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Web Video 2.0<br />
Delivering your video on the web<br />
David Tamés, Filmmaker & Media Technologist<br />
<strong>Kino</strong>-<strong>Eye</strong>.<strong>com</strong><br />
18th Annual Pro Video Show<br />
Friday, March 7, 2008<br />
Stonehill College<br />
Presented by the Camera Company
Circa 1991: Apple introduces QuickTime, dismissed as<br />
“tiny postage-stamp movies” on personal <strong>com</strong>puters<br />
A Personal History
Circa 1991: Apple introduces QuickTime, dismissed as<br />
“tiny postage-stamp movies” on personal <strong>com</strong>puters<br />
Circa 1994: Making and Watching Movies on<br />
Personal Computers, dismissed as “not real cinema”<br />
A Personal History
Circa 1991: Apple introduces QuickTime, dismissed as<br />
“tiny postage-stamp movies” on personal <strong>com</strong>puters<br />
Circa 1994: Making and Watching Movies on<br />
Personal Computers, dismissed as “not real cinema”<br />
Circa 1996: Web-Based Entertainment, the “East<br />
Village” was an online soap-opera with QuickTime movie downloads<br />
and a soundtrack CD, but web video was “not ready for prime time”<br />
A Personal History
Circa 1991: Apple introduces QuickTime, dismissed as<br />
“tiny postage-stamp movies” on personal <strong>com</strong>puters<br />
Circa 1994: Making and Watching Movies on<br />
Personal Computers, dismissed as “not real cinema”<br />
Circa 1996: Web-Based Entertainment, the “East<br />
Village” was an online soap-opera with QuickTime movie downloads<br />
and a soundtrack CD, but web video was “not ready for prime time”<br />
A Personal History<br />
Circa 2006: YouTube marks an Inflection Point<br />
YouTube and other<br />
video sharing sites<br />
may still not be “real<br />
cinema,” however, the<br />
extent of the audience<br />
and its role in the<br />
public imagination<br />
marks an inflection<br />
point in the evolution<br />
of the moving image.
4 Stages of Media Revolution<br />
1991 1999 2005 2007<br />
Production<br />
Audience<br />
Distribution<br />
Post-<br />
Production<br />
Camcorder Inexpensive NLE Internet Social Networking
4 Stages of Media Revolution<br />
1991 Camcorders:<br />
The Great Hope<br />
Salient Characteristics:<br />
Inexpensive cameras, now<br />
anyone can shoot<br />
Stage 1 Democratization of production<br />
Production<br />
Audience<br />
Distribution<br />
Post-<br />
Production
4 Stages of Media Revolution<br />
Salient Characteristics:<br />
Inexpensive editing,<br />
now anyone can edit<br />
April, 1999<br />
FCP Introduced at NAB<br />
Stage 2 Democratization of post-production<br />
Stage 1 Democratization of production<br />
Production<br />
Audience<br />
Distribution<br />
Post-<br />
Production
4 Stages of Media Revolution<br />
Salient Characteristics:<br />
High-speed Internet access<br />
at home, progressive<br />
download, anyone can share<br />
Dec. 15, 2005<br />
YouTube Launched<br />
Stage 2 Democratization of post-production<br />
Stage 1 Democratization of production<br />
Production<br />
Audience<br />
Distribution<br />
Post-<br />
Production<br />
Stage 3 Democratization of distribution
4 Stages of Media Revolution<br />
Stage 4 Connect supply and demand through <strong>com</strong>munity<br />
Salient Characteristics:<br />
Group Forming, Two<br />
Way, Innovation shifts to<br />
the end-users<br />
2006: Audience<br />
Stage 1 Democratization of production<br />
Production<br />
Audience<br />
Distribution<br />
Stage 3 Democratization of distribution<br />
Stage 2 Democratization of post-production<br />
Post-<br />
Production
Four Examples of Emerging Media<br />
Empowering episodic<br />
media makers<br />
Convergence of broadcast<br />
television and internet video<br />
Joost<br />
blip.tv<br />
YouTube<br />
Driving viral video<br />
and delivering a huge audience<br />
Seamless user experience with<br />
iPhone, iPod, AppleTV<br />
iTunes
New forms of personal expression<br />
Video blogs (vlogs)<br />
http://vlog.rheingold.<strong>com</strong>
Evolution of broadcast<br />
Joost<br />
http://joost.<strong>com</strong><br />
Joost <strong>com</strong>bines the internet video and TV worlds, with programmes,<br />
channels and adverts, along with the ability to search for programmes and<br />
channels, as well as social features like chat and more.
