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THOMSON REUTERS EUROPEAN AND U.S.<br />

CRUDE AND PRODUCTS SWAP METHODOLOGY<br />

AND SPECIFICATION GUIDE<br />

Contents<br />

OVERVIEW<br />

NEW IMPROVED FEATURES<br />

HOW TO FIND?<br />

FID MAPPING<br />

RIC STRUCTURE EXPLANATION<br />

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY<br />

STEP 1 – CALENDAR STRIP CALCULATIONS<br />

STEP 2 – “SPREAD” CALCULATIONS<br />

STEP 3 –OUTRIGHT SWAP CALCULATIONS<br />

HOW TO CHART THE TERM STRUCTURE?<br />

LIST OF CALENDAR STRIPS AND PRODUCT SWAPS AVAILABLE<br />

CONVERSION FACTOR<br />

EXPIRY SCHEDULES


Overview<br />

<strong>Thomson</strong> <strong>Reuters</strong> provides extended forward curve assessments for the <strong>European</strong> <strong>and</strong> US <strong>Crude</strong><br />

<strong>and</strong> Oil <strong>Products</strong>. As a further enhancement, <strong>Thomson</strong> <strong>Reuters</strong> is introducing a change in the<br />

source for the Calendar Strip calculations <strong>and</strong> is also introducing Balance of Month (BOM),<br />

Balance of Quarter (BOQ) <strong>and</strong> Balance of Year (BOY) RICs for all the Calendar Strips <strong>and</strong> <strong>Swap</strong>s.<br />

The Calendar Strips which were being calculated using the respective Future Contracts will be<br />

calculated using the respective Future Fair Value Curves going forward.<br />

The Fair Value curves that <strong>Thomson</strong> <strong>Reuters</strong> launched recently are independently sourced <strong>and</strong><br />

rigorously crafted, in real time. The Fair Value algorithm uses a combination of real-time bid,<br />

ask, intermonth <strong>and</strong>/or interproduct spread <strong>and</strong> other data to arrive at a theoretical price level<br />

for each individual traded contract. These are published in real time throughout the day as the<br />

markets change, so there is access to accurate forward-curve data for decision making. The Fair<br />

Value curves can be accessed from the page .<br />

The Calendar Strip assessments include ICE Brent <strong>Crude</strong> Oil, Gasoil, Heating Oil, RBOB Gasoline,<br />

WTI crude oil <strong>and</strong> NYMEX Light Sweet <strong>Crude</strong> Oil, Heating Oil, RBOB Gasoline.<br />

The calendar strip assessments are provided for as many months as the respective future<br />

contracts, 10 Quarters <strong>and</strong> 3 Years forward.<br />

The <strong>Products</strong> <strong>Swap</strong> assessments include Propane, Naphtha, Mogas, Unleaded Gasoline, Gasoil<br />

0.1%, Gasoil 10ppm, Jet Fuel, Diesel, Heating Oil, High Sulphur Fuel Oil <strong>and</strong> Low Sulphur Fuel Oil.<br />

The Product <strong>Swap</strong> assessments are provided for 24 Months, 10 Quarters <strong>and</strong> 3 Years forward.<br />

BFO CFD <strong>and</strong> Dated <strong>Swap</strong> assessments are also provided for 6 Weeks, 24 Months, 10 Quarters<br />

<strong>and</strong> 3 Years forward.<br />

The Calendar Strips are calculated as the weighted average of the respective future fair value<br />

contracts.<br />

The Product Outright <strong>Swap</strong>s are always calculated by applying the corresponding crack spreads<br />

<strong>and</strong> differential swap spreads to the respective calendar strips. The new methodology aims at<br />

providing the outright values through the “spreads” rather than just the direct outright value.<br />

In order to do so the “spreads” are assessed during the day from the price discovery process by<br />

the editorial also including data from different sources <strong>and</strong> brokers, thus providing the latest<br />

