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8 Orthodontics KCE Reports 77 GLOSSARY OF ORTHODONTIC TERMS Aesthetic component Part of the IOTN index, see photographs in Appendix of Ch 2 Agenesis Congenitally missing tooth. When 2-5 permanent teeth are congenitally missing, this is called hypodontia. More than 6 permanent teeth missing -excluding the wisdom teeth- is called oligodontia. Anterior Situated in the front, a term commonly used to denote the incisor to canine region. Appliance A device, fixed or removable, which is used to change the position of teeth or jaws Dental arch The ensemble of teeth in the upper and lower jaw mostly in a horseshoe shape Band A thin strip of metal which is placed around a tooth, mostly a molar with dental cement in order to attach the appliance Banding Placing a band on a tooth with dental cement Wax bite An imprint of the teeth in wax, in order to examine the relationship between upper and lower teeth on study models. Brackets Or braces, small metal appliances bonded on the tooth with a composite in order to have an attachment on each tooth to be able to move them. Bruxism Grinding of the teeth during sleep, which causes abrasion of the tooth enamel and can cause TMJ disorders. Buccal segments The side view of the bite Caries Dental decay Dental cast A study model, in plaster, of the teeth of upper and lower arch. Recently also digital study models have been developed. Cephalometric X- Ray An X-Ray of the head and jaw bones that shows how the teeth and jaws are aligned and whether they are growing properly Class I malocclusion The teeth of upper and lower jaw meet correctly in sagittal direction but show irregularities. Class II malocclusion The teeth of the upper jaw protrude relative to the teeth of the lower jaw and the teeth may also show irregularities. Class III malocclusion The teeth of the lower jaw protrude relative to the teeth of the upper jaw and the teeth may also show irregularities. Cleft Palate A congenital non-closure of the palate, it may involve the hard or soft palate or both. Cleft Lip A congenital non-closure of the lip. Congenital Present at birth Cross Bite A malocclusion where the upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth. This type of malocclusion can occur in the lateral part of the mouth and can be unilateral or bilateral; or can occur in the front region of the mouth. Crowding The type of malocclusion where the teeth are in irregular position due to a lack of space in the dental arch. Deciduous teeth Baby or primary teeth which fall out and are replaced by the permanent teeth. There are 10 deciduous teeth in each jaw, 20 in total. Deep bite Excessive overbite in the front region, which may cause damage to the palatal or buccal gingiva. Dental health The overall health of the mouth, teeth, gums and supporting tissues. Disto-occlusion A tooth occluding in a position distal to normal. Synonym: distalocclusion, postnormal occlusion, retrusive occlusion, distal occlusion. Erosion A defect on the surface of the tooth. It is usually a result of the chemical action of acids in soft drinks.
KCE Reports 77 Orthodontics 9 Eruption Emergence of the tooth through the gums Extra-oral Outside the mouth Fixed appliance The brackets bonded and the bands banded on the teeth, which are joined with an orthodontic wire in order to move the teeth. Functional appliance A special removable appliance which changes the way the teeth and jaws bite together. Functional treatment Treatment with –in most of the cases- a removable appliance that joins both lower and upper jaw in order to change the relationship between both jaws; this treatment can also be carried out by a fixed appliance constructed for this goal Interceptive treatment A treatment that is carried out at an early age to prevent more complex features to develop and to allow the more definitive treatment to be more easily completed at a later age Gingiva The part of the gum which surrounds the teeth Gingivitis Inflammation of the gums, which are swollen and bleed easily. Impacted tooth A tooth that is embedded in the jaw and is prevented from erupting normally. Intra-oral Inside the mouth. Intra- oral traction Attaching elastics or other devices to the upper and lower teeth to produce the force to move teeth. IOTN Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Lingual The lingual surface of the tooth is the surface adjacent to the tongue. Low friction brackets Fixed appliance system (of bracket and wire system) recently introduced which claims to produce tooth movements with less friction than conventional bracket system, so far these claims were not supported by scientific evidence. Malocclusion Abnormal occlusion of the teeth or a jaws. Mandible The lower jaw Maxilla The upper jaw Mesio-occlusion Occlusion in which the mandibular teeth articulate with the maxillary teeth in a position anterior to normal. Synonym: prenormal occlusion, mesial occlusion. Myofunctional disorder Refers to a disorder of the muscles of the mouth and face, especially the tongue and the lips during swallowing or in restposition. A collection of terms concerning myofunctional problems are tongue thrust, tongue thrust swallow, infantile swallow, wrong infantile swallowing, tongue- and lip habits , tongue habit, lip habit, tongue interposition. Neutro-occlusion An arrangement of teeth such that the maxillary and mandibular first permanent molars are in normal anteroposterior relation. Neutral occlusion Occlusion The meeting together of the upper and lower teeth, also called ‘bite’. Open bite A malocclusion in which the teeth do not meet together. Orthodontics The field of orthodontics comprises the development and growth of the face and the jaws, and the positioning of the teeth in the dental arches and the occlusion (the bite). Overbite The vertical overlap of the upper over the lower teeth. Overjet The horizontal distance between the upper teeth over the lower teeth in the front. Palatal The palatal surface of the tooth is the surface adjacent to the tongue. Permanent teeth The secondary or adult teeth, the wisdom teeth included there are 32 permanent teeth (16 in each jaw) Plaque A deposit formed by the action of bacteria on the food residue, this can cause caries. Posterior Situated in the back of the mouth, refers to the premolar and molar area.
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