Laboratories, Inc. - Alaska Resources Library and Information Services

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APPENDICES I:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Water Quality Report and 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Water Temperature Analysis
3. Load Forecast (POW Market)
4. Financial Feasibility
5. Cost Estimate
6. Hydrology Report
7. Operational Model
8. Hunting and Fishing Survey
9. Permit Applications
1o. Field Study Results
11. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan (ESCP)
12. Regional Energy Plan
13. Agency Consultation List
APPENDICES II:
TABLE OF CONTENTS

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cum: Aluta Power & T.l.ptone
P.o. lox 222
1" Otto Street
Port T""" 1M 91361
Am : Cilen Rartfn
Work 10 : Wolf Lu.
T.ken By : Cllent
Transported bv: Alaska Air cargo 027 30640735
Type : wat.r
SAWlE lDDTlFlCATlOI:
$allpl.
Description
01 VOL f L.ke
COIlEIITS 01 SAMPLE RECEIPT:
Certificate of Analysi.
Work Ordert : 97·09-4]4
DATE I£CEIVED : 09/16197
DATE Of IEPClIT: 10/02J97
Collection
D.t.
09/11/97 15:00
S8IIples ..... collected on 9/11/97, but not received .t the labor.tory W\tH
9/16197. The client dfrected ua to proceed with the _lysfs of par_t.ra
received outside holdtl_. Th. following par_ten were received outsfde
holding ti. for the _lysis: D, ChlorOfll!yll-., pII, Turbidity and Tot.l and
Fecal ColifOl'll.
FLAGGING:
The flag Y indic.tes the _lyte of interest ... not detected, to the l i.ft of
detectfon indicated.
AnACIlEIITS:
Following present.tion of HllPl. results, the follCllling appendlc...re .ttached
to this report:
Appendix A: Method Ilenk Report
Appendix I: MS/MSD Md Duplicate RePort
Appendix C: Ilenk Spike and Standard Reference ICIiteri.l Report
Appendix D: Chain-of-CUstody

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Lake Temperature
Wolf Lake
FERC,,1 1508,,000
The Applicant has collected temperature data on the lake. The temperatures
were taken at various depths on November 7, 1997. The data collected is
shown on Table 1 and the attached graph.
The temperatures in the lake from the surface to a depth of 20 feet only
varied + .08 degrees C. The overall temperature profile down to a depth of
210 feet showed very stable temperatures down to a depth of 35 feet with a
variation ·of + .12 degrees C. The overall temperature difference between the
surface and at 210 feet was 1.68 degrees C.
With the change to the project design to a run-of-river mode of operation,
with an impoundment at the last pond (Lower Pond) in the pond system
below the lake, water temperatures will not differentiate between what is
withdrawn from the pond and what is discharged above the anadromous
reach.

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Table 1.
Wolflake
Temperature Measurements
.. November7,.t991
Depth Temp. C
o 5.85
5 5.9
10 5.9
15 6.01
20 5.93
25 5.99
30 5.93
35 5.97
40 5.45
45 5.25
50 4.8
55 4.67
60 4.45
65 4.38
70 4.31
75 4.26
80 4.21
85 4.25
90 4.21
95 4.17
100 4.18
Depth Temp. C
105 4.16
110 4.13
115 4.15
120 4.15
125 4.15
130 4.1
135 4.12
140 4.1
145 4.13
150 4.14
155 4.13
160 4.13
165 4.13
170 4.15
175 4.15
180 4.18
185 4.1
190 4.18
195 4.19
200 4.16
205 4.13
210 4.17

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Lake Temperature
Wolf Lake
.f'ERC-l1·508-000
The Applicant has collected temperature data on the lake. The temperatures
. were taken at various depths on November 7, 1997. The data collected is
shown on Table 1 and the attached graph.
The temperatures in the lake from the surface to a depth of 20 feet only
varied + .08 degrees C. The overall temperature profile down to a depth of
210 feet showed very stable temperatures down to a depth of 35 feet with a
variation of + .12 degrees C. The overall temperature difference between the
surface and at 210 feet was 1.68 degrees C.
With the change to the project design to a run-of-river mode of operation,
with an impoundment at the last pond (Lower Pond) in the pond system
below the lake.. water temperatures will not differentiate between what is
withdrawn from the pond and what is discharged above the anadromous
reach.

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Table 1.
Wolflake
Temperature Measurements
. ·November-7,1997-
Depth Temp. C Depth Temp. C
0 5.85 105 4.16
5 5.9 110 4.13
10 5.9 115 4.15
15 6.01 120 4.15
20 5.93 125 4.15
25 5.99 130 4.1
30 5.93 135 4.12
35 5.97 140 4.1
40 5.45 145 4.13
45 5.25 150 4.14
50 4.8 155 4.13
55 4.67 160 4.13
60 4.45 165 4.13
65 4.38 170 4.15
70 4.31 175 4.15
75 4.26 180 4.18
80 4.21 185 4.1
85 4.25 190 4.18
90 4.21 195 4.19
95 4.17 200 4.16
100 4.18 205 4.13
210 4.17

Table 2 Page1
Electrical load Prince of Wales Division
Craig ------
Ave. Growth
A@.8(AVE)
B@.5(AVE)
C@.25(AVE)
D@.01(AVE)
10.71 %
8.57%
5.36%
2.68%
0.11%
LOW
Expected Growth
97-2000
2001-20
2021-40
2.68%
0.75%
0.25%
Klawock
Ave. Growth
A@.8(AVE)
B@.5(AVE)
C@.25(AVE)
D@.01(AVE)
7.63% Expected Growth
6.10%
3.82%
1.91% 97-2000 1.91%
0.08% 2001-20 0.75%
2021-40 0.25%
83 3325 675 1521 400
84 4136 24.4% 800 18.5% 1740 14.4% 400 0.0%
85 4588 10.9%. 1020 27.5% 1928 10.8% 500 25.0%
86 4838 5.4% 960 -5.9% 2082 8.0% 450 -10.0%
87 5047 ".3% 1050 9.4% 2261 8.6% 450 0.0%
88 5733 13.6% 1078 2.7% 2352 4.0% 522 16.0%
89 6178 7.8% 1268 17.6% 2311 -1.7% 612 17.2%
90 7155 15.8% 1408 11.0% Actual 2495 8.0% 612 0.0% Actual
91 7402 3.5% 1354 -3.8% 2720 9.0% 666 8.8%
92 8232 11.2% 1354 0.0% 2934 7.9% 666 0.0%
93 8792 6.8% 1354 0.0% 3023 3.0°" 666 0.0%
94 9643 9.7% 1,354 0.0% 3945 30.5% 666 0.0%
95 10427 8.1% 1354 0.0% 4783 21.2% 666 0.0%
96 13217 26.8% 1364 0.8% 4534 -5.2% 666 0.0%
9 13 71 1800 31.9. 4620 .9. 666 .0.
98 13934 2.7% 1814 0.8% 4709 1.9% 666 0.0%
99 14308 2.7% 1827 0.8% Expected 4798 1.9% 666 0.0% Expected
2000 14691 2.7% 1841 0.8% 4890 1.9% 666 0.0%
2001 14801 0.8% 1855 0.8% 4927 0.8% 666 0.0%
2002 14912 0.8% 1869 0.8% 4964 0.8% 666 -0.0%
2003. 15024 0.8% 1883 0.8% 5001 0.8% 666 0.0%
2004 15137 0.8% 1897 0.8% 5038 0.8% 671 0.8%
2005 15250 0.8% 1911 0.8% 5076 0.8% 676 0.8%
2006 15365 0.8% 1925 0.8% 5114 0.8% 681 0.8%
2007 15480 0.8% 1940 0.8% 5153 0.8% 686 0.8%

Table 2 Page3
Hydaburg
----_..._--
Thome Bay
LOW
Ave. Growth 5.00% Expected Growth Ave. Growth 6.91% Expected Growth
A@.8(AVE) 2.40% A@.8(AVE) 5.53%
B@.5(AVE) 1.50% B@.5(AVE) 3.46%
C@.25(AVE) 'a.75% 97-2000 0.75% C@.25(AVE) 1.73% 97-2000 1.73%
D@.01(AVE) ,a.03% 2001-20 0.75% D@.01(AVE) 0.07% 2001-20 0.75%
2021-40 0.25% 2021-40 0.25%
83 1171 300 1260 300
84 1153 -1.5% 300 0.0% 1320 4.8% 350 16.7%
85 1072 -7.0% 300 0.0% 1380 4.5% 400 14.3%
86 1107 3.3% 300 0.0 0 /0 1460 5.8% 400 0.0%
87 1193 7.8% 300 0.0% 1302 -10.8% 400 0.0%
88 1274 6.8% 300 0.0% 1426 9.5% 400 0.0%
89 1205 -5.4% 330 10.0% 2046 43.5% 450 12.5%
90 1227 1.8% 340 3.0% Actual 1922 -6.1% 400 -11.1% Actual
91 1452 18.3% 370 8.8% 2000 4.1% 450 12.5%
92 1380 -5.0% 370 0.0% 2000 0.0% 450 0.0%
93 1426 3.3% 370 0.0% 2,210 10.5% 450 0.0%
94 1486 4.2% 370 0.0% 2,210 0.0% 450 0.0%
95 1486 0.0% 370 0.0% 2,286 3.4% 450 0.0%
96 1489 0.2% 373 0.8% 2450 7.2% 453 0.8%
9 00 O. 36 .80 2286 4 O. 0
98 1511 0.8% 378 0.8% 2100 -8.1% 460 0.8%
99 1523 0.8% 381 0.8% 2136 1.7% 464 0.8%
2000 1534 0.8% 384 0.8% 2173 1.7% 467 0.8%
2001 1546 0.8% 387 0.8% Expected 2189 0.8% 471 0.8% Expected
2002 1557 0.8% 390 0.8% 2206 0.8% 474 0.8%
2003 1569 0.8% 393 0.8% 2222 0.8% 478 0.8%
2004 1581 0.8% 396 0.8% 2239 0.8% 481 0.8%
2005 1593 0.8% 399 0.8% 2256 0.7% 485 0.8%
2006 1605 0.8% 402 0.8% 2273 0.8% 489 0.8%
2007 1617 0.8% 405 0.8% 2290 0.8% 492 0.8%

Table 2 Page6
i I
i _ ;__1
L-..--.i
2008 55 0.8% 3604 0.8% 20787 0.8% 2646 0.8%
2009 160 0.0% 56 0.8% 25068 0.7% 3631 0.7% 20943 0.8% 2665 0.8%
2010 160 0.0% 56 0.8% 25255 0.7% 3659 0.8% 21100 0.7% 2685 0.8%
2011 160 0.0% 56 0.8% 25443 0.7% 3686 0.8% 21258 0.8% 2706 0.8%
2012 160 0.0% 57 0.8% 25633 0.7% 3714 0.7% 21418 0.8% 2726 0.8%
2013 160 0.0% 57 0.8% 25824 0.7% 3742 0.8% 21578 0.8% 2746 0:8%
2014 160 0.0% 58 0.8% 26016 0.7% 3770 0.7% 21740 0.8% 2767 0.8%
2015 160 0.0% 58 0.8% 26210 0.7% 3798 0.8 0 /0. 21903 0.8% 2788 0.8%
2016 160 0.0% 58 0.8% 26406 0.7% 3826 0.8% 22068 0.8% 2809 0.8%
2017 160 0.0% 59 0.8% 26603 0.7% 3855 0.8% 22233 0.8% 2830 0.8%
2018 160 0.0% 59 0.8% 26801 0.7% 3884 0.8% 22400 0.8% 2851 0.8%
2019 160 0.0% 60 0.8% 27001 0.7% 3913 0.7% 22568 0.8% 2872 0.7%
2020 160 0.0% 60 0.8% 27202 0.7% 3942 0.8% 22737 0.8% 2894 0.8%
2021 160 0.00% 60 0.3% 27270 0.2% 3952 0.3% ,22794 0.3% 2901 0.3%
2022 160 0.00% 61 0.3% 27337 0.2% 3962 0.3% 22851 0.3% 2908 0.3%
2023 160 0.00% 61 0.3% 27405 0.2% 3972 0.3% 22908 0.3% 2915 0.3%
2024 160 0.00% 61 0.3% 27473 0.2% 3982 0.3% 22965 0.3% 2923 0.3%
2025 160 0.00% 61 0.3% 27542 0.2% 3992 0.3% 23023 0.3% 2930 0.3%
2026 160 0.00% 61 0.3% 27610 0.2% 4002 0.3% 23080 0.3% 2937 0:3%
2027 160 0.00% 61 0.3% 27679 0.2% 4012 0.3% 23138 0.3% 2945 0.3%
2028 160 0.00% 61 0.3% 27748 0.2% 4022 0.3% 23196 0.3% 2952 0.2%
2029 160 0.00% 62 0.3% 27817 0.2% 4032 0.3% 23254 0.3% 2959 0.3%
2030 160 0.00% 62 0.3% 27886 0.2% 4042 0.3% 23312 0.3% 2967 0.3%
2031 160 0.00% 62 0.3% 27955 0.2% 4052 0.3% 23370 0.3% 2974 0.3%
2032 160 0.00% 62 0.3% 28025 0.2% 4062 0.2% 23429 0.2% 2982 0.3%
2033 160 0.00% 62 0.3% 28094 0.2% 4072 0.3% 23487 0.3% 2989 0.3%
2034 160 0.00% 62 0.3% 28164 0.2% 4083 0.3% 23546 0.3% 2997 0.3%
2035 160 0.00% 63 0.3% 28234 0.2% 4093 0.3% 23605 0.3% 3004 0.3%
2038 160 0.00% 63 0.3% 28304 0.2% 4103 0.2% 23664 0.3% 3012 0.3%
2037 160 0.00% 63 0.3% 28375 0.2% 4113 0.3% 23723 0.3% 3019 0.3%
2038 160 0.00% 63 0.3% 28445 0.2% 4124 0.3% 23782 0.3% 3027 0.3%
2039 160 0.00% 63 0.3% 28516 0.2% 4134 0.3% 23842 0.3% 3034 0.3%
2040 160 0.00% 63 0.3% 28587 0.2% 4144 0.3% 23901 0.3% 3042 0.3%

Table 2 Page2
5509 1.5% 717 1.5%
2009 21556 1.5% 1668 1.5% 5591 1.5% 728 1.5%
2010 21880 1.5% 1693 1.5% 5675 1.5% 739 1.5%
2011 22208 1.5% 1718 1.5% 5760 1.5% 750 1.5%
2012 22541 1.5% 1744 1.5% 5847 1.5% 761 1.5%
2013 22879 1.5% 1770 1.5% 5934 1.5% n3 1.5%
2014 23222 1.5% 1797 1.5% 6023 1.5% 785 1.5%
2015 23571 1.5% 1824 1.5% 6114 1.5% 796 1.5%
2016 23924 1.5% 1851 1.5% 6205 1.5% 808 1.5%
2017 24283 1.5% 1879 1.5% 6298 1.5% 820 1.5%
2018 24647 1.5% 1907 1.5% 6393 1.5% 833 1.5%
2019 25017 1.5% 1936 1.5% 6489 1.5% 845 1.5%
2020 25392 1.5% 1965 1.5% 6586 1.5% 858 1.5%
2021 25519 0.5% 1974 0.5% 6619 0.5% 862 0.5%
2022 25647 0.5%' 1984 0.5% 6652 0.5% 866 0.5%
2023 25n5 0.5% 1994 0.5% 6685 0.5% 871 0.5%
2024 25904 0.5% 2004 0.5% 6719 0.5% 875 0.5%
2025 26034 0.5% 2014 0.5% 6752 0.5% 879 0.5%
2026 26164 0.5% 2024 0.5% 6786 0.5% 884 0.5%
2027 26295 0.5% 2034 0.5% 6820 0.5% 888 0.5%
2028 26426 0.5% 2045 0.5% 6854 0.5% 893 0.5%
2029 26558 0.5% 2055 0.5% 6889 0.5% 897 0.5%
2030 26691 0.5% 2065 0.5% 6923 0.5% 902 0.5%
2031 26824 0.5% 2075 0.5% 6958 0.5% 906 0.5%
2032 26958 0.5% 2086 0.5% 6992 0.5% 911 0.5%
2033 27093 0.5% 2096 0.5% 7027 0.5% 915 0.5%
2034 27229 0.5% 2107 0.5% 7062 0.5% 920 0.5%
2035 27365 0.5% 2117 0.5% 7098 0.5% 924 0.5%
2036 27502 0.5% 2128 0.5% 7133 0.5% 929 0.5%
2037 27639 0.5% 2138 0.5% 7169 0.5% 934 0.5%
2038 27777 0.5% 2149 0.5% 7205 0.5% 938 0.5%
2039 27916 0.5% 2160 0.5% 7241 0.5% 943 0.5%
2040 28056 0.5% 2171 0.5% 72n 0.5% 948 0.5%

Table 2 Page3
. Hydaburg
Ave. Growth
A@.8(AVE)
B@.5(AVE)
C@.25(AVE)
D@.01(AVE)
..---------------------..,------=c:-:-:--=:-:- --------------------------,
ThomeBay
3.00%
2.40%
1.50%
0.75%
0.03%
Expected Growth
97-2000
2001-20
2021-40
0.75%
1.50%
0.03%
Ave. Growth
A@.8(AVE)
B@.5(AVE)
C@.25(AVE)
D@.01(AVE)
Mid
6.91%
5.53%
3.46%
1.73%
0.07%
Expected Growth
97-2000
2001-20
2021-40
83 1171 300 1260
84 1153 -1.5% 300 0.0% 1320 4.8% 16.7%
85 1072 -7.0% 300 0.0% 1380 4.5% 14.3%
86 1107 3.3% 300 0.0% 1460 5.8% 0.0%
87 1193 7.8% 300 0.0% 1302 ·10.8% 0.0%
88 1274 6.8% 300 0.0% 1426 9.5% 0.0%
89 1205 -5.4% 330 10.0% 2046 43.5% 12.5%
90 1227 1.8% 340 3.0% Actual 1922 -6.1% ·11.1% Actual
91 1452 18.3% 370 8.8% 2000 4.1% 12.5%
92 1380 -5.0% 370 0.0% 2000 0.0% 0.0%
93 1426 3.3% 370 0.0% 2,210 10.5% 0.0%
94 1486 4.2% 370 0.0% 2,210 0.0% 0.0%
95 1486 0.0% 370 0.0% 2,286 3.4% 0.0%
96 1489 0.2% 373 0.8% 2450 7.2% 0.8%
9 1500 0.8. 376 0.8. 2286 -6. • .8 •
98 1511 0.8% 378 0.8% 2100 -8.1% 460 0.8%
99 1523 0.8% 381 0.8% 2136 1.7% 464 0.8%
2000 1534 0.8% 384 0.8% 2173 1.7% 467 0.8%
2001 1557 1.5% 390 1.5% Expected 2206 1.5% 474 1.5% Expected
2002 1581 1.5% 396 1.5% 2239 1.5% 481 1.5%
2003 1604 1.5% 402 1.5% 2272 1.5% 488 1.5%
2004 1628 1.5% 408 1.5% 2307 1.5% 496 1.5%
2005 1653 1.5% 414 1.5% 2341 1.5% 503 1.5%
2006 1678 1.5% 420 1.5% 2376 1.5% 511 1.5%
2007 1703 1.5% 426 1.5% 2412 1.5% 518 1.5%
1.73%
1.50%
0.07%

Table 2 Page4
1.5% 2448 1.5%
2009 1754 1.5% 439 1.5% 2485 1.5% 534 1.5%
2010 1780 1.5% 446 1.5% 2522 1.5% 542 1.5%
2011 1807 1.5% 452 1.5% 2560 1.5% 550 1.5%
2012 1834 1.5% 459 1.5% 2598 1.5% 559 1;5%
2013 1862 1.5% 466 1.5% 2637 1.5% 567 1.5%
2014 1890 1.5% 473 1.5% 2677 1.5% 575 1.5%
2015 1918 1.5% 480 1.5% 2717 1.5% 584 1.5%
2016 1947 1.5% 487 1.5% 2758 1.5% 593 1.5%
2017 1976 1.5% 495 1.5% 2799 1.5% 602 1.5%
2018 2006 1.5% 502 1.5% 2841 1.5% 611 1.5%
2019 2036 1.5% 510 1.5% 2884 1.5% 620 1.5%
2020 2066 1.5% 517 1.5% 2927 1.5% 629 1.5%
2021 2067 0.03% 517 0.0% 2929 0.07% 629 0.0%
2022 2068 0.03% 518 0.0% 2931 0.07% 630 0.0%
2023 2068 0.03% 518 0.0% 2933 0.07% 630 0.0%
2024 2069 0.03% 518 0.0% 2935 0.07% 630 0.0%
2025 2069 0.03% 518 0.0% 2937 0.07% 630 0.0%
2026 2070 0.03% 518 0.0% 2939 0.07% 630 0.0%
2027 2071 0.03% 518 0.0% 2941 0.07% 630 0.0%
2028 2071 0.03% 519 0.0% 2943 0.07% 631 0.0%
2029 2072 0.03% 519 0.0% 2945 0.07% 631 0.0%
2030 2073 0.03% 519 0.0% 2947 0.07% 631 0.0%
2031 2073 0.03% 519 0.0% 2949 0.07% 631 0.0%
2032 2074 0.03% 519 0.0% 2951 0.07% 631 0.0%
2033 2074 0.03% 519 0.0% 2953 0.07% 632 0.0%
2034 2075 0.03% 519 0.0% 2955 0.07% 632 0.0%
2035 2076 0.03% 520 0.0% 2957 0.07% 632 0.0%
2036 2076 0.03% 520 0.0% 2959 0.07% 632 0.0%
2037 2077 0.03% 520 0.0% 2962 0.07% 632 0.0%
2038 2078 0.03% 520 0.0% 2964 0.07% 633 0.0%
2039 2078 0.03% 520 0.0% 2966 0.07% 633 0.0%
2040 2079 0.03% 520 0.0% 2968 0.07% 633 0.0%