“spreads” for each of the products. These “spreads” when applied to the calendar strips provide<br />

a real time live outright swap data in line with the trades on the future contracts. So each of the<br />

products has “spreads” <strong>and</strong> outright swaps both assessed real time.<br />

The Light Distillates- Propane, Naphtha, Mogas <strong>and</strong> Unleaded Gasoline are calculated by<br />

applying the crack spreads to the calendar strips.<br />

The Mid Distillates- Gasoil 0.1%, Gasoil 10ppm, Jet Fuel, Diesel, Heating Oil are calculated by<br />

applying the differential swap spreads to the calendar strips.<br />

The Heavy products -High Sulphur Fuel Oil <strong>and</strong> Low Sulphur Fuel Oil are calculated by applying<br />

the crack spreads to the calendar strips.


The close value for the calendar strips are calculated from the settle/close value of the future<br />

fair value contracts. The close for the calendar strips <strong>and</strong> corresponding swaps is updated at<br />

00:30 GMT for EU <strong>and</strong> 23:30 GMT for US.<br />

The close is snapped to the historical database at 00:45 GMT for EU <strong>and</strong> 23:45 GMT for US.<br />

The net change between the previous day’s close <strong>and</strong> current day’s latest price is available on<br />

FID 11 (NETCHNG_1).<br />

New Improved Features<br />

Extended Forward Curves.<br />

The calendar strip assessments provided for as many months as the respective future<br />

fair value contracts, 10 Quarters <strong>and</strong> 3 Years forward.<br />

Rolling <strong>and</strong> Continuous form of RICs with calendar rolling pattern.<br />

Real time updates refreshed as <strong>and</strong> when there is an update on either the future fair<br />

value contracts or the differential swaps <strong>and</strong> crack spreads.<br />

Improved calculation methodology using the “spreads”.<br />

Use of interpolation <strong>and</strong> extrapolation techniques taking into account the seasonality<br />

<strong>and</strong> convenience yield where relevant for assessing the forward curves.<br />

Individual pages providing composite view specific to products <strong>and</strong> markets.<br />

All <strong>Crude</strong> <strong>Swap</strong>s expressed in USD/BBL. All Product <strong>Swap</strong>s expressed in USD/TONNE.<br />

For some of the future contracts which are quoted in USD/U GAL, the corresponding<br />

calendar strips assessments are provided in both USD/U GAL <strong>and</strong> USD/TONNE.<br />

Introduction of BOM, BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY RICs for Calendar Strips <strong>and</strong> <strong>Swap</strong>s.<br />

Use of Future Fair Value Curves as source for calculating Calendar Strips.<br />

How to find?<br />

in Kobra quote object will display the overview menu for the EU, US <strong>and</strong> AS<br />

calendar strips <strong>and</strong> swaps categorized by regions into crude swaps; products swaps - in the<br />

order of light distillates, mid distillates, heavy products <strong>and</strong> individual composite views.


FID Mapping<br />

PRIMACT_1 (FID 393) - The latest update value<br />

PRIMACT_2 (FID 394) – The second latest update value<br />

PRIMACT_3 (FID 395) – The third latest update value<br />

VALUE_DT1 (FID 875) – The date of the latest update in FID 393<br />

VALUE_DT2 (FID 876) – The date of the second latest update in FID 394<br />

VALUE_DT3 (FID 877) – The date of the third latest update in FID 395<br />

VALUE_TS1 (FID 1010) – The time of the latest update in FID 393<br />

VALUE_TS2 (FID 1011) - The time of update in FID 394<br />

VALUE_TS3 (FID 1012) – The time of update in FID 395<br />

HST_CLOSE (FID 21) – The close value of the previous day<br />

HSTCLSDATE (FID 79) – The date of the previous day’s close value<br />

DATE _RANGE (FID 859) – The contract month, quarter or year<br />

CURRENCY (FID 15) – The currency in which the swaps are expressed<br />

LOTSZNITS (FID 54) – The units in which the swaps are expressed


RIC Structure Explanation<br />

Calendar Strips<br />

Rolling RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The rolling RICs for calendar strips use the code of the respective future contracts followed by<br />