Evolution of Shows<br />
Revision 3<br />
http://revision3.<strong>com</strong><br />
Revision 3 is a<br />
Production<br />
Studio for techoriented<br />
shows<br />
currently selling<br />
sponsorships to<br />
major brands.
Getting your video online: YouTube<br />
http://youtube.<strong>com</strong><br />
Driving viral video<br />
and delivering a huge audience
Getting your video online: blip.tv<br />
http://blip.tv<br />
Empowering episodic<br />
media makers
and a plethora of alternatives... (1/2)<br />
http://veoh.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://metacafe.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://vimeo.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://revver.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://spike.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://vid.myspace.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://video.yahoo.<strong>com</strong>
and a plethora of alternatives... (2/2)<br />
http://motionbox.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://crackle.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://jumpcut.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://kaltura.<strong>com</strong>
New opportunities exist in the middle and<br />
end of the distribution demand curve<br />
Popularity<br />
Big Hits<br />
Mainstream<br />
Revenue is most<br />
important<br />
Fat Middle / Niche Media<br />
http://thelongtail.<strong>com</strong><br />
Long Tail, Ultra-Niche<br />
Personal Media<br />
Community is most<br />
important
Open Television Network provides a<br />
distribution platform for the fat middle<br />
of the long tail.<br />
Open Television Network<br />
iTunes Portable Media Devices<br />
KlickTab from Open Television Network provides end-user convenience of video through iTunes and<br />
provides media makers a way to get paid by using the video podcast subscription feature of iTunes.<br />
http://opentelevisionnetwork.<strong>com</strong>
IndiePix.net disk factory<br />
http://indiepix.<strong>com</strong>
There are many DVD fulfillment options<br />
http://indieflix.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://createspace.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://netflix.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://b-side.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://filmbaby.<strong>com</strong>
Several services for streaming media or<br />
download-to-own and you keep 70+%<br />
http://indiepix.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://jaman.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://jalipo.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://superindiefilms.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://caachi.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://b-side.<strong>com</strong>
Four <strong>Eye</strong>d Monsters: online marketing<br />
test case for Distributionlab<br />
http://www.withoutabox.<strong>com</strong>/<br />
http://foureyedmonsters.<strong>com</strong>
The Workbook Project: learn from others,<br />
share your experiences<br />
http://workbookproject.<strong>com</strong>/<br />
A free resource for content creators, the<br />
workbook is meant to be spread and<br />
edited, content creators can add their own<br />
info, war stories, advice etc. The hope is<br />
that the workbook will grow as a resource.
quarterlife: episodic + online <strong>com</strong>munity<br />
produced with tv production values<br />
http://quarterlife.<strong>com</strong>
Gravityland: a New England indie series,<br />
weekly episodes and daily blog<br />
http://gravityland.<strong>com</strong>
Evolution of Web Video Standards<br />
Then<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
2006<br />
Now<br />
2007<br />
On2 VP6<br />
.flv Flash<br />
(Flash 8+)<br />
2008<br />
H.264<br />
.m4v MPEG4<br />
(QuickTime 7+)<br />
Real was the first viable streaming media server and became ubiquitous among early-adopters of streaming media.<br />
QuickTime was the first widely used <strong>com</strong>puter video format and the file format became the basis of the MPEG4 standard.<br />
Windows Media was attempt to displace QuickTime and Real, it enjoyed widespread use for a while, but is now eclipsed.<br />
Flash started off as pretty lame video within Flash but with move to Sorenson Spark in Flash 7 and On2 VP6 in Flash 8 it<br />
has <strong>com</strong>e into it’s own, it now offers near-universal support among browsers
Streaming vs. Progressive <strong>Download</strong><br />
What’s the delivery<br />
scheme?<br />
Is a special server<br />
