Biology 10 - General Biology Lecture 10 Cellular Respiration • How ...

Biology 10 - General Biology
Lecture 10
Cellular Respiration
How do organisms use Glucose (foods) for energy?
Answer: Cellular Respiration
Overall simplified reaction:
Ingredients:
Products:
Reverse :
Cellular Respiration = “Breathing at the :
O2 is :
CO2 is :
Function :
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Goal : Usable cellular energy:
Cell Respiration Occurs Continuously
• Cells NEED constant energy (ATP) to :
ATP canNOT :
ATP MUST be produced :
Produced by breaking down :
• ~75% of all ATP is used for :
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Basal Metabolic Rate: Energy needed to :
• ATP also used for :
2 Methods of Cellular Respiration
Cal /day or (Kcal/day)
1. Aerobic Respiration : Hybrid Vehicle
• Uses :
• Most efficient method of :
40% transferred into :
60% lost as :
• Location:
1 glucose =
2. Anaerobic Respiration: Hummer
• “NO :
• Inefficient method of using:
2% transferred into:
38% remain in :
60% lost as :
1 glucose =
• Occurs w/in :
2 Methods of Cell Respiration:
1. ANAEROBIC:
• Glucose Breakdown without
• Reaction:
Glucose: 6 Carbon Molecule
a. Cut into two:
Animal cells:
Unicellular Organisms:
2

.
• Disadvantages:
1. ONLY 2 ATP per glucose
2. Produce TOXIC bi-product
Causes muscle :
Ethanol
Death to :
• Advantage:
Can continue to produce ATP when :
• Process also called :
2. Aerobic Respiration:
Multi-step process: Requires
Three sets of Chemical reactions:
a. Glycolysis
b. Krebs Cycle
c. Electron Transport Chain
Complete breakdown of GLUCOSE into:
a. Energy in glucose converted into:
b. Waste:
c. Waste:
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Oxygen’s Role in Aerobic Respiration:
Oxygen used in last set of reactions
Electron transport chain produces :
a. Electrons are removed from :
b. Electrons are passed :
c. Electrons :
d. Electrons removed from chain by :
O2 + e- + H + → H2O
We breath in order to efficiently use nutrients for energy (ATP)
Energy Demands : Important Points
1. Energy Storage:
Energy stored in :
2. Energy Use:
Carbohydrates (sugars), fats, protein
ATP cannot be :
ATP is an on :
ATP must be made through continued :
3. ONLY Glucose can be used without :
4. FATS & PROTEINS require :
Energy Content :
Fats : Kcal / gram
Proteins : Kcal / gram
Carbo’s : Kcal / gram
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Study Questions :
1. What do organisms do with the glucose they either make (like plants) or ingest (like us)?
2. What is the only usable molecular form of energy within the cell?
3. What multi-step set of reactions do cells use to interconvert nutrients (ie glucose) and ATP?
4. What is the overall simplified cellular respiration reaction? What is the overall goal of cellular respiration? How
does it relate to photosynthesis?
5. Can cells store ATP? Does cellular respiration need to occur constantly in a living organism? How do you
know this to be true (hint : think of the need for oxygen by living organisms)
6. What is the basal metabolic rate? Approximately how many calories is the average human basal metabolic
rate?
7. What can you do to increase the amount of calories you are using during the day?
8. What are the two methods or strategies of cellular respiration? Which method of respiration is more effective at
capturing the energy in the bonds of ATP?
9. Where does the carbon dioxide that we exhale come from?
10. What molecule must be present for aerobic cellular respiration to occur?
11. How efficient is aerobic cellular respiration at capturing the energy in glucose into the energy in the bonds of
ATP (How many ATP are made)? How efficient is anaerobic cellular respiration at capturing the energy? In what
form is most of the energy “lost”?
12. What is lactic acid? When is lactic acid formed? What are some of the problems with lactic acid and ethanol?
What is the advantage of anaerobic cellular respiration?
13. Where does anaerobic cellular respiration occur?
14. Where does aerobic cellular respiration occur?
15. Can cells use organic molecules other than glucose for energy? Which organic molecules require oxygen to be
used? Which organic molecule can be used anaerobically?
16. What are the three reaction of aerobic cellular respiration?
17. How is oxygen used in the electron transport chain? What does oxygen form when it combines with the
electrons and hydrogen?
18. Why is it important that we breathe oxygen? Why do cells die very quickly when oxygen is not present?
19. Which organic molecule contains the greatest amount of energy per gram?
20. If you wanted to loose weight by specifically burning fat would it be best to run or walk? Why?
21. Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (look at the above diagram)
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