‘CAL’ then ‘M’ for Month, ‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed by the<br />

corresponding one letter code <strong>and</strong> the last digit of the year.<br />

Example: ICE Brent <strong>Crude</strong> LCO Calendar Strip<br />

LCO + CAL + M + K + 0 -----> LCOCALMK0 ------ > May 2010 Month contract<br />

LCO + CAL + Q + U +0 ----- > LCOCALQU0 --------> 3 Quarter 2010 contract<br />

LCO + CAL + Y + Z + 1 ------ > LCOCALYZ1 ---------> 2011 Year contract<br />

The composite chain for the calendar strip rolling RICs follows the same structure with the<br />

future contract code followed by ‘CAL’ <strong>and</strong> then a ‘:’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Individual chains for the months, quarters <strong>and</strong> years are also available, where they follow the<br />

same structure as the composite chain followed by ‘M:’ for month, ‘Q:’ for quarter, ‘Y:’ for year.<br />

Example: <br />

<br />

<br />

Continuous RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The continuous RICs for calendar strips use the code of the respective future contracts followed<br />

by ‘CAL’ then ‘M’ for Month, ‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed by ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> 1, 2,..<br />

Example: ICE Brent <strong>Crude</strong> LCO Calendar Strip<br />

LCO + CAL + M + c + 1 -----> LCOCALMc1 ------ > the first Month contract continuation<br />

LCO + CAL + Q + c +1 ----- > LCOCALQc1 --------> the first Quarter contract continuation<br />

LCO + CAL + Y + c + 1 ------ > LCOCALYc1---------> the first Year contract continuation<br />

The composite chain for the calendar strip continuous RICs follows the same structure with the<br />

future contract code followed by ‘CAL’ <strong>and</strong> then a ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Crack Spreads from Calendar Strips<br />

Rolling RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The rolling RICs for crack spread from calendar strips use the code of the respective future<br />

contracts followed by ‘C’ then ‘M’ for Month, ‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them<br />

followed by the corresponding one letter code <strong>and</strong> the last digit of the year.<br />

Example: ICE Gasoil LGO Crack Spread<br />

LGO + C+ M + K + 0 -----> LGOCMK0 ------ > May 2010 Month contract<br />

LGO + C + Q + U +0 ----- > LGOCQU0 --------> 3 Quarter 2010 contract<br />

LGO + C + Y + Z + 1 ------ > LGOCYZ1 ---------> 2011 Year contract


The composite chain for the crack spread rolling RICs follow the same structure with the future<br />

contract code followed by ‘C’ <strong>and</strong> then a ‘:’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Individual chains for the months, quarters <strong>and</strong> years are also available, where they follow the<br />

same structure as the composite chain followed by ‘M:’ for month, ‘Q:’ for quarter, ‘Y:’ for year.<br />

Example: <br />

<br />

<br />

Continuous RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The continuous RICs for crack spread of calendar strips use the code of the respective future<br />

contracts followed by ‘C’ then ‘M’ for Month, ‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed<br />

by ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> 1, 2,..<br />

Example: ICE Gasoil LGO Crack Spread<br />

LGO + C + M + c + 1 -----> LGOCMc1 ------ > the first Month contract continuation<br />

LGO + C + Q + c +1 ----- > LGOCQc1 --------> the first Quarter contract continuation<br />

LGO + C+ Y + c + 1 ------ > LGOCYc1---------> the first Year contract continuation<br />

The composite chain for the crack spread continuous RICs follows the same structure with the<br />

future contract code followed by ‘C’ <strong>and</strong> then a ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Product Outright <strong>Swap</strong>s<br />

Rolling RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The first three characters in the rolling RICs for product swaps denote the product; followed by<br />

‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next three characters for region; then ‘M’ for Month, ‘Q’ for<br />

Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed by the corresponding one letter code <strong>and</strong> the last<br />

digit of the year.<br />

Example: Naphtha CIF Cargo NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong><br />

NAP + C + NWE + M + K + 0 -----> NAPCNWEMK0 ------ > May 2010 Month contract<br />

NAP + C + NWE + Q + U +0 ----- > NAPCNWEQU0 -------> 3 Quarter 2010 contract<br />

NAP + C + NWE + Y + Z + 1 ------ >NAPCNWEYZ1 ---------> 2011 Year contract<br />

The composite chain for the product outright swap rolling RICs follows the same structure with<br />

first three characters denoting the product; followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next three<br />

characters for region; then a ‘:’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Individual chains for the months, quarters <strong>and</strong> years are also available, where they follow the<br />

same structure as the composite chain followed by ‘M:’ for month, ‘Q:’ for quarter, ‘Y:’ for year.<br />

Example: <br />

<br />


Continuous RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The first three characters in the continuous RICs for product swaps denote the product;<br />

followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next three characters for region; then ‘M’ for Month,<br />

‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed by ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> 1, 2,..<br />

Example: Naphtha CIF Cargo NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong><br />

NAP + C + NWE + M + c + 1 -----> NAPCNWEMc1 ------ > the first Month contract continuation<br />

NAP + C + NWE + Q + c + 1 ----- > NAPCNWEQc1 --------> the first Quarter contract continuation<br />

NAP + C + NWE + Y + c+ 1 ------ >NAPCNWEYc1 ---------> the first Year contract continuation<br />

The composite chain for the product outright swap continuous RICs follows the same structure<br />

with first three characters denoting the product; followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next<br />

three characters for region; then a ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Product Crack Spreads<br />

Rolling RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The first three characters in the rolling RICs for product crack spread denote the product;<br />

followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next three characters for region; ‘C’ for Crack; then ‘M’<br />

for Month, ‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed by the corresponding one letter<br />

code <strong>and</strong> the last digit of the year.<br />

Example: Naphtha CIF Cargo NWE Crack Spread<br />

NAP + C + NWE + C + M + K + 0 -----> NAPCNWECMK0 ------ > May 2010 Month contract<br />

NAP + C + NWE + C + Q + U +0 ----- > NAPCNWECQU0 --------> 3 Quarter 2010 contract<br />

NAP + C + NWE + C + Y + Z + 1 ------ >NAPCNWECYZ1 ---------> 2011 Year contract<br />

The composite chain for the product crack spread rolling RICs follows the same structure with<br />

first three characters denoting the product; followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next three<br />

characters for region; ‘C’ for Crack; then a ‘:’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Individual chains for the months, quarters <strong>and</strong> years are also available, where they follow the<br />

same structure as the composite chain followed by ‘M:’ for month, ‘Q:’ for quarter, ‘Y:’ for year.<br />

Example: <br />

<br />

<br />

Continuous RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The first three characters in the continuous RICs for product crack spread denote the product;<br />

followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next three characters for region; ‘C’ for Crack; then ‘M’<br />

for Month, ‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed by ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> 1, 2,..<br />

Example: Naphtha CIF Cargo NWE Crack Spread<br />

NAP + C + NWE + C+M + c+ 1 -----> NAPCNWECMc1------ > the first Month contract continuation<br />

NAP + C + NWE + C+ Q + c+ 1 ----> NAPCNWECQc1--------> the first Quarter contract continuation<br />

NAP + C + NWE + C+ Y + c+ 1 ------ >NAPCNWECYc1 ---------> the first Year contract continuation


The composite chain for the product crack spread continuous RICs follows the same structure<br />

with first three characters denoting the product; followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next<br />

three characters for region; ‘C’ for Crack; then a ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Product Differential <strong>Swap</strong> Spreads<br />

Rolling RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The first three characters in the rolling RICs for product differential swap spread denote the<br />

product; followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next three characters for region; ‘D’ for<br />

