The human element in airline training - Royal Aeronautical Society

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40 The human element in airline training APPENDIX E Inclement weather aspects Operations from runways affected 81/1999 Pink 195 by snow, slush or water Frost, ice and snow on aircraft 93/2000 Pink 8 Ground de-icing of aircraft 81/2001 Pink 25 — Holdover times Induction system 145/1997 Pink 161 (piston engine carburettor) icing Ice induced stalls on turbo-propeller 98/1999 Pink 200 & other propeller driven aircraft Meteorological effects Flight over and in the vicinity of 144/1997 Pink 160 high ground Low altitude wind-shear 19/2002 Pink 28 Effect of thunderstorms and associated 72/2002 Pink 22 turbulence on aircraft Aircraft induced turbulence Wake Turbulence 17/1999 Pink 188 Vortex rings (helicopters) 147/1998 Pink 184 Approach Use of ILS facilities in the UK 34/1977 Pink 141 Absolute Minima 49/2002 Pink 32 Performance Take-off, climb and landing performance 67/2002 Pink 36 of light aeroplanes Landing performance of large 11/1998 Pink 164 transport aeroplanes ICAO Publications ICAO PANS OPS Document 8168 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Detailed Standards for flight operations ICAO Human Factors Digests Digest No 1 (Recently re-circulated in UK as CAA CAP 719) Addresses human factors concepts and includes some material relevant to training and evaluation. Digest No 2 Deals with CRM and LOFT concepts and makes some reference to the instructor role in these exercises. Digest No 4 Refers to the use of Human Factors in Personnel Selection. Other publications on instructor pilot selection Training and Development of Public Transport Training Pilots A training guide in the Air Technology Series produced in 1982 by the now defunct Air Transport and Travel Industry Board (ATTITB) of the UK. This guide is now out of print. Publications of ‘human factors’ and CRM interest Feedback Confidential Human Factors Incident Reporting Programme (CHIRP) magazine Focus on Commercial Aviation Safety The UK Flight Safety Committee Official Quarterly Publication Human Error (By James Reason, 1990) Errors and their Causes. May be seen as complementary to the outline on errors given in ‘The airline Training Captain’ section of this guide at 4.3.4 (ISBN 0-521-31419-4) Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Published by the Cranfield University, Bedford Specialist Journal Human Factors in Multi-crew operations (By Harry W. Orlady and Linda M. Orlady, 1999) A book specifically designed as a learning source, both for students and self-study. It provides a practical context for the appreciation of human factors, for those studying or engaged in current air transport operations. (ISBN 0-291-39838-3, hard back & 0-291-39839-1, paperback) Human Factors for Pilots (By R.C. Green, H. Muir, M. James D. Gradwell, R.L. Green, 1991) Basic textbook introducing the world of human factors to students learning to fly professionally. (ISBN 1 85628 177 9) There follows a more comprehensive list of CRM and Human Factors related information and guidance. For the full list, see UK CAA CAP 737 Crew Resource Management (CRM) (Appendix). CAP 737 APPENDIX (EXTRACT) — SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION There are many hundreds of references on CRM and human factors. A reasonably comprehensive list is given in CAP 737: Crew Resource Management (CRM) (due to be published in early 2003; http://www.caa.co.uk/publications) A short list of some of the key documents may be found below: ICAO Human Factors Training Manual. 1998. Doc 9683-AN/950 ICAO. Training of Operational Personnel in Human Factors. ICAO Human Factors Digest No 3. ICAO Circular 227-AN/136. 1991 ICAO. Flight Crew Training: Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). ICAO Human factors Digest No. 2. ICAO Circular 217-AN/132. 