Power Statistics - 2010 Edition - Full Report - Eurelectric

Power Statistics 

2010 Edition 

full report

The Union of the Electricity Industry–EURELECTRIC is the sector association representing 

the common interests of the Electricity Industry at pan-European level, plus its affiliates and 

associates on several other continents. 

In line with its mission, EURELECTRIC seeks to contribute to the competitiveness of the 

Electricity Industry, to provide effective representation for the industry in public affairs, and 

to promote the role of electricity both in the advancement of society and in helping provide 

solutions to the challenges of sustainable development. 

EURELECTRIC’s formal opinions, policy positions and reports are formulated in Working 

Groups, composed of experts from the Electricity Industry, supervised by five Committees. 

This “structure of expertise” ensures that EURELECTRIC’s published documents are based 

on high-quality input with up-to-date information. 

For further information on EURELECTRIC activities, visit our website www.eurelectric.org, which 

provides general information on the association and on policy issues relevant to the Electricity 

Industry; latest news of our activities; EURELECTRIC positions and statements; a publications 

catalogue listing EURELECTRIC reports; and information on our events and conferences. 

Union of the Electricity Industry – EURELECTRIC – A.I.S.B.L. 

Boulevard de l’Impératrice, 66 – Boîte 2 – B- 1000 Brussels – Belgium 

Tel: + 32 2 515 10 00 – Fax: + 32 2 515 10 10 

www.eurelectric.org 

EURELECTRIC pursues in all its activities the application of the following sustainable development values: 

• Economic Development 

Growth, added-value, efficiency 

• Environmental Leadership 

Commitment, innovation, pro-activeness 

• Social Responsibility 

Transparency, ethics, accountability



full report

2 Power Statistics – 2010 Edition – Full Report

Foreword 

The electricity industry has been steadily reducing its carbon footprint in recent years. Whilst 

a double-digit growth has been attained in terms of electricity production, the carbon dioxide 

emissions in the EU-27 have roughly stabilised, which shows a clear decrease in the carbon content 

of each kilowatt-hour of electricity supplied. This decrease is the result of large-scale introduction 

of carbon-neutral generation capacity into the system as well as more advanced, clean technologies 

for conventional plants. 

I am happy to share with you Power Statistics 2010, the 38 th edition of the EURELECTRIC statistical 

yearbook (formerly called EURPROG). Building on the expertise of our members, this report aims 

to give a better understanding of the European electricity sector and its latest developments. 

Beyond historical data, Power Statistics 2010 also delivers perspectives on 2020 and 2030 to show 

the trends to carbon-neutral electricity. 

An affordable, secure and sustainable supply of electricity is one of the cornerstones of modern 

society. The electricity industry plays a key role in advancing towards a low-carbon economy 

and society. Firstly, the industry is committed to decreasing its own emissions even further. With 

the right economy-wide framework in place, EURELECTRIC’s objective is to achieve a 90% CO 2 

emission reduction by 2050 over 2005 levels, as laid out in our Power Choices study. Secondly, 

carbon-neutral electricity, by steadily increasing its share in the energy mix and especially 

in applications such as transport and heating & cooling, will then provide the basis for carbon 

neutrality of our societies at large. However, many challenges still lie ahead of us: the deployment 

of all low-carbon technologies, the integration of electricity markets currently constrained by 

national borders, a major paradigm shift towards the electrification of society, and finally the 

right political framework, which depends on policymakers’ decisions and on the support of the 

general public. 

Power Statistics 2010 provides you with the latest available statistics. For us, primary and 

independent data from the electricity industry constitute the very ingredient for decision-making: 

a solid basis for assessing the current situation, as well as the way ahead. 

Lars G. Josefsson 

President of EURELECTRIC 

Power Statistics – 2010 Edition – Full Report 3


Contents 

Foreword 3 

Synopsis Report 7 

General Information 25 

1.1 Trends in general economic indicators 26 

1.1.1 Breakdown of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 26 

1.1.2 Population 33 

1.2 General structure of the Electricity Sector in 2008 34 

1.3 Comments 35 

Demand 48 

2.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand 48 

2.2 Sectoral Breakdown 57 


Supply 68 

3.1a Generation Equipment – Capacity by Primary Energy 68 

3.1b Generation Equipment – Capacity by Technology 85 

3.1.3a CHP Capacity by Fuel 93 

3.1.3b CHP by Company Type 99 

3.2 Evolution of generation Equipment 103 

3.2.1 New Capacities 103 

3.3 Electricity production 114 

3.3.1a Annual production by Primary Energy 114 

3.3.1b Annual production by Technology 131 

3.3.2 CHP production 139 


Balances 149 

4.1 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) 149 

4.2 Capacity 160 

4.3 Electricity balances 166 


Environment 174 

5.1 Fuel consumption for electricity generation 174 

5.2 Emissions 181 


Early Power Statistics – 2009 188 

6.1 Installed capacity 188 

6.2 Electricity Generation 195 

6.3 Electricity Balances 202 


6 Power Statistics – 2010 Edition

Synopsis 

Power Statistics – 2010 Edition 7

8 Power Statistics – 2010 Edition 

5 

Key Messages 

Electricity demand rose by 70% 

between 1980 and 2008 

This trend towards electrification is expected to continue and reflects the 

substitution of fossil fuels with electricity in prime sectors such as heating 

and transport (Figures 1 & 5). 

Electricity Efficiency is increasing 

Power Statistics 2010 shows a clear de-coupling of electricity generation 

from fuel consumption, a trend that is expected to become even more 

significant in the next 20 years (Figure 13).

The electricity industry 

is reducing its emissions 

Power Statistics 2010 sheds light on a continuous decrease in CO 2 emissions, 

as well as in other gases (SO 2 and NO x ). CO 2 emissions from electricity 

generation fell by 33 % in relative terms between 1980 and 2008, and will 

be more than halved by 2030. Compared to 1980, SO 2 emissions have been 

reduced by 80 % and NO x emissions by 60 % (Figures 14-17). 

Power is and will be generated 

using all available technologies 

Power Statistics 2010 shows that the entire range of power generation 

technologies has been used, although the proportions have shifted over 

time. This diversified mix is crucial to ensure security of supply and to 

achieve an optimal balance between intermittent renewable energy sources 

(RES) and flexible and back-up capacity (Figures 9-11). 

The electricity industry is investing 

significantly in RES 

Power Statistics 2010 shows that the electricity industry has taken up 

the challenge and has become a significant investor in ‘new’ RES (mainly 

wind, solar and biomass), whose capacity in 2008 was almost 60 times the 

capacity in 1980. But for the industry to deliver in an optimal way – carbonneutral, 

commercially viable, at affordable prices – an integrated European 

electricity market is needed (Figure 12). 



What is Power Statistics 2010? 

Power Statistics 2010 gathers the latest available data from the electricity sector, with forecasts up to 2030. 

It contains referenced data: 

• from EURELECTRIC members from all 27 EU member states, as well as from Switzerland, Norway 

and Turkey; 

• for the years 1980, 1990, 2000, 2007, 2008, as well as forecasts for 2010, 2020 and 2030. 

concerning: 

• the structure of the electricity industry; 

• trends in general economic indicators; 

• peak demand and load management; 

• medium and long-term generating prospects; 

• sectoral electricity consumption; 

• electricity balances; 

• fuel consumption in and emissions from the electricity sector. 

Power Statistics 2010 primarily contains data from 2008, although preliminary information on 2009 has 

also been gathered and is partly integrated into the report. 

The synopsis of EURELECTRIC’s Power Statistics 2010 conveys key messages about the electricity 

industry and its position in Europe.

Setting the Scene: 

Macroeconomic and Regulatory Trends 

Economic crisis and electricity demand downturn 

With the world economy in turmoil from late 2008, the recession 

began affecting the electricity sector severely from 2009 

onwards. Between 2008 and 2009 overall energy consumption 

in the EU-27 decreased by 5.5 %. 1 

While not explicitly reflected in the 2008 figures, the economic 

downturn appears very clearly in the provisional 2009 data 

incorporated into this report. Energy-intensive industries 

reduced their consumption significantly, thus reducing total 

electricity consumption. Electricity demand was affected from 

2008 or 2009 onwards (depending on the country in question), 

showing negative consumption trends. Total EU electricity 

demand dropped, between 2008 and 2009, by 4.2 % from 

3,165 TWh to 3,034 TWh (see Figure 1). 

Despite the overall decrease in electricity demand, national 

patterns vary widely – the economic crisis did not strike evenly 

throughout Europe. In 2009, Slovenia experienced the biggest 

year-on-year decrease, with a decline of 10.9 %. Slovakia, 

Hungary and Estonia also experienced cuts exceeding 8 %. As 

for the large electricity consuming countries, demand fell by 6.5 % 

in Italy, by 5.2 % in Germany, by 4.3 % in Spain and by 3.9 % in 

the UK. Within this category, only France saw a lower decrease 

of 1.6 %. Similar decreases (between 1 and 2 percentage points) 

were registered in Bulgaria, Poland, Portugal and Romania. 

The only country with rising demand was Cyprus (+ 2 %). 

1 Source: DG ENER, Energy Trends 2030. 

Figure 1: EU-27 Total electricity demand (EU-27) 

3500 

3000 

2500 

2000 

1500 

1000 

500 

0 

Total demand (TWh) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2009 


Outlook up to 2030 

Gross domestic product trends 

Although economic growth is expected to resume from 2010 

onwards, the recent recession will have a long-term impact even 

beyond 2015. It will be difficult to recover the important losses in 

gross domestic product (GDP) across Europe in the near future. 

Average EU growth prospects for 2011 and 2012 are indicated to 

be around 1 %. A further increase in GDP across Europe is to be 

expected from 2013 onwards. 

A breakdown of the EU-27 GDP (see Figure 2) reveals the dominant 

role of services (including transportation). Both the industry 

and services sectors recover after 2010, partially offsetting the 

negative effects of the 2008-2009 crisis. Sustained recovery will 

then occur between 2020 and 2030. 

Based on these figures, the standard of living in Europe (GDP 

per capita) is expected to increase at a low rate of roughly 1-2 % 

annually, near or even above inflation rates. Recovery will be 

very unequal across Europe, and forecasts are contradictory 

and require further detailed analysis. The resulting, increased 

pressure on all resource requirements and infrastructure, 

including energy, electricity and associated networks, means 

that strong incentives for investment will be needed. 

Figure 2: Breakdown of EU-27 gross domestic product 

(billion euros at 2000 price levels and exchange rate) 

GDP (2000 prices) 

16000 

14000 

12000 

10000 

8000 

6000 

4000 

2000 

Breakdown of Gross Domestic Product 

Agriculture 

Industry 

Services 

Gross Domestic Product 

0 

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 


Demography: low population growth 

to be offset by dynamic migration 

Demographic trends within the EU-27 will continue to follow a 

low growth scenario (see Figure 3), with some countries on a 

negative growth track. For instance, the German population will 

drop from 82 million in 2008 to 78 million in 2030, while Italy’s 

population of approximately 60 million is expected to decrease 

to 58 million during the same period. Dynamic immigration is 

expected to be an important factor in offsetting this trend. 

Figure 3: Demographic evolution of the EU population 

(thousands, at year end) 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

Demographic evolution of the EU population 

463.648 

476.199 488.145 

503.076 505.305 506.948 515.345 521.653 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030

Fossil fuel price trends: 

continuous increase up to 2030 

Oil prices are expected to increase up to 2030, as forecast by 

the Prometheus model developed by the National Technical 

University of Athens (see Figure 4). They would rise to 72 Euros/ 

bbl by 2015 and to roughly 106 Euros/bbl by 2030. Gas prices will 

follow a similar curve, albeit at lower price levels. Coal prices will 

rise to 17 Euros/boe in 2015 and stabilise at around 29 Euros/ 

boe by 2030. Thus, fossil fuel prices for oil, gas and coal are all 

expected to increase throughout the entire projection period. 

Electricity demand grows steadily 

EURELECTRIC’s Power Choices study foresees electricity demand 

to grow steadily over the next decades, substituting fossil fuels 

as the primary source of energy (see Figure 5). This will primarily 

materialise because of a shift in some high consumption sectors, 

namely transport and heating. The increased use of electronic 

appliances will push electricity consumption even further. Final 

curves will appear to flatten, since energy efficiency measures 

(including generation efficiency), demand side measures (DSM), 

smart grids as well as other new technologies applied to the 

sector are expected to contribute. 

Figure 4: Energy price trends up to 2030 Figure 5: Share of electricity in the overall EU energy mix 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

Fossil Fuel Prices in Baseline (Constant Euro of 2008 per boe) 

Oil 

Gas (NCV) 

Coal 

71.88 

44.18 

17.22 

88.41 

62.11 

25.81 

105.88 

76.59 

29.35 

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 

share 

50 

45 

40 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

Electricity Share (%) in the Energy Mix 

Solids 

Oil 

Gas 

Electricity 

Steam/Heat 

renewables 

0 

1990 2000 2005 2010 2020 2030 

Source: DG ENER, Energy Trends 2030, 2010, based on Prometheus. Source: EURELECTRIC, Power Choices, June 2010. Values here are 

shown as final consumption, and electricity values do not include 

electricity consumption of the electricity sector. 


Policy and regulatory trends: decarbonisation, 

market integration and security of supply 

Figure 6 summarises some of the most recent EU policy 

developments. The implementation of the third liberalisation 

package is on the agenda for early 2011. Yet with the second 

liberalisation package still not fully implemented across member 

states, a full implementation of the third liberalisation package 

cannot be expected before 2015 at the earliest. Completing 

the internal energy market remains an ambitious project, with 

interconnectors gaining prominence, as within the European 

Commission’s infrastructure package. An integrated European 

electricity market is key for EURELECTRIC’s members. 

Along with the opening of energy markets, the EU agreed upon 

an ambitious climate and energy package aimed at fostering 

the development of less carbon-intensive energy systems. 

Figure 6: EU-27 policy trends 

Energy 

Strategy 

Security of 

Supply (SoS) 

Renewables 

20% by 2020 

Emissions 

-20% by 2020 

Energy 

Efficiency 

-20% by 2020 

Market 

Liberalisation 

EU Policy Developments 


The ‘RES Directive’ (Directive 2009/28), the setting up of a 

regulatory framework for the development of carbon capture 

and storage (CCS) (Directive 2009/31), and the amended ETS 

Directive (Directive 2009/29) represent major steps towards 

the decarbonisation of the EU economy. Furthermore, energy 

efficiency is expected to become a priority from the beginning 

of 2011 onwards, when a revised Energy Efficiency Action Plan 

will be brought forward by the European Commission. 

As a strong supporter of the EU’s three main energy policy 

objectives – the completion of the single European energy 

market, decarbonisation and energy security – EURELECTRIC is 

in permanent consultation with the European Commission on 

the new legislation and its implementation. 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ...up to 2020...up to 2030...up to 2040 ...up to 2050 

electricity SoS directive 

1 st res directive 

an energy policy for europe 

2 nd strategic energy review 

eu energy strategy 2020 

2 nd res directive 

eu infrastructure package 

gas SoS directive gas SoS regulation 

res financing communication 

ets phase 1 ets phase 2 ets phase 3 

1 st ee action plan 2 nd ee action plan 3 rd ee action plan 

1 st liberalisation package 2 nd liberalisation package 3 rd liberalisation package 

eu roadmap 2050 (climate, move, energy) 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ...up to 2020...up to 2030...up to 2040 ...up to 2050

Electricity Statistics 

Demand Trends 

Electricity demand increases, 

driven by heating and transport 

Over a period of nearly three decades, from 1980 to 2008, 

electricity demand increased by more than 70 % (see Figure 1 

above). While the economic crisis led to a reduction in demand 

of about 4.2 %, the shift towards electrification, as well as the 

recovery of electricity demand from industry and services, 

means growth will resume before 2020. 