Differential; then ‘M’ for Month, ‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed by the<br />

corresponding one letter code <strong>and</strong> the last digit of the year.<br />

Example: Jet Fuel CIF Cargo NWE Differential <strong>Swap</strong><br />

JET + C + NWE + D + M + K + 0 -----> JETCNWEDMK0 ------ > May 2010 Month contract<br />

JET + C + NWE + D + Q + U +0 ----- > JETCNWEDQU0 --------> 3 Quarter 2010 contract<br />

JET + C + NWE + D + Y + Z + 1 ------ >JETCNWEDYZ1 ---------> 2011 Year contract<br />

The composite chain for the product differential swap spread rolling RICs follows the same<br />

structure with first three characters denoting the product; followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB;<br />

the next three characters for region; ‘D’ for Differential; then a ‘:’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example: <br />

Individual chains for the months, quarters <strong>and</strong> years are also available, where they follow the<br />

same structure as the composite chain followed by ‘M:’ for month, ‘Q:’ for quarter, ‘Y:’ for year.<br />

Example: <br />

<br />

<br />

Continuous RICs <strong>and</strong> Chains<br />

The first three characters in the continuous RICs for product differential swap spread denote the<br />

product; followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB; the next three characters for region; ‘D’ for<br />

Differential; then ‘M’ for Month, ‘Q’ for Quarter, ‘Y’ for Year; each of them followed by ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> 1,<br />

2,..<br />

Example: Jet Fuel CIF Cargo NWE Differential <strong>Swap</strong><br />

JET + C + NWE + D+M + c+ 1 -----> JETCNWEDMc1------ > the first Month contract continuation<br />

JET + C + NWE + D+ Q + c+ 1 -----> JETCNWEDQc1--------> the first Quarter contract continuation<br />

JET + C + NWE + D+ Y + c+ 1 ------ >JETCNWEDYc1 ---------> the first Year contract continuation<br />

The composite chain for the product differential swap spread continuous RICs follows the same<br />

structure with first three characters denoting the product; followed by ‘C’ for CIF or ‘F’ for FOB;<br />

the next three characters for region; ‘D’ for Differential; then a ‘c’ <strong>and</strong> all this preceded by a ‘0#’<br />

Example:


RIC Structure Explanation for BOM, BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY RICs<br />

Rolling RICs<br />

The rolling RICs for BOM, BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY calendar strips <strong>and</strong> swaps use the same code as the<br />

existing calendar strips <strong>and</strong> swaps but with an additional ‘B’ for ‘Balance’ in the RIC name.<br />

Example: ICE Brent <strong>Crude</strong> LCO Calendar Strip BOM, BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY RICs<br />

LCO + CAL + B + M + G + 3 -----> LCOCALBMG3 ------ > Feb 2013 Balance of Month contract<br />

LCO + CAL + B + Q + H + 3 ----- > LCOCALBQH3 --------> 2013 Balance of Quarter contract<br />

LCO + CAL + B + Y + Z + 3 ------ > LCOCALBYZ3 ---------> 2013 Balance of Year contract<br />

The BOM, BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY RICs can be accessed from the respective existing composite chains.<br />

Example: , , can be accessed from the chain<br />

<br />

Continuous RICs<br />

The continuous RICs for BOM, BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY calendar strips <strong>and</strong> swaps use the same code as the<br />

existing calendar strips <strong>and</strong> swaps but with a ‘c0’ (<strong>and</strong> without ‘B’) in the RIC name. So the BOM,<br />

BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY continuous RICs will be denoted by ‘c0’ <strong>and</strong> the first, second <strong>and</strong> consecutive<br />

forwards by c1, c2 etc., respectively.<br />

Example: ICE Brent <strong>Crude</strong> LCO Calendar Strip BOM, BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY RICs<br />

LCO + CAL + M + c + 0 -----> LCOCALMc0 ------ > Balance of Month contract continuation<br />

LCO + CAL + Q + c +0 ----- > LCOCALQc0 --------> Balance of Quarter contract continuation<br />