Table 2 Page6
1.5% 31083 1.5% 3378 1.5% 26746 1.5% 2361 1.5%
2009 160 0.0% 59 1.5% 31547 1.5% 3429 1.5% 27148 1.5% 2396 1.5%
2010 160 0.0% 60 1.5% 32017 1.5% 3480 1.5% 27555 1.5% 2432 1.5%
2011 160 0.0% 61 1.5% 32495 1.5% 3532 1.5% 27968 1.5% 2468 1.5%
2012 160 0.0% 62 1.5% 32980 1.5% 3585 1.5% 28388 1.5% 2505 1.5%
2013 160 0.0% 63 1.5% 33473 1.5% 3639 1.5% 28813 1.5% 2543 1.5%
2014 160 0.0% 64 1.5% 33972 1.5% 3694 1.5% 29246 1.5% 2581 1.5%
2015 160 0.0% 65 1.5% 34479 1.5% 3749 1.5% 29684 1.5% 2620 1.5%
2016 160 0.0% 66 1.5% 34994 1.5% 3805 1.5% 30130 1.5% 2659 1.5%
2017 160 0.0% 67 1.5% 35517 1.5% 3862 1.5% 30582 1.5% 2699 1.5%
2018 160 0.0% 68 1.5% 36047 1.5% 3920 1.5% 31040 1.5% 2740 1.5%
2019 160 0.0% 69 1.5% 36585 1.5% 3979 1.5% 31506 1.5% 2781 1.5%
2020 160 0.0% 70 1.5% 37132 1.5% 4039 1.5% 31979 1.5% 2822 1.5%
2021 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 37294 0.4% 4053 0.4% 32138 0.5% 2837 0.5%
2022 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 37458 0.4% 4068 0.4% 32299 0.5% 2851 0.5%
2023 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 37622 0.4% 4082 0.4% 32461 0.5% 2865 0.5%
2024 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 37787 0.4% 4097 0.4% 32623 0.5% 2879 0.5%
2025 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 37953 0.4% 4112 0.4% 32786 0.5% 2894 0.5%
2026 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 38119 0.4% 4127 0.4% 32950 0.5% 2908 0.5%
2027 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 38287 0.4% 4142 0.4% 33115 0.5% 2923 0.5%
2028 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 38455 0.4% 4157 0.4% 33280 0.5% 2937 0.5%
2029 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 38624 0.4% 4172 0.4% 33447 0.5% 2952 0.5%
2030 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 38794 0.4% 4187 0.4% 33614 0.5% 2967 0.5%
2031 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 38964 0.4% 4202 0.4% 33782 0.5% 2982 0.5%
2032 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 39136 0.4% 4217 0.4% 33951 0.5% 2996 0.5%
2033 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 39308 0.4% 4233 0.4% 34121 0.5% 3011 0.5%
2034 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 39482 0.4% 4248 0.4% 34291 0.5% 3027 0.5%
2035 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 39656 0.4% 4264 0.4% 34463 0.5% 3042 0.5%
2036 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 39831 0.4% 4279 0.4% 34635 0.5% 3057 0.5%
2037 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 40007 0.4% 4295 0.4% 34808 0.5% 3072 0.5%
2038 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 40183 0.4% 4310 0.4% 34982 0.5% 3088 0.5%
2039 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 40361 0.4% 4326 0.4% 35157 0.5% 3103 0.5%
2040 160 0.00% 70 0.0% 40539 0.4% 4342 0.4% 35333 0.5% 3118 0.5%

Table 2 Page1
Electrical load Prince of Wales Division
Craig
Ave. Growth
A@.8(AVE)
B@.5(AVE)
C@.25(AVE)
D@.01(AVE)
11).71°"
11.57%
ii.36%
:Z.68%
1>.11%
Hi h
Expected Growth
97-2000
2001-20
2021-40
5.36%
2.68%
0.11%
Klawock
Ave. Growth
A@.8(AVE)
B@.5(AVE)
C@.25(AVE)
D@.01(AVE)
7.63% ExpectedGrowth
6.10%
3.82%
1.91% 97-2000 3.82%
0.08% 2001-20 1.91%
2021-40 0.08%
83 3325 675 1521 400
84 4136 24.4% 800 18.5% 1740 14.4% 400 0.0%
85 4588 10.9%' 1020 27.5% 1928 10.8% 500 25.0%
86 4838 5.4% 960 -5.9% 2082 8.0% 450 -10.0%
87 5047 4.3% 1050 9.4% 2261 8.6% 450 0.0%
88 5733 13.6°" 1078 2.7".4 2352 4.0% 522 18.0%
89 6178 7.8% 1268 17.6% 2311 -1.7% 612 17.2%
90 7155 15.8% 1408 11.0% Actual 2495 8.0% 612 0.0% Actual
91 7402 3.5% 1354 -3.8% 2720 9.0% 666 8.8%
92 8232 11.2% 1354 0.0% 2934 7.9% 666 0.0%
93 8792 6.8% 1354 0.0% 3023 3.0% 666 0.0%
94 9643 9.7% 1,354 0.0% 3945 30.5% 666 0.0%
95 10427 8.1% 1354 0.0% 4783 21.2% 666 0.0%
96 13217 26.8% 1390 2.7% 4534 -5.2% 666 0.0%
97 13925 5.4 ° 1428 470 3.8. 666 .0.
98 16671 19.7% 1466 2.7% 4887 3.8% 666 0.0%
99 19564 17.4% 1505 2.7% Expectad 5073 3.8% 666 0.0% Expected
2000 20612 5.4% 1545 2.7% 5267 3.8% 666 0.0%
2001 21164 2.7% 1587 2.7% 5367 1.9% 666 0.0%
2002 21731 2.7% 1629 2.7% 5469 1.9% 666 0.0%
2003 22313 2.7% 1673 2.7% 5574 1.9% 666 0.0%
2004 22911 2.7% 1718 2.7% 5680 1.9% 679 1.9%
2005 23524 2.7% 1764 2.7% 5789 1.9% 692 1.9%
2006 24154 2.7% 1811 2.7% 5899 1.9% 705 1.9%
2007 24801 2.7% 1859 2.7% 6012 1.9% 718 1.9%

Table 2 Page3
Hydaburg
Thome Bay
Ave. Growth 3.00% Expected Growth Ave. Growth 6.91% Expected Growth
A@.8(AVE) 2.40% A@.8(AVE) 5.53%
B@.5(AVE) 1.50% B@.5(AVE) 3.46%
C@.25(AVE) 0.75% 97-2000 1.50% C@.25(AVE) 1.73% 97-2000 3.46%
D@.01(AVE) 0.03% 2001-20 0.75% D@.01(AVE) 0.07% 2001-20 1.73%
2021-40 0.03% 2021-40 0.07%
83 1171 300 1260 300
84 1153 -1.5% 300 0.0% 1320 4.8% 350 16.7%
85 1072 -7.0% 300 0.0% 1380 4.5% 400 14.3%
86 1107 3.3%' 300 0.0% 1460 5.8% 400 0.0%
87 1193 7.8% 300 0.0% 1302 -10.8% 400 0.0%
88 1274 6.8% 300 0.0% 1426 9.5% 400 0.0%
89 1205 -5.4% 330 10.0% 2046 43.5% 450 12.5%
90 1227 1.8% 340 3.0% Actual 1922 -6.1% 400 -11.1% Actual
91 1452 18.3% 370 8.8% 2000 4.1% 450 12.5%
92 1380 -5.0% 370 0.0% 2000 0.0% 450 0.0%
93 1426 3.3% 370 0.0% 2,210 10.5% 450 0.0%
94 1486 4.2% 370 0.0% 2,210 0.0% 450 0.0%
95 1486 0.0% 370 0.0% 2,286 3.4% 450 0.0%
96 1489 O.:zeh 376 1.5% 2450 7.2% 457 1.5%
97 1 11 1.5% 381 .5 • 2286 -6.7 • 464 1. •
98 1534 1.5% 387 1.5% 2100 -8.1% 471 1.5%
99 1557 1.5% 393 1.5% 2173 3.5% 478 1.5%
2000 1580 1.5% 399 1.5% 2248 3.5% 485 1.5%
2001 1592 0.8% 402 0.8% Expected 2286 1.7% 488 0.8% Expected
2002 1604 0.8% 405 0.8% 2326 1.7% 492 0.8%
2003 1616 0.8% 408 0.8% 2366 1.7% 496 0.8%
2004 1628 0.8% 411 0.8% 2407 1.7% 500 0.8%
2005 1641 0.8% 414 0.8% 2449 1.7% 503 0.8%
2006 1653 0.8% 417 0.8% 2491 1.7% 507 0.8%
2007 1665 0.8% 420 0.8% 2534 1.7% 511 0.8%
Hi h

Table 2 Page5
Kasaan
Ave. Growth
A@.8(AVE)
B@.5(AVE)
C@.25(AVE)
D@.01(AVE)
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Expected Growth
97-2000
2001-20
2021-40
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
LoadForecast Summary
High
ERR
ERR
ERR
ERR
ERR
ERR
0.0%
24.5%
-16.6%
-6.8%
o
0.0%
o
6.7%
Q;O%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
11.6%
26.7%
-7.2%
6.4%
6.7%
17.5%
7.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
31.5%
1.4"1.
1.4%
1.4%
1.5%
-19.9%
1.9%
1.9%
2.5%
2.5%
2.5%
2.5%

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Alaska Power &Telephone Company
Wolflake
Construction Cost Estimate
Item Description Cost (1997$)
1.0 Preparatory Work $50,000
2.0 Siphon Intake $183,969
3.0 Penstock $1,083,000
4.0 Power House $1,160,105
5.0 Transmission $500,000
Direct Construction Costs $2,977,074
Contingency @ 0% $0
Overhead Loading $75,000
Engineering $200,000
Total Construction Cost $3,252,074
Interest during construction @ 4% $130,083
Total Investment Cost $3,382,157
CostlKW (4000 KW) $2,255
Cost Estimate Wolf Lake Page 1

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3.4 Supports
Anchored 122 385.25 $47,000
Unachored 288 364.58 .$105;000
Pedestals 25 600.00 $15,000
3.5 Anchorrrhrust Blocks 2 11000 $22,000
3.6 Railroad Crossing $0
Subtotal $1,083,000
4.0 Powerhouse
4.1 Clearing $8,000
4.2 Excavation
Common 190 53 $10,070
. Rock 130 200 $26,000
4.3 Cultural field work LS $0
4.4 Concrete Substructure 95 453 $43,035
4.5 Metal Superstructure 1000 80 $60,000
4.6 Architectural/Cultural $8,000
4.7 HVAC $6,000
4.8 Bridge Crane $25,000
4.9 Turbine and governor $869,000
4.10 Guard Valve included 4.9 $0
4.11 Misc. Mechancial $25,000
4.12 Generator included 4.9 $0
4.13 Control/Switchgear included 4. Labor only> $75,000
4.14 Station Service $5,000
Subtotal $1,160,105
Cost Estimate Wolf Lake Page 3

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5.0 Transmission
5.1 Substation Civil
5.2 Transformer
5.3 Overhead line 25 kv
5.4 Interconnection
Subtotal
Direct Construction Costs
Cost Estimate Wolf Lake Page 4
5
$30,000
$150,000
70000 $350,000
$25,000
$555,000
$2,977,074

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Hydrology Section
Wolf Lake FERC 11508-000
The applicant has arranged via indirect contract with the United States Geological
SUlVey (USGS) to have a stream gage installed and monitored near the outlet of
Wolf Lake. USGS has designated the gage #15085900 and it has been in
operation since November 1995. Table 1 shows a summary of the monthly
mean, maximum, and minimum flows recorded by the USGS gage.
The applicant has recently decided to cancel the indirect contract with USGS
after two years of data had been collected. The cost of the monitoring and data
acquisition was the primary determinate in this decision. The applicant believes
that the data is sufficient to accurately characterize the water resource. In
addition, the applicant has inquired about purchasing the existing gage from
USGS to which would allow the applicant to continue collecting data using its
own personnel.
In addition, the applicant has been taking spot readings at various locations to
further define the contributing areas below the USGS gage accurately.The
method used was to correlate the spot measurements taken by the applicant, the
specific (date and time) measurements from the USGS gage. This information
was then used in conjunction with the respective drainage areas (Figure E-3) to
develop an estimate of average flow contribution of the entire drainage basin
above and below the location of the USGS gage. This method has allowed the
applicant to estimate average flow contribution of the Wolf Creek drainage basin
as measured at the creek mouth near the boat works. Using the estimated
average flow contributions developed it is possible to estimate flows at the
outlet of the lower pond and at the creek mouth. Table 2 shows these estimated
mean monthly flows at the USGS gage, the mouth of the lower pond, and at the
month of Wolf Creek near the boat works. The applicant developed this
information to assist it and the agencies in making resource decisions in regards
to the water resources in the project area.

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Table 2
Estimated mean monthly flows at various locations within the Wolf Creek Basin:
Flows@ Flows@
Average L. Pond Mouth
Jan 9.00 10.98 16.87
Feb 11.60 14.16 21.76
Mar 10.29 12.56 19.30
Apr 14.75 18.00 27.66
May 18.00 21.97 33.76
Jun 12.17 14.85 22.82
Jul 6.47 7.89 12.12
Aug 6.77 8.26 12.70
Sep 10.10 12.33 18.94
Oct 17.00 20.75 31.88
Nov 15.05 18.37 28.23
Dec 9.61 11.72 18.01
Mean 11.73 14.32 22.00

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Operational Model
···Estimate·ofEnergy·Output
Wolf Lake FERC No. 11508-000
Enclosed is a six-page tabulation of daily mean flows for water year 1995 to
1996 and 1996 to 1997 and calculations of energy output based upon the daily
mean flows. The During water year 95 to 96 the project would have produced
6,581,017 kwh based upon the daily mean flows. In water year 96 to 97 the
project would have produced 7,553,014 kWh. These calculations are based upon
a turbine capacity of 20 ds or a project capacity of 1.5 MW. The energy output
calculated upon annual mean flows is 6,903,130 and 8,313,692 kWh indicating
a 50/0 and 9% reduction in energy potential for the respective water years when
energy output is calculated using daily mean flows.
It appears that flows in the 95 to 96 water year was dryer than normal and
wetter than normal during the 96 to 97 water year. This would indicate that the
project normally would produce about 7;067,015 kWh per year.

[J Page 2
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3 12 8.7 10.35 20,746 864 15,041 627
4 12 9.1 10.55 20,746 864 15,732 656
5 11 9.4 10.2 19,017 792 16,251 677
6 11 9.2 10.1 19,017 792 15,905 663
7 10 8.9 9,45 17,288 720 15;386 .641
8 9.8 8.5 9.15 16,942 706 14,695 612
9 9.3 8.1 8.7 16,078 670 14,003 583
10 8.9 7.9 8.4 15,386 641 13,658 569
11 8.7 7.5 8.1 15,041 627 12,966 540
12 8.2 7.1 7.65 14,176 591 12,275 511
13 7.8 6.8 7.3 13,485 562 11,756 490
14 7.4 6.6 7 12,793 533 11,410 475
15 7 6.4 6.7 12,102 504 11,064 461
16 6.6 6 6.3 11,410 475 10,373 432
17 6.7 5.7 6.2 11,583 483 9,854 411
18 7.7 5.6 6.65 13,312 555 9,681 403
19 10 5.8 7.9 17,288 720 10,027 418
20 12 5.9 8.95 20,746 864 10,200 425
21 14 5.7 9.85 24,203 1,008 9,854 411
22 14 5.4 9.7 24,203 1,008 9,336 389
23 15 5.2 10.1 25,932 1,081 8,990 375
24 17 4.9 10.95 29,390 1,225 8,471 353
25 20 4.5 12.25 34,576 1,441 7,780 324
26 21 4.3 12.65 34,576 1,441 7,434 310
27 21 4 12.5 34,576 1,441 6,915 288
28 20 3.7 11.85 34,576 1,441 6,397 267
29 23 3.4 13.2 34,576 1,441 5,878 245
30 22 3.1 12.55 34,576 1,441 5,359 223
31 19 2.9 10.95 32,847 1,369 5,014 209
Jan 1 17 2.8 9.9 29,390 1,225 4,841 202
2 17 2.6 9.8 29,390 1,225 4,495 187
3 15 2.4 8.7 25,932 1,081 4,149 173
4 14 2.3 8.15 24,203 1,008 3,976 166
5 13 2.4 7.7 22,475 936 4,149 173
6 12 2.7 7.35 20,746 864 4,668 194
7 12 2.6 7.3 20,746 864 4,495 187
8 12 2.4 7.2 20,746 864 4,149 173
9 12 3 7.5 20,746 864 5,186 216
10 15 4.6 9.8 25,932 1,081 7,953 331
11 24 5.6 14.8 34,576 1,441 9,681 403
12 21 5.8 13.4 34,576 1,441 10,027 418
13 18 5.7 11.85 31,119 1,297 9,854 411
14 16 5.6 10.8 27,661 1,153 9,681 403
15 14 5.3 9.65 24,203 1,008 9,163 382
16 13 5.1 9.05 22,475 936 8,817 367
17 12 5.5 8.75 20,746 864 9,508 396
18 12 8.2 10.1 20,746 864 14,176 591
19 11 9.2 10.1 19,017 792 15,905 663
20 11 9.1 10.05 19,017 792 15,732 656
21 10 8.9 9.45 17,288 720 15,386 641
22 9.6 8.5 9.05 16,597 692 14,695 612
23 9.2 8.1 8.65 15,905 663 14,003 583
24 8.8 7.7 8.25 15,214 634 13,312 555
25 8.4 7.2 7.8 14,522 605 12,447 519
26 7.9 6.9 7.4 13,658 569 11,929 497
27 7.6 6.8 7.2 13,139 547 11,756 490
28 7.2 6.6 6.9 12,447 519 11,410 475
29 6.7 7.1 6.9 11,583 483 12,275 511
30 6.3 8.9 7.6 10,892 454 15,386 641
31 5.9 9.9 7.9 10,200 425 17,115 713
1 5.6 10 7.8 9,681 403 17,288 720
2 5.2 10 7.6 8,990 375 17,288 720
3 4.9 10 7.45 8,471 353 17,288 720
4 4.7 10 7.35 8,125 339 17,288 720
5 6.9 9.9 8.4 11,929 497 17,115 713
6 8.9 10 9.45 15,386 641 17,288 720
7 9.3 11 10.15 16,078 670 19,017 792
8 9.7 10 9.85 16,769 699 17,288 720
9 9.6 10 9.8 16,597 692 17,288 720
10 9.3 9.7 9.5 16,078 670 16,769 699
11 9.1 9.4 9.25 15,732 656 16,251 677
12 9.4 8 8.7 16,251 677 13,831 576
13 11 8.7 9.85 19,017 792 15,041 627

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15
16
11
11
12
9.1
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15
10.05
10.5
13.5
19,017
19,017
20,746
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792
864
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25,932
656
720
1,081
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17 13 19 16 22,475 936 32,847 1,369
18 15 19 17 25,932 1,081 32,847 1,369
19 14 19 16.5 24,203 1,008 32,847 1,369
20 13 17 15 22,475 936 29,390 1,225
21 13 16 14.5 22,475 936 27,661 1,153
22 12 18 15 20,746 864 31,119 1,297
23 11 19 15 19,017 792 32,847 1,369
24 11 20 15.5 19,017 792 34,576 1,441
25 10 19 14.5 17,288 720 32,847 1,369
26 10 17 13.5 17,288 720 29,390 1,225
27 9.6 15 12.3 16,597 692 25,932 1,081
28 9.2 14 11.6 15,905 663 24,203 1,008
29 8.8 8.8 15,214 634
Mar 1 8.4 13 10.7 14,522 605 22,475 936
2 8.1 12 10.05 14,003 583 20,746 864
3 7.7 11 9.35 13,312 555 19,017 792
4 7.3 11 9.15 12,620 526 19,017 792
5 6.9 10 8.45 11,929 497 17,288 720
6 6.6 10 8.3 11,410 475 17,288 720
7 6.2 9.6 7.9 10,719 447 16,597 692
8 5.9 9.3 7.6 10,200 425 16,078 670
9 6.6 8.9 7.75 11,410 475 15,386 641
10 8.6 9.5 9.05 14,868 619 16,424 684
11 10 8.1 9.05 17,288 720 14,003 583
12 11 7.6 9.3 19,017 792 13,139 547
13 13 7.2 10.1 22,475 936 12,447 519
14 23 6.8 14.9 34,576 1,441 11,756 490
15 29 6.4 17.7 34,576 1,441 11,064 461
16 24 6.1 15.05 34,576 1,441 10,546 439
17 21 6 13.5 34,576 1,441 10,373 432
18 18 6 12 31,119 1,297 10,373 432
19 16 6.6 11.3 27,661 1,153 11,410 475
20 15 7.2 11.1 25,932 1,081 12,447 519
21 14 7.4 10.7 24,203 1,008 12,793 533
22 13 7.4 10.2 22,475 936 12,793 533
23 12 7.3 9.65 20,746 864 12,620 526
24 12 7.4 9.7 20,746 864 12,793 533
25 11 8.5 9.75 19,017 792 14,695 612
26 11 9.2 10.1 19,017 792 15,905 663
27 10 9.3 9.65 17,288 720 16,078 670
28 9.8 9.6 9.7 16,942 706 16,597 692
29 9.4 9.7 9.55 16,251 677 16,769 699
30 9 9.6 9.3 15,559 648 16,597 692
31 8.6 9.2 8.9 14,868 619 15,905 663
1 8.3 9 8.65 14,349 598 15,559 648
2 8 12 10 13,831 576 20,746 864
3 7.7 13 10.35 13,312 555 22,475 936
4 7.9 13 10.45 13,658 569 22,475 936
5 9 12 10.5 15,559 648 20,746 864
6 10 12 11 17,288 720 20,746 864
7 10 11 10.5 17,288 720 19,017 792
8 10 11 10.5 17,288 720 19,017 792
9 9.6 11 10.3 16,597 692 19,017 792
10 9.5 11 10.25 16,424 684 19,017 792
11 9.5 11 10.25 16,424 684 19,017 792
12 9.4 11 10.2 16,251 677 19,017 792
13 9.3 11 10.15 16.078 670 19.017 792
14 9.2 11 10.1 15,905 663 19,017 792
15 9.8 13 11.4 16,942 706 22,475 936
16 10 15 12.5 17,288 720 25,932 1,081
17 11 19 15 19,017 792 32,847 1,369
18 11 18 14.5 19,017 792 31,119 1,297
19 11 17 14 19,017 792 29,390 1,225
20 11 16 13.5 19,017 792 27,661 1,153
21 10 21 15.5 17,288 720 34,576 1,441
22 10 26 18 17,288 720 34,576 1,441
23 11 27 19 19,017 792 34,576 1,441
24 11 29 20 19,017 792 34,576 1,441
25 11 33 22 19,017 792 34,576 1,441
26 12 46 29 20,746 864 34,576 1,441