required?<br />
Can user keep copy of<br />
the media to share?<br />
Can server track<br />
detailed usage data?<br />
Suitable for long form<br />
video?<br />
Overall image quality?<br />
Progressive <strong>Download</strong> Streaming Media<br />
<strong>Download</strong>s file to hard<br />
drive via HTTP<br />
No, any web server can<br />
be used<br />
Yes, files downloaded<br />
to user’s hard drive<br />
Streams file using<br />
RTSP<br />
A streaming media<br />
server is required<br />
No*<br />
No Yes<br />
No** Yes<br />
Not dependent on<br />
connection speed<br />
* Unless they run easy to obtain highjacking software<br />
** Technologies like Bitorrent support asynchronous downloads of large files<br />
Highly dependent on<br />
connection speed
Suggested Compression Settings<br />
Source Video<br />
Full Resolution, 24p<br />
(Progressive) Video<br />
Full Resolution, 60i<br />
Interlaced Video<br />
Compressor H.264 (M4V QuickTime) On2 VP6 (Flash 8, 9)<br />
Bit Rate (for progressive<br />
downloads)<br />
Frame Rate<br />
Key Frames<br />
800 kbps or more for better<br />
image quality<br />
30fps or 24fps (from material<br />
originated as 24)<br />
Automatic (hint w/<br />
<strong>com</strong>pression markers)<br />
400 kbps (for broadest<br />
playability)<br />
15fps or 12fps<br />
Automatic<br />
De-interlacing Method Motion Compensated Drop Field (works well when cutting<br />
resolution in half)<br />
Compressor Passes Two Pass One Pass<br />
CBR vs VBR<br />
VBR for Progressive<br />
<strong>Download</strong><br />
CBP for Streaming<br />
Audio 128 kbps Stereo (AAC/MP3) 64 kbps Mono (AAC/MP3)<br />
Target Size<br />
(ideal 1280x720 for AppleTV)<br />
Best Alternative<br />
640 x 480 SD 4:3 or<br />
640 x 360 SD 16:9<br />
320 x 240 4:3 or<br />
320 x 180 16x9<br />
Compression Tools: Visual Hub, On2 Flix, Apple QuickTime Pro, Apple Compressor, Sorenson Squeeze, Autodesk Cleaner, Episode Pro
Suggested Data Rates<br />
Connection<br />
Bandwidth<br />
Really Fast Connection 1024 kbps 850 kbps<br />
Fast Connection 768 kbps 620 kbps<br />
DSL Taget Connection 512 kbps 410 kbps<br />
Slow Connection 310 kbps 248 kbps<br />
Really Slow Connection 128 kbps 80 kbps<br />
Dial-up Connection 56 kbps 47 kbps<br />
Suggested Video<br />
Data Rate
Embed Flash video in you web site with the<br />
flexible JW FLV Media Player<br />
http://www.jeroenwijering.<strong>com</strong>/?page=wizard<br />
http://www.jeroenwijering.<strong>com</strong><br />
Flexible and easy configuration with online setup tool, source code, reasonable<br />
licensing fee, playlist capability, streaming or progressive download, etc.
Credits & Copyright Notice<br />
Is it a Macintosh II or is it a trivet?<br />
by Windell H. Oskay, evilmadscientist.<strong>com</strong><br />
http://flickr.<strong>com</strong>/photos/oskay/367843715/<br />
Odysseus<br />
by Nina Scaletti<br />
http://flickr.<strong>com</strong>/photos/blogher/434259632/<br />
Handycam<br />
by Kevin Chan<br />
http://www.flickr.<strong>com</strong>/photos/crumbs/113223965/<br />
WMMO<br />
by Lee Bennett<br />
http://www.flickr.<strong>com</strong>/photos/leebennett/388421489/<br />
Blue Foundation live<br />
by Stig Nygaard<br />
http://www.flickr.<strong>com</strong>/photos/stignygaard/12630269/<br />
Half Nelson audience at IFFB<br />
Courtesy of Adam Roffman, Independent Film Festival<br />
of Boston, http://www.iffb.org<br />
Old and the New<br />
by not so silent (e)<br />
http://flickr.<strong>com</strong>/photos/silent_e/384383735/<br />
All other photos by David Tamés<br />
http://flickr.<strong>com</strong>/photos/kino-eye/<br />
Video Clip, “The Great Hope” from<br />
Hearts of Darkness (1991)<br />
Copyright 2008 by David Tamés, Some Rights Reserved.<br />
Released under a Creative Commons Attribution-<br />
Non<strong>com</strong>mercial-Share Alike 3.0 License:<br />
http://creative<strong>com</strong>mons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/<br />
For attribution, link to: http://kino-eye.<strong>com</strong>/medianow-2007-opening/<br />
Most images are from Flickr and are used herein under<br />
the terms of a Creative Commons License, for details,<br />
please follow the links associated with each image.<br />
Screen shots and the American Cinematographer<br />
magazine cover are copyright by their respective<br />
owners and used herein under the guidelines of fairuse.<br />
Any reuse of this presentation must take this into<br />
consideration.<br />
David Tamés<br />
http://kino-eye.<strong>com</strong>
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