LCO + CAL + Y + c + 0 ------ > LCOCALYc0---------> Balance of Year contract continuation<br />

The BOM, BOQ <strong>and</strong> BOY RICs can be accessed from the respective existing composite chains.<br />

Example: , , can be accessed from the chain<br />


Calculation Methodology<br />

Step 1 – Calendar Strip Calculations<br />

i) BOM Calendar Strip Calculation<br />

The BOM calendar strips are calculated as the weighted average of the future fair value<br />

contracts (weight: based on working days)<br />

Illustration:<br />

ICE Brent <strong>Crude</strong> LCO Calendar Strip BOM calculation for the month of FEB 2013 <br />

The below formula is used:<br />

(D1 * LCOFVH3 + D2 * LCOFVJ3) / (D1 + D2)<br />

Where:<br />

is the future fair value contract for the month of March 2013<br />

is the future fair value contract for the month of April 2013<br />

D1 is the number of days from the day the calendar strip is calculated till the expiry date of the<br />

first future fair value contract; excluding the expiry date, Saturday, Sunday <strong>and</strong> holiday.<br />

D2 is the number of days from the expiry date till the end of the month, including the expiry<br />

date <strong>and</strong> excluding Saturday, Sunday <strong>and</strong> holiday.<br />

expires 13th Feb 2013<br />

expires 14th Mar 2013<br />

D1 is the number of working days from 1st Feb 2013 to 13th Feb 2013 (exclusive of 13th Feb)<br />

D2 is the number of working days from 13th Feb 2013 to 28th Feb 2013 (inclusive of 13th Feb)<br />

When the first leg of the calendar strip BOM i.e., expires on 13th Feb 2013, the<br />

calendar strip BOM value from 14th Feb to 28th Feb 2013 will be equal to the second leg i.e.,<br />

.<br />

Note: For Nymex contracts, the D1 will include the expiry date <strong>and</strong> is excluded from D2.<br />

ii) Forward Months Calendar Strip Calculation<br />

The calendar strips for forward months are calculated as the weighted average of the future fair<br />

value contracts (weight: based on working days)<br />

Illustration:<br />

ICE Brent <strong>Crude</strong> LCO Calendar Strip calculation for the month of MAR <br />

The below formula is used:<br />

(D1 * LCOFVJ3 + D2 * LCOFVK3) / (D1 + D2)


Where:<br />

is the future fair value contract for the month of April 2013<br />

is the future fair value contract for the month of May 2013<br />

D1 is the number of days from the day the calendar strip is calculated till the expiry date of the<br />

first future fair value contract; excluding the expiry date, Saturday, Sunday <strong>and</strong> holiday.<br />

D2 is the number of days from the expiry date till the end of the month, including the expiry<br />

date <strong>and</strong> excluding Saturday, Sunday <strong>and</strong> holiday.<br />

Note: For Nymex contracts, the D1 will include the expiry date <strong>and</strong> is excluded from D2.<br />

The calendar strips for quarters are calculated as the average of the month calendar strips<br />

applying in that quarter.<br />

The calendar strips for years are calculated as the average of the month/quarter calendar strips<br />

applying in that year.<br />

Step 2 – “Spread” Calculations<br />

The “spreads” – crack <strong>and</strong> differential for the products are assessed from the price discovery<br />

process during the day.<br />

The process involves assessing data from different sources, brokers, traders <strong>and</strong> editorial.<br />

The aim is to determine the “spreads” for each of the products.<br />

During the course, if an outright value is available for any of the products from any of the<br />

sources, then the “spread” implied by that outright value at that point of time is derived.<br />

If the implied “spread” cannot be derived from an outright value, then it is not considered.<br />

The implied “spread” is then applied to the calendar strips to obtain the outright swaps.<br />

Step 3 –Outright <strong>Swap</strong> Calculations<br />

The “spreads” obtained from step 2 for each of the products is applied to the respective<br />

calendar strips to calculate the outright swap for each of those products.<br />

Illustration:<br />

Naphtha CIF Cargo NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> Calculation for the month of MAY <br />

1. Identify the reference calendar strip.<br />

As Naphtha is a light distillate, the reference calendar strip is the Brent crude <br />

2. Identify the crack spread. Here there can be two possibilities.<br />

a) The crack spread is available.<br />

In this case the crack spread is available on the RIC <br />

b) The crack spread is not available.