1989. Also published as CAP720 Carver, T. Training and Maintaining Basic Airmanship Skills. Flight Safety Foundation. 10th EASS ‘Managing Aviation safety — Back to Basics’. Netherlands. March 1998 Dédale. Briefings: A Human Factors Course for Pilots — Reference Manual and videos. 2000. Publishers Dédale, France. ISBN 2-9509979-0-2 http://www.dedale.net/page_bfgs.html CAA. Guidance Notes for Accreditation Standards for CRM Instructors & CRM Examiners: Standards Document 29, version 1. 2001. Krey. Neil Krey’s CRM Developers Forum http://www.crm-devel.org http://www.crm-devel.org/resources/nasa/losdbrf/index.htm http://www.crm-devel.org/resources/misc/transcan/transcan1.htm http://www.crm-devel.org/resources/misc/raesperf/perfstan.htm http://www.crm-devel.org/resources/paper/raescrm.htm. RAeS. Crew Resource Management. Paper produced by RAeS HFG CRM standing group. http://www.raes-hfg.com RAeS. CRM Resource Listing (94 pages) — listing of videos, books, training material. (not updated since 1999). http://www.raes-hfg.com (CRM — resource listing) RAeS. Guide to Performance Standards for Instructors on Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training in Commercial Aviation (1998). Download from http://www.raes-hfg.com/civil-av.pfd RAeS. Quality Crew Resource Management. Paper produced by RAeS HFG CRM standing group. http://www.crm-devel.org/resources/paper/raescrm.htm. RAeS. Royal Aeronautical Society Human Factors Group http://www.raes-hfg.com (CRM pages) http://www.raes-hfg.com/reports/loft-debrief.htm http://www.raes-hfg.com /reports/crm_trng.pdf
Transport Canada. Crew Resource Management Manual. http://www.crm-devel.org/resources/misc/transcan/transcan1.htm Weiner, E., Kanki, B., Helmreich, R. Cockpit Resource Management. 1993 San Diego, Academic Press. ISBN 0-12- 750026-X RAeS. CRM Standards for Single Pilot Operators. http://www.raes-hfg.com (CRMSG page) FAA website on safety training and research for general aviation pilots and instructors. http://FlySafe.faa.gov Dunlap, J., and Mangold, S. Leadership/ Followership; recurrent training. Instructor manual and student manual. February 1998. FAA. Endsley. Mica Endsley’s Situation Awareness Technologies sitewww.satechnologies.com Reason, J. Human Error. 1990. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31419-4 GAIN. Operator’s Flight Safety Handbook. Issue 2. December 2001. ICAO. Human Factors, Management and Organization. ICAO Human Factors Digest No 10. ICAO Circular 247-AN/148 Maurino, D., Reason, J., Johnston, N., Lee, R. Beyond Aviation Human Factors; Safety in High technology Systems. 1995. Ashgate. ISBN 1-84014-948-5 Reason, J. Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. 1997. Ashgate. ISBN 1-84014-105-0 GIHRE. Enhancing Performance in High Risk Environments: recommendations for the use of Behavioural Markers. July 2001. http://www2.hu-berlin.de/GIHRE Helmreich. University of Texas; Bob Helmreich’s CRM and LOSA site http://www.psy.utexas.eduwww.psy.utexas.edu/psy/helmreich/nas aut.htm AIA/ AECMA. Propulsion System Malfunction and Inappropriate Crew Response (PSM+ICR). Vols 1 and 2. November 1998. FAA. Turbofan Engine Malfunction Recognition and Response. November 2000. Training video and notes. Also in CD form. For a free copy, write to FAA Engine and Propellor Directorate, ANE- 110, 12 New England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803, USA.Text can be downloaded from http://www.faa.gov/certification/aircraft (click on ‘Special Topics — Safety Resource Page’ ) or from http://www.faa.gov/certification/aircraft/engine_malf_famil.doc FAA. Turboprop Engine Malfunction Recognition and Response. Training video and notes. In preparation — may be ready late 2002 or early 2003.For further information, write to FAA Engine and Propellor Directorate, ANE-110, 12 New England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803, USA FSF. Approach and Landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Toolkit. 