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0 27
28
29
12
12
18
43
31
29
27.5
21.5
23.5
20,746
20,746
31,119
864
864
1,297
34,576
34,576
34,576
1,441
1,441
1,441
U
May
30
1
2
3
23
21
18
17
25
21
20
19
24
21
19
18
34,576
34,576
31,119
29,390
1,441
1,441
1,297
1,225
34,576
34;576
34,576
32,847
1,441
1,441
1,441
1,369
D
4
5
6
7
15
14
14
13
19
20
22
25
17
17
18
19
25,932
24,203
24,203
22,475
1,081
1,008
1,008
936
32,847
34,576
34,576
34,576
1,369
1,441
1,441
1,441
0
8
9
10
11
12
12
12
11
11
11
28
27
29
33
42
20
19.5
20
22
26.5
20,746
20,746
19,017
19,017
19,017
864
864
792
792
792
34,576
34,576
34,576
34,576
34,576
1,441
1,441
1,441
1,441
1,441
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13
14
15
11
10
10
42
38
31
26.5
24
20.5
19,017
17,288
17,288
792
720
720
34,576
34,576
34,576
1,441
1,441
1,441
16 9.7 25 17.35 16,769 699 34,576 1,441
0
17
18
19
20
9.5
9.3
9.2
9.7
23
22
21
23
16.25
15.65
15.1
16.35
16,424
16,078
15,905
16,769
684
670
663
699
34,576
34,576
34,576
34,576
1,441
1,441
1,441
1,441
21 9.8 25 17.4 16,942 706 34,576 1,441
[J
22
23
24
9.9
9.7
9.5
24
24
24
16.95
16.85
16.75
17,115
16,769
16,424
713
699
684
34,576
34,576
34,576
1,441
1,441
1,441
25 9.5 22 15.75 16,424 684 34,576 1,441
0
26
27
28
29
9.4
9.1
8.9
8.5
20
19
19
21
14.7
14.05
13.95
14.75
16,251
15,732
15,386
14,695
677
656
641
612
34,576
32,847
32,847
34,576
1,441
1,369
1,369
1,441
0 Jun
30
31
1
2
9.2
7.8
7.4
7.1
20
20
25
21
14.6
13.9
16.2
14.05
15,905
13,485
12,793
12,275
663
562
533
511
34,576
34,576
34,576
34,576
1,441
1,441
1,441
1,441
3 6.8 23 14.9 11,756 490 34,576 1,441
D
4
5
6
7
6.9
6.8
6.9
7.5
23
21
30
26
14.95
13.9
18.45
16.75
11,929
11,756
11,929
12,966
497
490
497
540
34,576
34,576
34,576
34,576
1,441
1,441
1,441
1,441
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8
9
10
11
8.1
8.7
9.3
9.3
25
21
19
17
16.55
14.85
14.15
13.15
14,003
15,041
16,078
16,078
583
627
670
670
34,576
34,576
32,847
29,390
1,441
1,441
1,369
1,225
0
12
13
14
15
9.4
10
10
11
16
15
14
15
12.7
12.5
12
13
16,251
17,288
17,288
19,017
677
720
720
792
27,661
25,932
24,203
25,932
1,153
1,081
1,008
1,081
16 11 15 13 19,017 792 25,932 1,081
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17
18
19
20
10
10
9.5
8.9
14
15
14
14
12
12.5
11.75
11.45
17,288
17,288
16,424
15,386
720
720
684
641
24,203
25,932
24,203
24,203
1,008
1,081
1,008
1,008
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21
22
23
24
25
8.4
7.9
7.5
7.1
6.7
13
12
12
11
11
10.7
9.95
9.75
9.05
1:1)35
14,522
13,658
12,966
12,275
11,583
605
569
540
511
483
22,475
20,746
20,746
19,017
19,017
936
864
864
792
792
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26
27
28
6.3
6
5.7
11
11
10
8.65
8.5
7.85
10,892
·10,373
9,854
454
432
411
19,017
19,017
17,288
792
792
720
29 5.9 10 7.95 10,200 425 17,288 720
JUL
0
30
1
2
3
8
8.7
8.4
7.9
9.5
9.1
9
8.7
8.75
8.9
8.7
8.3
13,831
15,041
14,522
13,658
576
627
605
569
16,424
15,732
15,559
15,041
684
656
648
627
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4
5
6
7
7.4
6.9
6.5
6.1
8.2
7.8
7.5
7.2
7.8
7.35
7
6.65
12,793
11,929
11,237
10,546
533
497
468
439
14,176
13,485
12,966
12,447
591
562
540
519
8 5.8 8.4 7.1 10,027 418 14,522 605
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0
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0
0
9 5.4 8.6 7 9,336 389 14,868 619
10 5.1 8.2 6.65 8,817 367 14,176 591
11 5 7.8 6.4 8,644 360 13,485 562
12 4.7 7.5 6.1 8,125 339 12,966 540
13 4.4 7.4 5.9 7;607 317 12;793 533
14 4.1 7.3 5.7 7,088 295 12,620 526
15 3.7 6.9 5.3 6,397 267 11,929 497
16 3.4 6.6 5 5,878 245 11,410 475
17 3.2 6.2 4.7 5,532 231 10,719 447
18 2.9 8.4 5.65 5,014 209 14,522 605
19 2.8 9.1 5.95 4,841 202 15,732 656
20 2.7 9.2 5.95 4,668 194 15,905 663
21 2.6 11 6.8 4,495 187 19,017 792
22 2.5 11 6.75 4,322 180 19,017 792
23 2.4 11 6.7 4,149 173 19,017 792
24 2.2 12 7.1 3,803 158 20,746 864
25 2.1 11 6.55 3,631 151 19,017 792
2 11 6.5 3,458 144 19,017 792
27 1.9 11 6.45 3,285 137 19,017 792
28 1.8 10 5.9 3,112 130 17,288 720
29 1.8 9.7 5.75 3,112 130 16,769 699
30 1.8 9.3 5.55 3,112 130 16,078 670
31 1.8 9.7 5.75 3,112 130 16,769 699
AUG 1 1.7 11 6.35 2,939 122 19,017 792
2 1.6 11 6.3 2,766 115 19,017 792
3 1.5 11 6.25 2,593 108 19,017 792
4 1.5 11 6.25 2,593 108 19,017 792
5 1.4 11 6.2 2,420 101 19,017 792
6 1.3 11 6.15 2,247 94 19,017 792
7 1.2 10 5.6 2,075 86 17,288 720
8 1.2 9.9 5.55 2,075 86 17,115 713
9 1.8 9.4 5.6 3,112 130 16,251 677
10 2 8.8 5.4 3,458 144 15,214 634
11 2 8.2 5.1 3,458 144 14,176 591
12 2.9 7.7 5.3 5,014 209 13,312 555
13 3.9 7.2 5.55 6,742 281 12,447 519
14 3.8 6.8 5.3 6,569 274 11,756 490
15 4.1 6.3 5.2 7,088 295 10,892 454
16 4.4 5.9 5.15 7,607 317 10,200 425
17 4.2 5.5 4.85 7,261 303 9,508 396
18 5.4 5.1 5.25 9,336 389 8,817 367
19 8 4.8 6.4 13,831 576 8,298 346
20 7.9 4.4 6.15 13,658 569 7,607 317
21 8.9 4 6.45 15,386 641 6,915 288
22 10 4 7 17,288 720 6,915 288
23 11 6.2 8.6 19,017 792 10,719 447
24 10 9.1 9.55 17,288 720 15,732 656
25 9.8 11 10.4 16,942 706 19,017 792
26 9.3 10 9.65 16,078 670 17,288 720
27 8.7 11 9.85 15,041 627 19,017 792
28 8.2 10 9.1 14,176 591 17,288 720
29 7.7 10 8.85 13,312 555 17,288 720
30 7.3 9.6 8.45 12,620 526 16,597 692
31 6.8 9.1 7.95 11,756 490 15,732 656
Sept 1 6.5 8.5 7.5 11,237 468 14,695 612
2 7.1 8.2 7.65 12,275 511 14,176 591
3 7.6 10 8.8 13,139 547 17,288 720
4 7.3 12 9.65 12,620 526 20,746 864
5 6.9 13 9.95 11,929 497 22,475 936
6 6.5 13 9.75 11,237 468 22,475 936
7 6.1 13 9.55 10,546 439 22,475 936
8 5.8 13 9.4 10,027 418 22,475 936
9 5.5 13 9.25 9,508 396 22,475 936
0.' 10
11
12
13
14
5.7
6.4
8.1
8.3
9
13
13
12
12
11
9.35
9.7
10.05
10.15
10
9,854
11,064
14,003
14,349
15,559
411
461
583
598
648
22,475
22,475
20,746
20,746
19,017
936
936
864
864
792
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15 9 11 10 15,559 648 19,017 792
16 9.2 10 9.6 15,905 663 17,288 720
17 9.5 9.6 9.55 16,424 684 16,597 692
18 12 9.1 10.55 20,746 864 15,732 656
19 12 14 13 20,746 864 24,203 1,008

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20 12 42
21 12 39
22 12 27
23 11 40
24 11 41
25 13 37
26 18 31
27 19 26
28 17 23
29 15 19
30 14 16
Average 10.94 13.18
Maximum 50 46
Minimum 1.20 2.3
Energy based upon Annual
Mean Flows 6,906,130 8,313,692
Energy based upon Daily
Mean Flows 6,581,017 7,553,014
Difference 325,113 760,678
5% 9%
27 20,746 864 34,576 1,441
25.5 20,746 864 34,576 1,441
19.5 20,746 864 34,576 1,441
25.5 19,017 792 34,576 1,441
26 19,017 792 34,576 1,441
25 22,475 936 34,576 1,441
24.5 31,119 1,297 34,576 1,441
22.5 32,847 1,369 34,576 1,441
20 29,390 1,225 34,576 1,441
17 25,932 1,081 32,847 1,369
15 24,203 1,008 27,661 1,153
11.96 6,581,017 7,553,014
33
4.7
7,546,058
7,067,015
479,043
6%
Page 6

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Date:
Pages:
To:
From:
Re:
AP&T
Wolf Lake Hydro/Stream gaging
Again, thanks for your help in performing the survey of the Wolf Creek
anadromous reach.and the stream gaging. In response to your earlier
question about whether additional steam gaging will be done, I have
contacted the USGS and asked them to let me know, next week, what their
schedule is for flying into Wolf Lake to inspect their gage. We will probably
want to get in there once this winter to provide a quarterly stream gage
record. I will try to arrange for them to pick you up in Hollis and fly you to
the boat works, on their way into the lake. They could then pick you up on
the way out.
In regards to the hunting survey we did, I have the following results at this
time:
Subsistence
2
Fish Taken
1-yes; 5-no
October 7, 1996
1 (including cover)
Randy Otos
Glen Martin
Seasonal
3
No. Taken
Lots
FAX
No. of Responses = 6
Type of Hunting No. Taken
Yeads)
Yeads)
Bear (1), Deer(3) Bear = 1 1996
Deer = ±40 1990-1996
1992-1995

MAP FOR AP&T HUNTING QUESTIONNAIRE

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MAP FOR AP&T HUNTING QUESTIONNAIRE
F"ERRY TERMINAL
• CLARK BAY
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""""\ ....

MAP FOR AP&T HUNTING QUESTIONNAIRE
/ a
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•

MAP FOR AP&T HUNTING QUESTIONNAIRE
fERRY TERMINAL
• CLARK BAY
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Commercial Airline
Ketchikan Air
1600 Airport Terminal Bldg.
Ketchikan, AK. 99950
Promech, Inc.
1515 Tongass Ave.
Ketchikan, AK. 99950
Taquan Air
1007 Water·
Ketchikan, AK. 99950
Seaside Air Service
1621 Tongass Ave.
Ketchikan, AK. 99950
Misty Fjords Air & Outfitting
P.O. Box 3047
1285 Tongass Ave.
Ketchikan, AK. 99950
Totals:
SURVEY RESULTS
WOLF LAKE FLY-INS
JANUARY, 1995
o
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1
1993
1994
*Taquan Air and Promech, Inc. were both used by AP&T to fly into Wolf Lake during 1995.
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NO RESPONSE
NO RESPONSE
2
1
1994
5
3
1
1
1995
5*

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Pre, . Description forthe 404 Certification Applicr
WolfLakeHydroelectric Project-llS08
be placed at the lake outlet, J.,ith a spillway crest at the average spring lake
elevation, to better manage the water in the drainage basin. A valve vault
would-be-pleced-below the siphon .which will consist ofa_bypass_yalve to
maintain instream flows during critical fish spawning and rearing periods.
The penstock would be both on the surface and buried where appropriate
and a 2-2.5 MW power plant will be located at about 100-feet in elevation,
as shown in Figure 7. The transmission facilities will extend from the power
plant to the present AP& T system in Hollis. A more detailed description
follows for each project feature forming the basis for environmental and
engineering studies for the project. Diagrams of erosion control methods
attached at end of report.
Diversion Structure
The diversion would be located on the crest or lip of Wolf Lake, with the
intake extended out into the lake to the approximate depth of 30 feet. In
Figures 7a & 7b the plan and profile views of the headworks of the project
are shown. The proposed small diversion structure 'would be made of
concrete or wood cribbing, mortared rock, or other suitable material. A
typical example of a diversion structure is shown in Figure 8. The diversion
structure would be about 40 feet long and have a structural height of about
6 feet. The diversion would be designed and would incorporate a spillway of
sufficient size to accommodate the probable maximum flood present in the
drainage basin. The spillway will be placed at the average spring lake
elevation. The diversion structure will not raise the level of the lake above
current spring flows.
The diversion structure would be constructed on bedrock, with some
excavation of the bedrock possible, to maximize its structural integrity. The
estimated excavated material may be 13 cu .. 'Ids. Methods to minimize
erosion and sedimentation during construction could include straw or hay
bales, jute netting, and silt fencing, as shown in Figure 8.
Intake
The intake would be placed in the lake at a depth dependent on the
capabilities of the siphon, but will probably be placed at approximately the
30 foot depth to potentially draw the lake down, during peak use, by 20
feet. The intake wouid consist of a screening oevise tv dfoW ths WatSi cut
of the lake. A 24-inch or smaller penstock would be utilized from the intake
to the valve vault and a 20-inch penstock to the powerhouse. The intake
may extend about 400 feet into the lake. The pipe would be buried in a 3
foot wide trench, 6 feet deep for about 200 feet (the rest of the penstock
will rest on the lake bottom), as shown in Figures 7a & Zb. The estimated
excavated and fill material would be approximately 133 cu. 'Ids. After
p.3

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GENERAL
PrOJ..ct Description for the404 Certification Applica,•..,o
Wolf Lake Hydroeleetric Project-II508
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Prince of Wales Island is rugged and mountainous and has low to moderate
relief with elevations generally of 3,000 feet or less, but some are as high as
nearly 4,000 feet. The mountains are dissected by deep, steep-sided, g.lacial
valleys, and fjords. The island has an abundance of lakes. Most of the
streams are small and short, with steep, irregular profile characteristics of the
early stage of stream development.
The climate of the Project is maritime, typified by cool summers, relatively
mild winters, long periods of almost continuous cloudy or foggy conditions,
and year-round precipitation. Temperature extremes occur in both winter and
summer. At Hollis, approximately 3 miles south of the proposed Project, the
mean annual temperature is 44.2 F. The average temperature at Hollis in
January (the coldest month) is 32.4 F and the average temperature in August
(the warmest month) is 58.1 F. The mean annual precipitation at the
proposed Project is about 110 inches, induced by the area's high elevation
and steep mountain topography. Much of the precipitation at the Wolf Lake
Project area during the colder winter months occurs as snow. Wolf Lake is
often frozen until late spring.
Wolf Lake is a moderately high, perched, cirque lake that drains about 1.51
square miles of steeply sloped forested land. The forest around Wolf Lake
consist of stands of old-growth hemlock, hemlock-spruce, and muskeg
forest. The ridges and peaks around the lake are either alpine meadows or
bare rock.
Inflow into Wolf Lake consists primarily of intermittent streams that drain
deep snowfields located in the alpine areas around the west half of the lake.
Wolf Lake occupies a bedrock basin in a U-shaped hanging valley at an
elevation of 1,149 feet. The elevations of the surrounding peaks and ridges
are generally between 2,000 and 2,700 feet. Wolf Lake naturally discharges
through a notch cut in the bedrock rim at the lower end of the lake, forming
Wolf Creek.
Wolf Creek is a high gradient, contained channel within a narrow valley
bottom. According to the Revised Tongass Land Management Plan,
"Channel banks are steep and generally composed of large material, either
consolidated bedrock or well-packed boulders and cobbles. The riparian
vegetation when present along these streams are narrow strips « 20 feet) of
alder, salmonberry, devil's club, or currant/brush communities. The upper
p.8

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·AP&T SUMMARY

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Contributors:
DaleB. Bonar, Ph.D.
Aquatic Environmental Services
2730-C Washington Street
PortTownsend, WA 98368
Mr. DougSwanson
Mr. Brook Swanson
Swan Resources
203 4th Ave. E., Suite 321
Olympia, WA 98501
Ms. DixieL1ewellin
Olympic WetlandResources
85650thStreet
PortTownsend, WA 98368

TABLE OFCONTENTS
1. Executive Summary 1
II. Introduction
A. Background Information
Site '" ., 2
Environmental Setting 2
Wildlife " 4
Fisheries ' 5
Botanical Resources " 5
B. Study Objectives
Marbled Murrelets , '.' 7
Raptors '.' , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 7
Sitka Black-Tailed Deer Habitat 7
Harlequin Duck 7
Anadromous Salmonids 7
Rainbow Trout " 8
Sensitive Plants ,............ .. 8
m. Project Study Area
A. WolfLakelWolfCreek Riparian System, 9
B. Penstock and Transmission Line Routes 13
IV. Methods
A. General
Field Schedule .................•........................................ 16
Mapping and Bathymetry '.' , 16
B. Wildlife
Marbled Murrelets , 17
Raptors
Peregrine Falcon 18
Bald Eagle - - - - - - - _18
Northern Goshawk 20
SitkaBlack-Tailed Deer Habitat 20
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
WolfLake is a steep banked cirque lake which drops quickly to deep water along its northern,
western and southern margins. At the eastern end ofthe .lake, a shallow shelfextends
approximately 175 yards out from the margin before dropping rapidly below a depth of40'. The
25' maximal drawdown ofthe lake which might occur in the proposed project would extend the
shoreline less than 50' from the northern, western or southern margin and approximately 500 feet
from its eastern margin. A narrow promontory from the south-southeast margin ofthe lake
would appear at drawdown, extending approximately 350 feet into the lake. This lake
drawdown surface would pose no additional problems for floatplane activity on WolfLake.
There do not appear to be any wildlife species that would be significantly affected by
constructing and operating the penstock and transmission linecorridors. Marbled murrelet
surveys indicate that they are well distributed along the proposed construction areas in all
suitable stands from the shoreline to the elevation ofthe lake. Careful construction which
avoids removing any large-diameter nest trees should result in minimal effects to murrelets. Bald
eagles will not be affected due to the location ofnests and primary activity centers that are
directly along the shoreline. The transmission and penstock corridors are at least 100 meters
from the shoreline and will not effect eagle nest or roost sites.
Sitka black-tailed deer and their predator, the Alexander Archipelago gray wolf, will be most
affected by the increased access to the area. The effects include direct mortality from hunting
and the decrease in physical condition due to increased energy expended to avoid people during
the critical wintering period for both species.
Rainbow trout planted in WolfLake in 1963 have populated the entire riparian system.
Spawning areas were identified just below the outlet to WolfLake and in the pond system below
the lake. Fish from the pond system are prevented from moving backupstream by the barrier
rapids below the WolfLake outfall. Spawning occurred in late May in 1996, and emergent fry
were present by late July. Condition indices ofcaptured and tagged rainbow trout were very low
in all areas ( mean ofO.76 ± 0.05) , and only 4 fish of88 captured were oflegal size (12").
Stream and lake invertebrates were rare. These observations indicate that the habitats are not
productive and will not sustain a viable recreational fishery.
Pink salmon began appearing in the mouth ofWolfCreek in early September, 1996, and
several salmon have been observed spawning in the intertidal area and in the upstream area
below the whitewater barrier falls. The substrate in these areas consists oflarge gravel (> 2")
and rocks, so that there may be very little protective cover in the redds.-.
No sensitive plants were observed in the project area. The bog orchid Platanthera
orbiculata, seen at two sites along the proposed transmission line route, is not on the Tongass
National Forest Sensitive Plant List, however it is presently on the Nature Conservancy Rare
Plant List and will possibly be added to the Alaska Forest-Service list in the near future.