3. Calculate the outright swap. Here again there can be two possibilities.<br />

a) The crack spread is available.<br />

Apply the crack spread on the RIC to the calendar strip on the RIC<br />

. Both the calendar strip <strong>and</strong> crack spread are expressed in USD/BBL. The<br />

conversion factor has to be applied to obtain the outright swap in USD/TONNE.<br />

b) The crack spread is not available.<br />

In this case the interpolation <strong>and</strong> extrapolation techniques are employed.<br />

Interpolation – If the data has to be calculated for maturity period(s) in between two<br />

periods having data then interpolation is used.<br />

Extrapolation – If the data has to be calculated for maturity period(s) before periods<br />

having data (rare case) or further than periods having data then extrapolation is used.


If the crack spread for some month maturities is not available, then the data for those<br />

months are extrapolated (screenshot below)<br />

Extrapolated<br />

as no Crack<br />

Spreads


If the crack spread for some quarter maturities is not available, then the data for the<br />

months applying in that quarter is extrapolated <strong>and</strong> then the quarter is calculated from<br />

the months. (screenshot below – where the 2Q12 is calculated from the extrapolated<br />

month values)<br />

Extrapolated<br />

as no Crack<br />

Spreads


How To Chart The Term Structure?<br />

1. Insert in new frame (or pop-up) an empty chart object.<br />

2. Right click on the chart object <strong>and</strong> select ‘Insert Analysis’


3. From the list select ‘Term Structure’<br />

4. Under the tab ‘General’, in the box under ‘Instrument’ type in the chain for which the<br />

term structure is required.<br />

5. Under the ‘Parameters’ section, in the box for ‘Forward Contracts’ type in the number<br />

of months, quarters or years depending upon the instrument used.<br />

6. Click on ‘ADD’


7. The Term Structure will be displayed.<br />

8. The Term Structure for another instrument can be displayed in the same chart by<br />

repeating the above steps.


List of Calendar Strips <strong>and</strong> Product <strong>Swap</strong>s Available<br />

EU – <strong>Crude</strong> <strong>Swap</strong><br />

ICE Brent <strong>Crude</strong> Oil Calendar Strip <br />

ICE WTI <strong>Crude</strong> Oil Calendar Strip <br />

BFO CFD <br />

BFO DATED <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

EU – Product <strong>Swap</strong><br />

Propane CIF NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Propane CIF NWE Crack Spread <br />

Naphtha CIF Cargo NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Naphtha CIF Cargo NWE Crack Spread <br />

ICE RBOB Gasoline Calendar Strip (US Gallons) <br />

ICE RBOB Gasoline Calendar Strip (Tonnes) <br />

Mogas FOB Barge ARA Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Mogas FOB Barge ARA Crack Spread <br />

Mogas FOB MED Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Mogas FOB MED Crack Spread <br />

Mogas FOB NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Mogas FOB NWE Crack Spread <br />

Jet Fuel CIF Cargo NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Jet Fuel CIF Cargo NWE Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Jet Fuel FOB ARA Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Jet Fuel FOB ARA Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

ICE Gasoil Calendar Strip <br />

ICE Gasoil Crack Spread <br />

GasOil 0.1% CIF Cargo NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 0.1% CIF Cargo NWE Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 0.1% FOB NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 0.1% FOB NWE Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 0.1% FOB MED Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 0.1% FOB MED Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 0.1% FOB ARA Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 0.1% FOB ARA Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 10ppm CIF Cargo NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 10ppm CIF Cargo NWE Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 10ppm CIF MED Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 10ppm CIF MED Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 10ppm FOB Barge ARA Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

