lake management – aeratIon aIrmax - Water Landscape Supply

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pond tIps 132 algae In ponds In the most general terms, pond algae can be divided into two types: sIngle cell & strIng algae. sIngle cell algae microscopic single cell algae causes pond water to turn a pea soup, green color. they will appear when nutrients, sunlight, and water are present. they are so small that it is not possible to simply “filter” them out of pond water. metHods oF remoVal • Flocculants • UV Clarifiers • reduce food source • algaecide • Ben. bacteria & plants help by reducing nutrients needed for algae to survive nItrogen cycle In garden ponds FIsH can take care oF tHemselVes, IF pond-keepers take care oF water! 8. aquatIc plants aBsorB nutrIents 7. nItrogen gas released into atmosphere. 6. nItrates strIng/FIlamentous algae string algae often appears in clear pond water. It attaches itself to rock in streambeds and waterfalls. also to sides of rocks inside pond. Blanketweed is another form of string algae. It rises to the surface of pond during heat of the day and sinks when water cools. metHods oF remoVal • products that remove organic debris • algaecide • pond Vacuum • Brush/twister 1. FIsH waste & decomposIng deBrIs 5. BeneFcIal BacterIa (nitrobacter sp.) 2. ammonIa 3. BeneFIcIal BacterIa (nitrosomonas sp.) 4. nItrItes Bad water qualIty (ammonIa, nItrItes, & nItrates) Bad water quality through oVerstockIng, or Improper FIltratIon creates opportunistic environments for disease/pathogens to take their toll on fish in a pond. mecHanIcal FIltratIon when water is pumped through some type of filter material for the removal of suspended debris. Filter material in a pond is usually in two locations: • One is usually located in filter or filter falls • Second filter is setup to remove debris before water enters the pump These filter pads will need to be cleaned periodically to allow unrestricted flow of pond water. single cell algae is so small that removing it by mechanical filtration is not possible without the use of flocculants. • removes large, medium, small solids • commonly found in skimmers/falls • media • mats • Foam • Plastic • Pump pre-filters pHotologIcal FIltratIon Photological filtration or more commonly referred to as uV lights is a process in which water passes through & is exposed to ultraviolet light. exposure time or dwell time in conjunction to the wattage dictates the effectiveness of photological filtration. • uV lights • Clarifier [lower watts per flow (gph)] • Sterilizer [higher watts per flow (gph)] aquatic plants are an essential part of ponds & water gardens to balance the ecosystem. suggested plant coVerage: 1/3 to 1/2 surface area coverage Increased plant load: yields increased oxygen (do) during the day, but too much plant load can cause oxygen deprivation at night. especially dangerous for ponds w/high fish & high plant loads. low plant load yields increased nitrates (fertilizer) which increases the likeness for algae. FIltratIon tIps plant tIps BIologIcal FIltratIon Beneficial bacteria colonizes on hard surfaces and water is pumped in and around that area. the bacteria helps break down ammonia and nitrites to less harmful nitrates. In some cases, denitrification occurs allowing nitrates to be broken down even further to nitrogen gas. this helps provide a healthier environment for fish. In addition, when nutrients are removed from a pond, it is more difficult for single cell algae to take over the pond. media used to colonize bacteria are usually cleaned only at the end of the season. Biological filtration occurs best when water is free of debris (after mechanical filtration). • Bacteria converts toxins to safer & usable substance (fertilizer) • waterfall box • canister • Bio-media: Balls, ribbons, shavings • Foam mats • plastic mats cHemIcal FIltratIon Chemical filtration utilizes phosphate binders, zeolite, or activated carbon to remove or bind impurities. In some cases ozone ionizers are used for oxidation & the “cleansing” process. water lIlIes: • tropicals (Fragrant) - day Blooming - night Blooming • Hardy Floaters: • water Hyacinth • water lettuce • azolla • duckweed • Frogbit • algaecides • zeolite • activated carbon • ozone Ionizers 2009 www.waterlandscapesupply.com toll Free 877.266.8181 • Fax 515.266.8999 lotuses: • traditional • miniature (“Bowl” lotuses) suBmerged (“oxygenators”): • anacharis • Hornwort • cabomba margInal (“bog” plants): • Hardy - cattail - Iris - Sweetflag • tropical - giant papyrus - umbrella palm - water canna pond tIps 133
