Guidance for Conducting Risk Assessments and Related Risk ...

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1.4 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILTIES Project Managers: After projects have been identified (see Section 2) and subcontracts have been awarded, the Bechtel Jacobs Company LLC project managers are responsible for: • defining the scope of work to be performed, • ensuring that the statement of work for any subcontracts includes the stipulation that the guidelines outlined in this document are implemented, • ensuring that the subcontractor identifies a qualified Risk Assessment Technical Lead (RATL) at the onset of the project, • ensuring that the RATL is qualified to perform/manage the task, and • approving deviations from the guidelines in this document. Risk Assessment Technical Lead: The contractor responsible for the risk assessment or related risk activities for a project will appoint a RATL at the onset of a project from within their organization. The RATL is responsible for: • ensuring that all risk assessment and related risk activities comply with the guidelines outlined in this document, • ensuring appropriate review by the RAB of any site-specific exposure parameters or scenarios that are developed during the course of a project, and • ensuring appropriate technical review of risk assessment reports. Risk Advisory Board: The RAB is comprised of representatives from DOE-ORO; Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC; and the subcontractors who are currently performing risk assessments or related risk activities for the DOE-ORO. The primary functions of the RAB are: • to ensure technical review of methodologies, proposed site-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, and risk assessment reports [e.g., RI/FS reports, Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CAs), and other documents containing an evaluation of risk]; and • to approve deviations from the guidelines in this document. 1.5 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION This document has been organized as follows: Section 2: The DOE-ORO EM approach to environmental restoration is discussed and differences between the ORR and Paducah and Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plants are noted, including references to guidance materials for Paducah and Portsmouth. Also discussed is the role of risk assessment in the RI/FS process at the ORR. Section 3: The current environmental management programs are described, and the role of risk assessment in each of these programs is delineated. 4
Section 4: A more detailed discussion of the risk assessment process is provided,including deviations and clarifications that have been made on Region IV EPA guidance and risk assessment application on the ORR. Section 5: A detailed discussion of screening risk assessment methods is provided. In particular, screening with risk-based, Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRGs) and integration point assessments are discussed. Section 6: An overview of baseline risk assessment methods is discussed. Section 7: An overview of the role of risk assessment in the FS, remedial design/remedial action, Record of Decision (ROD), and five year review of the ROD is outlined. Section 8: An overview of the tools available on the RAIS World Wide Web site is presented. The Appendices provide more detailed technical information regarding data evaluation, background comparison, exposure units definition, etc. The appendices are listed below. Appendix A: Risk Assessment Technical Memoranda Appendix B: Data Evaluation Appendix C: Background Comparison Appendix D: Guide for Air Dispersion Modeling for Risk Assessment Appendix E: Guide for Groundwater Modeling for Risk Assessment Appendix F: Food Chain Models for Risk Assessment Appendix G: Guide for Determining Exposure Units Appendix H: Uncertainties Associated With the Residential Risk Pathway Models for Soil and Groundwater Appendix I: Integration Point Assessment Method 5
Page 1 and 2: BJC/OR-271 Guidance for Conducting
Page 3 and 4: Guidance for Conducting Risk Assess
Page 5 and 6: 5.1 COMPARISON TO RISK-BASED PRELIM
Page 7 and 8: ACRONYMS ARARs Applicable or Releva
Page 9 and 10: 1. INTRODUCTION The U.S. Department
Page 11: Risk assessments and related risk a
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Applicable regulatory and
Page 17 and 18: Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant: Th
Page 19 and 20: Site Evaluation Remedial Investigat
Page 21 and 22: Removal Site Evaluation Removal Act
Page 23 and 24: The results of these risk analyses
Page 25 and 26: 3. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT A
Page 27 and 28: 3.3 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND DEMO
Page 29 and 30: 4.1 DATA EVALUATION The first step
Page 31 and 32: S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Y
Page 33 and 34: End Use Category Table 6. End Use W
Page 35 and 36: database incorporates information n
Page 37 and 38: Scenarios of Concern. Total noncarc
Page 39 and 40: The guidelines in this document dic
Page 41 and 42: 6. BASELINE HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSES
Page 43 and 44: Note: Remedial Goal Options (RGOs)
Page 45 and 46: Spatial Anaysis and Decision Assist
Page 47 and 48: EPA. 1991d. Appendix D of RAGS, Vol
Page 49 and 50: APPENDIX A RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNICA
Page 51 and 52: ES/ER/TM-28 The Use of Institutiona
Page 53 and 54: spatially homogeneous, factors to a
Page 55 and 56: ES/ER/TM-33/R2 by providing more sp
Page 57 and 58: K/ER-153/R1 Baseline Risk Assessmen
Page 59 and 60: Sections B.1 through B.5 provided i
Page 61 and 62: evaluated by comparison to the repo
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slope factor for 234 Th ( 234 Th do
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emaining analyses (since it had a l
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Analytes for which the maximum dete
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This guidance directs the user thro
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where: x = arithmetic mean of the b
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APPENDIX D GUIDE FOR AIR DISPERSION
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D.2 LAND USE—EXPOSURE SCENARIOS E
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Source Solidification/ Stabilizatio
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a certain depth of space. Two basic
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preclude the use of techniques for