GasOil 10ppm FOB Barge ARA Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

ICE Heating Oil Calendar Strip (US Gallons) <br />

ICE Heating Oil Calendar Strip (Tonnes)


Fuel Oil 3.5% CIF NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% CIF NWE Crack Spread <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% CIF MED Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% CIF MED Crack Spread <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% FOB MED Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% FOB MED Crack Spread <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% FOB Barge ARA Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% FOB Barge ARA Crack Spread <br />

Fuel Oil 1.0% FOB Cargo NWE Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 1.0% FOB Cargo NWE Crack Spread <br />

Fuel Oil 1.0% FOB ARA Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 1.0% FOB ARA Crack Spread <br />

Fuel Oil 1.0% FOB MED Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 1.0% FOB MED Crack Spread <br />

ICE Sulphur Gas Calendar Strip <br />

EU – Natgas <strong>Swap</strong><br />

ICE Natgas NGLN Calendar Strip <br />

US – <strong>Crude</strong> <strong>Swap</strong><br />

Nymex WTI <strong>Crude</strong> Calendar Strip <br />

US – Product <strong>Swap</strong><br />

Nymex RBOB Gasoline Calendar Strip (US Gallons) <br />

Nymex RBOB Gasoline Calendar Strip (Tonnes) <br />

Nymex RBOB Gasoline Crack Spread <br />

Unleaded Gasoline FOB USG Crack Spread <br />

Unleaded Gasoline FOB USG Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Jet Fuel FOB USG Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Jet Fuel FOB USG Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

ULSD FOB NYH Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

ULSD FOB NYH Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

ULSD FOB USG Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

ULSD FOB USG Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Nymex Heating Oil Calendar Strip (US Gallons) <br />

Nymex Heating Oil Calendar Strip (Tonnes) <br />

Nymex Heating Oil Crack Spread <br />

Heating Oil FOB USG Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Heating Oil FOB USG Differential <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% FOB Barge USG Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 3.5% FOB Barge USG Crack Spread <br />

Fuel Oil 1.0% FOB NYH Outright <strong>Swap</strong> <br />

Fuel Oil 1.0% FOB NYH Crack Spread <br />

US – Natgas <strong>Swap</strong><br />

Nymex Natgas NG Calendar Strip


Conversion Factor<br />

Expiry Schedules<br />

BBL/TONNE<br />

Brent <strong>Crude</strong> 7.4<br />

WTI <strong>Crude</strong> 7.33<br />

Propane 12.409<br />

Naphtha 8.9<br />

RBOB Gasoline 8.45<br />

Gasoline 8.405<br />

Jet Fuel 7.88<br />

Gas Oil 7.45<br />

Heating Oil 7.5<br />

Diesel 7.5<br />

High Sulphur Fuel Oil 6.317<br />

Low Sulphur Fuel Oil 6.368<br />

All the calendar strips <strong>and</strong> swaps which were previously following the expiry pattern of the<br />

respective future contracts will now follow calendar expiry pattern.<br />

Expiry pattern for Forward contracts<br />

All forward month contracts will expire on last day of the month preceeding the contract month.<br />

Ex: will expire last day of Feb i.e., 28th Feb 2013.<br />

All forward quarter contracts will expire on last day of the preceeding quarter.<br />

Ex: will expire last day of March i.e., 31st March 2013.<br />

All forward year contracts will expire on last day of the preceeding year.<br />

Ex: will expire last day of December i.e., 3st Dec 2013.<br />

Expiry pattern for ‘Balance Of’ contracts<br />

The BOM (Balance of Month) contract will expire last day of the contract month.<br />

Ex: will expire last day of Feb i.e., 28th Feb 2013.<br />

The BOQ (Balance of Quarter) contract will expire last day of the quarter.<br />

Ex: will expire last day of March i.e., 31st March 2013.<br />

The BOY (Balance of Year) contract will expire last day of the year.<br />

Ex: will expire last day of December i.e., 31st Dec 2013.<br />

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