INTRODUCTION

Figure 1: \VolfLake Hydroelectric Project Area Map
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• Determine the extent ofpotential and utilized spawning habitat
• Determine the potential source ofgravel recruitment while mapping the tributaries of
WolfCreek
• Determine the impacts the Wfoposed project will haze ,t.O the gravel recruitment
• Determine ifthis project will significantly impact the salmonid habitat
• Ifnecessary, determine how to minimize impacts to the anadromous reach to the
extent possible.
Rainbow Trout
• Determine whatfish species are present in WolfLake, WolfCreek and the associated
pond systems.
• Determine location ofspawning and rearing habitats and prepare periodicity chart for
fish species and life phases for the affected portions ofwater bodies, including the
lake and stream reaches upstream and downstream ofthe reaches direct affected
• Determine the approximate population for each habitat
• Conduct bathymetric survey to establish potential impacts to spawning from lake
drawdown and floatplane access
• Iftrout are found in the various habitats, determine ifthis project will significantly
impact them '
• If necessary, determine how to minimize impacts to their habitat to the extent
possible.
Sensitive Plants
• Determine ifsuitable habitat is present for plants on the sensitive plant list
• Determine ifany sensitive plants fro the Tongass National Forest, Craig Ranger
District, Sensitive Plants List are found within the project vicinity
• Locate and record sensitive plants, using the GPS system
• Verify habitats, abundance and plant associations when the sensitive plants are located
• Ifsensitive plants are found within the project area, determine how the proposed
project will impact them
• Determine how to modify the project to minimize impacts to the extent possible
• Photodocument any sensitive plants that are found.
8

PROJECT STUDY AREA

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Ill. STUDY AREA
A. Riparian System
WolfLake is a deep cirque lake located in Southeast Alaskaon the east side of Prince of
Wales Island near Kasaan Bayalong Twelvemile Ann (Figure 1). The natural surface elevation
ofWolfLake is approximately 1160 feet with a maximum depth of217 feet. The lake is fed by
runofffrom surrounding mountains with the major inlet throughthe alluvial fill at the westend
of the lakeand lesseradditional surface input through rivulets aroundthe lake. Except at peak
snowmelt flows, the inlet waterundergounds through the alluvial fill approximately 100 yards
upstream from the lake edge. The primary outlet is at the east-southeast margin ofthe lake
where waterpasses through anatural driftwood dam..
The lake has a surfacearea of 108,.8 acres and drains a basin ofapproximately 998acres
that ranges in elevation from 1150 feet to 2744 ft (ADF&G, 1965). The shoreline on the north,
southand westsidesof the lake is quitesteep, made up primarily of bedrock. Atthe eastend of
the lake nearthe outletthe landscape flattens to a more gradual slope. This slope includes
extensive muskeg areas with bothsmall isolated ponds and a series of largerconnected ponds
leading to the lower ravine through whichWolf Creek dropsacross a distance of I and Y2 miles
to the saltwater shoreline of Kasaan Arm near Pellett Point (Figure 2)
Immediately belowthe outletof WolfLake is a riffle-run and pool area approximately 30
yards longbefore the outlet creek narrows abruptly and begins a steeperdrop to the system of
connected ponds on the muskeg meadows at an elevationofapproximately 60 feet lower than
the lake. At thisnarrowedpool exit site the USGS has established a stream gauging station
whichmeasures all of the surface waterexiting the lake at all but the highestrunoffperiods
(Figure 3). During the periods of highest runoff, excess wateralso spillsfrom a second outletat
the east-northeast end of the lakeapproximately 150yards north of the primary outlet. This
excessrunofffeeds a pond(Butterfly Pond)just to the east of, and locatedat an elevation
approximately 8 feet lowerthan, WolfLake. Water leavingButterfly Pond exits through a small
creek thatjoins the largerdual pondsystem below.
The twoconnected ponds in the muskegmeadows belowand southeast ofthe lake (Middle
Pondand Lower Pond) receive the outletwaters ofWolf Lakeas well as surfacedrainage from
the surrounding basin(Figure 4). Middle pond is approximately Y2 acre in surfaceareaandless
than 2' deepthroughout, whileLower Pond is approximately 3 and Y2 acres in surface areaand
has a large pool nearthe inlet which is at least 6' deep. Middle Ponddoes-not have good water
exchange, since the inlet from Butterfly Pond only flowsduring heavy runoffperiods and the
inlet from WolfLakeboth entersandexits at the pond's westand southwest margin. Incontrast,
inlet waterto Lower Pondentersat the pond's northwest margin and passes fully through the
pondto exit at the east margin, producing a much better waterexchange. Near the inletand
outletareas of the ponds the bottoms are composed primarily ofrocks, gravels and sands with
intermixed finer sediments. Away from theses areas offaster water movement, the bottoms are
9

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Figure 3. Photographs of USGS Gauging Station at Wolf Lake Outlet Showing USGS Pool.
(April, 1996)
3a. Aerial Photograph showing pooland USGS station location (arrow)
3b. Photograph taken near lake outlet looking downstream at the USGS station
and adjacent pool.
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Figure 4. Diagram showing orientation of Wolf Creek streambeds and associated ponds
below tbe outlet of Wolf Lake.
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Aquatic Environmental Services
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muddy sands or sandy muds, and in the regions furthest from the inlets or outlets, these soft
sediments with their associated leafliner are several inches to several feet deep. Most ofthe
bottom areas in the ponds are covered with a layer ofbrown detritus, although this layer is
cleared from the inlet and outlet areas during high runoff episodes. Fast moving reaches ofthe
creekbed just upstream of Middle Pond and between Middle and Lower Pond have sandy gravel
bottoms and were heavily used as redd areas.
From the outlet at the eastern margin ofthe Lower Pond (elevation approx imately 1088
feet), WolfCreek begins a rapid descent over the course ofapproximately 1 and \I, miles to its
mouth in Kasaan Ann. The creekbed was only accessible in limited places, since for at least half
ofthe creek's length, it passes down steep-banked ravines. For virtually the full length the creek
the hillsides and tops ofthe creekbanks are heavily vegetated and provide good cover. Very few
rime-run areas exist ofmore than a few feet in length, and most ofthe course ofthe creek is
steep, high activity rapids. Small, shallow pools are present at various places along the Creek but
are typically very shallow and quite turbulent during periods ofhigh streamflow. Waterfall
barriers ranging from one to more than ten feet in height are common along all stretches ofthe
creek. The first major waterfall is approximately 150 feet upstream of the mean higher high
water (MHHW) line at the creek mouth (Figure 5). This waterfall is 15 feet high and forms an
impassible barrier to anadromous fish passage. The creekbed throughout is bedrock'with limited
graveled or (less commonly) sandy areas in the backwaters ofsome pools. Small rivulets feed
the creek from the steep mountainsides throughout its length.
B. Penstock and Transmission Line routes
The penstock route originates at the east end ofWolfLake, leads across the muskeg
meadows and follows the fall ofWolfCreek on the south side ofthe ravine. The proposed
powerhouse location is on the southern side ofWolfCreek at an elevation ofapproximately 100
feet. The transmission corridor goes southwest from the power station site at an elevation of
approximately 100 feet for 2000 feet. The transmission route then ascends a ridge to about 300
feet elevation and follows the 300-foot contour (± 50 feet) to the end ofthe existing AP&T
power line in the residential subdivision at Hollis (Figure 6). The tentative routes for penstock
and transmission lines were establ ished and marked with hip-chain lines by Alaska Power and
Telephone personnel during the first 1996 field visit in late April. During the subsequent visits
in May and July, high visibility plastic flagging was placed along these routes by AES personnel
to clearly mark the route and delineate specific habitat areas.
Below the outlet ofLower Pond. the penstock and transmiss ion line routes consist primarily
ofdense forest and understory vegetation. Vegetation and habitat types throughout the area are
described in the body ofthis report.
13

Figure s. Diagram showing relationships ofthe hydroelectric project elements to the mouth
of Wolf Creek on Twelvemile Arm.
14

Figure 6. Proposed penstock and transmission line routes assessed for the biological
resources covered by this report. Shown as an overlay on the base topography
map.
15

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METHODS

IV. METHODS ·
A. General:
Field Schedule: Three field visits were made to the project area by AES personnel in 1996:
April 16-18; May 23-27; and July 18-26. The first visit was timed to coincide with the end of
the maximum runoff period after snowmelt, and took place approximately two weeks after ice
was gone from the lake. The prel iminary wildlife, fisheries and bathymetry studies were
conduced during this trip. The May trip was scheduled for the period during which raptor and
duck nesting, early plant bloom, and maximal rainbow trout spaw-ning acti vity was predicted to
occur. The July trip was scheduled to coincide with the trout emergence period and maximal
plant flowering. During both the May and July trips , all aspects ofthe fisheries, wildlife and
plant studies were conducted.
Mapping and Bathvmetry: Area base maps for the field work were generated from USGS
Quadrangle maps and Orthophotographs [Craig (C-2), 1985 rev.], U.S. Forest Service regional
maps and high-altitude, color, infrared aerial photographs taken in 1977. These base maps were
used to mark major field fea ture s and to aid in locating geological features. Because much ofthe
area is dense ly covered with forest and the maps only show 100-foot elevat ion lines, the maps
produced for this report should not be strictly interpreted according to scale. Hip chains and
pocket altimeters were used to determine approximate distances and elevations so that the
resulting data should be considered approximate. For this reason, habitat locations and reference
areas were carefully marked in the field with high visib ility plastic flagging and metal tags.
Mapping and sampling activities in WolfLake were facilitated by the use ofan inflatable boat
and motor flown into the lake by float plane . Echolocation equipment used for this study
included a West Model 0100 depth sounder and an Eagle Supra Pro ill fish finder unit. A
Trimble GPS Pathfinder Pro XL geographic data collection system was used in the field to
record coordinates of field features.and depth data produced by the auxiliary echolocater. The
GPS antenna was mounted directly above the echo locater transducer for accurate coordinate
location. A preliminary bathymetric examination was performed during the April field visit to
determine the 25-foot depth line and general bathymetric features. During the May field visit,
depth data was collected electronically from an ordered series oftransects across the lake as well
as selective mapping ofobvious submarine features such at the submerged promontory on the
southern central margin ofthe lake.
Data collected electronically was subsequently uploaded to computers in the AES office for use
in producing maps and data base information. Base station data downloaded from the US Coast
Guard station at Annette Island, Alaska and from the Trimble base station in Anchorage, Alaska,
was used to produce differentiall y corrected mappi ng data that brought horizontal accu racy to
within an estimated ten meters. Base data from Annette Island, approximately 40 miles from
Wolf Lake, was not available for the GPS readin gs taken during the May field visit due to
16

equipment malfunction at the Coast Guard Station, necessitating use of the Anchorage data for
differential correction. The greater distance to Anchorage resulted in a significantly lower level
of resolution (thus the estimated 10 meter error). Attempts to use the GPS units in the forested
areas on the mountain slopes were generally unsuccessful due to satellite masking by the deep
canopy or steep slopes.
In late May and July 1996, the penstock and transmission line corridors laid out by string line in
April were marked with plastic flagging to make it easier to find and follow the proposed routes.
In July 1996, distance markers were placed every 100 meters, starting from the point where the
string line departs from the old logging road in the subdivision at Hollis and from the Wolf Lake
outlet. Sample station locations are referenced to the distance markers (in meters) and prefaced
with a P for the penstock route and a T for the transmission route. Sample stations have unique
numbers from 1 to 77, although they are not consecutive from the starting points. Stations 1
through 27 were sited in May 1996 when distances from the start points were not available.
Gaps in the coverage of the stations were filled in and new stations were established in areas not
previously sampled in July 1996. Fifty stations were established in July 1996 for a total of 77
numbered stations.
B. \Vildlife
Marbled Murrelet: Suitable habitat for marbled murrelets was mapped during the quick-cruise
assessments for black-tailed deer. Suitable habitat consists of mature and old-growth coniferous
forests and younger coniferous forests that have deformations or structures suitable for nesting.
Nesting occurs on large lateral moss-covered branches or other nest platforms (Ralph and others
1994).
Dawn surveys were conducted to determine if marbled murrelets are present along the
transmission and penstock corridors and which forest stands are being occupied. Survey points
were located in suitable habitat along the penstock and transmission line corridors using a subset
ofthe points used for deer habitat assessment. Dawn surveys started 32 to 93 minutes before
local sunrise and continued for 2 hours. Standard murrelet survey protocols for intensive
surveys were used (Ralph and others 1994). Surveys were conducted in late May and mid-July
1996 during the incubation and nestling periods. Marbled murrelets are most detectable during
the nestling period when adults make frequent visits to the nest to deliver food to the chicks.
The unit of measure for surveys is a detection, defined as hearing or sighting ofone or more
birds acting in a similar manner. The total number of individuals observed is frequently higher
than the number ofdetections because murrelets usually fly in small groups. However, a single
bird or group ofbirds may be observed several times over the 2-hour survey period, therefore,
the number 0fdetections is a measure of the murrelet activity and not a measure of the
population in an area.
The standard survey protocols require multiple visits to a survey station during the nesting
17
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season and also recommend multiple years to establish whether a stand is being used for nesting
by murrelets. Due to the remoteness ofthe project area and difficulty in getting between stations
due to the lack oftrails , the surve y protocols were modified. Representative areas with in stands
were surveyed using the intensive survey protocol. Distances between stations were often
fart her apart than called for in the standard protocol, however the survey stations are wet!
distributed over the ent ire project area.
Surveys were conducted by two sets of observers. Trained wildlife observers who had
.undergone vision and hearing tests and had prior experience doing murrelet surveys conducted
the majority of the surve ys for this project. Supplemen tary su rveys were conducted by the
project botanist and fisheries biologist who had minimal murrelet tra ining and had not
undergone vision and hea ring testing. The survey sites are shown in Figure 7 with the large
circles denoting surveys conducted by wildlife personnel and the small circles showing surveys
by others.
Survey station locations were selected the evening before surveys. In May, surveys were started
32 to 45 minutes (average 36 minutes) before sunrise on the first 4 days ofsurveys and 58 to 77
minutes (average 67.5 minutes ) before sunrise on the remaining 2 days. Surveys in July were
started between 79 and 93 minutes (average 84 minutes) before sunrise. Observers recorded all
vocalizations and visual observations of murre lets during a 2 hour survey period using portable
micro-cassette tape recorders and transferred the data to standard murrelet survey forms.
Observation data are summarized by observer and day with the total number ofdetections,
number ofvisual detections, and the number of sub-canopy detections for each site.
American Peregrine Falcon: Surveys for peregrine falcons were conducted during aerial surveys
for bald eagles in May and July 1996. In addition, peregrine falcons were looked for during
other wildlife survey activities during the three visits to the site in May and July 1996. No
separate survey activities were conducted for peregrine falcons.
Bald Eagles: Helicopter surveys ofbald eagles and eagle nest sites were conducted along the
shoreline from one mile northeast ofPellett Point to the Hollis ferry terminal, along the Wolf
Creek corridor between WolfLake and the marine shoreline, and along the shore ofWolf lake.
Aerial surveys were conducted in late May and mid-July 1996 to cover the peak period of nest
occupancy and the nestling period. Nest occupancy is highest in May and nestlings are
sometimes visible in active nests in early July. Surveys were conducted with two observers in
addition to the helicopter pilot. The primary observer sat in the right front seat and the
recorder/secondary observer sat in the right back seat. Surveys were conducted from an altitude
of 250 to 300 feet AGl at a speed of25 to 30 knots so that the shoreline and the adjacent trees
were constantly visible. Two passes of the shoreline were made during the May survey and one
pass was made during the July survey. The WolfCreek corridor was surveyed with an upstream
and downstream pass and the Wolflake shoreline was surveyed from the water side.
18

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Northern Goshawk: Surveys were conducted along the penstock and transmission corridors
using recorded goshawk calls and the methods described by Kennedy and Stahlecker (1993).
Survey points were spaced at intervals of approximately 200 meters (656 feet) using a subset of
the points used for deer habitat assessment. Surveys were conducted in late May and mid-July
1996 during the nestling and early fledg ling periods when goshawk response rates are highest
(Kennedy and Stahlecker 1993).
We used a commercial recording ofmale and female goshawk alarm calls from PS Media,
Lakewood, Washington. We used a Sony CFM-l0 portable cassette player that produced 80-85
dB one meter from the source. The male alarm call was used at all stations and the female call
was used in addition to the male call when responses to the initial broadcasts were detected.
Broadcasts were directed to 60 0
for 10 seconds, 180 0
for 10 seconds, and 300 0 for 10 seconds for
a total initial broadcast of30 seconds. The observer looked and listened for 30 seconds, then
broadcast again at 60 0 for 10 seconds, listened for 30 seconds, broadcast at 1800 for 10 seconds,
listened for 30 seconds, broadcast at 300 0
for 10 seconds and listened for a final 30 seconds.
The total sampling time at each station was 3 minutes.
When a goshawk was detected, the observer recorded the station number, time ofdetection, type
of response, and direction ofthe response. The 3-minute broadcast and listen sequence was then
repeated using the female alarm call.
Sitka Black-tailed Deer: The U. S. Forest Service has developed a rapid assessment method for
black-tailed deer habitat in Southeast Alaska to assess forage quantity and quality, and winter
snow conditions. Forest stands along the penstock and transmission line routes were evaluated
using the quick-cruise assessment method (Kirchoffand Hanley 1992.). Site assessments for
winter habitat for Sitka black-tailed deer, a primary food source for the Alexander Archipelago
wolf, were conducted at 77 stations along the transmission line route and the penstock route to
an elevation of 1000 feet. Areas above 1000 feet are of low utility for winter habitat for blacktailed
deer due to the depth and persistence ofthe snow above this elevation. The areas affected
by the proposed project above 1000 feet include a large muskeg meadow with several small
lakes and the forested areas surrounding WolfLake.
Stations were grouped by forest stand type based on a forest stand inventory map provided by the
U. S. Forest Service. The forest stand inventory map describes homogenous stands by dominant
overstory species, timber volume, and amount ofdecadence. The forest inventory maps were
updated based on an infrared aerial photograph provided by AP&T (Figure 8). Forest stands are
classified using the Forest Service plant association key for southeast Alaska (DeMeo 1992).
Sample plots were distributed in all forest stands along the construction route at interva ls of
approximately 100 meters (328 feet). Sample stations and their locations are listed in Table I.
Mean values for black-tailed deer winter habitat quality were calculated for each stand.
Pellet group surveys were conducted within a 6-foot radius circle around the cruise stations to
get an indication ofthe use ofthe various stands by black-tailed deer. Pellet group surveys were
20

Figure 8. Infra-Red Photograph (1977) of the project area showing habitat stand
boundaries. Numbered stands are defined in Table ill (p 35).
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3 HS4-5H 11 IT 1200
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3
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3
IHS4- 5H
IHS4- 5H
HS4-5H
lHS4-5H
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35
13
36
IT 1318
ir 1400
rr 1432
rr 1500
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3 IHS4-5H I 14 !T 1591 !
2 iH4-4 H I ! 15 lr 1698
2 IH44HI
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! 37 IT 1800
2
2
2
IH4-4H I
IH4-4 HI
IH4-4 H I
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38
39
40
IT 1900
lr 2000
.r 2100
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4 IHS4- 5HI 41 lr 2200 I
4
4
5
!HS4-5H I
!HS4-5HI
!H4-4 H2
42
43
44
rr 2300
lr 2400
lr 2500
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5
5
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IH4-4H2
IH4-4H2
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46
IT 2600
IT 2700
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4
4
IHS4- 5H I
IHS4-5HI
IH54-5H I
IHS4-5H I
,
,
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47
48
49
50
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IT 2800
T2900
TJOOO
I
IT 3100
I
,
4 HS4-5HI , 51 IT 3200
4 HS4-5HI
I 52 IT 3300
6 HS4-6H I 53 T3400 320
6 HS4-6H 54 T3500 260
6 IHS4-6H i 55 IT 3600 240
6 IHS4-6H 56 T 3700 240
6 HS4-6H 57 T3800 175
6 HS4-6H 58 T3900 130
6 HS4-6H 59 T4000 100
6 HS4-6H I 60 T40SO 20
6 HS4-6H I 77 T4100 100
6 HS4-6H 76 T4200 100
6 HS4-6H 75 T4300 100
7 HS4-5HI
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i 74 T4400 120
7 HS4-5HI
I
7 IH54-5H I
Notes: Start point for P-line is outlet at Wolf Lake.
Start point for T-Iine is logging road in Hollis subdivision
Distances in meters, elevations in feet
Station 72 is at power Plant site
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73 T4500 100
72 [r 4600 100
23