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Technology-specific emission rates
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D-14 APPLICATION: Type Table D.4. S
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D-16 METEOROLOGY: RASCAL MILDOS- AR
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D.4.1.1 Screening-level codes D.4.1
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strongly recommended that external
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The primary difference between the
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1. source term 2. overland pathway
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Briggs, Klug, Brookhaven, St. Louis
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D-28 Table D.5. Atmospheric transpo
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D-30 Attributes CD M Table D.5. (co
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Only portions of the source area th
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D.4.2.2.3 CTDMPLUS The Complex Terr
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D.5. PARAMETERS The major input dat
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D.5.1.1.1 Wind directions In the va
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Table D.7. Meteorological data avai
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The EPA (1988) provides guidance on
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Input CAP88- PC Leafy Vegetables (K
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D.8. REFERENCES ANL (Argonne Nation
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Thibodeaux, L. J. 1989. Theoretical
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Table D.10. Baseline emission rate
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Table D.11. Remedial technologies t
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Table D.14. VOC emission rates for
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Title EPA and NTIS No. Date Estimat
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E.1 INTRODUCTION As one of the prim
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emedial decisions. Establishing a r
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Table E.2. Purpose of model selecti
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eview information from other simila
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its associated uncertainty, the tea
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E.4 REFERENCES Droppo, J. G., J. W.
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F.1 INTRODUCTION Human health risks
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F.2 PLANT MODELS For a complete ana
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Table F.1. (continued) Parameter De
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subsequently deposited on plant sur
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a major concern. F.2.1.2 Plant upta
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F.3 ANIMAL MODELS F.3.1 General Mod
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Table F.2. Recommended default valu
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f p = faction of the year the anima
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closely match the plant types of in
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consumption to a dry-weight basis b
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fat content of a cow (25%) and mult
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pasture, and dairy cattle obtain 60
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4.2.8 Fraction of daily water intak
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Hoffman, F. O., U. Bergstrom, C. Gy
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Peterson, H. T. ,. Jr.. 1983. Terre
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G.1. INTRODUCTION Calculation of th
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G.2.1 Soil Determining the size of
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Site Concentration 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Frequency Frequency Frequency 12000
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Stream G-11 Park Lake or River Figu
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More likely, contamination of sedim
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G.2.3 Groundwater The determination
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uncertainty analysis. G.2.4 Surface
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Figure G.12. ORNL groundwater risk
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G.2.4.1 Recommendations After selec
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G.3.2 Traditional Approach The firs
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G.3.3 Division of Data and the Bonf
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of giving smaller weights to areas
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Figure G.16. Variography of the exa
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5 Figure G.17. Kriged map of contam
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Northing 150 125 100 75 50 25 10 20
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concluded that the DL/2 method was
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The simulation presented in Sect. G
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By defining contamination boundarie
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Gilbert, R. 1987. Statistical Metho
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H.1. INTRODUCTION The quantitative
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(Andelman 1990) K p permeability co
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only (yr) 6 (child) (EPA 1991a) EF
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Table H.1. Uncertain parameters and
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values. These values are used in th
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Table H.4. Results of the uncertain
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and 12%, respectively) on the predi
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parameters that pertains to the adu
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While this methodology could be app
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EPA. 1991a. Risk Assessment Guidanc
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The first step in performing the in
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