All sectors – agriculture, industry, transport, services, 

as well as households – are expected to increase their 

electricity consumption up to 2020 (see Figure 7). Whilst 

Figure 7: Annual electricity consumption by sector 2 

industrial consumption will stabilise at around pre-crisis 

levels – in the range of 1,200 - 1,300 TWh – consumption by 

services is expected to rise from about 600 TWh (2008) to 

900 TWh by 2020. A spectacular shift will occur in household 

consumption, with a 40 % increase driven by the expected 

electrif ication of heating, as well as for example the increased 

usage of IT and electronic entertainment devices. Electricity 

consumption in the transport sector is also set to achieve 

double digit growth, assuming large-scale electrification 

of road transportation. 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010* 2020* 

Final Consumption 1,703.6 2,175.4 2,633.0 2,928.0 2,938.9 2,595.0 3,242.2 

of which Agriculture 46.2 59.1 60.5 55.9 57.0 52.9 62.6 

Industry 892.1 1,060.6 1,180.5 1,235.4 1,226.4 1,059.2 1,288.0 

Transport 48.9 61.6 74.6 79.3 76.1 66.0 98.1 

Services 262.8 427.2 595.4 607.0 606.4 660.6 888.9 

Households 405.5 562.6 716.2 655.3 653.7 745.9 904.6 

2 * For the sake of completeness, estimations have been performed by EURELECTRIC’s Secretariat in order to gain a comprehensive picture for the 

EU-27. As a consequence, it must be noted that this table differs from the table published in the full report. 


Peak demand: winter-summer shift in some 

countries due to large-scale air conditioning 

The statistics reveal a significant shift from winter to summer 

peak demand in some Mediterranean countries (e.g. Cyprus, 

Italy, Greece or Turkey) – a result of the introduction of largescale 

air conditioning. The reversal occurred in the Nineties in 

Cyprus and Greece, before 2007 in Italy, and from 2007 to 2008 

in Turkey. In all other countries peak demand continued to occur, 

depending on the weather, between December and February. 

Figure 8: Network losses vs. total electricity demand 


Network losses: important improvements 

in new member states 

Power Statistics 2010 provides data on network losses expressed 

both as a percentage and in TWh. It shows that the EU is moving 

towards lower network losses, resulting in more of the electricity 

produced being delivered to end customers (see Figure 8). 

However, a comparison of the data for the EU-15 and the twelve 

“new” EU member states reveals a continuing gap with regard to 

grid efficiency. Although network losses in the latter countries have 

diminished remarkably in recent years (e.g. in Bulgaria from 19.9 % 

in 2000 to 13.3 % in 2008), there is still room for improvement. 

Data also show that EU-15 member states can achieve significant 

progress. For example, network losses in Denmark dropped from 

6.6 % in 2000 to 4.0 % in 2008. 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010* 2020* 

Final Consumption 1,703.6 2,175.4 2,633.0 2,928.0 2,938.9 2,595.0 3,242.2 

Network Losses 136.9 167.2 211.8 201.3 201.4 181.9 222.1 

Network Losses - in % 7.4 7.1 7.4 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.4 

Total Electricity Demand 1,840.6 2,342.6 2,845.2 3,126.1 3,136.7 2,771.5 3,464.3

Generation Trends 

Installed capacity vs. electricity generation: 

independent trends 

Figure 9 clearly reveals the importance of the capacity factor 

of generating capacities. Different generation sources have 

different capacity factors, which are influenced by the type of 

resource used, the technology, etc. 3 Therefore, the shares of 

installed capacity for different technologies do not necessarily 

translate into the same shares in electricity production. 

Thus, although nuclear represented roughly one sixth of total 

generating capacity in 2008, its actual share of electricity production 

Figure 9: Installed capacity vs. electricity generation 

Installed Capacity in 2008 

Other Renewables 

11% 

Hydro 

17% 

A new, less carbon-intensive mix emerges 

Figures 9 and 10 give an overview of the development of 

electricity generation in the EU-27 between 1980 and 2008, as 

well as indications of future expected production. While nuclear 

production has stabilised in the last decade, fossil-fuel fired and 

RES generation have increased their respective shares in 2008. 

Thus, between 2000 and 2008, conventional thermal production 

increased by just 13 % to 1,729 TWh, while RES generation – 

mainly driven by wind – experienced a real boom, increasing by 

240 % to reach 226 TWh. Carbon-free electricity thus accounted 

for roughly 46 % of total generation in 2008. 

Figure 10: Evolution of electricity production in the EU-27 

Electricity Production 2020 (TWh) 

Other Res 

17% 

Hydro 

10% 

Not Specified 

0% 

Nuclear 

16% 

Fossil Fuel Fired 

56% 

Not Specified 

1% 

Nuclear 

26% 

Conventional Thermal 

46% 

was almost one third, since nuclear power plants are commonly 

run in base-load mode. By contrast, hydro capacities in the EU-27, 

which represented a similar share of generating capacity, yielded 

lower values of electricity production due to the several different 

running modes of hydro power plants. The low capacity factor of 

wind and solar (grouped under ‘other renewables’ in Figure 9) 

translated into relatively low electricity generation figures compared 

to installed capacity. However, this discrepancy does not apply to 

biomass plants, which tend to run in base-load or mid-merit mode. 

Electricity Generation in 2008 


7% 

According to the assumptions of EURELECTRIC members (Figure 

10), low-carbon generation sources such as RES, hydro and 

nuclear will constitute the major generation source by 2020, 

delivering more than 2,000 TWh, compared to 1,692 TWh from 

fossil fuels (53 % vs. 46 %). Low-carbon generation sources 

will continue to dominate the generation mix thereafter, thanks 

to a major increase of RES in electricity generation, as well as 

an increase in nuclear production. The data for 2030 show 

low-carbon electricity generation reaching some 60 % of total 

electricity production. 

3 The capacity factor of a power plant is the ratio of the actual electricity produced in a given period to the hypothetical maximum possible, 

i.e. its output if it had continuously operated at full nameplate capacity. 

Hydro 

11% 

Electricity Production 2030 (TWh) 

Other Res 

22% 

Hydro 

9% 

Not Specified 

1% 

Nuclear 

28% 


53% 

Not Specified 

0% 

Nuclear 

29% 


40% 


Capacity by technology: use them all 

A closer look at generation capacity by technology clearly 

demonstrates that the European electricity mix builds on a wide 

variety of energy sources and is set to remain highly diversified 

(see Figure 11). 

Figure 11: Evolution of installed capacity in the EU-27 in 2020 

and 2030 

Installed Capacity 2020 (MW) 

Other Res 

27% 

Hydro 

15% 


Other Res 

33% 


Not Specified 

1% 

Nuclear 

13% 


44% 

Not Specified 

0% 

Nuclear 

14% 

mal 

Hydro 

14% 


39% 

RES capacity takes off 

The advent of new RES, with hydro retaining an important 

share, is confirmed as a major trend. Between 1980 and 2008, 

RES capacity (mainly wind, solar and biomass) increased 

almost 60 times from about 1,600 MW to more than 93,000 MW. 

This trend is forecast to continue up to 2030, when RES 

generation capacity will have increased to 370,400 MW. As 

the major renewable energy source in the EU-27, hydropower 

accounted for roughly 142,000 MW of installed capacity in 

2008 compared to 99,000 MW in 1980. Although hydropower 


capacity is projected to only marginally increase by 2030, 

Not Specified 

its role will remain crucial: in certain EU areas 0% it will provide 

Nuclear 

an important Other Resback-up 

for intermittent renewable 14% generation 

33% 

such as wind and solar power. 

Nuclear power retains its importance 

Nuclear energy, which some years ago was expected to be 

phased out in some major EU member states, is assumed 

to remain a major generation source, representing slightly 

over a third of the capacity provided by fossil fuels in 2030. 

Although the current trend of growing nuclear capacity is set 

to continue at a slower pace in the next 20 years, nuclear will 

represent nearly three times the generation capacity available 

in 2030 compared to 1980 (154,700 MW against 42,400 MW). 

Power Statistics 2010 takes into account the latest policy 

developments so that the new assumptions for nuclear are 

reflected in the tables: in Sweden, as in Germany, the phaseout 

period of nuclear energy has been extended, with an 

average lifetime extension in Germany of 12 years. Further, 

Poland and Italy are assumed to build up nuclear capacity 

by 2030. 4 

Hydro 

14% 


39% 

4 It must be noted here that Italian forecasts have been taken from EURELECTRIC’s Power Choices report, which stipulated that nuclear power 

re-enters the Italian generation mix by 2020 and then increases at constant pace throughout the following decade.

The climate dimension: towards carbon-free electricity 

Fossil fuel capacities remain, but a strong shift towards carbon 

reduction can be witnessed. 

Natural gas has been displacing oil and coal in the last 

decades, creating the so-called ‘dash-for-gas’. Thanks to the 

lower carbon content of the primary fuel, shorter construction 

lead-times and lower capital costs, a major deployment of 

combined cycle gas turbine plants (CCGTs) has been witnessed 

throughout the continent, with capacity of gas-dependent 

electricity increasing nearly fourfold from 37,266 MW in 1980 

to 138,745 MW in 2008. Natural gas is assumed to further 

increase in the upcoming decades, albeit at a slower pace. 

As back-up capacity, it will play a fundamental role in flexibly 

complementing the integration of intermittent renewables 

electricity into the EU electricity market. 

Oil-based electricity generation fell by more than 70 % between 

1980 and 2008. Nevertheless, oil-fired generating units are 

New installed capacities: RES dominates 

As shown in Figure 12, some 25 GW of new capacity have been 

added between 2007 and 2008, the majority of which (around 

60 %) was RES. Looking at the conventional fleet, numbers 

seem to suggest that the majority of new fossil-fuelled plants 

are fired with natural gas rather than coal and oil. The reversal 

of phasing out and nuclear lifetime extension in countries like 

Figure 12: Generating capacity in the EU-27 in 2009 compared 

to 2008 and 2007 (MW) 

still used for peaking purposes, i.e. in times of high electricity 

demand. Furthermore, some countries, especially small island 

systems such as Malta and Cyprus, still rely on oil to generate 

their electricity, although a shift towards gas is envisaged. 

Among solids, coal and lignite have experienced different 

evolution patterns. Despite maintaining or even increasing 

its absolute volumes, hard coal saw its shares plunge from 

44 % to 30 % of total fossil fuel fired production between 

1980 and 2008. By contrast, the use of lignite has been 

growing steadily both in absolute and in relative terms (from 

16 % in 1980 to 18 % in 2008), driven by its abundance in 

some EU countries. 

According to EURELECTRIC’s Power Choices Study carbon 

capture and storage (CCS) will influence the future use of 

coal and gas in the generation mix, provided the technology 

reaches maturity and commercial roll-out starts in the period 

2020-2025. 

Sweden and Germany add, mathematically, new capacities, 

although without setting up new plants. Preliminary statistics 

confirm that all generation sources increased their capacity 

in 2009 compared to 2008, with RES increasing from 

93,342 MW to 107,491 MW. Wind made up over two thirds of 

total installed RES capacity. 

2007 2008 2009 2008/2007 2009/2008 

Nuclear 132,855 132,882 132,876 27 -6 

Conventional Thermal 436,464 446,936 456,967 10,472 10,031 

Hydro 140,894 141,788 142,617 893 829 

Other RES 77,983 93,342 107,491 15,359 14,149 

of which Wind 55,394 63,611 74,335 8,217 10,724 

Total 791,233 815,515 841,732 24,282 26,217 


Power balances and the need for a single 

European electricity market 

Increasing foreseeable not available capacity, 

the need for generation investment and for a 

balanced generation portfolio 

A look at capacity balances across the EU reveals an increase in 

total foreseeable not available capacity in nearly all EU member 

states. Spain for example witnessed an increase from 20,902 

MW in 2007 to 24,131 MW in 2008. Foreseeable not available 

capacity is set to increase to 45,825 MW in 2020 and to 62,280 

MW in 2030. Similar trends can be witnessed in many other 

countries. 

There are two reasons for this trend: on the one hand, the ageing 

generation park and related maintenance requirements are 

responsible for the current slight increase in foreseeable not 

available capacity. There is an urgent need to get investment 

conditions right to renew the generation park in many European 

countries. On the other hand, the non-dispatchable character of 

intermittent RES will accentuate this trend in the future. This fact 

underlines the need to improve the interaction between different 

generation sources, as well as the need to use them all to offset 

intermittency with non-intermittent conventional sources. 


Unequal net transfer capacities confirm 

the need for a European electricity market 

A country’s net transfer capacity refers to the capacity available 

for exports at peak times. Based on available data, the situation 

of EU member states is quite diverse. Significant available net 

transfer capacities exist in Europe’s northern and Alpine regions, 

for example in Sweden or Switzerland (8,570 MW and 6,000 MW 

respectively in 2008). National scenarios foresee an important 

increase especially between 2020 and 2030 in countries like 

Spain. More interconnections and a more integrated European 

electricity market are the best answers to making the most of 

existing capacities across Europe.

Environment 

Increasing electricity generation, 

decreasing fuel consumption 

Electricity generation vs. fuel consumption 

Power Statistics 2010 shows that, while overall electricity 

generation in the EU will substantially increase between 1980 

and 2030 (from 1,835 TWh to 4,076 TWh), fuel consumption for 

electricity generation is expected to remain stable at 1980 levels 

(13,406.6 PJ in 1980 compared to 13,692.8 PJ in 2030) 5 . This 

is mainly due to a decreasing share of solid fuels in electricity 

generation, as well as to increasing gas consumption. Figure 13 

clearly shows the de-coupling of electricity generation and fuel 

consumption for the period 1980-2030. 

Power Statistics 2010 also shows that fossil fuels are being used 

more efficiently to generate electricity. This efficiency is projected 

to improve further at a comparable rate to the last ten years. 

For conventional power plants, efficiency is the ratio between 

primary energy input and the electricity actually delivered. The 

commissioning of new, more efficient stations, coupled with the 

decommissioning of older power stations with low efficiency 

levels, is already driving down relative fuel consumption in 

thermal generation. It is set to decrease even further with the 

commercial roll-out of new generating technologies. 

Figure 13: Evolution of electricity generation vs. fuel 

consumption in the EU-27 (1990 baseline) 

% of 1990 Value 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

Electricity Generation & Fuel Consumption 

for electricity generation (1990 baseline) 

Electricity Generation 

Total Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

5 The figures do not take into account all EU member states. 

Decoupling of electricity generation 

and electricity-related emissions 

CO 2 emissions: towards carbon neutrality 

While electricity generation has increased, a decoupling of 

generation from CO 2 emissions can be observed (see Figure 14). 

In fact, Power Statistics 2010 shows that absolute electricityrelated 

CO 2 emissions in the EU-27 have only increased slightly 

between 1980 and 2008 (from 1,027 GT CO 2 in 1980 to 1,206 GT 

in 2008) and will drop significantly to 937 GT CO 2 by 2030. 

Power Statistics 2010 also shows that significant steps have 

been taken in reducing carbon intensity, even though electricity 

generation still relies heavily on thermal plants. Between 1980 

and 2008, the European electricity sector reduced its CO 2 

specific emissions from 559.7 g/kWh to 374.6 g/kWh. By 2030, 

emissions will have fallen to 230 g/kWh (see Figure 15). 

Figure 14: Evolution of electricity generation and CO 2 emissions 

in the EU-27 (1990 baseline) 


g/kWh 

200 

180 

160 

140 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

Electricity generation & CO2 emissions (1990 baseline) 


Electricity-related CO2 Emissions 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Figure 15: Evolution of CO 2 specific emissions in the EU-27 

CO2 Specific Emissions 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Air pollutants: reducing SO 2 and NO x 

The electricity industry is also on track towards a major reduction 

of its SO 2 and NOx emissions by 2030. SO 2 emissions have been 

reduced by 80 % between 1980 and 2008, falling from 17,000 

kt to 3,500 kt in the same period. Trends for NO x emissions are 

similar: they have been reduced by 60 % between 1980 and 

2008, falling from 3,740 kt to 1,500 kt. Figure 16 clearly shows a 

de-coupling of electricity production and SO 2 and NO x emissions 

for the period 1980-2008. 