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conducted using the standard methods used by Robinette and others (1958).
Harlequin Duck: Surveys for harlequin duck were conducted along the primary and secondary
outlet from WolfLake down to the lower pond and as access was available along WolfCreek in
May and July 1996. Nest site selection and egg-laying start in late May and broods are out ofthe
nest and feeding in streams by early July. The streams were walked to look for nest sites in May
and to look for broods foraging in the stream in July.
Olive-sided flycatcher: No separate surveys were conducted for olive-sided flycatchers, nor
were general surveys ofother forest birds conducted during this project. Observations of
flycatchers were noted when observed during other wildlife activities.
c. Fisheries
Rainbow Trout: Echolocation, direct visual observation and catch-and-release methods were
utilized to assess the fish populations in the Wolf Lake/WolfCreek system.
During the April field visit, WolfLake was scanned from the boat with the portable fishfinder to
determine the presence and distribution offish in the lake. The nearshore area ofthe lake was
carefully assessed by repeated circumnavigation ofthe lake perimeter between the shoreline and
depths of40 feet. Transects across the lake body were done coincidentally with the bathymetric
studies described above. Shoreline observations along the accessible length ofWolfCreek and
around the margins ofthe pond system were conducted to identify potential spawning habitat
and to identify any fish species present. Extremely briefhook-and-line catch efforts were made
in both WolfLake and in the lower pond (a few minutes each).
During the May and July field visits, extensive direct catch efforts were conducted throughout
the WolfLake/WolfCreek system in addition to the echolocation examinations of Wolflake.
In addition to hook-and-line methods used for larger fish, minnow traps and a 1/8" mesh beach
seine were used to trap fry and smaller fish. The beach seine was only used during the July field
visit and only in the Middle Pond region.
All captured fish were measured on a fish board and, when practicable, weighed with Chantillon
2.0 or 5.0 kg hanging scales. It was impractical to weigh fish of length less than approximately
12 cm. During the May field visit, fish in excess of 14 cm were marked with Floy dart tags just
beneath the dorsal fin. Fingerling tags were also used during the July field visit to tag fish less
than 14 em in length. During the July marking period, scales were removed from the caudal area
of 15 fish ofvarious sizes for age analysis. The FDA-approved anesthetic methane tricane
sulfonate (MS-222, Argent Aquaculture) was used to quiet fish caught during the July field
effort. Captured fish were quickly transferred to a bucket ofwater containing MS-222 at a
concentration ofapproximately 100 mgIL for 2 to 5 minutes. Following measurement and
tagging, they were placed in a bucket of fresh water until regaining full mobility at which time
they were released.
24

Statistical analysis ofthe length-weight data was conducted by standard parametric analysis
(Snedecor and Cochrane, 1986). Condition index for all paired measurements was computed as
defined in Konopacky, 1995.
Anadromous Salmonids: The short anadromous reach of Wolf Creek was examined for the
presence ofspawning habitat and salmonid fry during the April field effort, however the flow of
water in the creek was so great that it was not possible to see through the turbulent water. The
area was mapped during the May and July visits when the flow was substantially lower and it
was possible to see the creek bed.
Weekly monitoring of the anadromous reach ofthe creek for adult salmonids began the week of
August 18 and continued through the week ofOctober 14. Visits were scheduled to coincide
with flood tides and data collection included species present, numbers and sexes of individuals,
fish behaviors and location of redds. In addition, weather data, streamflow and water
temperature measurements were taken during each visit.
D. Sensitive Plants
The sensitive plant field survey was conducted May 23 rd through 29 th and July 18 th through 26 th
of 1996 to determine ifany sensitive plants from the Tongass National Forest Sensitive Plant list
could be located. Specifically the list included the 11 plants species known or suspected to be
found within the Craig Ranger District. Pre-field work included reviewing historic sightings and
locations ofthese plants found during previous field studies. Blooming dates and potential
habitats for each species were determined prior to the site visit. Pre-field work revealed that the
majority ofspecies are located within the lake margins, muskeg, or wet meadow environments.
The focus ofthis survey was intensified when these habitats were encountered.
The botanist for the USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, Mary Stensvold, was contacted to
establish standard sensitive plant survey protocols, as used by her crews. This format was
followed during both in-the-field visits to the proposed project sites. The procedure includes,
daily data forms that indicate intensity level ofthe search, areas searched, and map locations. In
the event that a sensitive plant is located, data forms were prepared to coincide with information
required by the Alaska Forest Service. This includes habitat: canopy cover biotic zone, elevation,
population size, and forested plant associations. Additional information such as soil types,
landforms, slope, phenology and population health, was also considered. -
Procedures during the field work in May included surveying the proposed project site, recording
forested nlant associations and identifying earlv flowering plant soecies. At this point several
- - - -- -- - .- .. - - _.. .
plants, in vegetative or early bud stage of maturity, were identified to a genus level. Locations
were recorded and were further keyed, to a species level, during the July visit when flowers were
mature.
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While traveling through the transmission line corridor, grasses, sedges, orchids and other suspect
flora, were collected and pressed, to be keyed later to a species level. All locations were
recorded using metric measurements from a hip chain, beginning at the north end of the project
near Hollis. Similar measurements were also recorded from WolfLake, through assoc iated
wetlands, and down WolfCreek riparian corridor. These measurements start at WolfLake, then
descend in elevation down the riparian corridor to the boat house and propo sed power house
station. Photographs were taken when a plant was suspect as a species ofconcern.
Areas surveyed were primarily within the project boundaries. This survey was not meant to be a
comprehens ive study ofsensitive plants for the entire area as might be conducted by Forest
Service personnel.
26

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V.RESULTS
A. Mapping and Bathymetry
Prior to the field efforts, base maps were constructed from USGS and USFS maps and from
high altitude aerial photographs. These maps identified major features and provided low
resolution elevation data ( 100' contours). During the field efforts, GPS coordinates were
collected for major features, including lake and pond margins, streambeds and significant habitat
areas. In general, these readings were only collected in the Wolf Lake and pond system area
above an elevation of 850' MSL, since forest canopy and steep slope interference below this
elevation masked the necessary satellites. The GPS coordinates, along with field notes and
diagrams were used to produce the final maps included in this report.
Bathymetry of Wolflake is shown in Figure 9" The depths shown on this figure represent
water levels during normal high water as measured during the April field visit following
snowbell. As water levels fall during the summer, the lake level drops by approximately 4 and
Yz feet, as shown in the photograph taken during the July field visit (Figure 10).
Spring runoff high water would be at the vegetation line shown in this photograph. Both 25
and 45 foot depth contours are shown on Figure 9. In addition, contour lines at 100, 150 and 200
foot depths are shown. The depth profile shown in Figure 9 follows the dashed line A-A' on
the plan view.
B. MarbledMurrelets
Surveys were conducted by experienced murrelet observers and by other project personnel on 6
mornings in late May 1996 and 4 mornings in mid-July. Twelve morning surveys by the Senior
Wildlife Biologist and Wildlife Technician and 5 additional surveys were conducted in May.
Marbled murrelets were heard or observed during 11 of 12 surveys by wildlife personnel and 1
ofthe 5 surveys by other project personnel in May. An additional sighting occurred the evening
ofMay 26, 1996, when a single murrelet flew north over the campsite on the shore of Wolflake
about 15 minutes after sunset. The bird made the "jet sound" as it flew directly over the camp.
Murrelets were observed in the near shore area in the bay in front ofthe Boatworks on several
occasions.
Marbled murrelets were observed in all suitable stands along the transmission and penstock
route and at WoifLake on 4 mornings in iare July i996. Eight morning surveys by the Senior
Wildlife Biologist and Wildlife Technician and four additional surveys were conducted. High
numbers of marbled murrelets were heard or observed during all surveys conducted in July.
Murrelets were also observed in the near shore area in the bay in front of the Boatworks and
27

Fisure 9. Bathvmetrv of Wolf Lake. Bathymetric contour lines extrapolated from a series
e ••
of transects across Wolf Lake and around the Lake margins.
28
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Figure 10. Photographs taken in late July, 1996 showing normal lowered lake levels
10.a Spring runoff lake level is approximately level with the investigator's arm
shown in this photogrph.
10.b ' While lines on boulders around the lake are pollen deposits from heavy
pollen releases occurring periodically while lake levels were lowering.
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Figure 11. Bald Eagle nest sites shown on the topographic base map. Open circles
denote eagle sitings during helicopter surveys in 1996 and circles with an
··X" denote (unoccupied) nests.
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Table III
Mean black-ta iled deer winter habitat suitability scores by stand
from the quick-cruise method
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Stand
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No. 'Stand Type IForest Type 'Size Class !Volume 'Deca dence % Cedar
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:H4-5H l
120M to 30M ,
!
1 !H emlock Old gro wth I High 6-25%
2 H4-4Hl IHemlock 'ou gro wth IBM to 20M I High 6-25%
3 ;HS4-5H !Hemlock-Spruce
I
!Old growth '20M to 30M ! High
,
4 H54-5Hl :He mlock-Spruce IOld gr owth i20:\ol to 30M I High 6-25%
5 'H4-4H2 [H emlock IOld gro wth i8M to 20M I High 26-50%
1
!Old gro wth 130M to 50M 1
6 'HS4-6H :Hemlock-Spruce I High
7 ;B S4-5Hl IHemlock-Spruce
I
'Old gro wth ;20M to 30'"1 ii
High 6-25%
8
9
'H4-4H
ScL
'Hemlock
.Low Site
.Old growth
!
I
'8 :\01 to 20"1
!
I
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High
10 .s ei. iLow Site i
!
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with the lowest volume class oftimber. Stands 2 and 5 both are classified as having between 8
to 20 thousand board-feet per acre. This volume appears to provide adequate snow interception,
based on basal area, and openings that provide for abundant forage production. A third stand,
number 8, has the same volume, but is at a higher ele vation, farther from the coast, and had less
forage production . Consequently, it scored much lower for winter habitat suitability for blacktailed
deer.
Average stand scores along the transmission corridor ranged from a low of 52 for stand I to 83.7
for stand 5. The single station in stand 1 had the lowest forage score ofall of the stations
sampled. The remainder ofthe stands along the transmission corridor have good to excellent
value for winter habitat for black-tailed deer, although within stand variability is high . High
within-stand variability is probably due to the stochastic distribution of small-scale patches that
result from blow-down in coastal old growth torests .
E. Other \Vildlife
Harlequin Duck: By late May, flows along the secondary outlet from Wolflake were not
sufficient for harlequin duck foraging, although nesting habitat is available. Harlequin duck
preferred breeding habitat is cold, rapidly flowing streams (Bellrose 1978, Johnsgard 1979) .
which are present in the project area. Suitable nesting and rearing habitat occurs along the
primary outlet from Wolflake and along WolfCreek, but no harlequin ducks were observed
during the surveys. Nest site selection and egg-laying start in late May and broods are out of the
nest and feeding in streams by early July. Harlequin ducks should have been observable during
the surveys if they are present along WolfCreek. No harlequin ducks were observed along the
marine shoreline in conjunction with other wildlife activities.
Olive-sided flvcatcher : Olive-sided flycatchers were heard on two mornings from murrelet
observation stations in the WolfCreek drainage in May and July. The numbers ofbirds;
appeared to be very low. None ofthe habitat adjacent to WolfCreek will be affected by the
project and no adverse effect is expected to this species.
F. Rainbow Trout Resources
A total of 88 rainbow trout were caught and measured in the Wolflake system during 1996.
Seventy-eight ofthese fish were tagged with Floy dart or fingerling tags. Matched weight and
length measurements were made on 56 ofthe tagged fish; most the remaining tagged fish were
too small to weigh and only length measurements were taken. Three fish were caught in minnow
traps, two in the beach seine and the remainder on hook and line. Only 4 mortalities were noted
in the newly tagged fish. One other tagged fish was found recently deceased two months after it
was tagged.
Statistics for all captured fish are presented in the appendices and a summary of the weight,
36
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length and condition index statistics for fish captured in the three main habitat areas are shown
in Table IV. Lengths of all 88 fish caught ranged from 84 to 445 mm, with a mean of 183 mm
(S.E. = 6.5 mm). Figure 13 shows the length distribution of rainbow trout tagged in the Wolf
Lake system in 1996. Weights of the 56 fish which were weighed ranged from 5 to 550 grams,
with a mean of 82 grams (S.E. = 10 gm). The calculated condition index for all 56 fish from
which paired measurements were taken ranged from 0.25 to 1.84, with a mean of 0.76 (S.£. =
0.05) . Only four ofall fish captured in 1996 (4.5%) exceeded the Alaska Fish and Game
regulatory minimum of 12" (305 mm) for recreational anglers.
Fish were captured in four distinct habitat areas during 1996: 1) Wolf lake. 2) USGS gauging
station pool just below the Wolf Lake outlet, 3) the Pond System in the muskeg meadows below
the gauging station, and 4) in WolfCreek below the outlet of the lower Pond.
Wolf Lake: Fish were detected by echolocation in Wolflake during all field visits. Almost all
detections occurred in the nearshore regions of the central northern and central southern margins
ofthe lake, generally at depths of less than 40'. The shorelines in most areas of the lake drop
quickly to deeper waters (see Figure 9), so that the -40' contour is less than 100 feet from shore,
except at the eastern end ofthe lake. Because of the steepness ofthe adjacent shoreline,
submerged and partially submerged trees were common throughout the northern and southern
margins ofthe lake. The brown waters ofthe lake (presumably from humic materials and tannic
acids) limited visibility to less than 10 feet, so that echolocation sightings of "fish" may have in
some cases been submerged vegetation. .
Less than a dozen fish were directly observed from the boat; all of these sightings took place in
the shallow waters «8') ofthe eastern end ofthe lake on sunny, calm days. No fish were ever
observed jumping or otherwise breaking the surface..
37

Figure 14. Photographs of Rainbow Trout spawning areas, May, 1996.
14.a Spawning trout in sandy gravel section of Wolf Creek near the outlet of
Middle Pond (see Figure 4).
14.b Rainbow trout redds in Lower Pond near the inlet stream are evident as
cleared areas in the brown detritus covering the sandy gravel bottom.
40
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than when observed in May, suggesting a high degree ofredd construction activity continued
past late May. Emergent fry were commonly see in this and downstream areas in July.
Just south and west of the Lower Pond inlet the bottom is a broad shallow shelfofgravel and
sand. As in most areas, the bottom is covered with a thin layer of fine brown debris. Redd
formation was obvious in this area during the May visit by the cleared lighter colored patches of
gravel that could be seen across the shelf area (Figure 14). Spawning was not directly observed
at the site, although fish were seen in the area in treat displays. During the July visit, these
cleared areas were still visible. Emergent fry were also present in this area during July.
G. Anadromous Salmonid Resources in Wolf Creek
Pink salmon were first seen in the Wolf Creek mouth on September 5, 1996. Three males and
six females were actively spawning about 60 upstream of the NfHHW line. The bottom in this
area consists primarily of2-10" gravel and rocks . On September 11, three males and 6 females
were seen holding in the stream, but no spawning activity was observed. On September 19, nine
males and eleven females were seen. Three female and two males were spawning in the
intertidal region about 60' below the.NlliHW line in a rocky area with little gravel. Four females
and three males were observed spawning approximately 100' above MHHW, and three more fish
were holding in the pool beneath the whitewater fall. On September 27, a total of5 pink salmon
were seen. One female was holding in fast water about 50 feet above MHHW, one male/female
pair was spawning about 70 feet above MHHW, and two female pinks were holding in the pool
below the falls. No fish were observed in either the intertidal or the stream reach during
subsequent weekly visits.
No chum salmon have been observed in the vicinity ofthe creek during any visit in 1996.
H. Sensitive Plants
Although many wetland habitats were surveyed and examined closely, no sensitive plants were
identified along the transmission line. Wet meadows, muskeg environments, and streamsides
were surveyed below WolfLake, especially within the proposed project boundaries, with no
sensitive plant species from the list sighted. The lower ponds and associated wetland edges, and
areas which might be impacted by the project, were closely examined, again with no signs of
sensitive plants . The meadow areas below Wolf Lake were not intensively-studied, as it is
unclear how, or if, this habitat would be impacted by the project. A more intensive investigation
may reveal the presence ofsensitive plants within these areas. For the most part a thorough
search was only conducted with in the proposed project boundaries: the transmission line
crossing, penstock descent, WolfLake and associated pond perimeters. When descending the
Wolf Creek corridor along the proposed penstock route, side creeks and the two meadows where
the penstock would cross were closely examined. No species ofconcern were located.
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One species of bog orchid Platanthera gracilis, on the sensitive plant list, has 6 or 7 synonyms
which led to some confusion. Not only has there been some debate concerning the species and
variety, there has also been another genus, Habenaria, applied to this same orchid. One of the
synonyms for Platanthera gracilis is Platanthera saccata while another is Platanthera saccata
vur. gracillis. Platanthera saccata was seen throughout the proposed project site in wet meadow
habitats, in fact populations of 100 or more were common (Figure 15). To confuse matterseven
more, Platanthera dilatata var gracilis is another synonym. Platanthera dilatata, an orchid with
a flagrance of gardenias, was also observed in numerous location and in large populations. The
accepted description and name, at this point, is Platanthera gracilis. It is differentiate from P.
saccata by a nearly linear spur, longer than the lip. Specimens of Platanthera dilatata and
Platanthera saccata, collected in the field, did not match this specific floral arrangement.
While crossing the proposed transmission line route in May, another orchid was suspectedto be
the Choris Bog Orchid Platanthera chorisiana. The location of this orchid was approximately
1200 meters from the Hollis end of the trail(Plot # II in Stand 3; see Figure 8 and Table I). The
plant was immature, with only a floral stalk and closed buds, but the shape and size of the
double basal leaves matched the key diagnostic features for this orchid. During the field visit in
July, the flowers of this orchid were in full bloom and the orchid keyed to Platanthera
orbiculata, another bog-orchid. One additional sighting of this bog-orchid, along the
transmission line, 3700 meters from the beginning of the trail, was seen and recorded during the
July survey.
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Figure 15. Photographs of the single Rounded Leaf Bog Orchid seen along the
transmission line route.
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DISCUSSION

VI. DISCUSSION
A. Bathymetry
The north, south and west sides of the lake drop steeply to depth, so that the 25' and 40' depth
contour lines are nearshore in these areas . At the eastern end of the lake the bottom shelves at 8
to 12 feet for approximately 175 yards before dropping below the 25' depth contour (Figure 16).
Except for this eastern end ofthe lake, a 25' drawdown \\-;11 result in shoreline extensions of less
than 50 feet around the lake margin. One notable exception will be the narrow promontory that
will extend approximately 125 yards out into the lake from the south-southeastern margin of the
lake (j ust west of the tloatplane loading site). As shown on the diagram, this promontory comes
to within 12 feet ofthe lake surface, so \\-;11 be exposed to a height ofapproximately 13 feet at
maximal drawdown. At full exposure, this promontory is well to the south of the landing and
takeoff paths used by tloatplanes and will not pose a hazard.
B. Marbled Murrelets
Potential impacts to marbled murrelet nesting habitat from the proposed Wolf Lake Project
include: a) short-term disturbance during the construction phase from noise and activity, and b)
long-term effects ofclearing for the penstock and transmission line routes. Murrelets are very
abundant along the transmission and penstock corridors being readily detectable in all but one
May survey.
Some disturbance of murrelets during clearing for construction of the transmission and penstock
routes may be unavoidable. Minimizing the removal of large conifer trees which are suitable
nest sites will minimize the disturbance. There should be no effects to murrelets from ongoing
maintenance and operation ofthe facility once the clearing and construction are completed.
C. Raptors
Northern Goshawk: Only one northern goshawk was detected during the surveys which were
conducted at peak response times. A reported earlier occurrence ofa female goshawk in the
vicinity of WolfCreek could have been a migrating individual or chance observation ofa
foraging individual. There is suitable nesting habitat along both the transmission and penstock
corridors which may be used in some years. Based on our one season survey, the numbers of
goshawks in the vicinity ofthe project are very low and there does not appear to be an active
nesting territory nearby.
D. Deer Habitat
Potential impacts to wintering habitat from the proposed Wolf Lake Project include: a) shortterm
disturbance during the construction phase from noise and activity, b) long-term effects of
44

Round Leafed Bog Orchid Platanthera orbiculata
Wolf Lake Tra nsmission Line 5/27/96 and 7/21/96
These photos of the Bog Orchid, Platanthera orbiculata were taken in May and July. These orchids were 6-12 cm tall with bladeless sheaths and
2 broad leaves, on the lower 1/3 of the stem (often strictly basal) the lower with round apex, the upper somewhat more acute. This specimen was
not in blooming in May but had mature blossoms in July. Two separate small populations were found along the proposed transmission line; 1200
meters and 3700 meters from the Hollis end of the trail. .