2000/2001. Flight Safety Foundation. CD. Free to FSF members. http://www.flightsafety.org/pdf/alar_flyer.pdf Dismukes, K and Smith, G. Facilitation and Debriefing in Aviation Training and Operations. Ashgate. October 2000. ISBN: 0 7546 1164 7 APPENDIX F APPENDIX F USEFUL ADDRESSES Information sources and providers of Publications For calls from overseas, dial the local access code, then 44 (to access the UK network) followed by the required number without the leading digit (0) shown in the following listings of numbers. FLYING REGULATORS AND PROFESSIONAL BODIES Civil Aviation Authority (UK National Regulatory Authority — Primary Information Source) Personnel Licensing Department (PLD) Aviation House Tel +44 (0)1293 57 3700 Gatwick Airport South Fax +44 (0)1293 57 3996 West Sussex e-mail (see website for particulars) RH6 0YR, UK Website http://www.caa.co.uk/srg Medical Department Tel +44 (0)1293 57 3685 (Address as above) National Air Traffic Services (NATS) (Provider of en-route air traffic services in UK) Aeronautical Information Tel (Editorial) +44 (0)20 8745 3458 Service Control Tower Building Tel (Distribution) +44 (0)1242 283 100 London Heathrow Airport Tel (Content) +44 (0)20 7453 6575 Hounslow Fax +44 (0)20 8745 3453 Middlesex Website http://www.ais.org.uk TW6 1JJ, UK Royal Aeronautical Society (Provider of information and advice) 4 Hamilton Place Tel +44 (0)20 7670 4300 London Fax +44 (0)20 7670 4309 W1J 7BQ, UK e-mail raes@raes.org.uk website http://www.aerosociety.com The Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators (Provider of information and advice) Cobham House Tel +44 (0)20 7404 4032 9 Warwick Court Fax +44 (0)20 7404 4035 Gray’s Inn e-mail gapan@gapan.org London website http://www.gapan.org WC1R 5DJ, UK The Air League Educational Trust (Provider of general guidance for Non JAA JAR-OPS/FCL matters) Broadway House Tel +44 (0)20 7222 8463 Tothill Street Fax +44 (0)20 8222 8462 London e-mail flying@airleague.co.uk SW1H 9NS, UK Website http://www.airleague.co.uk Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA-UK) (Provider of general guidance for Non JAA JAR-OPS/FCL matters) 50a Cambridge Street Tel +44 (0)20 7834 5631 London Fax +44 (0)20 7834 8623 SW1V 4QQ, UK e-mail aopa@easynet.co.uk Website http://www.aopa.co.uk British Air Line Pilots Association (BALPA) (Pilot Representative Union — Information Source) 81 New Road Tel +44 (0)20 8746 4000 Harlington Fax +44 (0)20 8476 4077 Hayes e-mail balpa@balpa.org.uk Middlesex Website http://www.balpa.org.uk UB3 5BG, UK April 2003 41
Page 1 and 2: The human element in airline traini
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Page 5 and 6: GLOSSARY Term Definition A Aeroplan
Page 7 and 8: Boeing 767-400. generally unstated
Page 9 and 10: A student and his instructor. candi
Page 11 and 12: Pre-flight checks. be used, company
Page 13 and 14: 4.3.3 How to handle errors 57. One
Page 15 and 16: A340-600. c. Mental saturation, tha
Page 17 and 18: 13. He who answers all the question
Page 19 and 20: 86. If more than the minimum number
Page 21 and 22: Schweitzer C/CB training helicopter
Page 23 and 24: 7.3.1 Training department responsib
Page 25 and 26: Personnel Licensing Department staf
Page 27 and 28: 9. The focus when instructing is of
Page 29 and 30: a. A separate Airworthiness type ce
Page 31 and 32: The FE (PPL): Conducts the first ty
Page 33 and 34: If the rating has lapsed, the appli
Page 35 and 36: 4.4 Class Rating Examiner — Aerop
Page 37 and 38: a. Briefing b. Recording c. Assessi
Page 39: JAR OPS 1 Details requirements that
Page 43 and 44: APPENDIX G RATIONALE AND ACKNOWLEDG

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