Figure 16: Evolution of electricity generation and SO 2 and NO x 

emissions in the EU-27 (1990 baseline) 


200 

180 

160 

140 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

Electricity Generation & SO2 and NOx emissions 

(1990 baseline) 


Electricity-related NOx Emissions 

Electricity-related SO2 Emissions 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


SO 2 and NO x specific emissions have also been significantly 

reduced since 1980. SO 2 specific emissions fell from 9.3 g/kWh 

in 1980 to 1.1 g/kWh in 2008, whereas NO x specific emissions 

decreased from 2 g/kWh in 1980 to 0.5 g/kWh in 2008 (see 

Figure 17). 

Figure 17: Evolution of SO 2 and NO x specific emissions in the EU-27 

g/kWh 

g/kWh 

10 

9 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

2.4 

2.1 

1.8 

1.5 

1.2 

0.9 

0.6 

0.3 

0 

SO2 Specific Emissions 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 

NOx Specific Emissions 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008



full report 



General Information 

Introduction 

This is the thirty-eighth edition of the report previously known as EURPROG, now entitled 

“Power Statistics 2010”. It contains referenced data for the years 1980, 1990, 2000, 2007, 2008 as 

well as forecasts for 2010, 2020 and 2030, concerning: 

• The structure of the electricity industry; 

• Trends in general economic indicators; 

• Peak demand and load management; 

• Medium and long term generating prospects; 

• Electricity consumption by sector; 

• Energy Balance for electricity; 

• Fuel consumption in and emissions from the electricity sector. 

The data contained in this report has been supplied by EURELECTRIC group of Experts on Statistics & 

Prospects (members are listed in the inside page of the back cover). They represent the situation and 

prospects as perceived by each country. Furthermore, the figures are not necessarily official national 

forecasts (by governments or electricity associations), but may be considered as “best engineering 

estimates” of the group members, based on an annually updated picture of the planning and forecast 

situation in each country. 

Furthermore the report should not be regarded as the definitive position of the background and 

prospects against which the individual country companies helping with its compilation base their 

business planning. While EURELECTRIC has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this report no 

representation, expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy or completeness of the information 

contained in this report. It is recommended not to base investments on the contents of this report and 

if investments are to be considered it is advisable to seek detailed feasibility studies and advice from 

appropriate sources. 

It is important to ensure that good-quality data are gathered on time. While gathering statistics from a 

multitude of stakeholders continues to be challenging, it remains of prime importance to us to have our 

own data at our disposal. 

We would like to express our gratitude to all our committed members for the timely submission of 

the data. 


general information 

26 Power Statistics – 2010 Edition – Full Report 

1.1 Trends in general economic indicators 

table 1.1.1 Breakdown of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Billion EURO at the 2000 price level and exchange rate) 

The tables below display the breakdown of Gross Domestic Product (in Billion EURO at the 2000 price 

level and exchange rate) from 1980 to 2008 for each of the 27 EU Members States plus Switzerland, 

Norway and Turkey. Forecasts for 2010, 2020 and 2030 are also included. 

EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 132.2 165.1 196.6 193.3 195.1 192.5 212.9 238.2 

Industry 1,328.0 1,749.0 2,228.3 2,445.1 2,342.4 2,294.4 2,759.9 3,258.1 

Transport & Services 2,957.1 4,116.6 5,815.4 6,909.1 6,807.8 6,388.5 7,888.0 9,857.0 

Total Value Added 4,417.8 6,046.5 8,251.7 9,627.7 9,421.3 9,136.1 10,861.0 13,353.8 

Gross Domestic Product 5,269.0 7,051.3 9,274.6 10,806.4 10,474.2 10,543.3 12,259.9 15,049.2 

Private Final Consumption Expenditure 2,635.0 3,871.4 5,454.0 6,357.2 6,230.1 6,034.7 7,240.4 8,945.9 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 931.6 1,410.3 1,923.2 2,363.6 2,270.1 2,058.9 2,463.8 3,055.3 

Note 1: the voice “services” also includes transport. This applies to all tables below. 

Note 2: aggregated EU-27 numbers presented above may not include all EU countries. Therefore, they are to be considered as incomplete. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 6.2 5.3 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.0 5.3 

Industry 41.8 46.2 57.4 66.2 68.4 67.0 80.4 97.7 

Transport & Services 68.3 92.2 125.4 147.5 150.4 147.5 176.3 214.8 

Total Value Added 116.2 143.7 186.6 217.6 222.5 218.1 260.7 317.8 

Gross Domestic Product 130.6 161.7 207.5 240.6 245.5 240.7 287.7 350.7 

Private Final Consumption Expenditure 72.6 89.0 110.9 124.4 125.9 123.5 147.6 179.9 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 36.0 40.5 50.8 52.9 54.0 53.0 63.3 77.2 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.1 2.6 

Industry 60.5 66.4 

Transport & Services 160.3 187.3 

Total Value Added 223.8 256.3 250.6 

Gross Domestic Product 147.9 180.5 251.7 288.7 281.0 

Private Final Consumption Expenditure 81.0 98.7 135.7 149.1 148.8 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 33.7 42.2 52.4 65.0 62.8 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 2.4 4.1 

Industry 3.6 5.9 5.1 5.7 9.6 15.0 

Transport & Services 6.8 10.0 10.4 11.4 19.9 31.6 

Total Value Added 15.6 12.1 17.1 16.8 18.4 31.9 50.7 

Gross Domestic Product 16.3 13.7 19.5 20.7 22.1 37.4 58.1 

Private Final Consumption Expenditure 10.5 20.7 15.7 16.5 23.4 30.0 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 2.6 4.2 5.1 5.4 6.2 6.5

general information 1.1 Trends in general economic indicators 


CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Industry 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 

Transport & Services 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.5 

Total Value Added 10.3 13.2 13.7 13.2 

Gross Domestic Product 11.5 14.7 15.3 14.2 

Private Final Consumption Expenditure 7.2 9.9 10.8 9.6 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 1.9 3.2 3.5 2.8 

CZECH REPUBLIC (cz) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.3 5.1 5.3 3.5 4.0 6.4 

Industry 25.3 34.8 36.2 33.6 42.8 69.0 


Total Value Added 62.3 85.1 88.5 85.4 121.2 177.4 

Gross Domestic Product 69.3 94.9 98.7 95.5 135.4 196.6 


Gross Fixed Capital Formation 21.1 30.2 31.7 31.0 44.0 63.0 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 18.6 22.7 23.5 23.0 21.7 23.0 24.0 24.0 

Industry 442.7 511.0 561.6 618.7 599.5 595.0 656.0 686.0 

Transport & Services 727.4 964.6 1,271.2 1,420.7 1,463.3 1,397.0 1,550.0 1,750.0 

Total Value Added 1,188.7 1,498.3 1,856.3 2,062.4 2,084.5 2,015.0 2,230.0 2,460.0 

Gross Domestic Product 1,275.0 1,592.4 2,062.5 2,254.5 2,169.3 2,210.0 2,440.0 2,700.0 

Private Final Consumption Expenditure 458.7 726.6 1,214.2 1,247.8 1,256.9 1,267.0 1,400.0 1,540.0 


DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 2.0 2.7 3.9 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.8 4.6 

Industry 20.9 23.9 31.6 31.6 29.4 30.0 35.7 44.0 






ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.3 0.2 0.2 

Industry 1.5 2.1 2.1 

Transport & Services 0.8 1.3 6.2 



Private Final Consumption Expenditure 3.4 6.3 6.0 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 1.6 5.0 3.5 




SPAIN (es) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 28.4 27.2 25.0 23.7 23.5 21.3 21.0 18.5 

Industry 107.7 131.3 166.8 199.4 196.4 186.3 236.8 294.6 


Total Value Added 354.5 445.7 570.6 717.7 725.5 688.3 875.1 1,089.0 

Gross Domestic Product 365.4 487.3 630.3 797.3 804.2 764.3 980.3 1,230.5 



FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.7 4.9 

Industry 20.0 26.9 38.8 54.3 56.0 

Transport & Services 44.2 61.7 72.3 83.3 83.5 

Total Value Added 69.3 93.0 115.2 141.4 143.5 


Private Final Consumption Expenditure 41.2 58.1 65.4 82.3 84.5 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 19.0 27.7 25.4 32.9 33.0 

FRANCE (fr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 29.1 30.2 36.6 35.6 36.6 46.6 52.8 59.3 

Industry 185.4 250.4 295.6 250.1 245.2 400.8 486.4 580.5 

Transport & Services 564.2 774.2 958.5 1,101.4 1,111.5 1,148.5 1,464.1 1,826.3 

Total Value Added 778.7 1,054.8 1,290.7 1,464.9 1,472.2 1,595.9 2,003.4 2,466.1 

Gross Domestic Product 878.1 1,181.2 1,441.4 1,638.2 1,641.7 1,729.0 2,170.4 2,671.8 

Private Final Consumption Expenditure 505.7 664.0 783.9 927.8 932.6 976.6 1,226.0 1,509.1 


UNITED KINGDOM (gb) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 8.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.0 15.1 15.4 15.7 

Industry 216.8 257.8 280.0 282.9 274.9 247.6 285.9 330.2 

Transport & Services 630.6 851.6 1,151.5 1,424.7 1,443.1 1,407.8 1,779.2 2,245.2 

Total Value Added 855.8 1,119.9 1,442.1 1,718.7 1,729.0 1,670.5 2,080.5 2,591.1 


Private Final Consumption Expenditure 545.4 774.8 998.8 1,230.9 1,242.6 1,202.7 1,519.4 1,919.5 


GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Industry 17.0 21.8 23.6 





Gross Fixed Capital Formation 29.8 44.4 39.3



HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.8 3.8 2.4 2.3 4.2 2.5 3.0 4.0 

Industry 3.8 5.0 14.4 14.4 18.0 14.0 20.0 30.0 






IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Industry 36.0 51.8 49.7 



Gross Domestic Product 128.6 186.6 180.0 



ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 21.8 24.7 31.2 28.6 28.9 32.6 33.2 37.3 

Industry 227.0 271.2 292.8 318.0 307.5 313.9 358.9 412.4 

Transport & Services 452.1 595.5 705.3 806.9 803.6 816.2 986.3 1,173.8 

Total Value Added 700.9 891.4 1,029.3 1,153.5 1,140.0 1,162.7 1,378.4 1,623.5 


Private Final Consumption Expenditure 465.4 601.7 709.8 753.8 748.0 793.4 937.6 1,104.3 


LITHUANIA (lt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 1.9 4.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 2.2 

Industry 6.8 10.3 3.3 6.5 6.5 5.2 7.8 13.8 




Private Final Consumption Expenditure 4.4 8.2 13.7 14.2 12.2 18.5 32.6 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 2.8 3.0 6.0 5.5 4.2 6.4 11.4 

LUXEMBOURG (lu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.1 0.1 0 

Industry 2.6 2.8 2.6 









LATVIA (lv) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 

Industry 4.0 6.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.7 






MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 

Industry 

Transport & Services 

Total Value Added 




NETHERLANDS (nl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 8.1 9.9 10.4 10.5 10.2 12.5 15.2 

Industry 117.1 152.7 172.8 175.5 171.0 208.5 254.1 

Transport & Services 152.9 210.8 246.3 252.0 245.6 299.4 364.9 


Gross Domestic Product 306.0 418.0 478.1 487.6 475.2 579.2 706.1 



POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 9.7 11.0 12.2 14.1 16.6 16.8 

Industry 62.1 82.0 83.0 88.0 141.0 196.2 






PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.1 4.5 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.6 5.6 

Industry 17.8 22.8 29.4 29.5 28.7 26.3 30.4 37.3 





Gross Fixed Capital Formation 15.4 20.2 33.1 30.4 30.2 25.7 30.4 37.2



ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 10.2 4.5 3.5 4.2 4.0 6.5 10.2 

Industry 21.4 13.0 20.1 21.7 19.8 34.9 55.2 

Transport & Services 11.3 18.2 30.7 32.2 32.1 51.6 83.9 





SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 4.0 5.0 4.6 6.0 6.3 6.3 7.3 8.1 

Industry 33.3 41.6 66.9 87.8 85.7 88.3 123.5 140.4 






SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Industry 6.1 6.7 9.8 10.0 

Transport & Services 8.6 11.4 15.5 16.1 

Total Value Added 15.7 18.7 25.9 26.7 


Private Final Consumption Expenditure 9.3 12.4 15.6 16.0 


SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Industry 7.1 13.4 14.6 

Transport & Services 11.6 

Total Value Added 19.6 




SWITZERLAND (ch) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 5.4 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.4 

Industry 58.1 68.7 71.3 84.3 87.1 86.7 95.7 100.6 









NORWAy (no) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 2.3 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.8 

Industry 21.9 28.4 39.7 37.0 35.1 33.3 



Gross Domestic Product 78.9 96.0 132.1 148.5 165.7 186.7 


Gross Fixed Capital Formation 21.9 21.8 29.6 27.8 32.1 37.2 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 24.2 27.1 29.2 29.9 30.9 

Industry 22.6 43.6 66.7 94.8 95.8 

Transport & Services 54.3 86.2 175.1 259.1 262.6 

Total Value Added 96.4 154.4 271.0 381.1 386.8 



Gross Fixed Capital Formation 31.5 59.0 95.2 90.5


table 1.1.2 Population (thousands) at year-end 

The table below shows the evolution of the number of inhabitants in the 27 EU Member States 

plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey between 1980 and 2008. Estimates for 2010, 2020 and 2030 

are also displayed. 

Country 1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

AT 7,549 7,729 8,110 8,315 8,337 8,350 8,600 8,900 

BE 9,863 9,987 10,263 10,655 10,730 10,886 11,598 12,012 

BG 8,728 8,487 8,131 7,640 7,606 7,600 7,200 7,000 

Cy 5,123 5,871 6,976 7,893 7,969 7,980 9,674 10,823 

CZ 10,327 10,363 10,273 10,381 10,468 10,283 10,284 10,102 

DE 78,275 79,365 82,260 82,218 82,002 81,545 80,176 78,188 

DK 5,124 5,146 5,349 5,478 5,461 5,520 5,697 5,880 

EE 1,477 1,571 1,372 1,342 1,340 1,336 1,328 1,296 

ES 37,386 38,836 40,050 44,474 45,283 46,256 48,193 50,129 

FI 4,788 4,999 5,180 5,300 5,326 5,378 5,636 5,850 

FR 55,113 56,577 58,825 63,601 63,960 64,667 64,983 67,204 

GB 56,329 57,288 58,886 60,975 61,383 62,314 66,521 70,557 

GR 9,643 10,193 10,931 11,222 11,270 11,360 11,633 11,701 

HU 10,709 10,375 10,222 10,066 10,045 10,023 9,893 9,651 

IE 3,401 3,506 3,790 4,339 4,422 4,459 4,971 5,066 

IT 56,434 56,719 57,704 59,375 59,830 58,986 59,051 58,344 

LT 3,420 3,698 3,487 3,366 3,350 3,313 3,176 3,095 

LU 365 384 439 484 494 500 557 612 

LV 2,515 2,658 2,364 2,271 2,251 2,237 2,086 2,020 

MT 352 389 410 410 420 

NL 14,100 14,947 15,922 16,382 16,405 16,500 17,000 17,400 

PL 35,735 38,183 38,254 38,116 38,136 38,092 37,830 36,796 

PT 9,819 9,873 10,257 10,618 10,627 10,675 10,838 10,893 

RO 22,201 23,207 22,435 21,538 21,500 21,414 20,990 20,368 

SE 8,318 8,591 8,883 9,183 9,256 9,385 9,863 10,219 

SI 1,910 1,996 1,990 2,026 2,032 2,039 2,057 2,017 

SK 4,996 5,298 5,403 5,408 5,412 5,430 5,510 5,530 

CH 6,335 6,751 7,204 7,593 7,702 7,692 8,002 8,143 

NO 4,092 4,250 4,503 4,681 4,707 4,850 5,045 5,367 

TR 44,990 55,561 64,655 70,586 71,517 73,093 80,614 




1.2 General structure of the Electricity Sector in 2008 

table 1.2.1 Number and Market Shares of Companies in the Electricity Sector – 2008 

The table below shows the number and the market share of generation, transmission, distribution 

and supply companies in the European Electricity Sector in 2008. 