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Figure 16. Photographs of the shallow eastern (outlet) end of Wolf Lake taken in
July, 1996, showing the submarine features which would be exposed
during lake drawdown.
16.a Aerial photograph looking southeast across lake on an overcast day.
16.b Aerial photograph looking south across lake on a sunny day.
45

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spawning was not observed, there was high water flow in the creek and it is possible that
spawning was occurring in the pool beneath the falls but was not visible due to water turbulence.
H. Sensitive Plants
Throughout the proposed project no sensitive plants from the Tongass National Forest Sensitive
Plant list were identified. Sensitive plant surveys are currently being conducted by Thomas
Belfield on Prince of Wales Island from the Thome Bay Ranger District. He is finding large
populations of the Chloris Bog Orchid from 400 feet to 2,200 feet in elevation in muskeg
habitats similar to the areas below Wolf Lake.
The taxonomic classification of the PIa/an/hera gracilis is vague and somewhat confusing, the
species shows a great deal ofvariation. Thomas has never seen this orchid on the island and
believes PIa/an/hera gracilis to be a hybrid. This species is under discussion as to the accuracy
ofthe classification.
According to Thomas Belfield, PIa/an/hera orbiculata, the orchid identified on the transmission
line traverse, is much less common than the Chloris Bog Orchid. It is presently on the Nature
Conservancy Rare Plant List and will possibly by added to the list used by the Alaska Forest
Service in the near future . The Forest Service is interested in all recorded sightings of this
orchid. All data recorded on this orchid will be included in this final report.
48

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CONCLUSIONS

the penstock and transmission line . Harlequin duck brood rearing habitat may be affected by
the reduction in summer flows once water is diverted to the power plant. However, since no
harlequin ducks were observed along Wolf Creek, this potential effect is minimal. American
peregrine falcons were not observed and su itable nest sites on cliffs will not be affected by the
project.
Fisheries: Rainbow trout planted in Wolf lake in 1963 have populated the entire riparian
system . Spawning areas were identified just below the outlet to Wolflake and in the pond
system below the lake. Fish from the pond system are prevented from moving back upstream by
the barrier rapids below the Wolf lake outfall. Spawning occurred in late May in 1996, and
emergent fry were present by late July. Condition indices ofcaptured and tagged rainbow trout
were very low in all areas, and only 4 fish of 88 captured were of legal size (12"). Stream and
lake invertebrates were rare. These observations indicate that the habitats are not productive and
will not sustain a viable recreational fishery.
Pink salmon began appearing in the mouth of Wolf Creek in early September, 1996, and several
salmon have been observed spawning in the intertidal area and in the upstream area below the
whitewater barrier falls. The substrate in these areas consists of large gravel (> 2") and rocks, so
that there may be very little protective cover in the redds..
Sensitive Plants : No sensitive plants were observed in the project area. The bog orchid
Platanthera orbiculata, seen at two sites along the proposed transmission line route, is not on
the Tongass National Forest Sensitive Plant list, however it is presently on the Nature
Conservancy Rare Plant list and will possibly by added to the list used by the Alaska Forest
Service in the near future .
50

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REFERENCES

[
VHI. References
ADF&G, 1965 Lake Survey Form, WolfLake
ADF&G, 1970. Lake Survey Summary , Wolf Lake.
ADF&G, 1996. Fish Resource Permit No. SF-96-034 issued to Aquatic Environmental Services
for fish collection activit ies on WolfLake during 1996 . ADF&G, Division of Sport Fish,
Juneau, Alaska.
Alaska Power and Telephone, 1996. Wolf Lake Field Study Plan, Wolf Lake Hydroelectric
Project, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska . FERC Project No . 11508 .
Alexandersdottir, M. 1987 Life history of pink Salmon (Oncorhyncus gorbuscha) in SE Alaska
and implications for management. Thesis, Univ. Of Washington, Seattle
Bellrose, F. C. 1978. Ducks, geese, and swans ofNorth America. The Wildlife Management
Institute. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 540 pp.
Carlander, K.D. 1970. Handbook of Freshwater Fish Biology, Volume 1. Iowa State University
Press, Ames, Iowa
DeMeo, T. D. 1992. Forest plant association management guide: Ketch ikan Area, Tongass
National Forest. USDA Forest Service, Ketchikan, Alaska.
Hubartt, D.J. and A.E. Bingham, 1989. Evaluation of lake characteristics and fish population
size and status for three lakes in the vicinity ofKetchikan, Alaska, during 1988. Fishery Data
Series No. 110, ADF&G, Division of Sportfish, Juneau, Alaska.
Hubartt, D.1. and A.E. Bingham, 1990. Evaluation of lake characteristics and fish population
size and status for three lakes in the vicinity of Ketchikan, Alaska, during 1989. Fishery Data
Series No. 90-39, ADF&G, Division of Sportfish, Juneau, Alaska.
Johnsgard, P. A. 1979. A guide to North American waterfowl. Indiana University Press,
Bloomington. 274 pp.
Kennedy, P. L., and D. W. Stahlecker. 1993. Responsiveness of nesting northern goshawks to
taped broadcasts of3 conspecific calls. Journal of Wildlife Management. 57(2):249-257.
Kirchoff, M. D., and T. A. Hanley. 1992 A quick-cruise method for assessing deer winter range
in Southeast Alaska. Habitat Hotline no. 92-1. USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, Juneau
Alaska.
51

Konopacky, G. 1995. Third year (1995) of a five-year study of the rainbow trout population in
Black Bear Lake, conducted in association with the FERC-Licensed Black Bear Lake
Hydroelectric Project, near Klawock, Prince of Wales Island, AK.. Report by Konopacky
Environmental for Alaska Power and Telephone Co ., Port Townsend, WA.
Mesta, R. 1., T. Swern, and S. Lawrence. 1995. Advance notice ofa proposal to remove the
American peregrine falcon from the list ofendangered and threatened wildlife. Federal Register
60( 126):34406-34409.
Nielsen, L.A., D.L. Johnson and S.S . Lampton. 1983 . Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries
Society, Bethesda, MD.
Ralph, C. 1., S. K. Nelson, M. M. Shaughnessy, S. L. Miller, and 1. E. Hamer. 1994. Methods
for surveying marbled murrelets in forests. Unpublished Technical Report # 1. Marbled
Murrelet Technical Committee, Pacific Seabird Group. 48 pp.
Ralph, C. 1., G. L. Hunt, Jr., M. G. Raphael, and 1. F. Piatt, Technical editors. 1995. Ecology
and conservation of the marbled murrelet. U. S. Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California. General Technical Report PSW-GTR­
152. 420 pp.
Robinette, W. L., R. B. Ferguson, and 1. S. Gashwiler. 1958. Problems involved in the use of
deer pellet group counts. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference. 23 :411-425.
52

Wolf Lake System: All Fish
Column 1:Lengths (mm)
Mean 183.3295
Standard Error 6.539022
Median 164
Mode 144
Standard Deviation 61.34146
Variance 3762.775
Kurtosis 2.932142
Skewness 1.322059
Range 361
Minimum 84
Maximum 445
Sum . 16133
Count 88
Confidence Level(O.S 12.81625
Column 2: Weights (gm)
Mean 82.15179
Standard Error 10.37694
Median 15
Mode 0
Standard Deviation 97.34432
Variance 9475.917
Kurtosis 12.36402
Skewness 3.00345
Range 550
Minimum 5
Maximum 550
Sum 4600.5
Count 56
Confidence Level(O.' 25.49557

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AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
.l3G-C WASHINGTON ST., P.O. BOX 148, PORT TOWNSEND, WA 98368, 206.38S •7976
Business: Residence:
Aquatic Environmental Services 5408 Gise St.
2730 Washington Street. Port Townsend, WA 98368
P.O. Box 148 (206) 385-7394
Port Townsend, WA 98368
(206) 385-7976 FAX 379-9705
Electronic Mail: dbonar@olympus.net
B.A. 1967 (Biology) Whitman College
M.S. 1970 (Marine Science) University ofthe Pacific
Ph.D. 1973 (Zoology) University ofHawaii
1993-
1991-93
1989-91
.. --- """l'"-0'
1985-89
1974-79
1973-74
President, Aquatic Environmental Services, Port
Townsend. WA
Principal, Pacific Rim Mariculture Inc. Port Townsend,
WA
NORCUS Scientific Investigator. Battelle Pacific
Northwest Labs, Marine Science Lab, Sequim, WA.
Associate Professor. Department of Zooiogy, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD
Associate Research Scientist. Center ofMarine
Biotechnology, University ofMaryland. Baltimore, MD
Assistant Professor. Department of Zoology, University of
Maryland. College Park, MD
NIB Postdoctoral Fellow. Brandeis University and Woods
Hole Marine Biological Lab. Woods Hole, MA

1982-88
1987-90
1985-88
1981-82
1979
1975-79
Associate Director. Graduate Program in Marine,
Estuarine and Environmental Sciences, University of
Maryland.
Visiting Investigator. Steinitz Marine Lab, Eilat, Israel.
Visiting Associate Professor. Department ofBiology,
Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore,MD.
Visiting Investigator. Pacific Biomedical Research
Center, Kewalo Marine Lab. Honolulu, HI.
Visiting Investigator. Smithsonian Institution Harbor
Branch Lab. Fort Pierce, FL.
Visiting Investigator. FridayHarborLabs, University of
Washington. Friday Harbor, WA.
1972-1995 Sixty-three full papers, abstracts,bookchapters or
technical articles published in the openliterature.
Intramural Funding(D. ofMaryland)
1974-1988 (ResearchJTeaching): 10 grants, S56,500 total.
Extramural Funding(Includes collaborativeefforts):
1974-1990 (Research): 13 grants,SI,141,104 total.
National Science Foundation
NOAA/Sea Grant
US-IsraeliBinational Science Foundation
US Geological Survey
MarylandDepartment ofNatural Resources
1986-1991 (Training Grant):
Office ofNaval Research
2
$6,800,000.
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Wetlands and Stormwater Technical Evaluation and Basin Surveys in
Port Townsend, WA. AES is providing Pro bonotechnical advice and
support to the City ofPort Townsend during its program for developing a
City-Wide, Stonnwater Management Plan (SMP). AES helped organize
and conduct the stonnwater basin surveys and ongoing monitoring
protocols. During these surveys, features noted in the newly enacted
Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) Ordinance were examined to
"ground-truth" the City's ESA planning maps. This project also involved
evaluating alternative stonnwater management practices and
recommending the most appropriate alternatives for incorporation into the
SMP. (Public Works, City ofPort Townsend)
Stormwater management planning for the Port ofPort Townsend.
AES is coordinating development ofthe Port's required Stonnwater
Management Plan which is being prepared as part ofthe NPDES permit
requirements. The project involves coordination with the design firm,
Reid-Middleton, Inc., the City ofPort Townsend and State Agencies as
well as compilation ofthe final Management Plan documents.
Biotic Analysis of Intertidal/Subtidal Resources for Marina
Expansion, Port of Port Townsend Boat Haven. Proposed expansion of
the existing marina would require dredging ofapproximately 4 acres of
intertidal and near subtidal habitat. Study included extensive eelgrass
mapping, benthic invertebrate sampling and analysis, and review of
fisheries records.
Environmental Impact Statement Preparation for the Port ofPort
Townsend Enhanced Haulout Project. AES is preparing the EIS for the
enhanced haulout facility planned for the Boat Haven at the Port ofPort
Townsend. The $ 4.7 million project involves inwater and uplands
excavation, pier and moorage construction, and infrastructure
development (Author)
Resource Damage Assessment Coordination for the Port of Port
Townsend. A diesel fuel spill in April, 1993 at the Port ofPort Townsend
BOCii Haven triggered a Depamnent ofEcology RDA committee
investigation. AES assisted the Port in coordinating its RDA actions, with
the result that ongoing environmental projects being conducted by the Port
were accepted by the RDA committee as mitigation for potential
environmental damage caused by the fuel spill.
4

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Bioassessment of Invertebrate Communities in the Runway Drainage
Basin at the Naval Air Station, Whidbey Island. AES utilized the EPA
Rapid Bioassessment Protocols to evaluate the impact ofvarious areas of
the project site on drainage basin quality. (Subcontract to URS
Consultants. Seattle, Wa. )
Environmental Assessments of Potential Marina Sites in Port
Townsend Bay, WA. Subtidal and shoreline site assessments ofpotential
marina sites performed for the Port ofPort Townsend by AES have
included quantitative and qualitative analyses ofeelgrass beds. fish and
invertebrate species. wetlands areas and uplands wildlife.
Biological Support Services and EIS Preparation for the Kur Ort
Project, Port Townsend, W A. The Kur Crt is a proposed S 23 million
destination resort planned for the Port Townsend waterfront which will
include a health spa, public aquarium. restaurant facilities.
accommodations and meeting rooms. AES has conducted the benthic
aquatic surveys for the site. and will develop the Environmental Impact
Statement for the project. (Vertex Corp., 1993- )
Taxonomic Analysis of Freshwater, Terrestrial and Marine
Invertebrates from Adak Island, Alaska. Samples from rivers, ponds.
lakes and the marine intertidal, collected at the US Naval Facility on Adak
Island by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. were identified and
enumerated by AES. This analysis was used to prepare future sampling
protocols. (US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK)
Evaluation ofJuvenile Salmonid Migration at the Everett Homeport.
AES has been contracted to monitor and analyze the outmigration of
juvenile chum and pink salmon from the Snohomish River as they pass by
ongoing construction projects in the Navy Homeport. (Subcontract to
Manson Construction).
5

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Swan Resources
Experience Summary
Page 3
Recent Projects
Deepwater Slough Restoration Project Feasibilit)' Stud)' Skagit River Delta 1995-96
Planned and conducted a baseline habitat assessment of wildlife use and an alternatives
analysis of a proposed 1400-acre estuarine restoration project in the South Fork of the
Skagit River for the Skagit System Cooperative. The study included an analysis of over
140 wildlife species including federally listed bald eagles and peregrine falcons. The
analysis included an assessment of habitat changes over an 8O-yearperiod using
historical maps and aerial photographs.
Wildlife Study for the Port of port Townsend Boat Haven Wetlands. 1994-95, Planned and
conducted baseline wildlife surveys at two wetlands over a period of 9 months to
determine the number and diversity of wildlife species using the site. The study used
point-count stations and transects to systematically inventory the wildlife using the site,
The baseline information was used to evaluate alternative development options by the
Port of Port Townsend.
Neotropical Migratory Bird Study, Fort Lewis. Washington 1993-94. Planned and conducted
a one-year study of bird communities in four habitats. including wetlands and riparian
areas, native prairies, oak woodlands, and coniferous forests, at Fort Lewis,
Washington. The study focused on species distribution in the four habitats.
Research Biologist for the Washington Department of Wildlife Shrubsteppe Research Projean
eastern Washington for one year (1991-1992), As the Project Leader, Doug planned and
supervised the collection and analysis of field data on the abundance and habitat
relationships of native birds, reptiles, small mammals, and insects in natural and altered
habitats at 80 sites. Surveys were conducted using transects and non-lethal trapping and
capture techniques.
Biological Assessment for the Restationing of an Annored Division at Fort Lewis. 1993 Coauthored
a review of 34 listed and candidate wildlife species and 13 rare plant species on
the Fort Lewis Military Reservation and the Yakima Training Center. The Biological
Assessment included a review of the pertinent literature and an assessment of the
probable effects of the changes in military training using armored vehicles. Listed and
candidate species included bald eagle. peregrine falcon, marbled murrelet, northern
spotted owl, and bull trout

Dixie Llewellin
856 50th Street
Port Townsend, WA 98368
360 385-6432
December 1995
PROFESSIONAL LIFE
Olympic Wetland Services 1995
Principal Wetland ecologist Port Townsned.
Wetland Consultant For Jefferson County 1995
Sunshine Window Inc. 1980 to 1995
Owner ofa window cleaning business in Port Townsend.
Alaska Department ofFish and Game 1979
Fish Culturist 2. Homer Alaska.
EDUCATION
• BA Biology University ofColorado 1976
CERTIFICATIONS AND CONTINUING EDUCATION
• Basic Wetland Delineation, Wetland Training Institute
• Field Practicum for Wetland Delineating, WTI
• Systematic Botany Peninsula College.
• Plants Ofthe Olympic Peninsula: Advanced Class-Teaching assistant for
NelsaBuckingham.
• Biological Illustration, Olympic Park Institute Chuck Wood
• Seaweeds ofWashington, Cascade Institute Mac Smith.
• Exploring Local Wetlands, WWU Judy Freisom
• Ecology ofNorthwest Wetland Vegetation, WWU Ronald Thom
• Botany ofthe Olympic Peninsula ,Nelsa Buckingham
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
• President ofOlympic Chapter ofthe Washington Native Plant Society
• Member ofSociety ofWetland Scientists
• Wetland StormwaterTeam, City ofPort Townsend since 1992
• Land Trust Member. Working on Plant List and Herbarium Collection: North
Quimper Peninsula Wildlife Corridor
• Co-director Marine Science Center 1984-1990
• Kai Tai Prairie Restoration and Interpretative Projects Coordinator
RECENT WETLAND DELINEATIONS AND PROJECTS
• Beausite Lake Delineation 7/95 (With Patrick Mcgrainer for Jefferson County)
• Brady Wetland Review 7/95 (Hydra-Terra, Bill Brady)
• Dewitt Wetland Delineation 8/95 (Madrona Planning and Development)
• Fire How pipeline 8/95 (Ch2Mhill) . - .
• Nuerenberg Wetland Review 8/95 (Nuerenberg, Oak Bay)
• Pipeline delineation 9/95 (With Lisa Palazzi for CH2Mhill)
• Wolcott Wetland Review 10/95 (Madrona)
• Dewitt West Wetland Review 10/95 (Madrona)
• Howard Moe Wetland Review 11/')5 (Madrona)
• Bill Roesler Wetland Review 12/95 (Madrona)
• Nancy Scott Wetland Delineation 12/95 (Madrona)
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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION
CONTROL PLAN
Wolf Lake Hydroelectric Project
FERC Project No. 11508-000-AK
March, 1998
ALASKA POWER & TELEPHONE COMPANY.:......------- AP&T

