Opioids, Reward and Addiction: An Encounter of Biology ...

Holtzman SG (1976) Comparison of the effects of morphine, pentazocine, cyclazocine
and amphetamine on intracranial self-stimulation in the rat. Psychopharmacologia
46:223–227.
Holtzman SG (1997) Discriminative stimulus effects of buprenorphine in the rat.
Psychopharmacology 130:292–299.
Honkanen A, Vilamo L, Wegelius K, Sarviharju M, Hyytiä P and Korpi ER (1996)
Alcohol drinking is reduced by a (1)- but not by a -opioid receptor antagonist in
alcohol-preferring rats. Eur J Pharmacol 304:7–13.
Horowitz GP, Whitney G, Smith JC and Stephan FK (1977) Morphine ingestion:
Genetic control in mice. Psychopharmacology 52:119–122.
Houdi AA, Bardo MT and Van Loon GR (1989) Opioid mediation of cocaine-induced
hyperactivity and reinforcement. Brain Res 497:195–198.
Hovious JR and Peters MA (1985) Opiate self-administration in adult offspring of
methadone-treated female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 22:949–953.
Hubbell CL, Czirr SA, Hunter GA, Beaman CM, LeCann NC and Reid LD (1986)
Consumption of ethanol solution is potentiated by morphine and attenuated by
naloxone persistently across repeated daily administrations. Alcohol 3:39–54.
Hubbell CL, Czirr SA and Reid LD (1987) Persistence and specificity of small doses
of morphine on intake of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol 4:149–156.
Hubbell CL, Mankes RF and Reid LD (1993) A small dose of morphine leads rats to
drink more alcohol and achieve higher blood alcohol concentrations. Alcohol Clin
Exp Res 17:1040–1043.
Hubbell CL, Marglin SH, Spitalnic SJ, Abelson ML, Wild KD and Reid LD (1991)
Opioidergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic manipulations and rats’ intake of a
sweetened alcoholic beverage. Alcohol 8:355–367.
Hubner CB, Bain GT and Kornetsky C (1987) The combined effects of morphine and
d-amphetamine on the threshold for brain stimulation reward. Pharmacol Biochem
Behav 28:311–315.
Hubner CB and Koob GF (1990) The ventral pallidum plays a role in mediating
cocaine and heroin self-administration in the rat. Brain Res 508:20–29.
Hubner CB and Kornetsky C (1992) Heroin, 6-acetylmorphine and morphine effects
on threshold for rewarding and aversive brain stimulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther
260:562–567.
Hughes J, Smith TW, Kosterlitz HW, Fothergill LA, Morgan BA and Morris HR
(1975) Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent
opiate agonist activity. Nature (Lond) 258:577–580.
Hull CL (1943) Principles of Behavior, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
Hunter GA, Beaman CM, Dunn LL and Reid LD (1984) Selected opioids, ethanol and
intake of ethanol. Alcohol 1:43–46.
Hurd YL, Brown EE, Finlay JM, Fibiger HC and Gerfen CR (1992) Cocaine selfadministration
differentially alters, mRNA expression of striatal peptides. Mol
Brain Res 13:165–170.
Hurd YL and Herkelham M (1993) Molecular alterations in the neostriatum of
human cocaine addicts. Synapse 13:357–369.
Huston-Lyons D, Bain GT and Kornetsky C (1992) The effects of nicotine on the
threshold for rewarding brain stimulation in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav
41:755–759.
Hyytiä P (1993) Involvement of -opioid receptors in alcohol drinking by alcoholpreferring
AA rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 45:697–701.
Hyytiä P and Sinclair JD (1993) Responding for oral ethanol after naloxone treatment
by alcohol-preferring AA rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17:631–636.
Ishizuka Y, Rockhold RW, Hoskins B and Ho IK (1988) Cocaine-induced changes in
( 3 H)naloxone binding in brain membranes isolated from spontaneously hypertensive
and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Life Sci 43:2275–2282.
Itzhak Y (1993) Differential regulation of brain opioid receptors following repeated
cocaine administration to guinea pigs. Drug Alcohol Depend 33:53–59.
Ivanova S and Greenshaw AJ (1997) Nicotine-induced decreases in VTA electrical
self-stimulation thresholds: Blockade by haloperidol and mecamylamine but not
scopolamine or ondansetron. Psychopharmacology 134:187–192.