Generation* Transmission Distribution Supply* 

Number Market Share Number Number Number Market Share 

AT 6 - 3 138 6 - 

BE 2 92% 1 26 2 85% 

BG 7 - 1 3 - - 

Cy 1 1 1 1 100% 

CZ 1 65% 1 3 3 97% 

DE 4 72% 4 890 3 47% 

DK - - - - - - 

EE 1 95% 1 40 1 88% 

ES 5 67% 1 350 4 96% 

FI 4 - 1 100 3 - 

FR - - - - - - 

GB 9 92% 4 15 6 99% 

GR 1 91% 1 - 1 100% 

HU 6 71.9% 1 6 6 46% 

IE 6 94.0% 1 1 5 - 

IT 5 65.0% 1 135 20 89% 

LT 4 88% 1 2 3 94% 

LU 7 93% 1 8 12 100% 

LV 2 62% 1 10 2 100% 

MT - - - - - - 

NL 4 55% 1 10 3 68% 

PL 6 70% 1 33 6 100% 

PT 3 68% 1 3 1 94% 

RO 7 89% 1 8 8 68% 

SE 3 85% 1 164 - - 

SI 2 97% 1 5 7 99% 

SK 1 72% 1 3 4 80% 

CH 4 44% 1 820 5 59% 

NO - - - - - - 

TR 4 53% 1 21 4 53% 

* Includes entities which have a share equal or greater to 5% of production or supply. 

Notes: 

• Figures are the best estimation 

• Generation: only companies with 5% or more of the electricity domestic output 

• Transmission: TSOs – Transmission System Operators 

• Distribution: distribution companies 

• Supply: companies selling electricity to end-users (only companies with 5% or more of the total electricity sold to final customers) 

The remainder is met by other generation or supply companies. Any assessment of the market situation must also take net imports into consideration 

(see tables under point 4.2).


1.3 Comments 

AUSTRIA (at) 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

Economic framework 

During the last decade Austria experienced an economic growth of 2.4% in real terms on average per 

year with an inflation rate of 2%. In 2008 the annual GDP growth rate accounted for 2.0%. Due to the 

financial turmoil a decrease in GDP in real terms of -3.4% in 2009 is expected. Given the present economic 

environment it is rather difficult to estimate the future development of economic performances, however 

it is expected that Austria is less affected by the crisis than most of the other European economies. 

Therefore it is assumed that in 2010 a GDP growth rate of 1.5% will be experienced and the economy will 

return to its former growth path. 

Structure and situation of electricity industry 

The electricity generation in Austria in 2008 was dominated by hydropower with a share of 60% in total 

electricity generation. To support the expansion in hydropower generation, the Austrian government 

presented the “Masterplan Wasserkraft” (Masterplan Hydropower). A study has been performed, 

indicating that additional 13 TWh of technically and economically feasible hydropower potential is 

prevailing whereas a realisation of 7 TWh up to 2020 is planned. 

Until 2001 Austria has exported more electricity than it has imported. However, the situation has changed. 

Today there is a negative physical exchange balance of 4.8 TWh which represents approximately 7% of 

total electricity demand in 2008. 

Austria’s electricity industry showed a good performance in 2008 with a non-availability of electricity 

services of only 43.69 minutes per customer. Nevertheless to maintain the high performance standard, 

it is inevitable to further develop the Austrian grid. At the moment the enlargement of the 380 kV-grid, 

which will close the planned 380 kV high voltage ring, is in progress as one of the major projects. 

Legal facts 

The Austrian electricity market has been completely liberalised since October 1 st 2001, with Austria taking 

a pioneering role in the liberalisation process in the EU. The 1998 Electricity Act (ElWOG) implemented 

the EU electricity internal market directive into Austrian law. 

The operating activities of the liberalised electricity market are supervised by the E-Control GmbH 

and the E-Control Commission. These organisations have provided extensive competitive supervision, 

regulatory and monitoring competencies. 

Wholesale market 

The Austrian electricity market is part of the central European market. 

The Energy Exchange Austria (EXAA) was founded in 2001 and launched spot trading of electric power 

in March 2002. Additionally, in June 2005 the market segment of environmental products was opened 

with the trading of European carbon emission allowances. By the end of 2009 EXAA’s power and carbon 

market was used by more than 60 companies from 14 different countries with a significantly dominating 

share of non-Austrian companies. The power traded in 2009 on the spot market almost doubled compared 

to the previous year up to 4.6 TWh. 

Wholesale market prices in Austria are highly correlated to the development of the German Electricity 

Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig. Furthermore the majority of the volume traded by Austrian market 

participants is traded on the EEX and only partly on EXAA. Nevertheless prices at the Austrian EXAA 

play an important role as an indicator for the short run development of the European wholesale prices 

as it starts trading earliest in Europe. 


general information 1.3 Comments 


GERMANy (de) 

After a GDP increase at a rate of 2.7% in 2007 and 1.0% in 2008, economic growth in Germany decreased 

due to the economic crisis at a rate of -4.7%. This was the strongest decline for decades in Germany, but 

the German economy rallied better than expected in the first half of 2010. The leading economic research 

institutes expects an economic growth rate of around 3.5% for 2010. 

In table 1.3, the figure “Employees” contains only figures for the employees working in the public supply. 

Annual investments contain only gross investments in fixed assets. The turnover presents the turnover of 

electricity delivered to end consumers. 

The four transmission system operators (TSO) in Germany are 50 Hertz (owner since May 2010: Elia 

(60%), IFM (40%)), Amprion (owner: RWE), EnBW TN (owner: EnBW) und TenneT TSO (owner since 

January 2010: TenneT B.V.), each of them responsible for one of the four German control areas. 

Furthermore around 890 distribution system operators run distribution networks in Germany. 

In general, the figures cover the electricity sector of the whole country, except where explicitly stated 

otherwise. 

All projections concerning electricity generation, capacities and energy use for the years 2020 and 2030 

refer to scenarios published in August 2010 (Prognos, EWI, GWS). These scenarios were commissioned 

by the federal government as a basis for the development of an energy concept for Germany which shall 

give guidelines for energy policy up to 2050. 

The projections in the EURPROG-Report refer to a scenario including a lifetime extension of 12 years 

for nuclear power plants, because this seems to be the most likely scenario at present. 

Legal facts 

Due to the former EnWG (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz), which came into effect in April 1998, the German 

electricity market became a full competitive market. The EnWG governs grid operation and codifies 

the negotiated access to the grid. Until the end of the year 2004 the so-called Association’s Agreement 

ruled the negotiated third-party access. In July 2005, the new EnWG came into effect and the regulatory 

authority Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Grid Agency) resumed its work. The Bundesnetzagentur 

is mainly regulating grid access and grid fees. In general the Bundesnetzagentur is responsible for 

companies with more than 100,000 customers. Smaller companies are regulated by the respective 

authority in the corresponding federal state but some federal authorities assigned its responsibility 

to the Bundesnetzagentur. 

On 1 January 2009, incentive regulation for grid operators started in Germany. The regulation scheme 

contains a revenue-cap with two periods each lasting 5 years. Afterwards, a yardstick competition 

scheme shall be implemented. Efficiency for grid operators was measured with a dual benchmarking, 

whereas the better efficiency value is used. Smaller companies with less than 30,000 customers had 

the opportunity to choose a simplified treatment, which allows them not to be part of the benchmarking. 

In return, they accept a fixed rate of 87.5% for efficiency in the first period and the average efficiency as 

a result of the benchmarking for the second period. 

On September 6 th , 2010, the federal government presented an energy concept which defines several 

fields of action and guidelines for the future energy policy. The concept aims to reduce CO 2 emissions by 

40% in 2020 and 80-95% in 2050 compared to 1990. In the electricity sector, renewable energies shall 

contribute 35% in 2020 and 80% in 2050. 

The energy concept is focused on renewable energies in the electricity and heating sector, but also 

intensively treats the topics energy efficiency, grid infrastructure, integration of renewable energies into 

the system, modernising insulation of buildings, mobility and energy research. 

Retail market 

Complete liberalisation in 1998 had fundamental impacts on the German electricity market. In the 

beginning, prices fell rather quickly for industrial customers as well as for private households. After a 

period of strong price-competition, prices have been steadily increasing again since 2000. This effect 

results from an increasing market consolidation and rising fuel prices up to 2008. 

However, this upward trend is not only market-based but rather state-induced.


Thus the share of taxes and levies on electricity price arose from 25% in 1998 to 40% in 2009 for private 

households and from 2% to 21% for industrial customers. Due to the economic crisis and according to 

the declining fuel prices, electricity prices for industrial consumers fell as well since the end of 2008, 

but prices for private households were still rising, because of the growing subsidization of renewable 

energies which are financed via the electricity price and because of the common practice to procure 

these deliveries early in the future market, so the price peaks at the wholesale market of the year 2008 

are still included in price calculations for private consumers. 

The subsidisation of renewable energies due to Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien- 

Gesetz (EEG)) led to an increase of the so called EEG-contribution (EEG-Umlage) as part of the retail 

electricity price up to 2,047 ct/kWh in 2010. For 2011 an increase to clearly more than 3 ct/kWh, maybe 

close to 4 ct/kWh is expected. 

Looking at customer switching, results from a customer survey in September 2010 show the following: 

21.7% of private households have switched their supplier since 1998, more than 40% have chosen a 

better contract with their existing supplier. 

Almost every Industrial consumers has at least once chosen a new supplier or negotiated a better 

contract with its existing supplier. 

Wholesale market 

Apart from an active OTC market for electricity sales, the European Energy Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig 

gains more and more importance. 

The EEX in Leipzig – emerged from the European Energy Exchange in Frankfurt/Main and the Leipzig 

Power Exchange – resumed work in July 2002. The main activities cover the spot market, the futures 

market and the clearing of OTC dealings. 

The index underlying the futures market is the Phelix price index representing the arithmetic means of 

the 24 single-hour prices for the respective next day on exchange’s spot market. 

In 2008, 1,319 TWh (2007: 1,273 TWh) were traded at the EEX, whereas 154 TWh or around 30% of the 

German net electricity consumption account for the spot market and 1,165 TWh are traded in the futures 

market. In February 2009, the EEX had 219 member companies from 19 nations, whereas two-thirds are 

non-German. 

The EEX is a regulated market subject to the German Exchange Act. It is supervised by three different 

institutions: the Exchange Council, the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Free State of Saxony and the 

German Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht BAFin). 

Today the exchange prices are the benchmark for the whole market including OTC wholesale and 

retail business. 

In the field of power trading EEX cooperates with the French Powernext SA. EEX holds 50% of the 

shares in the joint venture EPEX Spot SE based in Paris which operates short-term trading in power – the 

so-called Spot Market – for Germany, France, Austria and Switzerland. German and French power 

derivatives trading is concentrated within EEX Power Derivatives GmbH, a majority-owned EEX subsidiary 

with headquarters in Leipzig. 

SPAIN (es) 


Data General Information 

In preparing this report, the current economic crisis was taken into account. 

In general the Spanish data covers the overall country, that is, both the mainland interconnected system 

and the island’s systems. 

Data shown in Table 1.3 relates to the number of employees, the annual investments and the turnover 

corresponds to the UNESA’s member companies. Investment data includes the investments of electricity 

companies on renewable energy sources, but they do not include investments on transmission network. 

The capacity balance, Table 4.1, does not refer to the overall country but to the mainland interconnected 

system. 




FINLAND (fi) 


Data General Information 

The Finnish electricity market was opened for competition in 1995. Electricity transmission and 

distribution, which are natural monopolies, are regulated. The Energy Market Authority supervises the 

functioning of the market. 

Electricity is generated in Finland with several production forms and fuels. There are approximately 140 

electricity generating companies and more than 400 power plants in Finland. 

The transmission system is internally connected as well as interconnected to neighbouring countries 

Sweden, Norway and Russia and Estonia across the Baltic Sea. A decision has also been taken to increase 

the transmission capacity between Finland and Sweden by constructing a new 800 MW sea cable between 

Finland and Sweden (Fenno-Skan 2). Fennoskan 2 has been estimated to be ready by the end of 2011. 

An increase in transmission capacity between Estonia and Finland has also been planned (Eslink 2). 

Fingrid Plc, which manages the national grid and bears responsibility for the system, assumed 

responsibility for the nationwide balance management in 1999. In 2009 there were 90 electricity 

distribution companies in Finland. 

Finland is a part of the Nordic electricity market area, where electricity travels from one country to another 

in the limits of transmission capacity. The market price of electricity is set by supply and demand at 

the Nordic electricity exchange, Nord Pool. The total volume of electricity traded in the spot market was 

287 TWh in 2009. Approximately 70 per cent of the electricity consumed in the Nordic countries is traded 

on the Nordic power exchange. The average price of electricity, for price area Finland at the exchange, 

was about 4.0 cents per kilowatt hour in 2009. 

The retail prices of electricity rose 1% due to an increase in prices for transmission in Finland during 

2009. The price of electric energy decreased. For a typical household user (5000 kilowatt hours per year), 

the electricity price including transmission and taxes, was on average 13 cents per kilowatt hour at the 

beginning of 2010. 



Generation 

The main generators in Lithuania: 

State-owned company “Ignalinos atomine elektrine” (Ignalina NPP) was closed on January 1, 2010. 

Joint stock company “Lietuvos elektrine” AB (Lithuanian PP) has installed capacity of 1800 MW. 

Vilnius Combined Heat and Power (CHP) belongs to “Vilniaus energija” UAB. Installed capacity is 

360 MW and is used for heat energy supply to Vilnius city also. 

Kaunas Heat and Power Plant (UAB) have installed capacity of 170 MW. It is the main supplier of heat 

and electric power to the Kaunas inhabitants. 

“Mazeikiu elektrine” AB (Mazeikiai CHP) has a capacity of 160 MW. It is used not only for electricity 

production, but also for heat energy supply to Mazeikiai oil refinery. 

Panevezio combined heat and power plant produces heat and supplies town inhabitants with electric 

power. Panevezys CHP has a capacity of 35 MW. 

At the beginning of May, 2009, Visagino atomine˙ elektrine˙, UAB (Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant) 

announced a call for tenders for a consultant that will assist in developing a business plan and financing 

model for the new Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant. When the designing of the new NPP will start; the 

process will take approximately two years and will involve the selection of technologies, preparation of 

construction site, and obtaining of requisite permits and licences. Construction of new nuclear reactors 

normally lasts 4 to 6 years. 

The national power company LEO LT, established on May 20, 2008, controlled through its subsidiaries 

the key part of the Lithuanian electrical power system. On December 30, 2009, it was decided to liquidate 

LEO LT, AB.


Transmission 

The main function of Lietuvos Energija AB in its role of Transmission System Operator is to ensure efficient 

and reliable operation of the Lithuanian power system. 

Lietuvos Energija AB owns: 

1670 km overhead lines 330 kV; 

4973 km overhead lines 110 kV; 

39 km underground 110 kV cable lines; 

1 3 substations 330 kV; 

217 substations 110 kV; 

Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant (Kaunas HPP). The plant has a capacity of 100.8 MW. By 2010 only two 

units will be in operation. 