pond tIps 134 ultraVIolet clarIFIers there are multiple uses for ultraviolet lights in a pond application. uV’s in the water gardening/koi keeping hobby are either used as a clarifier or as a sterilizer. the biggest difference is the amount of watts in comparison to the dwell time (which is directly related to the flow rate). UVs in general are easily broken down by the wattage of the bulb. More specifically uVs are based on a micro watt second/cubic centimeter. some determInIng Factors are: • water clarity • quality of the quartz sleeve • cleanliness of the quartz sleeve • age of the uV bulb • Reflective quality of the interior • travel distance through the tube • radius of the water passing thru the uV • rate of reproduction of the target organism uVcs create clear pond water (IF INSTALLeD PRoPeRLy) “estImatIng” runnIng cost quIck pump energy cost guIde watts x .876 = annual cost example: 750 watts x .876 = $657/year $657/year ÷ 12 = $54.75/month matala p. 12 danner p. 16 aqua ultraVIolet p. 21-22 uVcs aVaIlaBle usIng uVcs as a clarIFIer As a clarifier, UVs can directly damage organisms cell wall and/or DNA structure & allow for easier collection. In the case of water gardening, single cell algae’s damaged cell wall allows each cell to stick to another. This process allows numerous single cell algae to clump together (flocculate) which can then be caught in filter media. UVs can only affect what is directly exposed to the light & therefore hold no residual effects “downstream”. what this means is algae such as string algae cannot be eradicated from uV treatment alone. Importance oF contact tIme On many brands of UVs you will notice a max flow for clarifier & max flow for sterilizer. Passing water through a uV system will not allow an appropriate dwell time & therefore will not work. refer to the diagram showing an appropriate (non-invasive) bypass for a uV unit. oase p. 48 saVIo p. 53 tetra p. 41 conVersIons & Formulas Length 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 in = 25.4 mm 1 ft = 30 cm Area 1 acre = 43,560 sq ft 1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons Weight 1 lb = 0.45 kg Volume 1 Gallon = 3.8 L Power 1 HP = 746 Watts Watts = Amps x Volts Amps = Watts ÷ Volts tdH (total dynamic Head) total lift in feet that a pump will produce, combining vertical lift from surface of pond plus friction lost in tubing & fittings. Bep (Best Efficiency Point) point on a centrifugal pump performance curve at which the pump is designed to work and has the most efficient use of electricity. (see chart below.) Choose Choose Larger Pump 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Optimal optimal Operating operating Range Use Smaller Pump or a Ball Valve 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 Flow (GPH) 2009 www.waterlandscapesupply.com toll Free 877.266.8181 • Fax 515.266.8999 Head (ft) gallons per cuBIc Foot sIzIng pump to pond 1 ft 1 ft one cubic Foot of water = 7.48 gallons (7.5 often used) pump related terms 1 ft general pump Facts although Hp ratings designate the amount of energy consumed in a given pump application, it is NEVER a fair analysis of flow and output. electrically we refer to wattage consumption as that is what we pay to the electric company! HP 1 HP = 746 Watts Amps Watts ÷ Volts Watts Volts x Amps Volts Watts ÷ Amps 1 PSI 2.31’ Head PSI Total Head ÷ 2.31 Max. Maximum lift that Head pump moves water through tubing Best: turn water once per Hour (mInImum: turn water every two hours) aFFected By graVIty 140 gpH at 1’ Strongest Flow Head HeIgHt at 2’ Reduced Flow at 4’ More Reduced water Is HeaVy: eacH gallon weIgHs oVer 8 lbs! aFFected By FrIctIon 3/8” 1/2” 3/4” pond tIps at 6’ Max. Head the 3 containers each collected the discharge from a 700 gpH pump for 10 seconds. tubing size was the only difference. too small of tubing may restrict flow of water dramatically. tuBIng selectIon cHart Tubing Size (Inside Dia.) example: 2500 gallon pond pump needs to perform at 2500 gpH after considering length of tubing and pumping height. (see Below) only a certain amount of water can physically fit through any given diameter of tubing. despite the dimensions of a pumps discharge, size tubing based on amount of flow required. 1/2” 300 3/4” 720 Max Flow (GPH) 1” 1200 1 1/4” 2000 1 1/2” 3000 Tubing Size (Inside Dia.) Max Flow (GPH) 2” 4800 2 1/2” 6000 3” 9000 4” 12000 135
Page 1 and 2: aIrmax 98 specIalty sprayer Designe
Page 3 and 4: lIgHtIng 102 pond lIgHts Part Numbe
Page 5 and 6: specIal purcHase - wHIle supplIes l
Page 7 and 8: koI specIalty 110 40 35 30 25 20 15
Page 9 and 10: tuBIng 114 Part Number Description
Page 11 and 12: pVc FIttIngs 118 cHeck ValVes (slIp
Page 13 and 14: calaIs • acrylIc sHeer Falls 122
Page 15 and 16: calaIs • water Features 126 Hudso
Page 17: pond tIps 130 pressure Filter UV Cl
Page 21 and 22: pond tIps 138 pond weeds algae deFe

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