Iwamoto ET (1985) Place-conditioning properties of -, -, and -opioid agonists.
Alcohol Drug Res 6:327–339.
Iwamoto ET (1988) Dynorphin A [1–17] induces “reward” in rats in the place
conditioning paradigm. Life Sci 43:503–508.
Iwamoto K and Klaassen CD (1977) First pass effect of morphine in rats. J Pharmacol
Exp Ther 200:236–244.
Izenwasser S and Kornetsky C (1989) The effect of amfonelic acid or nisoxetine in
combination with morphine on brain-stimulation reward. Pharmacol Biochem
Behav 32:983–986.
Jackler F, Steiner SS, Bodnar RJ, Arkermann RF, Nelson WT and Ellman SJ (1979)
Morphine and intracranial self-stimulation in the hypothalamnus and dorsal
brainstem: Differential effects of dose, time and site. Int J Neurosci 9:21–35.
Jacob JJ, Tremblay EC and Colombel MC (1974) Enhancement of nociceptive reactions
by naloxone in mice and rats. Psychopharmacologia 37:217–223.
Jaffe JH (1990) Drug addiction and drug abuse, in The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics (Goodman Gilman A, Rall TW, Nies AS and Taylor P eds) pp 522–
573, Pergamon Press, New York.
Jasinski DR (1977) Assessment of the abuse potentiality of morphine-like drugs
(methods used in man), in Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Martin WR
ed) vol. 45, pp 197–258, Springer-Verlag, New York..
Jenck F, Gratton A and Wise RA (1987) Opioid receptor subtypes associated with
ventral tegmental facilitation of lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation reward.
Brain Res 423:34–38.
Johanson CE and Balster RL (1978) A summary of the results of a drug selfadministration
study using substitution procedures in rhesus monkeys. Bull Narc
30:43–54.
Johnson M, Bush LG, Gibb JW and Hanson GR (1991) Blockade of the 3,4methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced
changes in neurotensin and dynorphin
A systems. Eur J Pharmacol 193:367–367 167 .
Johnson PI, Goodman JB, Condon R and Stellar JR (1995a) Reward shifts and motor
responses following microinjections of opiate-specific agonists into either the core
or shell of the nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology 120:195–202.
OPIOIDS, REWARD AND ADDICTION 389
Johnson PI and Stellar JR (1994) Comparison of -opiate receptor agonist induced
reward and motor effects between the ventral pallidum and dorsal striatum.
Neuropharmacology 33:1171–1182.
Johnson PI, Stellar JR and Paul AD (1993) Regional reward differences within the
ventral pallidum are revealed by microinjections of a -opiate receptor agonist.
Neuropharmacology 32:1305–1314.
Johnson RE, Eissenberg T, Stitzer ML, Strain EC, Liebson IA and Bigelow GE
(1995b) A placebo controlled clinical trial of buprenorphine as a treatment for
opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 40:17–25.
Johnson SW and North RA (1992) Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization
of local interneurons. J Neurosci 12:483–488.
Jones BE and Prada JA (1977) Effects of methadone and morphine on drug-seeking
behavior in the dog. Psychopharmacology 54:109–112.
Kakidani H, Furutani Y, Takahashi H, Noda M, Morimoto Y, Hirose T, Asai M,
Inayama S, Nakanishi S and Numa S (1982) Cloning and sequence analysis of
cDNA for porcine -neo-endorphin/dynorphin precursor. Nature (Lond) 298:245–
249.
Kalivas PW and Stewart J (1991) Dopamine transmission in the initiation and
expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity. Brain Res
Rev 16:223–244.
Kamata K, Yoshida S and Kameyama T (1986) Antagonism of footshock stressinduced
inhibition of intracranial self-stimulation by naloxone or methamphetamine.
Brain Res 371:197–200.
Kamei J, Ohsawa M, Suzuki T and Nagase H (1997) Modification of morphineinduced
place preference by diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 337:137–145.
Katz RJ (1981) Identification of a novel class of central reward sites showing a
delayed and cumulative response to opiate blockade. Pharmacol Biochem Behav
15:131–134.
Katz RJ and Gormezano G (1979) A rapid and inexpensive technique for assessing
the reinforcing effects of opiate drugs. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 11:231–233.