Kruonis Pumped Storage Power Plant (Kruonis PSPP). Installed capacity of the plant is 900 MW. 

The dispatch control centre of Lithuanian power system; 

The telecommunication network and information system. 

Under the Law on Electricity Lietuvos energija AB is responsible for: 

Maintenance and development of the transmission grid; 

Ensures a balance between electricity production and consumption as well as electricity transmission 

from Lithuania’s power plants to its distribution companies; 

Secure and reliable operation of the Lithuanian power system; 

Operation of electricity market in Lithuania. 

Distribution 

There are two main distribution companies in Lithuania: 

“Rytu Skirstomieji Tinklai” AB (Eastern distribution networks) was founded on December 31 2001, 

after reorganisation of the company Lietuvos Energija AB. The Eastern distribution networks company 

is responsible for the maintenance, testing, and development of low (0.4 kV) and medium (6-110 kV) 

voltage distribution networks, ensures reliable and efficient electricity distribution to the end users. 

It supplies electricity on request of every customer in the territory assigned to the Company’s services – 

the Eastern part of Lithuania. Branches Vilnius, Panev ˙e˘zys, Utena, and Alytus, is rendering its services 

to over 750 thousand customers in the 34.8 thousand sq. km territory. 

VST AB is distributing and supplying electric energy and providing services to over 722 thousand 

customers in the Western and Central Lithuania. The company is the owner of electric power distribution 

network, i.e. the overhead lines and cable lines of low and medium voltage. The company is responsible 

for power distribution networks in Kaunas, Klaip ˙eda and S˘iauliai regions, and also for safety, reliability, 

operation, maintenance, management and development of the network. 



Luxembourg has two grids, the public grid which is owned by Cegedel and operated by Cegedel Net, 

and an industrial grid which is owned and operated by an industrial client. 

The public grid in Luxembourg is connected in radial to the German grid whereas the industrial grid is 

connected in radial to the Belgium grid. Based on a historical contract, one dedicated small part of the 

public grid however is used to connect a power plant located in Luxembourg via the industrial grid to the 

Belgium grid. 

For operational reasons the electrical link between the two parts of the grid is not interconnected 

and no transits between the countries are possible. For that reason, the electricity market situation 

in Luxembourg for public users is strongly linked to the market situation in Germany as the capacity of 

the interconnection lines is sufficient to cover the load situation. 

Cegedel Net takes part in the Pentalateral Energy Forum of the Central West European (CWE) region 

(Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands), reaffirming the initiative to improve 

cooperation towards a more integrated electricity market in this region. 

Nonetheless there is for the moment no Cross Border Capacity that Cegedel Net can offer to the 

electricity market, Cegedel Net is participating in the CWE Market coupling initiative between the 5 CWE 

countries and is also member of CASC (Capacity Allocation Service Company). 




In 2009, a merge of 3 companies was performed leading to Enovos/Creos. 

Enovos, is – as a group – a newcomer arising from the combination of three strong traditional, regional 

embedded energy companies formerly named Soteg, Cegedel & Saar Ferngas. This new dynamic 

company, whose headquarters are in Luxembourg, is a public utility that is a leading regional player, 

with a wide geographical reach and a comprehensive presence all along the value-added chain for 

natural gas and electricity. 

A 39.1% stake of the company is owned by the Luxembourg government and the state owned investment 

bank S.N.C.I., ArcelorMittal owns - 25.3%, RWE - 19.8%, E.ON - 10.8% and Electrabel - 5.1%. 

Creos is the grid company in this new group, taking over and operating the assets of electricity and 

gas from the former companies Cegedel, Soteg and Saarferngas. Creos owns and operates the TSO 

and the DSO level of the grids. 

There are still 8 DSO companies in Luxembourg operating their own distribution grid or having 

assigned Creos to operate the grid. 

LATVIA (lv) 


The stock company Latvenergo is the largest company in Latvia functioning in power business. In 2008, 

Latvenergo provided 94% of total national energy generation. It operates two combined heat and power 

plants (744 MWel) (providing Riga, the capital of Latvia with heat) and three hydro power plants (1560 MW). 

The maximum of electric generating capacity was 2,470 MW in 2008 and electricity consumption 7.7 TWh. 

Small CHPs, small hydro plants and wind turbines produced the rest in Latvian generated electricity. 

There are strong synchronous interconnections linking Latvia with Estonia, Lithuania and Russia via 

330 kV and 110 kV lines. Latvia is the “transit country” for electricity. The wheeling power is about 

2-3 TWh annually. The Transmission System Operator (110 kV and 330 kV) – Augstsprieguma tikls 

(stock company High Voltage Network) and Sadales tikls (stock company Distribution Network) are 

independent companies within the Latvenergo Group. 

The constructions of interconnections between Baltic and Nordic electricity markets promotes a gradual 

development of a regional electricity market. The Estlink underwater cable (2007) between Estonia and 

Finland access to the Nordic electricity market. 

In the annual electrical energy balance, Latvia was the net importer of electricity due to shortage of 

available capacity and its high dependence on seasonal hydropower for its domestic production. The 

share of HPPs produced energy (run-of-river) fluctuates between 30 to 60% of energy consumption. 

Applicable laws are the Energy Law, Electricity Market Law and Law on Regulators of Public Utilities. 

Public Utilities Commission is the independent state institution responsible for the regulation of energy, 

telecommunications, post and railway sectors in accordance with the law “On Regulators of Public 

Utilities” and the corresponding normative acts in the regulated sectors. Activities of market participants 

are limited by Grid Codes. 

The Electricity Market Law was passed in May 2005. The electricity market is fully open since 2007. 

Competition in generation: HPPs and CHPs generation dominates in Latvia. HPPs produce cheaper 

energy; CHPs generate electricity as heat by-product. The Energy Law obliges to purchase the excess 

electricity generated by small renewable power producers. 

In 2000, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania decided to create the Common Baltic Electricity Market (CBEM) in 

order to gain benefits from mutual co-operation. In February 2001, the Baltic States signed a multilateral 

technical agreement with Russia and Belarus on the parallel operation of their power systems. 

There is competition in the Baltic electricity market, since Estonia, Lithuania and Russia, as electricity 

exporting countries, are looking for the possibility to sell energy to Latvia or other interested participants.


POLAND (pl) 

Data Sources and Forecasts 

Statistical data are based on official statistical data published by Energy Market Agency Co. (Polish 

name – ARE SA). 

Detailed date and assumptions for population projection in Poland were established by the experts 

from the Central Statistical Office (Polish name GUS) in Warsaw. 

Forecast data (years 2010 and 2020) were taken from PSE Operator S.A. “Development Program for 

Domestic Transmission System – Expected scenario” prepared in mid 2009 and sent to the Polish 

Regulatory Office (URE) for acceptation. 

Projections for the year 2030 are estimations mostly based on assumed trends presented in the 

PSE Operator SA “Development Program for Domestic Transmission System – Expected scenario”. 

Evolution of the Electricity Sector 

The most important piece of legislation governing the activities of the energy sector in Poland is 

the Energy Law from 1997 and related executive Ordinances of the Minister of Economy. 

The main principles of the Polish Energy Law include: 

separation of the vertically integrated power sector to three subsectors: generation, transmission, 

and distribution; 

separation of trading electricity from transmission and distribution activities; 

licensing power utility companies to operate in the country; 

regulations of monopolies (where competition is not possible and economically justified) by the 

Energy Regulatory Authority (ERA). 

equality of entities at the electricity market; 

obligatory provision by power utilities of transmission services for electricity generated in the country. 

The ERA President is responsible for regulatory supervision of the Polish energy sector concerning 

electricity, gas and district heat. According to the Energy Law, the President of ERA supervises the 

regulations of activities of energy companies and its compliance with the state energy policy guidelines. 

The main tasks and competencies of the ERA President are specified in the Energy Law: 

issuing licences to power utilities for different types of activities, 

supervision of the activities of power utilities in accordance with the provisions of the Energy law 

and the state’s energy policy, 

approval of tariffs (i.e. prices and rates and terms of their application) for power utility companies 

carrying on business in the non-competitive manner, in accordance with the provisions of the law, 

based on applications filed by the companies. 

approving development plans submitted by the power grid companies, 

co-operation with appropriate authorities in counteracting monopolistic practices of energy companies. 

Also, the Minister of Economy (responsible for energy policy and for issuing ordinances to the Energy 

Law) and President of the Competition and Consumers Protection Office (responsible for supervision on 

competitive market) have regulatory influence on activity on the electricity market. 

Privatisation process is supervised by the Ministry of the State Treasury. 

Liberalisation of electricity markets 

Since the Polish electricity market is decentralised, the wholesale electricity trade is carried out in 

three basic ways: 

On the contract market where electricity is traded by means of bilateral agreements concluded between 

participants; 

On the exchange market where trading is carried out by means of contracts concluded at Polish Power 

Exchange; 

On the balancing market where the Transmission System Operator (PSE SA, later as PSE-Operator SA 

active since July of 2004) matches transactions concluded on the contract and exchange markets with 

real electricity demand. 




Milestones of the Polish Energy Sector 

June 2000 – Polish Power Exchange (Polish name – Gielda Energii S.A.) started its operation with the 

The Day Ahead Market. 

September 2001 – The day ahead hourly balancing market was introduced by PSE SA acting as TSO. 

This mechanism replaced the monthly balance market operated before. 

July 2002 – Poland introduced varied settlement prices for the sales and purchase of power on the 

balancing market. 

1 st of July 2004 – according to EU Directive – 2003/54/EC from the structure of Capital Group Polskie Sieci 

Elektroenergetyczne SA (Polish Power Grid Company) new subsidiary was formed – PSE Operator S.A. 

According to its competences the President of Energy Regulatory Authority recognised this entity as 

Transmission System Operator in Poland. 

1 st of July 2004 – TPA rules were given for all commercial customers except household customers 

1 st of July 2007 – The open market was introduced for all categories of customers, when TPA rules where 

given for household customers. 

Structure of electricity industry 

Generation and Distribution System 

After process of consolidation in Polish energy sector four Energy Groups are created. 

Production and distribution groups: 

Polish Energy Group S.A.(PGE) – 2 lignite fired plants, 3 hard coal fired plants, 5 hard coal fired CHPs, 

3 lignite mines, and 8 distribution companies, 

Tauron Polska Energia – 6 hard coal fired plants, 2 hard coal fired CHPs and 10 distributions companies, 

ENEA S.A. – 1 hard coal fired plant, 5 distribution companies, 

ENERGA S.A. – 1 hard coal fired plant, 1 hard coal fired CHP, and 8 distribution companies. 

All four production groups are merged with respective distribution companies. 

Other Power plants, CHPs and Distribution companies are privatised or public. 

1 public company – Pumped-storage plants, 

Small hydro plants – public plants owned by Distribution utilities or by private entities, and mainly 

hard coal fired Autoproducers plants. 

Transmission System 

On the basis of current effective regulations of the Energy Law and licenses obtained from the 

President of the Energy Regulatory Authority, PSE Operator S.A. (until 30 of June 2004 Polskie Sieci 

Elektroenergetyczne SA (PSE SA)) is responsible for the transmission of electricity through the national 

transmission network, performing these activities throughout the entire territory of the Republic of Poland. 

PSE Operator SA is the operator of the national transmission system (220, 400 and 750 kV), which 

consists of 236 lines on total length of 13,053 km. In this one line 750 kV, 68 lines 400 kV on length of 

5,031 km and 167 lines 220 kV on length of 7908 km. 

Since 1995 the Polish Power System has operated synchronously with the UCTE system, and since 

17 th of May 2001 , PSE Operator S.A. has been the founding member of the new UCTE. Since 30 November 

2001, PSE Operator S.A. is the associate member of the ENTSO-E. 

The Polish transmission system is interconnected with neighbouring countries Sweden, Germany, 

Slovakia, Czech Republic, Belarus and Ukraine. Interconnections with Belarus and some with Ukraine 

due to connection of Polish power system with the UCTE, are temporarily out of operation. Only two 

interconnections operating in radial mode are left.


Until the year 2020 it is planned to be able to import capacity from directions: 

South and West – DE/CZ/SK – 2500 MW 

North – S – 600 MW 

East – LT – 1000 MW, UA – 220 MW 

The existing and planned interconnection are shown on Fig. 1 

DE 

VI 

E 

EI 

S 

HA 

G 

SE 

CZ 

Fig. 1 Existing and Planned Interconnections with Polish neighbouring transmission systems. 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

KR 

A 

ST 

O 

PL / BA 

E C 

MI 

K 

AL 

B NO 

S 

SL 

K 

DB 

N 

WI PB 

E KO O PB 

P O 

BU PB 

J O 

LI 

S 

VA 

R 

BY 

C /CZE 

LE 

M 

RZE 


The National Electricity System (SEN) can be divided into five major functions: generation, transmission, 

distribution, supply and operation of the electricity market. Each of these functions is operated 

independently, from a legal, organisational and decision-making standpoint, subject to certain exceptions. 

energy government dept. (dge) 

generation 

conventional 

regime (pro) 

special 

regime (pre) 

SK 

EL 

K 

NA 

R 

KR 

I 

LT 

AL 

Y 

UA 

CH 

A 

BLR 

RO 

S 

national electricity system (sen) 

public service of 

electric grid (resp) 

transmission 

system 

operator (tso) 

very high voltage 

(rnt) 

distribution 

system 

operator (dso) 

high/medium voltage 

(rnd) 

low voltage 

(rndbt) 

Grids 

voltag 75 

0 k V 

Phase-shifter 

40 

0 k V 22 

0 k V D C 

Back-to-Back Station 

Interconnection Planned to realisation 

Existing interconnection 

Planned interconnection 

indep. regulatory entity (erse) 

supply 

free, subject 

to license 

last resource 

supplier 

market 

operator 




Electricity generation is fully open to competition, subject to obtaining the requisite licenses and 

approvals. The participants are separated into two categories: Ordinary Regime Generation (PRO) and 

Special Regime Generation (PRE). The PRE is characterised by the generation of electricity using CHP and 

renewable energy sources (small-hydro, wind and other renewable). This regime is subject to different 

licensing requirements and benefits from special tariffs. The last resort supplier is obliged to purchase 

all electricity generated under the special regime generation. 

The Public Service of Electric Grid (RESP) comprises the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and the 

Distribution System Operator (DSO). The TSO and the DSO operate the electric grid under a publicservice 

concession regime. Rede Eléctrica Nacional, SA has the concession of the National Transmission 

Grid (RNT), operating in very high voltage. Both transmission and distribution are subject to the tariffs 

and conditions laid down by the electricity regulator (ERSE). 

The supply of electricity is fully open to competition, subject to obtaining the requisite licenses and 

approvals. Suppliers are able to freely buy and sell electricity, and have the right of access to the 

transmission and distribution grids upon payment of access charges set by ERSE. Within this activity, 

the last resort supplier was established. 

The organised electricity markets operate on a free market basis, subject to authorisations jointly granted 

by the Minister of Finance and by the Minister responsible for the energy sector. Generators operating 

under the ordinary regime generation and suppliers, among others, can become market members. 

TURKEy (tr) 


Structure and situation of electricity industry (generation, transmission, distribution) 

Turkey passed the “Electricity Market Law” dated 3 rd March, 2001 to constitute the legal framework 

required for the restructured electricity sector, in compliance with the European Union’s “Electricity 

Directive”. Thus, the new market model seeks to align the electricity industry with the principles 

applicable to Member States of the European Union as articulated first in the 96/92/EC European 

Directive and then 2003/54/EC Directive on the internal market for electricity within the EU. In this 

context, the implemented wide restructuring and privatisation programme towards the creation of a 

liberalised, apparent, non-discriminatory electricity market is ongoing. 

