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572 PHILIP P. BETANCOURT ET AL.
EM II by Krause in his extensive study of Early Minoan figurines.94 These
assertions may help to date 53 because its context is of no help in close
dating (it comes from the mixed secondary deposit of the burial cave with
pottery dating from Neolithic through Late Minoan).
A complete stone figurine made of green igneous rock (Fig. 15:54) was
dubbed the Green Goddess after its excavation from the cave. One side of
the sculpture is modeled in the shape of a scarab, while its belly is incised
with lines indicating the head, upper body, folded arms, and pubic triangle
of a female sculpture whose arm position recalls Cycladic folded-arm
figurines. It is too morphologically different to be classified in Branigan's
system. The Green Goddess, which has been previously published,95 is a
unique local Cretan figure that has some affinities with Cycladic folded-
arm figurines but is carved in a very different style.
A complete figurine made from animal bone was incised with eyes, a
flat nose, open mouth, and ears formed by angled cuts (Fig. 15:55). The
back of the head has a cylindrical, vertical hollow due to the original marrow
cavity in the bone. The incised arms join at the waist, while V-lines
suggest the pelvic area, and additional lines mark the upper legs. An incised
line signifies the bottom of the buttocks, and a vertical line differentiates
the upper legs; the lower legs are completely separated. This figure should
definitely be added to the four known Siva-type figurines as defined by
Branigan.96 The previously known examples are made of bone or ivory
and are comparable in height to 55. The separate legs of 55 are paralleled
by those of figurine F14 from inside Tholos Tomb Gamma at Phourni,
Archanes.97 Figurine F14 comes from a stratified level where the majority
of the pottery is dated to EM II A.98 The use of bone and the separate legs
are distinctly non-Cycladic features.99
Beginning in EM III/MM IA, the human figures of Minoan Crete
are clothed. At Hagios Charalambos, a small group of hippopotamus ivory
figurine pendants were excavated, and they seem to have long garments.
Two examples (Fig. 14:56, 57) are both flat on the back surface and use
the obtuse angle of the triangular hippopotamus incisor to full effect as
Figure 15. Figurines 54 (H. 9.8 cm)
and 55 (H. 8.9 cm)
94. Krause 1992, p. 310, nos. ID.138,
330, 332.
95. Betancourt 2003, p. 8.
96. Branigan 1972a, pp. 71-72,
fie. 1:13; 1972b, p. 23, fig. l:e.
97. Papadatos 2005, pp. 30, 32-33,
fig. 22.
98. Papadatos 2005, p. 10.
99. Papadatos 2005, p. 30.