Kelleher RT (1966) Conditioned reinforcement in second-order schedules. J Exp
Psychol Anim Behav 20:475–485.
Kelley KL and Reid LD (1977) Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation: Morphine
and thresholds for positive intracranial reinforcement. Bull Psychonom Soc
10:298–300.
Kelsey JE and Arnold SR (1994) Lesions of the dorsomedial amygdala, but not the
nucleus accumbens, reduce the aversiveness of morphine withdrawal in rats.
Behav Neurosci 108:1119–1127.
Kelsey JE, Carlezon WA Jr and Falls WA (1989) Lesions of the nucleus accumbens
in rats reduce opiate reward but do not alter context-specific opiate tolerance.
Behav Neurosci 103:1327–1334.
Khachaturian H, Lewis EJ, Schafer MK and Watson SJ (1985) Anatomy of the CNS
opioid systems. Trends Neurosci 3:111–119.
Khazan N, Young GA and Calligaro D (1983) Self-administration of dynorphin-[1–
13] and D-ala 2 -dynorphin-[1–11] (-opioid agonists) in morphine (-opioid agonist)-dependent
rats. Life Sci 33 (Suppl 1):559–562.
Kieffer BL, Befort K, Gaveriaux-Ruff C and Hirth CG (1992) The -opioid receptor:
Isolation of a cDNA by expression cloning and pharmacological characterization.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:12048–12052.
Kilbey MM and Ellinwood EH Jr (1980) Self-administration of morphine in the cat.
Int J Addict 15:447–460.
Kim HS, Jang CG and Park WK (1996) Inhibition by MK-801 of morphine-induced
conditioned place preference and postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity
in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 55:11–17.
Kim HS, Park WK, Jang CG, Oh KW, Kong JY, Oh S, Rheu HM, Cho DH and Kang
SY (1997) Blockade by naloxone of cocaine-induced hyperactivity, reverse tolerance
and conditioned place preference in mice. Behav Brain Res 85:37–46.
King AC, Volpicelli JR, Frazer A and O’Brien CP (1997) Effect of naltrexone on
subjective alcohol response in subjects at high and low risk for future alcohol
dependence. Psychopharmacology 129:15–22.
Kivastik T, Rutkauskaite J and Zharkovsky A (1996) Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition
attenuates morphine-induced place preference. Pharmacol Biochem Behav
53:1013–1015.
Kiyatkin EA (1995) Functional significance of mesolimbic dopamine. Neurosci Biobehav
Rev 19:573–598.
Kiyatkin EA and Rebec GV (1997) Activity of presumed dopamine neurons in the
ventral tegmental area during heroin self-administration. Neuroreport 8:2581–
2585.
Kiyatkin EA, Wise RA and Gratton A (1993) Drug- and behavior-associated changes
in dopamine-related electrochemical signals during intravenous heroin selfadministration
in rats. Synapse 14:60–72.
Klein LC, Popke EJ and Grunberg NE (1997) Sex differences in effects of predictable
and unpredictable footshock on fentanyl self-administration in rats. Exp Clin
Psychopharmacol 5:99–106.
Klitenick MA, De Witte P and Kalivas PW (1992) Regulation of somatodendritic
dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area by opioids and GABA: An in vivo
microdialysis study. J Neurosci 12:2623–2632.
Knapp CM and Kornetsky C (1996) Low-dose apomorphine attenuates morphineinduced
enhancement of brain stimulation reward. Pharmacol Biochem Behav
55:87–91.
Knapp RJ, Malatynska E, Collins N, Fang L, Wang JY, Hruby VJ, Roeske WR and
Yamara HI (1995) Molecular biology and pharmacology of cloned opioid receptors.
FASEB J 9:516–525.
Koob GF (1992) Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward
pathways. Trends Pharmacol Sci 13:177–184.
Koob GF and Le Moal M (1997) Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation.
Science (Wash DC) 278:52–58.
Koob GF, Pettit HO, Ettenberg A and Bloom FE (1984) Effects of opiate antagonists
and their quaternary derivatives on heroin self-administration in the rat. J Pharmacol
Exp Ther 229:481–486.
Koob GF, Stinus L, Le Moal M and Bloom FE (1989a) Opponent process theory of