In this respect, the former TEAS¸ (Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Co.) has been unbundled by 

the Decree of the Council of Ministers issued on 2 nd March, 2001 in line with the Electricity Market Law 

and the following public companies are established. 

Electricity Generation Company (EÜAS¸) 

As a state owned company, it operates the state owned generation plants which are not transferred to 

the private sector. It may also remain as asset owner of the plants for which only operational rights are 

already transferred to the private sector. If it becomes necessary, this company shall build and operate 

new power plants. It takes over the hydraulic power plants constructed by DSI (State Hydro Works). 

The Generation Company makes energy sales contracts with wholesale companies and connection, 

use of system and ancillary service contracts with the TEI˙A S¸ . 

Turkish Electricity Trading and Contracting Company (TETAS¸) 

As a state owned company, TETAS¸ is responsible for the execution of those contracts previously signed 

with generators, distribution companies and retailers and acts as a wholesale trading company to make 

new contracts where necessary. Its main function is to continue specifically in the “Transition Period”, 

until a fully liberalized market is established. The wholesale price tariff is prepared by TETAS¸. EÜAS¸ sells 

most of its generation to TETAS¸. 

Turkish Electricity Transmission Co. (TEI˙AS¸) 

TEI˙AS¸ has taken over all transmission facilities in the country and become a national grid company to 

plan, build and operate the transmission facilities. 

TEI˙AS¸ is the owner and operator of the transmission system in the new structure of the energy sector. Yet, 

it assumes the function of balancing and reconciliation in the market where the most of the legislations 

have been enacted.


TEI˙AS¸ established a strong and good quality 400 kV system between eastern and western parts of 

the country and many new power plants can be connected to this system with some extensions without 

the need of major reinforcements up to the year 2010. 

400 kV transmission voltage level was studied several times and found adequate for the system 

expansion up to year 2010 unless some unpredictable events take place in the region, such as bulk 

power transmission between Asian and European parts of the country or serious changes occur in the 

domestic fuel reserves of the country. 

Turkish Electricity Distribution Co. (TEDAS¸) 

Turkish Electricity Distribution Co. (TEDAS¸) owns and operates the main distribution facilities. More 

than 71% of the country consumption was supplied by TEDAS¸ in 2005. As a state-owned company, it 

has an obligation to provide distribution and retail services to about 28 million customers, scattered 

throughout the country. 

According to the privatization strategy, distribution regions will be privatized through the methods of 

asset sale, rent, and transfer of operating rights or combination of them or through other legal methods. 

In this respect, TEDAS¸ is included in the privatisation programme and TEDAS¸ has rearranged its 

articles of incorporation related to administrative, financial and legal issues and continues to perform 

its activities accordingly. 

With above respect, the distribution regions were determined separating Turkey into 21 regions and 

establishing 20 public Electricity Distribution Companies that started to operate on March 1 st , 2005 of 

which 1 region was privatized. In 2008, Seventh Local District covering the provinces of Denizli, Aydın 

and Mugˇla in south-Aegean Turkey was privatized. By the end of 2008, there existed two segment of 

distribution companies i.e. 19 Public Companies and 2 private, in Turkey 

Country’s technical information 

Turkey’s transmission system comprises of 400 kV EHV and 154 kV HV transmission lines, 400/154 kV 

autotransformers, 400 kV and 154 kV step down transformers as well as the sufficient quantity of serial 

and shunt compensators which offer technical and economical advantages. 

“National Transmission System” which transfers the produced electrical energy to consumer centers has 

continued its progress and by the end of 2008 has reached, 14,420 km transmission lines with 33,220 MVA 

transformer capacity at 400 kV voltage level, all owned by TEI˙AS¸ and 31,654 km transmission lines with 

55,584 MVA transformer capacity at 154 kV level. 

The losses in the transmission system with high design standards and being the most suitable to the 

country conditions have proceeded below 3% (2,3) by the end of 2008 which corresponded to the 

international performance levels while the works to improve the system efficiency are continued. Heavy 

transmission investments about 150-200 Million $ / year needed to cope with the rapid growing demand. 

The Turkish 400 kV grid complies with the (N-1) security criterion. 

Turkey’s strong transmission system in full compliance with UCTE norms and standards has the 

following characteristics: 

Voltage levels are 400,154 and 66 kV. The last i.e. 66 kV level is not widespread and shall be upgraded 

to 154 kV soon. The number of 400 kV substations is 74,154 kV substations 492 and 66 kV substations 

16. The 154 kV lines are replaced with underground cabling and out-door transformer substations with 

in-door substations in densely populated cities for reliable operation and with the view not to destruct 

the city esthetics. 

TEIAS Headquarters is located in Ankara. There are 20 Regional Divisions responsible from the Installation 

and Operation of the transmission facilities. The Turkish transmission system is operated by the National 

Control Centre (NCC) and by 9 Regional Control Centers (RCCs). NCC is located in Ankara. 

Main changes experienced by electricity sector in the country 

Turkey has interconnections with Azerbaijan (Nahcievan), Georgia, Armenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Iran, Iraq 

and Syria, most of which had been used for power exchanges in the past. Nakhichevan, Syria, Iraq lines 

are used for export while the lines with Bulgaria, Iran and Georgia for import of electricity. At present, 

power transfer from Turkmenistan over the power system of Iran is ongoing. Energy transport to Iraq 

which was started in 2003 is continued. In July 2005, power exchange with Adjara Republic has been 

started over the existing Georgia line. 




2010: Starting Synchronisation with UCTE 

Turkey attaches great importance to realize synchronous parallel interconnection with UCTE through 

the Balkans. For this purpose, the second 400 kV transmission line between Turkey and Bulgaria was 

completed in 2002 and the part in Turkish territories of a 400 kV new transmission line between Turkey 

and Greece was completed in 2006 while the Greek part in 2008. In 2007, Turkey-Greece 400 kV line 

was energised at 154 kV and power transfer was made to Greece to meet their summer demands. 

After the completion of preliminary studies on Turkey’s integration with the UCTE grid which gave 

positive results, the first project on “Complementary Technical Studies for the Synchronization of 

the Turkish Power System with the UCTE Power System” was launched, as the first project, by the 

UCTE Project Group (PG) “Connection of Turkey” on 20 October 2005 and completed satisfactorily in 

2007 with the financial support of EC. Afterwards the Project of “The Rehabilitation of the Frequency 

Control Performance of Turkish Power System for Synchronous Operation with UCTE was developed, 

which is, and still ongoing with the participation of UCTE member TSOs, namely RWE of Germany, 

TERNA of Italy, SwissGrid of Switzerland, HTSO of Greece, RTE of French, ESO-EAD of Bulgaria and 

EMS of Serbia. A trial run with the UCTE network is expected by the second quarter of 2010. 

TEI˙AS¸ participates in various regional and inter-regional integration initiatives and projects namely 

“8 Countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Syria and Turkey) Interconnection Project” 

which is considered as a part of MEDRING and also the ongoing “Black Sea Transmission Planning Project” 

under Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organisation (BSEC). TEI˙AS¸ also takes part in the Energy 

Community for South East Europe (ECSEE) which aims the establishment of a competitive energy market 

in South East Europe and its integration to the internal electricity market of the EU. TEI˙AS¸ participates 

in the sub-working groups of SETSO which have been established for the above purpose. 

In the east, Turkey actively participated in the Project of the Interconnection and Parallel Functioning 

of the Electrical Systems of ECO Member Countries whose feasibility study was terminated by the end 

of 2008, due to some technical problems. 

Applicable laws, grid code, institutional structures, regulators, market opening and eligible clients, 

state of unbundling 

The electricity market was officially opened on 3 rd of March 2003. All consumers directly connected to 

the transmission network as well as consumers with a consumption of more than 9 GWh per year were 

characterized as eligible customers – a threshold that has now fallen to 1.2 GWh per year. The Strategy 

Paper for Electricity Market Reform and Privatisation which was adopted at High Planning Council under 

the chairmanship of the Prime Minister envisages full market opening by 2011. 

From December 2003 to July 2006, the transitional financial settlement system, in which the virtual 

implementation was realized depending on the bid and offer prices delivered by the market participants, 

is employed as an interim solution, and replaced by the actual implementation of the Balancing and 

Settlement Regulation as of 1 August 2006. 

As one of the main functions of TEI˙AS¸, Turkish Electricity Market turned into the partial open market 

structure from single seller/buyer structure, as per the “Communiqué Regarding the Principles and 

Procedures of Financial Settlement”. Balancing Market was established by putting into effect the 

“Electricity Market Balancing And Settlement Regulation” published in the Official Gazette dated 3 rd 

November 2004 and by this way the principles and procedures regarding activities related with realtime 

balancing, the active electricity demand and supply, and financial settlement of payables and 

receivables arising from participation of the licensees in balancing and settlement mechanism were 

defined. Developing of current regulation and necessary systems’ procurement and installation studies’ 

were begun for the purpose of ensuring the supply of sufficient and good quality energy with low-cost in 

continuous manner and establishing a financially sound, stable and transparent electricity market. 

Due to market participants’ entering into the balancing system and/or for the reason of energy surplus 

or lack, a new trading area is constituted for market participants where withdrawal of energy from the 

system and/or supply energy to the system is maintained.


The trial period of balancing and settlement regulations was between November 2004 and August 

2006. After the end of the trial period, “Electricity Market Balancing & Settlement Regulation” which 

brings a platform for competitive bilateral contracts for the market participants, including day ahead 

planning, real time balancing and settlement of balancing/imbalance energy, came into force and is 

being implemented actually since the first of August 2006 with its financial rules. 

The Electricity Market Law No:4628 has been amended in 2008 to allow TEI˙AS¸ cross border investing. 

Access types (TPA..) and limitations (congestion….), access tariffs 

Third party access to the network, which is foreseen by Electricity Market Law without discrimination 

between the parties, is in implementation in line with the regulations under the supervision of the 

EMRA. Licensing procedure is defined in the Electricity Market Licensing Regulation. Any legal entity 

established in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Law may engage in electricity market activities 

through obtaining relevant license from the EMRA. 


Demand 


2.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand 

table 2.1.1 Annual Electricity and Peak Demand 

The tables below present the evolution of the annual total (in TWh) and peak (in MW) demands for both 

connected and total systems in the 27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey, between 

1980 and 2008. Forecasts for 2010, 2020 and 2030 are also displayed. Where available, the date 

of the peak demand, i.e. the month during which the demand in the energy system occurs, is shown. 

EU-27 

Please note that isolated systems, such as islands which are not connected to the mainland, 

are included in the category ‘total system’ and excluded from the category ‘connected system’. 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 310,520 399,637 460,449 523,542 509,898 439,705 489,995 506,359 

Total Demand (TWh) 

Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 

Connected System (*) 

1,841 2,343 2,844 3,161 3,173 2,764 3,072 2,755 

Peak Demand (MW) 309,866 398,377 457,025 516,976 502,932 433,083 485,690 500,845 



1,428 1,906 2,807 2,645 2,645 2,727 3,025 3,297 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 

Peak Demand (connected system), 

3 

112,850 121,810 138,428 114,354 110,549 119,115 125,148 114,858 

rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 

Note: aggregated EU-27 numbers presented above may not include all EU countries. Therefore, they are to be considered as incomplete. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,480 9,413 

Total Demand (TWh) 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.9 66.7 64.6 77.0 90.3 



1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,480 9,413 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 1 



3 

6,368 6,338 6,466 


(*) Without isolated sytem

Demand 2.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand 


BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 7,900 10,400 12,950 14,040 13,435 13,804 16,221 




12 12 1 12 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 7,900 10,400 12,653 14,040 13,435 13,804 16,221 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 12 1 



3 

6,038 6,004 6,543 6,360 6,380 6,309 6,039 


BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,900 8,100 7,100 7,030 7,034 7,890 10,500 13,340 




12 12 1 1 1 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,900 8,100 7,100 7,030 7,034 7,890 10,500 13,340 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 1 1 12 12 12 



3 

5,049 5,079 4,485 4,893 4,581 4,588 5,019 5,052 


CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 200 372 688 1,041 1,093 1,191 1,650 2,150 




7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 200 372 688 1,041 1,093 1,191 1,650 2,150 





3 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 9,000 9,000 11,059 10,880 11,200 12,000 12,500 




2 1 11 2 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 9,000 9,000 11,400 10,880 11,200 12,000 12,500 

Total Demand (TWh) 57.0 57.0 64.5 65.2 68.2 77.5 83.0 

Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 2 1 11 2 1 1 1 



3 

6,333 6,333 5,832 5,992 6,070 6,458 6,640 


(*) Without isolated sytem 




GERMANy (de) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 52,200 63,100 76,800 78,500 76,800 76,300 74,000 70,000 




11 12 1 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 52,200 63,100 76,800 78,500 76,800 76,300 74,000 70,000 

Total Demand (TWh) 535.5 570.3 568.5 559.0 530.0 514.0 

Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 11 12 1 12 12 12 



3 

6,973 7,265 7,402.3 7,326 7,162 7,343 


DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 4,700 5,900 6,200 6,400 6,408 6,800 6,900 8,000 




2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 

Peak Demand (MW) 4,700 5,900 6,200 6,400 6,408 6,800 6,900 8,000 

Total Demand (TWh) 23.9 30.8 34.7 36.1 35 37.9 41.1 44.6 




3 

5,085 5,220 5,600 5,600 5,600 5,600 5,600 


ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,262 1,487 1,631 1,590 2,287 




12 2 1 2 2 

Peak Demand (MW) 





3 

1,262 1,487 1,631 1,590 2,287 


SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 19,151 26,292 35,275 47,563 45,783 45,317 55,554 66,374 




102.0 145.8 214.5 290.1 289.6 273.6 339.8 411.2 

Peak Demand (MW) 18,572 25,160 33,236 44,876 42,961 42,346 51,634 61,338 





3 

5,160 5,378 5,872 5,847 6,166 5,903 6,052 6,205 





FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,600 10,450 12,400 14,900 13,800 14,500 16,500 18,100 




2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,600 10,450 12,400 14,900 13,800 14,500 16,500 18,100 





3 

6,049 5,965 6,384 6,067 6,318 6,000 6,022 


FRANCE (fr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 44,100 63,400 72,400 88,185 84,426 83,500 90,900 96,600 




12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 44,100 63,400 72,400 88,185 84,426 83,500 90,900 96,600 





3 

5,639 5,513 6,086 5,949 5,898 5,970 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 52,100 57,300 64,100 67,748 66,672 62,958 68,510 72,619 




1 12 12 12 1 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 52,100 57,300 64,100 67,748 66,672 62,958 68,510 72,619 



Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,080 5,400 5,800 5,601 5,684 5,700 5,800 5,900 


3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 

49,495 54,435 60,895 64,360 63,338 59,810 65,084 68,988 

GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,554 4,924 8,531 10,610 10,393 9,909 11,625 




12 12 7 7 7 7 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,554 4,924 8,531 10,610 10,393 9,909 11,625 





3 

5,880 6,240 5,320 5,363 5,535 5,502 5,432 






HUNGARy (hu) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 5,127 6,554 5,800 6,180 5,980 6,140 7,390 8,654 




12 12 12 11 1 12 7 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 5,107 6,534 5,742 6,180 5,980 6,140 7,390 8,654 






5,187 5,853 5,767 5,990 5,951 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,800 2,500 3,800 5,004 4,976 4,976 7,000 8,500 




1 12 12 1 1 1 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,800 2,500 3,800 1,666 1,694 1,685 7,000 8,500 





3 

5,123 5,344 5,700 5,750 5,750 5,750 


ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 31,400 40,500 49,000 56,822 55,292 

Total Demand (TWh) 180.3 235.1 298.5 339.9 339.5 



12 12 12 6 6 

Peak Demand (MW) 31,400 40,500 49,000 56,822 55,292 





3 

5,740 5,800 6,090 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 2,200 2,800 1,500 1,970 1,930 1,790 2,120 2,710 