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Background
EROSION & SEDIMENTAnON CONTROL PLAN
WolfLake Hydroelectric Project - 11508
EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL PLAN
The applicant is considering developing Wolf Lake as a run-of-river project.
The Wolf Lake Hydro Project will intertie with an existing hydro project of the
Applicants, the Black Bear Lake Hydro Project, which will reach peak load
demand in 3-5 years. The Applicant would be the general contractor and
would subcontract portions of the project's construction.
Wolf Lake is located in Southeast Alaska, on the east side of Prince of Wales
Island (POW), near Kasaan Bay, along Twelve Mile Arm. Wolf Lake is about
3 miles north of the Community of Hollis, about 20 miles northeast of the
City of Hydaburg, about 26 miles east of the City of Klawock, and 32 miles
northeast of the City of Craig. The Wolf Lake Project is located within the
Tongass National Forest, U.S. Forest Service (USFS) (CRM, T 73S, R 84E,
Sec. 23, 24, 25, 34) and Alaska Department of Natural Resources land
(ADNR) (CRM, T 73S, R 84E, Sec. 25, .26, 34, 35).
The total amount of Federal land enclosed within the proposed project
boundary is about 28 acres. The approximate total acreage of State of
Alaska land is 20 acres. The project area is unsurveyed and therefore is
described by sections (based upon a 50-foot corridor from centerline of the
intake/impoundment structure, penstock, substation, powerhouse,
transmission line, and a limited-use access road).
The Project will utilize the natural flows into Wolf Lake and the ponds just
below the lake. The natural surface elevation of the lake is about 1149 feet
above mean sea level (MSL). Wolf lake has a surface area of approximately
100.8 acres. The maximum lake depth is approximately 222 feet.
Elevations of the drainage basin around the lake vary from 1149 feet to
2744 feet. Wolf Lake has steep slopes around the west half of the lake with
a more gradual slope on the east side, at the outlet. The lake outlet stream
is called Wolf Creek. Just below the lake, Wolf Creek flows over a falls
barrier and through a wetlands with two significant ponds. The ponds have
been called Middle and Lower ponds for the purpose of this Project.
DUring Project field studies, Lower Pond was determined to be at about 1088
feet above MSL. The outlet stream from Lower Pond, Wolf Creek, cascades
over numerous falls barriers to the creeks mouth on Twelvemile Arm, a part
of Kasaan Bay. The first 150 linear feet above mean high tide of Wolf Creek
is an anadromous stream. Wolf Creek is typified by cascades, a steep slope,
and a narrow riparian habitat.
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The hydrology of the 1.64 square mile drainage basin surrounding Wolf Lake
(based on estimates from 't he outlet of the lake) has been gaged to determine
the daily flows by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The Applicant has
gaged at the creek mouth on a quarterly basis. Current stream gage data,
from the USGS, for the water years 1996 and 1997. Estimated annual
rainfall is about 110 inches for this area.
The Project design has been changed from that presented in the Draft
License Application because of resource agency responses concerning the
rainbow trout and instream flow requirements. Therefore, instead of utilizing
the lake as a storage project, as originally proposed, the Applicant proposes
to impound Lower Pond, utilizing the drainage as a run-of-river project. This
would place a small impoundment below the lake and pond system, as
shown in Exhibit F-3 of this license application, greatly reducing impacts to
the trout and impacts to the development of a sport fishery. In addition to
Wolf Lakes drainage there is approximately 0.23 square miles of drainage
that would be added by placing the impoundment just below Lower Pond's
outlet.
Lower Pond would be maintained at its approximate average spring flow
elevation without inundating more than pre-project flows with the
impoundment structure placed just below Lower Ponds outlet. The intake
would be incorporated into the impoundment structure to supply water to the
penstock, as shown in Exhibit F-3. 1 of this license application. A remotely
controlled valve would be incorporated into the impoundment structure to
allow regulated filling of the penstock and to shut-off the flow of water for
maintenance. The penstock would be both on the surface and buried where
appropriate. A 2.2 MW power plant will be located at about 100-feet above
MSL. The transmission facilities will extend from the power plant to the
present AP&T system in Hollis.
Estimates of the water available for hydropower have been conducted using
flows from the USGS gaging station and periodic gaging by the Applicant.
The flow estimates for Wolf Lake are:
Drainage (SO.Ml.l
Mean Flow (CFSl
CFS/sq.mi. (CFS)
Wolf Lake
1.64
11.73
7.15
The estimate of power potential, as shown in Appendices: Operational
Model, indicates an average annual output of about 7,000,000 kWh.
As a run-of-river project, Wolf Lake would run continuously with the BBL
Project being capable of automatically altering its power output to meet load
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fluctuations as Wolf Lake Hydro fluctuates with the seasons. The Wolf Lake
Project will be automatica-lly operated using remote operation controls for
dispatching changes and routine start-up and shut-down sequences.
Highest power demands are during the winter months, December through
April. The BBL Hydro Project will provide most of the winter energy
_demands of POW while the Wolf Lake Hydro Project will supplement when
flows are available. During the spring, summer, and fall the Wolf Lake Hydro
Project will be able to fill a larger portion of the load demand.
Intake/Impoundment Structure
EROSION CONTROL METHODS
The intake/impoundment structure would be located on Wolf Creek just
below the outlet of Lower Pond, while maintaining the ponds average spring
elevation of 1088 feet above MSL. The impoundment structure would be
below the lake, falls barrier, and pond system. An intake would draw the
water from the impoundment structure_through a 22-inch diameter penstock,
down to the powerhouse.
The proposed small intake/impoundment structure would be made of
concrete or other suitable material. The intake/impoundment structure may
have a crest length of approximately 50 feet with a spillway crest length of
about 20 feet and may have a structural height of about 3 feet. In Exhibits
F-3, of this license application, the plan view of the head works of the Project
is shown. The approximate design for the intake/impoundment structure is
shown in Exhibit F-3. 1. The impoundment structure would be constructed on
bedrock, with some excavation of the bedrock to maximize its structural
integrity. The impoundment structure would be designed and would
incorporate a spillway of sufficient size to accommodate the probable
maximum flood present in the drainage basin.
Automated valves will be provided with normal and backup power from the
powerhouse. These valves would allow the controlled operation of the
intake, gradual filling of the penstock, and shutoff the flow of water into the
penstock. The intake screen would have a trash rake that would be powered
by a solar cell with power from the powerhouse as backup. The intake
screen wouid have openings ot :3/8" with a flow velocity of approximately
0.5 feet per second.
The intake/impoundment structure would be constructed on bedrock, with
some excavation of the bedrock to maximize its structural integrity. The
estimated excavated material may be 15 cu. yds. Disruption of soils will
occur from the use of an excavator at the impoundment site, which may
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cause some sediment dispersal into the creek. The excavator could disturb
approximate 40 square yards of soils as it operates around the impoundment
structure site. Methods to minimize erosion and sedimentation during
construction could include straw or hay bales, jute netting, and silt fencing,
as shown in Figure 1. Construction of the intake/impoundment structure
would occur during low creek flows. Revegetation would occur in areas
disturbed by the excavator above the average mean high creek level. This
could consist of hydro-seeding with a seed mix acceptable to the Forest
Service, after construction to stabilize the slope from erosion. The Forest
Service will be consulted as to the type of seed and plants to use for the
revegetation.
Penstock
This 22-inch diameter penstock will be approximately 6000 feet long and will
convey water from the intake to the powerhouse. The penstock will be
made of both steel and HOPE. The steel pipe will be for the lower half of the
penstock route, which will be buried and the HOPE pipe will be above
ground, supported on saddles.
Penstock construction may displace up to 1000 cu. yds. of material through
both the placement of penstock saddles and burial of the penstock. In
wetlands, the penstock will be placed on saddles spaced 30-60 feet apart to
minimize excavation of the muskeg. The penstock can be pulled into place
to minimize impacts to wetlands. The whole penstock right-of-way is not a
wetland however, so the exact amount of excavated material in wetlands
may be approximately 150 cu. yds. Methods of anchoring the penstock are
shown in Exhibit F-2. 1 of this license application.
The penstock will be built by using an excavator to trench and backfill for the
buried portions and to move the penstock into place along its route. The
excavator will also be used to move equipment up to the headworks with a
clearing of approximately 20 feet wide. Excavated material will be reused to
backfill and for revegetation purposes. Although excavation will primarily
take place at penstock anchors and the lower half of the penstock, the
excavator will disturb soils along the entire penstock route. Methods to
minimize erosion and sedimentation during construction could include straw
or hay bales, jute netting, and silt fencing, as shown in Figure 2. In addition,
revegetation will be utilized during post-construction to stabilize soils and
prevent sedimentation into the creek. This corridor could be hydro-seeded,
with a seed mix acceptable to the Forest Service, after construction to
stabilize the slope from erosion. The creek will be paralleled by the penstock
route, although the penstock route will be between 100-300 yards away,
which will reduce the chances of sediment entering the creek.
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Powerhouse
The powerhouse will be a prefabricated metal building, approximately 30 feet
by 40 feet by 20 feet high, located on a reinforced concrete foundation at
approximately 100 feet above MSL, as shown in Exhibit F-4 of this license
application. The powerhouse will contain one impulse type horizontal shaft
turbine rated at 2.2 MW at about 950 feet of net head.
Powerhouse construction will take place on bedrock, with some excavation
of the bedrock to maximize its structural integrity. The powerhouse is not in
a wetlands and is approximately 100 feet away from the riparian corridor.
The ordinary high water of Wolf Creek is 50-75 vertical feet below the
powerhouse site. The powerhouse will bypass water, when the project is
shut down, to maintain instream flows to the anadromous reach until water
from the impoundment reaches the tailrace.
An excavator will be used at the powerhouse site and will likely include
blasting of the bedrock for the powerhouse foundation. An area around the
powerhouse for staging will also be cleared. The staging area around the
powerhouse could be approximately 100 feet by 200 feet. Methods to
minimize erosion and sedimentation during construction could include straw
or hay bales, jute netting, and silt fencing, as shown in Figure 3.
Revegetation will take place to prevent any sediment from entering Wolf
Creek with seed and plants types determined through consultation with the
Forest Service. This area could be hydro-seeded, with a seed mix acceptable
to the Forest Service, to stabilize the slope from erosion.
Tailrace
A tailrace channel, approximately 1--50 feet long, 10 feet wide, and 6 feet
deep will be provided to conduct powerhouse discharges from under the
turbine case and through a conduit into the existing creek bed, which flows
into Twelvemile Arm and Kasaan Bay. Tailrace discharge will be spilled
above the intake of the existing Wolf Lake Boat Works hydro plant and above
several anadromous barrier falls before reaching the anadromous reach.
Tailrace construction will require excavation of primarily bedrock and some
soils.
The tailrace construction will require excavation of bedrock and soils up to
approximately 330 cu. yds. However, only about 75 cu. yds. of excavated
material will be removed from in or near a wetland (Wolf Creek). Some
sedimentation of the creek could occur during the construction of the
tailrace. However, bedrock will be the primary material excavated from the
tailrace, which will reduce the amount of sedimentation likely to take place.
Methods to minimize erosion and sedimentation during construction could
p.5

include straw or hay bales, jute netting, and silt fencing, as shown in Figure
3. .
Transmission
A step-up transformer will be next to the powerhouse, supported on a
concrete foundation. The 3,000 kVA transformer will step up the voltage
from the generator's 4,160 volts to 12.5 kV, for transmission to Hollis to
connect with the existing transmission line. The 12.5 kV transmission line
will go overhead at a mean elevation of approximately 300± 50 feet using a
right-of-way surveyed for wildlife habitat during the summer of 1996. An
example of the transmission pole configuration is shown in Figure A-4 of this
license application. The right-of-way will be approximately 50 feet wide and
approximately 2.3 miles long. It is estimated that approximately 42 poles
will be required along the transmission right-of-way.
Some poles will be anchored into bedrock and others may require excavation
of soils. Because a limited-use access road will be constructed along the
transmission line, wetlands will be avoided as much as is practical but may
be unavoidable in certain situations. The transmission line will use the clearcuts
that are near 300± 50 feet above MSL to minimize clearing of oldgrowth
forest. Transmission line pole spacing will be approximately 300 feet
apart unless the landscape prohibits this degree of spacing.
Some disruption of soils will occur in the process of creating a right-of-way
along the transmission line route and in placing the poles which will be
discussed in the next section, Access Right-of-ways. Although, some poles
may be anchored into bedrock, the estimated excavated material may be 70
cu. yds for the transmission line poles. Not all of the transmission line poles
will be placed in wetlands, particularly as they will be spaced up to 300 feet
apart. However, clearing of trees along the line will be necessary along with
clearing for the transmission line right-of-way. Incidental sedimentation of
streams and creeks along this corridor could occur. This corridor could be
hydro-seeded, with a seed mix acceptable to the Forest Service, after
construction to stabilize the excavate and disturbed areas from erosion.
Methods to minimize erosion and sedimentation during construction could
include straw or hay bales, and silt fencing, as shown in Figure 4.
Access Right-at-ways
There is no existing road to the mouth of Wolf Creek and the existing Wolf
Creek Boat Works. Though much of the Project could be constructed using
boats, barges and helicopters, there will be a right-of-way for the
construction of the transmission line which will be used for future access to
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maintain the transmission line and potentially to access the Project if the
weather is too extreme for a skiff, helicopter, or floatplane.
To access the penstock route and impoundment structure site the penstock
right-of-way will be used to move equipment and materials up the slope
during construction. An excavator will be used to trench for the penstock
and move equipment up to the head works of the Project. A cat-road will be
constructed along the penstock route requiring the removal of trees and
vegetation. However, this can primarily be kept within the approximate 20
foot wide penstock right-of-way except where natural obstacles occur.
Other access to the lake would be by floatplane. Helicopters may also be
used to transport construction personnel and material to the lake and slope
areas. A primitive path will be established along the penstock route for
future inspection and maintenance of the penstock and upper works.
During clearing for the transmission line right-of-way, an access road will be
constructed. Several significant streams must be crossed with small bridges
(possibly made from trees cleared for the right-of-way). The estimated width
of the right-of-way would be no more than is necessary to access the
placement of the transmission poles, clear hazardous trees and string the
transmission line. The width of the clearing is expected to be approximately
50 feet, as far as ground disturbance. To keep the right-of-way this narrow
will require the clearing of some trees outside the 50 foot right-of-way that
could be hazardous because they are dead or too tall. Not all of the
estimated excavated material will be in wetlands. It is estimated that 2,000­
3,000 cu. yds. of material could be excavated in wetlands in the
construction of this right-of-way. Most wetlands along the access road are
not ponds but are organic soils (muskegs) with grasses and other vegetation
intermixed. These organic soils are formed entirely of plant materials in
various stages of decomposition, and are often found on slopes of less than
12 percent. The muskegs are poorly drained, with the water table at or near
the surface throughout the year. Being water sensitive, the muskeg soils
have a tendency toward liquefaction. Other areas are either bedrock with a
thin veneer or organic humus soil, averaging about 2-feet thick. In some
areas the humus has developed directly on bedrock as a result of the glacial
scouring of previous soil material.
Wetlands will be avoided where practical. Excavated rock will be used in the
construction of the road. Soils will be either stockpiled and used for
revegetation or disposed of in a manner that the Forest Service will prefer.
Most, if not all, excavated material will be reused.
In addition, to keep tree clearing to a minimum, the transmission line will
utilize the clear-cut margins if they are near 300± 50 feet above MSL.
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Access to the transmission line will be necessary for inspection and
maintenance. Therefore, methods of constructing a road will need to be
employed, such as culverts, drainage ditches, and other appurtenances to
prevent erosion and maintain the road in good order for occasional use. The
access road would have limited use for inspection and maintenance of the
transmission line and when weather prevents a necessary site visit by either
skiff, floatplane, or helicopter. The potential for placing a gate at the road
entrance by the Applicant to control access to the Project area and limiting
access to Agency and Applicant personnel will be discussed with the
resource agencies.
The temporary access from a barge would consist of a road from the marine
shoreline, approximately 1,500 feet south of the Wolf Creek Boat Works, as
shown in Figure A-5 in the license application. The road would go in from
the marine shoreline approximately 100 feet and then head north towards
the powerhouse site following the margin between an old clear-cut and an
old-growth forest for part of the way. The temporary access road would be
hidden from view by the stand of old-growth forest along the shoreline.
Clearing will be required but the temporary road will remain at a minimum
width to reduce impacts, 15-20 feet wide. This temporary access road will
be approximately 1,000 feet north of an eagle nest and 0.5 miles south of
another eagle nest. The nest 1,000 feet away (located on a USF&WS map)
was not observed during field studies, only a nest 1 mile south and the nest
0.5 miles north of this proposed access road. None of the nests showed
signs of use in 1996.
This corridor could be hydro-seeded, with a seed mix acceptable to the
Forest Service, after construction to stabilize the slope from erosion.
During the construction of the transmission right-of-way, several significant
streams must be crossed with small bridges, possibly made from trees
cleared for the right-of-way. The estimated width of the right-of-way will be
approximately 50 feet, as far as ground disturbance. Trees will need to be
cleared to within approximately 25 feet of centerline of the transmission line
with some of the lower vegetation remaining to keep the soils stabilized. Not
all of the estimated excavated material will be in wetlands. It is estimated
that 2,000-3,000 cu. yds. of material could be excavated in wetlands in the
construction of the right-of-way. Spoil from excavation of the right-of-way
would be used to fill the down slope side of the road. Methods to minimize
erosion and sedimentation during construction could include straw or hay
bales, and silt fencing, as shown in previously in Figure 4. Drainage ditches
and culverts under the right-of-way would also be utilized when practical.
During the construction phase, the major potential impacts to water quality
could be increased concentrations of suspended and settleable sediments in
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impact incubating fish eggs by interfering with oxygenation and dissipation
of metabolic wastes and emergent fry could be impacted by direct abrasion
of fragile gill tissue. Impacts are expected to be slight and temporary
because of the use of Best Management Practices (BMP's). The primary
sources of these sediments would be the excavation and construction of the
impoundment structure, penstock, powerhouse, tailrace, substation and
transmission line.
The Applicant will utilize BMP's (BMP 14.5, Road and Trail Erosion Control
Plan and 14.25, Surface Erosion Control at Facilities of Forest Service
Handbook 2509.22 Soil and Water Conservation) during construction to
prevent and contain any accidental spillage of any substances, such as fuels,
oil, or construction materials and to prevent erosion and sedimentation. The
following are the BMP's likely to be implemented:
o Measures to reestablish vegetation on exposed soils would be
accomplished by seeding with suitable grass and legume species in
conjunction with mulching and fertilization. Some areas may
require tree seedling or shrub seedling planting. Consultation with
the Forest Service will determine where and what types of seed
and plants to use.
o Measures to physically protect the soil surface from erosion or
modify the topography to minimize erosion include the use of
gravel on the road surface and use of mulches, riprap, erosion
mats, and terracing on cuts, fills, and ditches as appropriate.
o Measures to physically inhibit the transport of sediments to streams
could include the use of baled straw in ditches or below fillslopes,
and silt fences.
o Measures to reduce the amount of soil disturbances in or near
streams include the immediate placement of large culverts (greater
than 24 inches in diameter) in live streams prior to crossing a
stream with rock embankment during road construction.
o Even with full implementation of BMP's, it is recognized that some
construction practices may result in "degradation" of water quality.
A short-term (less than 48 hours) departure from turbidity
standards is allowed for construction activities which otherwise
fully maintain the waterbody's designated beneficial uses.'
1 Soil and Water Conservation Handbook, FSH 2509.22, 14-14.27. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service. Juneau, Alaska. P. 7. October 31, 1996.
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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
Following are the inspections and maintenance practices that will be used to
maintain erosion and sediment controls:
1. All measures will be maintained in good working order; if a repair is
necessary, it will be initiated within 24 hours.
2. Built up sediment will be removed from silt fences when it has reached
one-third the height of the fence.
3. Temporary and permanent seeding and planting will be inspected for bare
spots, washouts and healthy growth.
4. All control measures will be inspected at least once each week and
following any storm event of 0.5 inches or greater.
5. To prevent surface erosion, a fast-growing, sod-forming grass will be
planted, along with mulching for immediate protection.
6. Any slides within the project area will be reported to the U.S. Forest
Service.
7. The locations of the erosion and sediment controls will be per Figures 1­
10.
Contact: Dale J. Kanen
District Ranger
U.S. Forest Service
Craig Ranger District
P.O. Box 500
Craig, AK. 99921
Phone: 907-826-3271
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EROSION AND SEDIMENTAnON CONTROL MEASURES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES
A. DETENTION POND RUN-OFF CONTROL FROM LARGE AREAS
1. Temporary Erosion Control Pond
a. Reference A-1
B. PREVENTION OF EROSION FROM LOCALIZED AREA
1. Straw Bale Barrier
a. Reference A-2
2. Silt Fence Barrier
a. Reference A-3 & A-4
3. Culvert Outfall
a. Reference A-5
C. STABILIZATION OF STREAM CHANNEL BANKS
1. Reference Figure A-4: Erosion Control Fabric
D. Roadway Traffic Erosion Control
1. Rock Construction Entrance Road
2. Vehicle Turnouts
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REFERENCE FIGURES: A-1
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURE A:
Detention Pond Run-off Control from Larger Areas
TYPE: Temporary Erosion Control Pond
PURPOSE: To control and retain run-off from disturbed areas such that
sediment laden waters do not enter the existing drainage course.
GENERAL: Temporary erosion control ponds are basins created by
construction of a barrier or dam across a watercourse or by excavating a
basin or by a combination of both. Temporary erosion control ponds shall be
installed in order to detain run-off waters and trap sediment and thus
protecting land, drainage ways, and streams below the installation from
damage by excessive sedimentation and debris deposition. Temporary ponds
shall be designed to the following standards.
1. The dam or barrier forming the pond shall be located to provide for
maximum volume capacity for trapping sediment behind the structure
as well as for greatest ease of clean out. In some cases, intercepting
ditches are necessary to divert the run-off to the control pond.
Whenever possible, these ditches will meander to preserve the natural
vegetation. Typical dams and barriers are shown in Figure A-1. The
earthen dam structure is used for the larger contributing areas or
drainage basins. The straw and silt fence barriers are used when the
contributing disturbance area is small or localized.
2. Siltation ponds shall provide a minimum of 1 foot below the outfall
elevation for dead storage. The storage volume shall be a minimum of
0.2 cubic feet per 100 square feet tributary to the pond.
3. The volume of the pond above the 1.0 foot storage shall be sized to
handle a 2-year, 24-hour design storm and will be based on the
geometry of the pond. The surface area of the pond will be determined
by the following equation: surface area = 1.2Q/vs; where Q = the 2year
design flow and cs = the settling velocity. {When additional areas
are pumped to sediment ponds, Q = the 2-year design flow and the
flow rate of all pumps contributing to the sediment pond.
4. Interior sides of the siltation pond shall be no steeper than 3 feet
horizontal to 1 foot vertical.
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5.
EROSION AND SEDIMENTAnON CONTROL MEASURES
An outfall, consisting of a vertical pipe or box type perforated riser
joined by a water tight connection to a pipe which extends through the
barrier or dam forming the pond, shall be provided. The outfall shall
have the capacity to discharge the 2-year frequency peak flow.
a. The crest elevation of the riser shall be a minimum of 1 foot below
the lowest elevation of the barrier or dam forming the temporary
pond providing a minimum 1 foot of free board.
b. An anti-vortex device and trashrack shall be securely installed on
the top of the outfall riser.
c. The bottom of the riser shall be attached to a minimum 1 foot high
base of sufficient mass so as to prevent riser floatation.
d. A gravel filter consisting of washed gravel or quarry rock shall be
placed around the perforated riser.
e. Discharge from the siltation pond shall be to a rock lined waterway
and shall typically pass through a filter fabric fence, immediately
prior to discharge from the site.
p.4

REFERENCE FIGURE: A-2
TYPE: Straw Bale Barrier
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURE B:
Prevention of Erosion from Localized Areas
PURPOSE: To reduce the generation of sediment from disturbed areas by
filtering or diverting run-off from localized stripped areas.
GENERAL: Straw bale barriers will be temporarily installed across existing
drainage ways to collect and store run-off and sediment prior to discharge.
Straw bale barriers will be installed in drainage ways, before any upslope
grading, or construction activities, commence. Straw bale barriers will be
constructed to the following general specifications.
1. Straw bale barriers shall be laid sideways, tightly abutted, stacked
securely in place with at least two stakes per bale, and keyed into the
ground 6 to 8 inches.
2. Straw bale barriers shall be constructed to a sufficient length and height
to impound the required volume.
3. Straw bale barriers shall be located to provide maximum capacity for
trapping sediments.
4. Sediment ponds, created by the straw bale barriers, shall provide a
minimum of 1 foot below the riser elevation for storage. The storage
volume will be determined as described in Erosion and Sediment Control
Measure A.
5. The volume of the sediment pond will be determined as outlined in
Erosion and Sediment Control Measure A.
6. An outfall shall be provided that consists of a vertical perforated pipe
type riser, jointed by a water-tight connection with an anti-seep collar to
a pipe, which extends through the straw bale barrier. The outfall shall
have the capacity to discharge the 1O-year frequency flow.
7. The crest elevation of the riser shall be a minimum of 1 foot below the
lowest elevation of the straw bale barrier, providing a minimum 1 foot of
free board.
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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES
8. An anti-vortex device and trashrack shall be securely installed on the top
of the outfall riser.
9. The bottom of the river shall be attached to a minimum 1 foot-high bale
of sufficient mass to prevent riser floatation.
.10. A gravel filter consisting of washed gravel or quarry rock having less
than 2 percent fines shall be placed around the perforated riser.
11. Riprap shall be place on both sides of the straw bales and outfall
channel, for erosion control.
p.6

