Nucl.Data Tables 7

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VII. VIII. IX. X. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 235 II. UNITS ............................................................ ...... 235 III. GENERAL DISCUSSION OF tlEAVY - ION ENERGY LOSS .......................... ".. 235 IV. GENERATION OF ELECTRONIC STOPPING - POWER TABLES ......................... 237 A. Method B. Master Stopping - Power Curves for Representative Ions in Aluminum C. Stopping Power of Representative Media Relative to Aluminum D. Fitting the Aluminum Master Curves E. Interpolation to Other Ions F. Interpolation to Other Media G. Stopping Power of Compounds It. Calculation of Stopping - Power Tables I. Electronic vs Total Stopping Power V. GENERATION OF RANGE TABLES ............................................. 245 A Numerical Integration of Electronic Stopping Power B. Correction for Nuclear Stopping C. Multiple Scattering and Straggling VI. USE OF TABLES AND CURVES ................... .. ~ ......................... 246 A. Conversion for Different Ions B. Conversion of Units COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA ...................................... 246 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ............................................... 249 REFERENCES ............................................................ 249 RANGE AND STOPPING - POWER DATA ......................................... 252 Tables I and II: Conversion Example and Factors Tables: Stopping - Power and Range Tables for Twenty- Four Media (see Abstract) for All Ions, I ~z ~ 103 Figures 14- 17: Range- Energy Curves for Various Ions in Al, Ag, Ta, and U 234
i. INTRODUCTION The problem of determining the energy loss suf- fered by charged particles as they pass through material media has presented a long-standing and continuing chal- lenge to both theorists and experimentalists. A major part of the attention has been focused on particles no more massive than the alpha particle. With the expand- ing interest in reactions involving heavier ions the need for range and stopping-power information for these ions has become urgent. Since all possible heavy ions and a large number of material media are of interest and since the range-energy relation differs for every ion and material medium, the number of range-energy curves re- quired is extremely large, too large to be determined theoretically or experimentally on an individual basis. Fortunately, the stopping power is a relatively smoothly varying function of the atomic number, mass, and velocity of the ion and of the atomic constitution of the absorber. In a 1963 review I the theoretical guidelines for correlating existing data were discussed, and a method of predicting unknown stopping powers and ranges was proposed. This method was used later 2 to generate range-energy curves for ions of atomic number 2~z~
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E 0 E v bd CD Z rr" NORTHCLIFFE AND
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04 E O E ILl (.9 Z rr NORTIICLIFFE
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