12 12 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 2,200 2,800 1,500 1,970 1,930 1,790 2,120 2,710 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 6 



3 

5 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 500 600 900 1,061 1,054 1,100 1,300 1,500 




12 1 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 500 600 900 1,061 1,054 1,100 1,300 1,500 






947 1,002 1,050 1,180 1,320 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,700 1,900 1,200 1,400 1,420 1,350 1,700 2,100 




12 12 1 2 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,700 1,900 1,200 1,400 1,420 1,350 1,700 2,100 





3 

4,710 5,210 4,750 5,500 5,420 5,560 5,530 5,760 


MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 354 434 424 




1 7 9 

Peak Demand (MW) 0 0 0 

Total Demand (TWh) 0 0 0 

Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 0 0 0 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 0 0 0 



0 0 0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 11,000 13,000 15,180 18,736 18,741 17,842 21,750 26,513 




12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 11,000 13,000 15,180 18,736 18,741 17,842 21,750 26,513 







12,255 16,614 16,915 16,920 19,500 22,500 




POLAND (pl) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 19,133 21,476 20,499 22,875 23,520 24,204 28,898 37,728 




1 1 1 12 1 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 19,133 21,476 20,499 22,875 23,520 24,204 28,898 37,728 






19,986 19,742 20,918 21,710 22,370 26,709 34,870 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,055 4,969 7,585 9,558 9,411 9,463 11,494 13,911 




1 12 1 12 12 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,000 4,861 6,909 9,110 8,973 9,103 11,109 13,433 






5,877 7,347 7,160 

ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 9,100 9,600 7,370 8,681 8,589 7,890 10,525 13,769 




12 4 1 12 11 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 9,100 9,600 7,370 8,681 8,589 7,890 10,525 13,769 






6,916 7,862 6,375 9,528 11,810 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 17,700 23,300 26,000 26,300 24,500 23,780 24,000 23,600 




2 11 1 2 1 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 17,700 23,300 26,000 26,300 24,500 23,780 24,000 23,600 






23,800 22,730 22,240 




SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,400 1,700 1,705 2,060 1,951 1,951 2,101 2,191 




12 12 12 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,400 1,700 1,705 2,060 1,951 1,951 2,101 2,191 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 1 



3 

4,900 5,100 6,276 6,942 7,073 5,946 6,663 6,663 


SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,300 4,100 4,050 4,418 4,342 4,260 5,070 5,500 




1 12 1 12 1 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,300 4,100 4,050 4,418 4,342 4,260 5,070 5,500 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 12 1 12 1 12 



3 

6,425 6,243 6,368 6,150 6,213 6,345 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,700 8,500 9,000 9,953 9,858 10,150 10,835 11,566 




1 12 1 12 12 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,700 8,500 9,000 9,953 9,858 10,150 10,835 11,566 






6,700 8,500 9,000 9,953 9,858 10,150 10,835 11,566 

NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 14,098 17,047 20,216 21,588 22,733 24,323 25,848 




2 11 12 12 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 14,098 17,047 20,216 21,588 22,733 24,323 25,848 





3 

5,833 6,131 6,030 5,901 5,719 5,866 5,905 






TURKEy (tr) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,947 9,180 19,524 29,249 30,517 




11 12 11 12 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,947 9,180 19,524 29,249 30,517 





3 

5,878 5,828 6,254 6,216 6,207 



Demand 

2.2 Sectoral Breakdown 

table 2.2.1 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) 

The tables below display the breakdown of total demand (in TWh) between 1980 and 2008 in each 

of the 27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey. Forecasts for 2010, 2020 and 2030 

are also presented. 

EU-27 

Network losses are expressed both in TWh and as a percentage (%) of the total electricity demand of 

each country. 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 1,703.6 2,175.4 2,633.0 2,928.0 2,938.9 2,595.0 2,868.1 2,979.6 

of which Agriculture 46.2 59.1 60.5 55.9 57.0 52.9 56.8 58.3 

Industry 892.1 1,060.6 1,180.5 1,235.4 1,226.4 1,059.2 1,132.0 1,154.5 

Transport 48.9 61.6 74.6 79.3 76.1 66.0 84.9 112.4 

Services 262.8 427.2 595.4 607.0 606.4 660.6 758.9 817.3 

Households 405.5 562.6 716.2 655.3 653.7 745.9 824.6 844.5 

Network Losses - in TWh 136.9 167.2 211.8 201.3 201.4 181.9 202.1 203.1 

Network Losses - in % 7.4 7.1 7.4 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.1 

Total Electricity Demand 1,840.6 2,342.6 2,845.2 3,154.5 3,165.5 2,771.5 3,067.7 3,307.4 

Note: aggregated EU-27 numbers presented above may not include all EU countries. Therefore, they are to be considered as incomplete. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 33.7 43.9 53.7 62.2 63.0 60.9 73.0 86.0 


Industry 19.2 24.7 21.6 29.5 29.4 27.4 34.4 40.7 

Transport 2.3 2.7 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 4.3 

Services 2.3 4.0 12.4 11.0 11.5 11.2 13.3 15.8 

Households 8.8 11.2 14.8 17.0 17.3 17.6 20.3 23.9 



Total Electricity Demand 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.9 66.7 64.6 77.0 90.3 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 45.0 58.0 77.5 82.9 82.7 84.1 104.6 

of which Agriculture 0 0.3 1.1 1.1 

Industry 30.5 39.9 40.1 39.1 43.3 49.1 

Transport 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 

Services 7.8 12.2 18.1 20.8 15.5 19.5 

Households 18.4 23.7 21.9 20.0 23.5 34.2 

Network Losses - in TWh 2.7 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.3 9.3 




Demand 2.2 Sectoral Breakdown 


BULGARIA (bg) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 18.5 20.3 13.0 18.3 17.4 18.7 29.6 36.8 

Transport 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.5 

Services 4.2 3.8 2.0 1.4 1.7 2.9 5.0 9.7 

Households 6.8 10.5 9.8 9.4 10.0 8.2 10.7 12.9 




CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


of which Agriculture 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Industry 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 

Transport 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Services 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.8 2.0 2.2 3.2 

Households 0.2 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.4 





1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 23.9 28.2 24.5 29.5 32.0 31.5 35.6 37.7 

Transport 2.7 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.2 

Services 8.5 10.0 10.1 12.3 10.6 11.7 14.1 15.8 

Households 6.2 9.6 13.8 14.6 14.3 15.5 16.9 17.7 




GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 175.0 199.0 239.1 255.3 252.4 248.0 215.0 199.3 

Transport 11.0 11.0 15.9 16.4 16.5 16.0 22.0 32.2 

Services 58.0 81.0 108.4 120.8 121.3 121.5 117.6 112.2 

Households 86.0 100.0 130.5 140.2 139.5 139.0 131.3 118.3 



Total Electricity Demand 351.0 415.2 535.5 570.6 568.5 562.0 517.1 490.9



DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 5.5 8.4 9.6 9.8 9.5 9.1 10.2 11.9 

Transport 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Services 6.9 8.6 10.2 11.6 11.7 10.8 12.2 14.2 

Households 7.4 9.0 9.5 9.7 9.7 8.9 10.1 11.7 




ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


of which Agriculture 1.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Industry 3.0 3.5 2.2 2.7 3.8 

Transport 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.4 0.2 

Services 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.5 

Households 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.8 1.8 



Total Electricity Demand 6.5 8.4 6.7 8.5 9.6 8.3 11.9 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 56.5 68.0 86.4 104.2 103.4 97.0 115.6 134.1 

Transport 1.9 3.7 3.8 4.4 4.4 4.3 6.6 9.6 

Services 11.9 25.1 52.6 80.9 79.8 75.7 96.1 118.8 

Households 19.6 30.7 49.5 72.5 73.9 70.4 91.2 115.0 




FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 23.2 33.0 43.7 47.7 44.3 40.6 51.0 56.0 

Transport 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 3.0 

Services 5.5 10.4 13.3 16.5 16.9 18.1 20.0 22.0 

Households 8.2 14.6 18.1 21.5 21.2 22.4 23.0 24.0 







FRANCE (fr) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 117.9 141.2 164.1 139.8 156.5 168.2 171.6 185.6 

Transport 6.9 6.7 10.5 12.2 12.8 11.9 14.1 16.3 

Services 43.6 76.1 104.7 131.9 150.9 162.1 

Households 59.6 94.2 125.7 145.4 157.4 167.6 





1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 98.7 110.6 125.0 127.7 122.5 113.6 127.1 131.9 

Transport 3.0 5.3 8.6 8.1 8.4 8.4 9.5 10.4 

Services 51.4 70.9 90.5 97.1 97.7 96.9 109.9 119.9 

Households 86.1 93.8 111.8 115.1 117.8 118.9 127.4 140.9 




GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 10.9 13.3 15.9 16.3 15.9 16.2 19.1 

Transport 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 

Services 3.3 5.6 12.3 18.8 19.7 18.6 21.9 

Households 5.6 9.1 14.2 18.0 18.1 17.8 20.9 



Total Electricity Demand 21.9 32.5 49.9 61.2 61.9 60.9 71.7 

HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 19.2 18.4 15.5 15.8 14.3 13.6 15.2 16.8 

Transport 0.6 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.7 5.0 

Services 2.5 5.4 5.8 7.7 8.6 8.0 11.0 13.0 

Households 4.4 8.7 9.8 10.5 11.5 11.1 13.6 15.8 






IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 8.4 11.8 20.3 28.9 36.6 44.4 

of which Agriculture 

Industry 3.1 4.4 7.8 9.6 11.7 14.2 

Transport 

Services 1.8 2.8 5.5 9.3 12.3 14.9 

Households 3.5 4.6 7.0 10.0 12.6 15.3 

Network Losses - in TWh 1.1 1.2 2.0 3.0 3.8 4.6 

Network Losses - in % 11.6 9.2 9.0 9.4 9.4 9.4 


ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 163.6 218.7 279.3 319.0 319.0 


Industry 100.0 119.5 148.2 155.8 151.4 

Transport 4.8 6.3 8.5 10.4 10.8 

Services 18.4 36.0 56.6 79.9 82.8 

Households 37.8 52.7 61.1 67.2 68.4 

Network Losses - in TWh 16.7 16.4 19.2 21.0 20.4 

Network Losses - in % 9.3 7.0 6.4 6.2 6.0 

Total Electricity Demand 180.3 235.1 298.5 339.9 339.5 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 5.0 6.2 3.3 3.1 3.8 2.8 3.4 4.4 

Transport 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Services 1.4 1.9 1.6 3.6 3.7 3.4 4.1 5.5 

Households 1.1 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.8 2.5 3.1 4.1 





1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.8 5.0 

Transport 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Services 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 

Households 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Network Losses - in TWh 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 






LATVIA (lv) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 3.3 3.9 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.6 3.5 

Transport 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 

Services 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.7 2.7 2.5 3.0 3.5 

Households 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.6 




MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 1.6 2.0 2.0 

of which Agriculture 

Industry 0.6 0.7 

Transport 0 0 

Services 0.5 0.6 

Households 0.5 0.7 

Network Losses - in TWh 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Network Losses - in % 15.8 13.0 13.0 

Total Electricity Demand 1.9 2.3 2.3 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 31.0 32.0 38.0 42.5 43.0 40.8 47.3 57.1 

Transport 1.3 1.3 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 3.0 4.6 

Services 7.9 20.7 24.2 29.3 30.0 28.1 36.6 44.0 

Households 15.3 16.5 24.6 28.8 29.0 28.4 34.0 41.0 




POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 66.9 54.7 55.1 58.4 65.3 55.7 54.5 72.7 

Transport 4.8 6.0 5.8 5.6 4.4 4.4 5.3 6.8 

Services 11.5 18.6 23.1 34.3 29.2 31.9 39.2 67.3 

Households 10.7 20.6 21.0 27.5 26.7 27.9 34.8 48.3 






PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 8.4 11.5 15.8 18.0 17.7 17.9 20.7 24.9 

Transport 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 

Services 2.5 5.7 11.8 16.3 16.2 16.9 21.4 27.4 

Households 3.3 5.9 10.0 13.9 13.7 13.5 16.5 21.2 




ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 45.2 46.0 26.5 29.5 29.2 26.0 33.3 42.0 

Transport 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.5 

Services 3.1 3.2 3.2 5.7 6.4 6.0 7.8 10.3 

Households 4.9 5.3 7.6 10.4 10.4 10.6 13.1 16.6 




SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 42.1 65.1 65.3 63.8 62.2 55.7 58.5 57.0 

Transport 2.3 2.5 3.2 2.9 2.4 3.0 5.0 8.0 

Services 13.9 23.2 24.7 26.0 26.5 26.8 27.8 28.1 

Households 25.1 36.7 39.3 39.7 39.8 41.7 38.9 37.0 




SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


of which Agriculture 0.1 0.3 

Industry 1.7 2.6 5.7 7.6 6.5 4.9 6.8 7.6 

Transport 1.9 3.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 

Services 0.1 0.3 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 

Households 1.3 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 







SLOVAKIA (sk) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 13.6 15.2 11.5 12.2 11.5 13.9 15.3 

Transport 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 

Services 2.6 3.7 4.5 6.8 6.4 7.7 8.6 

Households 2.3 3.8 5.8 4.9 4.6 5.6 6.2 





1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 11.9 17.2 18.1 19.0 19.3 19.4 19.7 20.0 

Transport 2.1 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.3 

Services 10.8 11.3 13.4 15.2 15.7 15.7 15.9 16.1 

Households 10.1 13.2 15.7 17.5 17.9 18.1 18.9 19.7 




NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 39.3 45.9 51.1 46.7 52.8 56.3 61.0 

Transport 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 

Services 11.5 19.9 23.2 24.9 27.5 29.5 31.2 

Households 23.6 31.2 34.2 37.4 39.0 42.0 44.3 




TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 12.2 27.3 48.8 73.8 74.9 101.1 227.8 

Transport 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.6 4.0 

Services 4.4 9.5 22.1 38.9 40.7 48.8 105.1 

Households 3.5 9.1 23.9 36.5 39.6 45.3 90.2 



Total Electricity Demand 23.2 53.5 122.1 181.8 189.4

Demand 

2.3 Comments 

AUSTRIA (at) 

In the last decade electricity demand in Austria increased by approximately 2% per year. The estimated 

growth rate up to 2020 is below this due to the financial crisis and energy efficiency measures. 

Until today the development of Austria’s electricity consumption is still highly correlated with the 

development of GDP. For the future development efforts for a decoupling of these parameters are 

undertaken especially through the improvement of energy efficiency measures. 

GERMANy (de) 

In 2009 electricity net consumption was -4.9% lower than in 2008. In conjunction with GDP growth 

a further decoupling of electricity consumption and economic growth can be started in the long run, 

although in the light of the economic crisis, the close correlation of economic performance and electricity 

consumption became obvious in the short term. Nevertheless, higher energy efficiency, a better 

understanding for energy saving measures and a growing service sector mainly determine the trend of 

further decoupling. 

SPAIN (es) 

Table 2.1.: The interconnected total and peak demand corresponds to the mainland system, excluding 

the autoproducers’ self-consumption. Total energy demand corresponds to the overall Spain. Peak 

demand does not include the one corresponding to the autoproducers’ self-consumption. 

FINLAND (fi) 

Electricity consumption decreased from 90.4 TWh in 2007 to 87.2 in 2008 mainly due to the economic 

crisis in autumn 2008. 

The prognosis of future electricity consumption was made by Finnish Energy Industries in 2009 in 

cooperation with Confederation of Finnish Industries EK. The prognosis is based on an average annual 

economic growth of 2 percent and the population is assumed to grow from the current 5.35 million to 

5.9 million by 2030. The prognosis of the industrial sector’s electricity consumption is based on the 

inquiry which was sent to the major industrial electricity consumers. 