EROSION AND SEDIMENTAnON CONTROL MEASURES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURE B:
REFERENCE FIGURE: A-3, A-4
TYPE: Silt Fence Barrier
Prevention of Erosion from Localized Areas
PURPOSE: The silt fence barrier filters run-off, prior to discharge, by
intercepting sediment while allowing water to percolate through it.
GENERAL: A silt fence is a temporary barrier made of a water-permeable
filter fabric such as celanese fiber, polypropylene material, polyvinyl chloride
woven cloth, reinforced chlorosulfinated polyethylene cloth, or approved
equivalent.
Silt fences will be installed along the creek downslope of disturbed areas,
prior to any upslope grading. Silt fences will be installed around the spoil or
stockpile area, immediately following disposal of excavated material.
Silt fences shall meet the following criteria:
1. The height of the silt fence shall be a minimum of 2'-0", measured
from the existing or graded ground.
2. The silt fence shall be supported by wood or steel fence posts, spaced
a maximum of 4 feet apart.
3. Wire shall be used to support the filter fabric unless the manufacturer's
recommendations exclude its use.
4. The filter fabric will be securely fastened to the upstream side of each
support post.
5. The steel posts which support the silt fences shall be installed on a
slight angle toward the expected run-off source.
6. The filter fabric shall be trenched into the ground with a spade, or
mechanically trenched, so that the downslope face of the trench is flat
and perpendicular to the line of flow.
7. Where solid rock is encountered, steel posts will be used and will be
securely grouted into the rock.
p. 7
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REFERENCE FIGURE: A-5
TYPE: Culvert Outfall
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURE B:
Prevention of Erosion from Localized Areas
PURPOSE: The velocity of flow is nearly always speeded during passage
through a culvert and always when passing down a chute. To prevent the
formation of a scour hole or plunge pool, the end of the culvert or chute will
be protected by the placement of a 1-foot thick blanket of quarry spalls,
tapering from a width of twice the culvert diameter at the outfall to four
times the culvert diameter, at a length of four culvert diameters.
GENERAL: The velocity of water flowing through a culvert or down a chute
will usually increase and, therefore, will tend to form a plunge pool where it
flows into an unlined channel. To minimize this potential, the velocity of the
water shall be dissipated with the use of riprap. The typical outfall shall
include the following provisions. This type of detail is temporary or
permanent.
1. The riprap blanket shall be a minimum of 12-inches in thickness.
Material may be dumped or hand placed.
2. The lateral extent of the rock shall be at least one culvert diameter on
each side of the chute or pipe.
3. The length of the apron beyond the end of the chute or pipe shall be
three diameters.
p.8

REFERENCE FIGURE:
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURE C:
TYPE: Streambank Stabilization
Stabilization of Stream Channel Banks
PURPOSE: Streambank erosion is a natural phenomenon, but can become a
problem during storm events and higher water. Riprap sections will be
utilized to provide additional scour protection and stabilization of the
streambank, particularly in sensitive areas.
GENERAL: Most failures of revetments or linings are due to an inadequate
extent of the lining. The upper limit should generally be above design high
water level. Bank protection should be terminated at bedrock or at the
maximum depth of scour. Where lining cannot be extended to the desired
depth, place riprap at the toe, and it will fall into the scour hole as it
develops. Revetments may consist singly of stone, piling, etc. or in
combination with vegetation.
Dumped riprap forms a flexible lining which is resistant to settlement and will
not be susceptible to undercutting as concrete lines, since stone will
gradually slump into the scour hole. Its other major advantage is it has a
very rough surface, which results in dissipation of the stream's energy,
minimizing scouring problems at the ends of the revetment or lining. In
designing stone linings, it must be remembered that ability to resist erosion
depends principally on the size of stone used rather than the thickness of the
lining.
p.9
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EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURE D:
Roadway Traffic Erosion Control
TYPE: Rock Construction Entrance Road
PURPOSE: The measure is a stabilized pad of crushed stone located at any
point where traffic will be entering or leaving a construction site to reduce or
eliminate the tracking of flowing of sediment onto adjacent land or right-ofways.
GENERAL: A temporary Construction Entrance is a rock stabilized temporary
entrance pad and shall be constructed at points where traffic will be entering
or leaving a construction site from or onto adjacent roads or right-of-way.
The pad shall be of sufficient length and width to eliminate transportation of
mud and sediment from the construction area onto the right-of-way by motor
vehicles or by run-off. This temporary measure if constructed and designed
properly can become part of the final roadway section. Construction will
meet the following standards:
1. The stabilized construction entrance shall be a minimum thickness of 8
inches and constructed of free draining material such as crushed stone
(2-1/2" to 1-1/2").
2. Width should be the full width of all points of ingress or egress.
3. Length should be as required but not less than 50 feet.
4. The entrance will be maintained in a condition which will prevent
tracking or flowing of sediment onto public right-of-ways. Periodic topdressing
with additional stone may be necessary as field conditions
dictate. When washing is required, it shall be done on an area stabilized
with crushed stone which drains into an approved sediment trap or
sediment pond.
p.IO

TYPE: Vehicle Turnouts
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURE D:
Roadway Traffic Erosion Control
PURPOSE: This measure is a stabilized turnout area located at designated
areas along the access road to provide vehicles a place to pull over to allow
passage of other vehicles along the narrow roadway.
GENERAL: Vehicle turnouts are surfaced areas adjacent to the roadway to
allow vehicles to pass. The pullout will be of sufficient size to allow
construction vehicles space to safely pull out of traffic. Construction will
meet the following standards:
1. The surfacing material will be the same type and thickness as that used
on the roadway surface.
2. The turnout surface will be graded to slope toward the roadway.
3. All cut and fill slopes will have erosion and sediment control measures as
outlined in measures Band C.
4. Flow in existing roadside ditches will be maintained throughout
construction by lining the ditch with quarry spalls; or for deeper ditches,
installing a culvert.
5. Turnouts will not be installed in the bottom of sag vertical curves, and
will not be installed to interfere with any natural drainage's.
6. A sediment trap will be installed immediately downstream of the vehicle
turnout.
p. 11
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SHALLOW
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SHALLOW SLOPES
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1'0 TH[ DlMClION Of FLOW
AND ANCHOR SECWD.V.
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EROSION CONTROL fABRIC
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FIGURE A-4: EROSION
CONTROL f ABRlC
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Prince of Wales Island
- . > : . . - .••. : . ;:.,..,.......- - - - -
Regional Energy Plan
IORAFTI
September 1997

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PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND
REGIONAL ENERGY PLAN
September 1997
IDRAFTI
prepared by
HDR Engineering, Inc.
This report was funded by the Haida Corporation. Technical support and recommendation for
this report was provided from the Sealaska Corporation and Alaska Power & Telephone.

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I. INTRODUCfION
Prince ofWalesIsland is located in southeast Alaskaapproximately 30 miles west ofKetchikan.
Prince ofWalesIsland, with an area ofmore than 2,600 square miles and 990 miles ofcoastline is
the third largest island in the United States. The populationofthe island is almostall congregated
in the small communities ofCraig, Klawock, Thome Bay, Hydaburg and Hollis. The economyof
the island is generally centered around commercial fishing and timber harvesting. In recent years,
the island has witnessed continued growths in population and energyconsumption.
Historically, the power supply ofPrince ofWalesIslandhas been fairly typical ofother parts of
rural Alaska- small isolated load centers with supplied with independent diesel generation. In
1987, the Alaska Energy Authorityfunded construction ofan electrical intertie between the
communities of Craig andKlawock. Interconnection ofthese two communities provided an
immediate savings for the consumers by allowing economies ofscale in diesel generation. This
interconnection plus the ensuing load growth soon renewed interest in developing hydroelectric
projects on the island.
In 1995, Alaska Power & Telephone! (AP&T) completed constructionofthe 4.5 megawattBlack
Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project on land owned by the SealaskaCorporation'. Project output is
currentlyused to meetthe electrical needs ofCraig andKlawock. In 1996, approximately 800.10 of
the 23,000 MWhrs of expected average annual generation ofthe project was utilized. A new
electrical intertie has beenfunded and will soon be constructedto connectthe CityofThome Bay
to the CraiglKlawock power grid. Once completed, most, ifnot all, of BlackBear Lake's energy
potential will be utilized. AP&T is constructing an intertie to Hollis, and these loads will soon be
interconnected with the system. A schematic ofthe system is shown in Figure 1.
As a result ofthe new or planned interconnections and the expected full uti1ization ofthe Black
Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project, new hydroelectric projectsare beinginvestigated by AP&T and
others on Prince of Wales Island. These projectsinclude development on the south fork ofBear
Creek near Black Bear Lake, Wolflake near Hollis and Reynolds Creek nearHydaburg. These
projects all hold the promise to continueproviding PrinceofWales Island withinexpensive and
reliable hydropower energy.
The purpose ofthis energy plan is to quantify the benefits ofthese hydropower projects as
proposed and to identify the best long-range strategyfor interconnecting PrinceofWales Island".
This energy plan also projectselectrical loadgrowth and generation requirements, identifies and
predictstiming offuture resources, and targets the transmission interties to connect the various
communities ofPrince of Wales Island.
I Alaska Power&. Telephone is a privatelyheld corporation and is the largest utilityon PrinceofWalcs Island
2 Sealaska Corporation is the largest landholderon the island and whoseshareholders represent a significant
group of ratepayers on the island
3 The outlyingcommunities of Coffman Cove,WhalePass, Naukati, Port Protection and Edna Bay represent
minimal electrical loadsand are physically too distantto be includedin this analysis.
Prince ofWales Island
• Regional Energy Plan 1
Draft
September 1997

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EXISTING LOADS
n. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
In 1996, energy usage for the communities included in this study totaled approximately
22,200,000 kWhrs. The peak capacity demandfor this same period was approximately 5,600
kW. These figures represent a combined population of4,100 4 . Overall, energy requirements
have increased at an annual rate of9.6% since 1990. The electric utility providing powerto each
village and the respective loads for 1996is providedin Table 1.
Table I
Load Centen - PriJu:e orWaJes bland
1996
AVI. Annual ADnual
EDerlY Averale Load
Utility Generation Load Growth
City Utility Type (MWh) (kW) ('90-'96)
Crail AP&T Pvt 13,217 1,509 10.IS
Hollis AP&T Pvt 393 ..5 19.6S
Hydaburg AP&T Pvt 1,489 170 3.3S
Kasaan THREA Co-op 150 17 -O.S S
Klawock THREA Co-op 4,534 518 10.SS
Thorne Bay City of Thorne Bay Muni 2,450 280 4 .1 S
Total 22,233 2,538
FUTURE LOADS
The island economy is primarily natural resource based, although some tourism and governmental
activities help provide diversification. Natural resource activitiesincludeforest products, seafood
harvesting and processing, and mining. A general estimate offuture load growth has been made
from historical load growth patterns and from other sources ofdata"
1993 ECONOMICPROFn..E ANDFORECAST
In April 1993, an economic profileand forecast was completed by the McDowell Groupfor
Klawock Island Dock Company, Klawock-Heenya Corporation, SealaskaCorporation, and
Shaan-Seet, Inc. The report provided a forecast ofpopulation growth on the island for the 20year
period 1994-2014. The forecast was on a regional basis and did not include forecast for
individual population centers. The resultsofthe forecast are summarized in Table 2.
4 State of Alaska, Dept of Communityand Regional Affairs statistics.
S A detailed power requirements study for each of the communities has not been performedand it is beyond the
scope of this report to prepare such a forecast.
Prince a/Wales Island
Regional Energy Plan 3
Draft
September 1997

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EXISTING RESOURCES
Ill. GENERATION RESOURCES
To meetthe island's power requirements, the various utilities own and operate a number of diesel
generators and one hydroelectric facility. In addition, certaintransmission interties have been
constructed or are being planned. These existing generationresourcesare summarized below.
BLACKBEAR LAKE HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
In 1995, AP&Tconstructedthe 4.5-megawatt Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project. The
projectis located in the center ofPrince of Wales Island approximately 9 miles east ofKlawock.
Thishighhead project has approximately 3,000acre-feet ofstorage that is capable of providing
approximately 3.6 million kilowatt-hours of stored energy. Averageannual energy generation is
estimated to be 23 million kilowatt-hours. Black Bear Lake is the primary generation resource for
Craig and Klawock and approximately 80 percent ofthe project's available energy wasused by
Craigand Klawock in 1996. Once the transmission intertieto Thome Bay andKasaan is
completed, the project is expected to be at or near full utilization.
DIESEL
Each of the island's existing load centers hasseveral diesel units installed as summarized in Table
5. For Craig and Klawock, the units are used instand-by mode for periods whenBlack Bear
Lake is downfor maintenance, low wateror cannot meet load. For the remaining communities,
diesel generators are the primeand only source of energy. As loadsgrow, these diesel resources
will be increasingly relied on absent othernewhydroelectric resources.
Table 5
Iostalled Diesel Capacity
Installed Largest Agcof
Load Capacity Unit Number Oldest
Center (kW) (kW) of Units Unit
Crai2 4,850 1,600 5 20
Hollis 240 145 2 3
HvdabW'2 1,085 380 4 15
Kasaan 246 90 4 20
Klawock 1.300 SOO 3 30
Theme Bay 1.425 650 3 4
Prince ofWales Island
RegionalEnergy Plan 7
Draft
September 1997

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CRAIo-KLAWOCK
In late 1987, the State ofAlaska, through the Alaska Energy Authority, constructed a six-mile
34.5 kV transmission intertiebetween Craig and Klawock. Once these two communities were
electricallyinterconnected, economies ofscale in diesel generation could be obtained, which
resulted in immediatesavings to the consumers. Additionally, the intertie increased the economies
ofBlack Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project by allowing both load centers to be served by the
resource and, therefore, allowing the project to beconstructed. The intertie is owned by the State
but leased, operated, and maintained by AP&T pursuant to the terms ofa long-term agreement.
BLACK BEAR - 1lI0RNE BAY - KASAAN
In early 1997 the City ofThome Bay and AP&T entered into an agreementwhereas the City
would purchase wholesale power from AP&T's Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project. The
agreement is based on the successful completionofan intertie from Black Bear Lake to Thome
Bay and on to Kasaan. This intertiehas received federal funding which is being administered by
the U.S. Department ofEnergy and is in the process ofobtaining additional funding from the state
ofAlaska. The line would extend 18 miles from Black Bear Lake to Goose Creek at which point
it would split and be extended 6 miles to Thome Bay and 5 milesto South Thome Bay. From
South Thome Bay, the linewould extend 12 miles to Kasaan. The line is estimated to bein .
service by the end of1999. Loads that could be served by this line includethe conununities of
Thome Bay and Kasaan and other areas now selfgenerating such as the Goose Creek Industrial
Park and the south Thome Bay subdivision.
KLAWOCK - HOLLIS
AP&T has been gradually extending their service territory outward from both Klawock and
Hollis. AP&T plans to eventually interconnectthe two communities. This 10.4 mile intertie is
expected to be constructed in three phases and complete by the year 2000.
HOLLIS - HYDABURG
Currently, an intertie between the community ofHydaburg and the rest ofthe island does not
exist. However, once the grid system has been extended to Hollis, completion ofthis last
remaining link in the system may have merit. With the line in place, additional flexibility in
generation will become available. The cost ofconstructing this 20-mile-Iong lineis estimated at $
2 million.
Prince a/Wales Island
Regional Energy Plan 9
Draft
September 1997

APPROACH
IV. ANALYSIS
An analysis was performed to evaluate the costs ofseveraldistinct power supplyoptions on the
island. Each option, described in greater detaillater. was evaluated by projectingthe annual costs
throughthe study period ending in the year 2030. The projection ofcosts was performed on a
nominal basis in that the effects of inflation are included. The net present value ofthese costs
werethen determined using several different discount rates. These net present values were then
compared to determine the least-cost power supplyofthe options evaluated. In this analysis, the
options withthe least presentvalue cost havethe most benefits.
RESOURCE SCENARIOS
Thisanalysis compares the threelogical approachesto resourcedevelopment on the island. The
approaches can be generalized as:
• Generation to meetthe requirement ofthe CraiglKlawock interconnected area to
include Thome Bay, Kasaan and Hollis. Generation would come from the existing
BlackBear Hydroelectric Project supplemented by eithercontinued diesel generation
or future hydropower such as that generated from the South Fork andlor WolfLake
projects.
• Generation to meet the requirement ofthe Hydaburg area. Being electrically isolated,
generation wouldhave to come continued diesel generation or future hydropower
generated fromthe Reynolds Creek project.
• Generation to meet all the requirements ofthe island. Thisscenario assumes
complete interconnection ofall the communities on the island. Since interconnection
of the existing system to the communities ofKasaan and Hollis is alreadyscheduled to
take place, this option evaluates the economic benefits ofthe Hollis-Hydaburg intertie.
Additional benefits, such as being able to optimize the dispatch ofthe hydroelectric
projects, load sharing and redundancy in generation, that are the result ofan
interconnected system have not been quantified in thisanalysis.
The resource optionsbeing compared are those described in the previous section ofthis report,
namely the South Fork, WolfLake and Reynolds Creek hydroelectric projectsversus continued
diesel generation. Other theoretical resource options may exist that are not included in the
analysis. Theseinclude suchoptions as wind, solar, tidal, hydroelectric sites yet to be sponsored,
interconnections with other regions, and others. .rnese options were considered to be too
speculative or having too much riskand were not considered.
Table 6 shows the combinations of the resource scenarios and the year ofdevelopment usedin
this analysis.
Prince ofWales Island
Regional Energy Plan 10
Draft
&ptember 1997
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Table'
Raource SceaarioI
Rqioaal
Case 1 represents the base case ofcontinued diesel generation and will be the threshold for which
the other resource alternatives will be compared.
Regional interconnection is used to describe a completely integrated electrical system, energy is
assumed to flow both directions over the intertie as loads and resourceswarrant. SinceHydaburg
has ample diesel generation, regional interconnection under the all diesel case was not evaluated.
ASSUMPTIONS
The primary assumptions used in the analysis are summarized below. More detailed assumptions
are presented inthe appendices to this report.
• General inflation and discount rates for allcasesare 2.701'0 and 7% per year,
respectively.
• Costofdebt and return on equity are 8% and 14.75% respectively. These ratesare
reflective ofcurrent lending rates and APUC regulations. Capitalinvestments are
assumed to be funded with 10% equity and 90% debt.
• Annual taxes are reflective ofeach ofthe projectsponsor's financial positions.
• Depreciable lives for the diesel, hydroelectric, and transmission projects is 20, SO, and
35 years respectively.
• Diesel fuel costs in 1997are $1.00 per gallon and have a real escalation of0.5% per
year.
• Diesel generation efficiency is 14 kWh/gallon for Craig and Klawockand 13
kWh/gallon for all other load centers.
• Variable costs ofdiesel generation are SO.OI/kWh to reflect the avoided cost of
alternative generation. Fixed costs would be common to all power supply options and
are not included.
• Potential seasonal variations between power requirements and hydroelectric
generation has not been included.
Prince ofWalesIsland
Regional Energy Plan 11
Drtift
September1997

RESULTS
• Capital costs for new projects include direct constructioncosts, indirect construction
costssuchas engineering, licensing, and permitting, and contingencies.
• Hydroelectric projects include a SO.OlIkWh annual land lease payment.
• Variable O&M costs for hydroelectric generation are SO.OIIkWh.
• The Reynolds Creek project cost wasreduced by S3 million to account for its current
grant status.
• Variable O&M costs for transmission lines are S 2000/mile.
The results of the analysis using the mid-level load forecast are shownin Table 7 below. The
presentvalue of production and transmission costs through the year 2030have beendiscounted
back to 1998 dollars using a 7% annual discount rate. Costs common to alloptions are not
included.
Table 7
Summary ofResults
Mid-level Load Forecast
Regioaal
Iaterconaectioa
Praeat
Value of
ColtS
The results for cases 2 & 5 are the samebecause the cost ofReynolds Creek was set equal to the
continued cost of diesel generation in Hydaburg for the mid-load forecast. r
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Load Forecasts
The results of the analysis usingthe high and low load forecasts are presented in Tables 8 and 9
below.
Prince a/Wales Island
RegionalEnergy Plan 12
Draft
September 1997
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Regional Interconnection
Table I
Summary cf Re.ItI
Hip.level Load ForecaJt
RqioaaJ
1DteRODDectiOD
Table 9
Summary of Results
Low-level Load Forecast
RqiODai
IDterconnection
Present
Value of
Costs
Praeat
Vaiueof
Costs
Connection ofthe Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project and the communities ofThome Bay and
Kasaan is being made possible by investment participation from the U.S. Dept. ofEnergy, the
State ofAlaska, and AP&T. To evaluate the merits ofa similar financing approach to completing
the HollislHydaburg interconnection, case 6 was evaluated assuming 50% grant funding ($1 M)
and the remaining 500.10 ($1 M) financed with a 00.10 interest loan. Using these assumptions, the
benefits under all load growth scenarios increase by approximately $1.7 M.
CONCLUSIONS
• Continued hydropower development appears to offer the greatest cost savings as compared to
diesel generation for all load growth scenarios.
• The benefits ofhydroelectric projects over diesel generation increase with increasing electrical
demand. The greatest benefit would come under the high load growth scenario with the
development ofthe Reynolds Creek and South Fork Hydroelectric Projects and the
Prince a/Wales Island
Regional Energy Plan 13
Draft
September 1997

construction of the Hollis-Hydaburg intertie. Underthe high-load growth scenario, expansion
of the Reynolds Creekprojectto S MW could resuhin an additional $4.2 M in benefits ifthe
Hollis-Hydaburg intertie wasin-place.
• Ifloads on the island wereto grow anywhere nearthe rate that has been experienced in recent
years, the benefits of thesehydroelectric projectsand regional interconnection would increase
dramatically overthe results shown.
• Completion of the intertie system and continued hydropower development on the island could
offset the need for diesel generation for an additional 20 years under the mid-load growth
scenario.
• Financing of the Hollis-Hydaburg intertiewith 51 M in grants and 5 1 M with 00.10 interest
state loanswould result in an additional benefit of about 51.7 M under the mid-load growth f
scenario assuming the Reynolds Creek project was constructed.
• Underthe mid-load growth scenario, the Reynolds Creekprojectcan onlysupporta weighted
cost of capital of 6.25% which is less than the 8.675% rate assumed. To supportthe above [
findings andprovide the regulated rate ofretum to investors, an additional 51.5 M grant or
52.5 M in zero-interest loans, or some combination thereof would be required.
• The benefits of hydroelectric projects over diesel generation are proportional to the cost of
diesel fuel.
• Discount rateshigher than the 7% assumed in thisanalysis reduce the benefits of high capital
projects. Conversely, discount rates lower thanthe assumed rate increase the benefits of
high capital projects.
Prince ofWales Island
Regional Energy Plan 14
Draft l
September 1997
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