Mass estimation in fossil sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Early ...

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Vizcaíno S.F., Fernicola J.C. and Bargo M.S. 2012b. Paleobiology of Santacrucian glyptodonts and armadillos (Xenarthra, Cingulata). In: Vizcaíno S.F., Kay R.F. and Bargo M.S. (Eds.) Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: high-latitude paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 194-215. Vizcaíno S.F., Kay R.F. and Bargo M.S. 2012c. Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-latitude paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 370 pp. White J.L. 1993. Indicators of locomotor habits in Xenarthrans: evidence for locomotor heterogeneity among fossil sloths. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13: 230-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1993.10011502 White J.L. 1997. Locomotor adaptations in Miocene Xenarthrans. En: Kay R.F., Madden R., H, Cifelli R.L. and Flynn J.J. (Eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. Pp. 246-264 Figure captions Figure 1. Cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships among the xenarthrans included in this study. Modified from Gaudin (2004). Figure 2. Measurements used in this work, as illustrated using the forelimb of Hapalops. A, left scapula in lateral view, anteroventral aspect to the left; B, left humerus, proximal view, anterior aspect down; C, left humerus in anterior view, proximal end up; D, left 25 25
humerus in distal view, anterior aspect up; E, left radius in anterior view, proximal end up; F, left ulna in medial view, anterior aspect right; G, left ulna, anterior view. Figure 3. Measurements used in this work, as illustrated using the hindlimb of Hapalops. A, pelvis in left lateral view; B, left femur in anterior view, distal end down; C, left tibia in proximal view, anterior aspect down; D, left tibia in anterior view, proximal end up; E, left fibula in anterior view, distal end down; F, left femur in distal view, anterior aspect up; G, left tibia in distal view, anterior aspect up; H, left astragalus in dorsal view, anterior aspect down; I, left calcaneum in dorsal view, anterior aspect down. Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree following Asher and Helgen (2010), as used in the variance decomposition test. The nodes are arbitrarily labeled with numbers. Figure 5. A: Orthogram plot. The bars are proportional to the squared coefficients (white and gray bars stand for positive and negative coefficients, respectively). The dashed line is the upper confidence limit at 5%, deduced from 20000 Monte Carlo permutations (mean value indicated by the horizontal solid line). B: Cumulative orthogram plot. Circles represent observed values of cumulated squared coefficients, expected values under H0 are along the straight line, and dashed lines stand for the bilateral confidence interval. The cumulative decomposition remained between the confidence limits. C, D, E and F: Histograms of observed values for the four test statistics. The four statistical tests were all non-significant after 20000 Monte-Carlo permutations. 26 26
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