efects of turbine type selection on technical and economical ... - ESHA

EFECTS OF TURBINE TYPE SELECTION
ON TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL BENEFITS
OF THE NEW SHPP PROJECT
Authors: Hajrudin DZAFO Dipl.-Ing. & Dzevad FAZLIC Dipl.-Ing.
JP Elektroprivreda BiH d.d.- Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnian hydropower historical overview:
years: 1899 – first SHPP Jajce ( 8 x 1,0 MW)
to 1918 – six SHPP in operation with 7,3 MW
after 1945 – NO interest for SHPP !?
from 1999. up today:
NEW AGE FOR SMALL HYDRO IN BOSNIA !

Year 1899 – Bosnia & Herzegovina:
the first Hydro power plant Jajce ( 8 x 1,0 MW)

IS IT BOSNIAN PYRAMIDE !??

Year 2008: Bosnia & Herzegovina:
rivers and streamflows

FEDERATION OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA: Hydropotential for new SHPP
Year 2008: 15 SHPP... in operation
50 SHPP... under contruction
200 SHPP ...concession contracts

THE AREA OF POWER PLANT PROJECT
CEMERNICA & KALJANI
- East Bosnia -

SMALL HYDRO POWER PLANT
CEMERNICA & KALJANI
SCHEME

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Srednji protok
Q BAZNO TEH:MIN,
GODIŠNJA KRIVA TRAJANJA PROTOKA
(m3/s)
THE ANNUAL FLOW DURATION CURVE:
location <strong>of</strong> SHPP Cemernica & SHPP Kaljani
RASPOLOŢIVI PROTOK (m3/s)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
TRAJANJE PROTOKA (% godišnje)

Number <strong>of</strong> units: ......... 1
Type <strong>of</strong> <strong>turbine</strong>: .......... Pelton
The installed power
<strong>of</strong> <strong>turbine</strong>: ................... 530 kW
Annual generation: ....... 2,1 GWh
THE SHPP CEMERNICA ( 530 kW )
Average annual flow ....Qmean = 0,370 m3/s
The installed flow ....Qi = 0,500 m3/s
Pressure pipeline length / diameter:
d = 1481,00 m / 600/500 mm
Gross head / Net head: 129,61 m / 120,16 m

THE SHPP KALJANI
Two Francis Units versus Two Cross-flow Units
Criteria (No.1)…..Annual generation:
VS
Variant I: 2 x Francis unit ….... Hn = 36,5 m; Qi = 2 x 2,0 m3/s
Variant II: 2 x Cross flow unit … Hn = 36,5 m; Qi = 2 x 2,0 m3/s
Variant III: 1 x Cross flow unit ….. Hn=36,5m; Qi= 2,0 m3/s
1 x Francis unit ……… Hn=36,5m; Qi= 2,0 m3/s (peak=89%)

THE SHPP KALJANI
Two Francis Units versus Two Cross-flow Units
Criteria (No.1)…..Annual generation:
Variant I: 2 x Francis unit ….... Hn = 36,5 m; Qi = 2 x 2,0 m3/s
Annual generation (GWh)
teh.min.(%Qi) 40% 50% 60%
peak (%)
90,5 4,67 4,64 4,00
89,0 4,62 5,56 3,95
87,0 4,52 4,46 3,85

THE SHPP KALJANI
Two Francis Units versus Two Cross-flow Units
Criteria (No.1)…..Annual generation:
Variant II: 2 x Cross flow unit … Hn = 36,5 m; Qi = 2 x 2,0 m3/s
Flow rate 100% 90% 60% 30% 17%
Output kW 610 549 366 183 101
Flow rate l/s 2000 1800 1200 600 340
Efficiency (%) ( ή ) 84 84 84 83 81
Annual generation <strong>of</strong> Variant II: ....... 4,68 GWh

THE SHPP KALJANI
Two Francis Units versus Two Cross-flow Units
Criteria (No.1)…..Annual generation:
Variant III: 1 x Cross flow unit ….. Hn=36,5m; Qi= 2,0 m3/s
1 x Francis unit ……… Hn=36,5m; Qi= 2,0 m3/s (peak=89%)
Annual generation <strong>of</strong> Variant III: ....... Francis unit:........ 2,95 GWh
........ Cross flow unit:.. 1,87 GWh
Total:__________ 4,82 GWh
Criteria (No.2)…..Governing system – control equipment:
It is complicated connect equipment <strong>of</strong> different suppliers,
also incompatible auxiliary governing systems.
From that reasons, we compare and not accepted variant III.

THE SHPP KALJANI
Selected solution <strong>of</strong> hydroelectric generating units
for SHPP Kaljani and SHPP Cemernica:
SHPP Cemernica:.......one Pelton unit (two runners with four nozzles)...530 kW
SHPP Kaljani: ..............two cross flow <strong>turbine</strong>s ..................................2 x 630 kW
with these hydraulic characteristics for one <strong>turbine</strong>:
Gross head .......... Hb = 39,50 m
Net head .............. Hnet = 37,00 m
Hydraulic losses ... ∑t = 2,50 m
Flow rates: ... maximum flow rate at Hnet ... Qmax = 2.000 l/s
minimum flow rate at Hnet Qmin = 340 l/s
Guaranteed performance based on the hydraulic data in full regulation:
Flow rate 100% 90% 60% 30% 17%
Output kW 630 567 378 189 107
Flow rate l/s 2000 1800 1200 600 340
Efficiency (%) ( ή ) 87 87 87 87 85

THE SHPP KALJANI ( 2 x 580 kW Generator output)

THE SHPP CEMERNICA & SHPP KALJANI COMMON POWERHOUSE
(1 PELTON + 2 CROSFLOW = 3 UNITS )

THE SHPP CEMERNICA & SHPP KALJANI COMMON POWERHOUSE
(1 PELTON + 2 CROSFLOW = 3 UNITS )
THE POWERHOUSE
UNDER CONTRUCTION,
May 2008.

CONCLUSION
The main characteristic <strong>of</strong> this design solution
is the joint powerhouse for both power plants.
From tender request for two Francis <strong>turbine</strong>, to final
decision for choosing this <strong>turbine</strong> <strong>type</strong>, with technical and
economical strong reasons, processing explained.
Turbine-generator unit <strong>selection</strong> for the new small
hydropower plant is a very sensitive phase <strong>of</strong> the project
development, needs more criteria involved in process <strong>of</strong>
designing.
Most important criteria are technical availability operation
all equipment during annual period with highest number
<strong>of</strong> working hours, which means highest total income for
owners and investors <strong>of</strong> the small hydropower projects.

Hajrudin DZAFO Dipl.-Ing. Dzevad FAZLIC Dipl.-Ing.
E-mail: h.dzafo@elektroprivreda.ba dz.fazlic@elektroprivreda.ba
Bosnia and Herzegovina
THANK YOU FOR ATENTION !