Peak-load usually occurs in Finland on cold winter days. The sensitivity of peak demand to outdoor 

temperature is approximately 140 MW/ºC. The highest demand of all time was reached in February 2007 

when the consumption during one hour exceeded 14,800 MW. Winters after that have been mild apart 

from winter 2009-2010, when consumption during one hour was 14,460 MW in January. Peak load is 

expected to increase in the future in proportion to electricity demand. 

The prognosis of energy consumption outside the electricity sector is from the Finnish Energy and 

Climate Strategy that was published in 2008. The target for maximum energy consumption is used. 


Final electricity consumption in 2009 was 9.16 TWh representing a decrease about 7.3% on the 

previous year. In 2009, the major consuming sector was commerce and others (3.53 TWh). About 

3.61 TWh were exported during the year 2009. Losses in the network have decreased about 4.9% i.e. 

from 1.02 TWh in 2008 to 0.97 TWh in 2009. 


Demand 2.3 Comments 



Overall demand of electricity in Luxembourg amounted to 6,703 GWh in 2008 decrease by 1.4% 

compared to the previous year. This decrease is due to the impact to industry of the international 

financial crisis. 

LATVIA (lv) 

In 2008, GDP growth was -4.6% and that stimulated the decrease of electricity consumption by 1.5%. 

There is significant in industry sector (-10%). Electricity consumption per capita in Latvia is two times 

less than EU-27 average. 

POLAND (pl) 

Peak power demand usually appears in December or in January around 5 p.m. Its’ value to some extent 

depends on the outside air temperature. The total electricity consumption in 2009 according to Energy 

Market Agency, amounted to 138.7 TWh. Decrease in total energy consumption compared to the year 

2008 was ca. 4.0%. 

In the year 2009 the maximum demand for power from the national power grid during the year occurred 

in December, and amounted to 24,594 MW. Assumed demand for electric energy and peak capacity 

refers to standardised years with average temperature. 

For Poland, the electricity consumption projections for the time period 2010-2020 corresponds to 

the Development Program for National Transmission System – Expected scenario”. Values for the year 

2030 are own estimations of PSE Operator S.A. 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

Data for Portugal includes islands information (Azores and Madeira), being the total demand referred 

to the whole country. 

Regarding data for the Mainland Portugal, in 2008: 

Electricity demand supplied through the public transmission network reached 50.6 TWh, characterized 

by a growth rate over the previous year of 1.1%. The final consumption decreased by 1.2%; 

The self-consumption of auto-producers decreased by about 9%, because a higher number of generators, 

allowed by specific legislation, deliver their generation to the public network and are being supplied 

by the public network; 

Ordinary Regime Generation (PRO) plants met around 57% of the total demand while the Special Regime 

Generation (PRE) met 22%. The international trade balance corresponds to 18% of total demand; 

The peak demand for the connected system occurred in December, with 8,973 MW, 137 MW below the 

maximum peak demand recorded in 2007. 

Regarding data for the islands Azores and Madeira, in 2008 the electricity consumption represented 

3.4% of the total electricity consumption of the whole country. 

In table “Annual Energy and Peak Demand”, data for the Connected System does not include: 

Demand of Azores and Madeira islands; 

Demand of auto-producers for own use. 

For medium/long-term planning purposes it is considered that the peak period occurs during 6% of 

the time and an annual load factor of approximately 64% is assumed. Peak demand generally occurs in 

December or January.

Demand 2.3 Comments 

TURKEy (tr) 

The most recent forecast of the electricity demand and the peak loads for Turkish Power System covered 

the period 2005-2020. The base scenario corresponds to a more realistic economic development and 

decreasing population growth rate over planning period and also reflects the possibilities for the efficient 

electricity consumption in the commercial and industrial sectors and the households. 

According to the results of this study the electrical energy demand with a yearly average growth rate of 

4% is expected to reach 194 TWh in the year 2009, 202 TWh in the year 2010 and 357 TWh in the year 

2018 from its level of 198 TWh in 2008. Corresponding peak demand is expected to reach 31,246 MW 

in the year 2010 and 55,053 MW in the year 2018 from its level of 30,517 MW in 2008. 

Consumption per capita is expected to reach 3,100 kWh in the year 2010, 5,700 kWh in the year 2020 

from its level of 2,770 kWh in 2008. 


Supply 


3.1a Generation Equipment – Capacity by Primary Energy 

table 3.1a.1 Max Net Generating Capacity by Primary Energy (MW) 

The tables below display the generating capacity by primary energy in the 27 EU Member States, 

plus installed capacity in Switzerland, Norway and Turkey, between 1980 and 2008. Forecasts for 2010, 

2020 and 2030 have also been included. The capacity is expressed in MW. 

Data displayed in italics have not been provided by the respective national member, but have been 

collected through external sources such as governmental office websites, transmission system 

operators’ publications, etc. Alternatively, they may come from the EURELECTRIC Power Choices study, 

in which case they are taken from the report’s Baseline scenario (which is the similar to the Baseline 

2009 as developed by the University of Athens for the European Commission). 

With regards to the EU-27 table displayed immediately below, it must be noted that whereas the 

aggregated figures for type of primary energy used are fairly complete, the breakdown into subtypes 

(e.g. coal, oil and natural gas for fossil fuels fired, or run-of-river and pumped for hydropower) might 

not always take into account all EU-27 countries. Nonetheless, the figures still provide some good hints 

on the latest development of generating capacity and on expected future developments.

Supply 3.1a Generation Equipment – Capacity by Primary Energy 


EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 42,376 125,380 136,833 132,855 132,882 130,929 135,380 154,741 

Fossil Fuel Fired 301,371 324,772 390,512 436,464 444,805 448,139 449,656 456,361 

of which multifuel 35,323 43,354 59,397 54,445 55,382 23,064 5,913 3,366 

Coal 122,525 139,683 135,506 109,207 109,528 127,550 123,667 97,792 

Brown Coal 37,587 48,090 53,018 54,729 55,707 50,463 46,779 31,880 

Oil 92,720 77,238 73,884 39,794 39,018 52,348 27,810 45,952 

Natural Gas 37,266 49,214 110,731 126,209 138,745 202,441 239,604 255,948 

Derived Gas 3,065 3,386 8,300 7,183 6,605 6,557 4,124 3,964 

Hydro 98,926 123,831 135,361 140,894 141,788 139,453 156,860 155,699 

Conventional Hydro 77,458 88,923 96,463 78,589 79,132 83,138 88,236 111,754 

of which Run of River 19,114 20,966 26,240 20,626 20,866 16,499 14,960 16,306 

Pumped and Mixed 21,468 34,909 38,892 36,901 37,258 31,014 42,624 45,145 

Other Renewables 1,613 3,720 21,085 77,984 93,338 125,988 271,663 370,444 

Solar 0 2 77 4,789 10,143 22,543 51,062 73,055 

Geothermal 432 502 604 698 702 706 1,018 1,575 

Wind 4 502 12,731 55,394 63,610 82,313 187,421 255,869 

of which Wind Onshore 4 458 10,146 33,406 12,923 19,067 51,984 60,566 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 44 895 1,454 2,752 29,011 40,445 

Biogas 0 230 988 3,348 3,848 3,630 4,459 4,812 

Biomass 932 1,448 3,152 9,178 9,709 12,203 17,992 28,065 

Waste 5 746 3,130 3,946 5,679 4,507 7,595 9,534 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 240 290 405 156 1 54 974 4,453 

Not Specified 8,252 7,666 485 2,615 2,702 8,766 11,561 302 

Total 452,636 585,480 684,323 791,233 815,515 853,273 1,025,149 1,141,676 

Note: in the above table, “multifuel” refers to the ability of a generating unit of using more than one single fuel in producing electricity (and heat). 

The same applies to the tables below. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 140 1,080 1,460 1,420 1,425 1,410 860 

Brown Coal 440 760 421 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1,170 950 870 490 500 450 400 

Natural Gas 2,180 2,050 3,090 3,690 4,659 4,809 7,396 

Derived Gas 220 220 280 375 363 393 460 

Hydro 8,210 10,870 11,730 12,020 12,381 12,540 16,999 18,379 




Other Renewables 1,415 1,415 1,419 2,001 2,689 

Solar 19 19 20 30 42 

Geothermal 1 1 1 1 1 

Wind 972 972 972 1,380 1,818 

of which Wind Onshore 972 972 972 1380 1,818 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 75 75 75 120 158 

Biomass 327 327 330 470 670 

Waste 21 21 21 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 160 150 140 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 12,620 16,190 18,040 19,410 20,743 21,021 28,116 31,753 

*Pumped & Mixed = storage power capacity. Biogas, Biomass, Waste, Refuse Derived Fuel and MSW/Industrial 

are also partly included in Conventional Thermal and Not Specified (Table 3.1.1) 




BELGIUM (be) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,666 5,500 5,713 5,825 5,825 5,825 5,825 5,825 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 

Coal 1,192 1,192 1,192 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 

Oil 463 518 518 0 

Natural Gas 6,735 7,486 10,200 11,704 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,128 1,401 1,410 1,417 1,418 1,497 1,500 1,500 

Conventional Hydro 72 2 103 110 111 111 111 111 

of which Run of River 55 2 103 110 111 111 111 111 


Other Renewables 0 84 223 892 1,125 1,530 3,300 6,013 

Solar 0 0 0 20 62 80 150 209 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 5 14 276 324 600 1,750 3,791 

of which Wind Onshore 

of which Wind Offshore 

Biogas 0 0 39 68 88 100 100 100 

Biomass 0 79 47 329 442 500 1,000 1,413 

Waste 0 0 123 199 209 250 300 500 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 

Total 11,004 14,146 15,682 16,360 16,758 18,048 22,535 25,042 

Note: conventional thermal total includes multifuel before 2002. 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,300 2,700 3,500 1,900 1,900 1,900 3,800 5,700 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 1,966 2,021 1,394 1,394 1,003 1,494 1,636 450 

Brown Coal 1,924 2,814 2,960 3,181 3,181 3,302 2,994 3,100 

Oil 450 420 220 220 220 220 220 220 

Natural Gas 490 400 360 360 360 580 970 2,060 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,700 1,800 1,950 1,800 1,800 1,880 2,250 2,460 



Pumped and Mixed 150 150 570 420 420 420 630 840 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 40 104 800 2,400 3,400 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 40 104 800 2,400 3,400 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 40 104 800 2,400 3,400 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 7,830 10,155 10,384 8,895 8,568 10,176 14,270 17,390



CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 264 462 988 1,118 1,118 1,338 2,198 2,678 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 264 462 988 1,118 1,118 1,118 428 188 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 220 1,770 2,490 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 




Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 116 390 796 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 6 60 286 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0 0 110 330 510 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 110 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 264 462 988 1,118 1,118 1,454 2,588 3,474 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 1,651 1,651 3,760 3,760 3,760 3,760 5,000 



Coal 1,447 1,373 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,839 2,659 2,659 

Brown Coal 7,442 9,090 7,976 8,835 9,807 7,285 6,445 5,000 

Oil 0 0 123 123 123 123 123 0 

Natural Gas 106 106 197 310 328 342 649 800 

Derived Gas 65 65 419 419 447 419 419 419 

Hydro 1,300 1,342 2,089 2,175 2,192 2,121 2,121 2,121 

Conventional Hydro 810 852 949 1,029 1,045 981 981 981 


Pumped and Mixed 490 490 1,140 1,146 1,147 1,140 1,140 1,140 

Other Renewables 0 8 1 163 190 2,000 2,200 2,500 

Solar 0 0 0 0 40 1,500 1,500 1,500 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 1 114 150 468 550 900 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 1 114 150 468 550 900 


Biogas 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 8 0 34 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 139 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 10,499 13,760 14,232 17,562 17,725 17,889 18,376 18,899 




GERMANy (de) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 8,607 22,406 22,396 20,470 20,470 20,480 16,600 8,500 


of which multifuel 10,128 8,723 9,521 8,800 8,700 8,700 

Coal 26,893 31,090 30,123 27,596 27,929 28,005 20,800 16,800 

Brown Coal 12,997 11,298 20,050 20,516 20,348 20,375 19,700 10,800 

Oil 12,035 7,229 7,218 6,258 6,116 6,050 600 400 

Natural Gas 11,611 14,144 20,127 23,394 23,353 24,620 16,600 28,400 

Derived Gas 4,479 4,510 4,610 4,700 1,600 1,900 

Hydro 6,451 6,851 9,392 10,876 10,904 11,024 13,000 13,000 


of which Run of River 3,404 3,760 3,790 3,890 


Other Renewables 3 800 7,186 30,649 35,089 46,981 84,400 96,300 

Solar 0 2 62 3,870 5,955 14,000 33,300 37,500 

Geothermal 0 0 0 3 7 11 300 400 

Wind 3 48 6,094 22,289 23,903 27,300 43,200 50,200 

of which Wind Onshore 3 48 6,094 22,289 0 108 10,000 16,600 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 450 10,000 15,000 

Biogas 0 140 250 1,592 1,950 2,200 2,500 2,700 

Biomass 0 50 260 2,094 2,104 2,200 2,400 2,400 

Waste 0 560 520 1,170 1,270 3,100 3,100 



Total 78,597 93,818 120,971 144,689 148,819 162,235 173,300 176,100 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 4,444 6,878 6,770 5,538 4,955 5,000 3,500 2,500 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 2,165 839 800 800 1,034 600 600 600 

Natural Gas 0 45 2,176 3,274 3,196 3,600 4,800 5,000 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 1 343 2,417 3,124 3,164 3,700 5,600 7,300 

of which Wind Onshore 1 343 2,377 2,798 2,739 2,934 3,474 3,974 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 40 326 425 766 2,126 3,326 

Biogas 0 0 0 71 

Biomass 0 95 245 223 

Waste 0 0 0 379 



Total 6,619 8,209 12,417 12,745 13,031 12,909 14,509 15,409



ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 3,211 98 104 2,275 2,392 2,581 

of which multifuel 0 0 0 

Coal 2,202 0 0 2,056 2,102 2,089 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 10 0 0 13 3 2 

Natural Gas 207 0 0 206 287 490 

Derived Gas 18 98 104 

Hydro 2 5 3 5 6 6 

Conventional Hydro 2 5 3 5 6 6 

of which Run of River 2 5 3 5 6 6 

Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 2 34 88 149 706 1,098 

Solar 0 0 0 2 2 6 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 34 65 108 635 988 

of which Wind Onshore 0 34 65 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 2 0 0 0 

Biomass 2 0 21 39 69 104 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 0 2,052 2,135 0 0 0 

Total 3,213 2,189 2,330 2,429 3,104 3,685 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,065 7,000 7,486 7,419 7,419 7,419 7,419 9,852 


of which multifuel 1,000 1,045 3,116 1,935 1,915 1,815 0 0 

Coal 4,358 8,621 9,494 9,219 9,168 11,153 8,856 2,984 

Brown Coal 1,800 1,800 1,930 1,931 1,929 

Oil 8,930 8,510 10,698 10,462 9,159 8,332 5,938 7,055 

Natural Gas 0 451 3,626 24,360 26,111 28,702 32,004 35,227 

Derived Gas 

Hydro 13,175 16,561 17,667 18,646 18,756 19,850 21,149 22,163 


of which Run of River 850 940 1,080 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 



Solar 

Geothermal 

0 0 1 686 3,392 5,331 9,648 12,831 

Wind 



0 35 2,243 14,177 15,672 19,248 34,400 50,342 

Biogas 0 0 28 152 144 164 264 364 

Biomass 0 0 97 330 333 393 693 993 

Waste 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 

0 0 257 463 471 481 531 581 

Not Specified 0 0 

Total 29,328 42,978 53,527 87,845 92,553 101,072 120,902 142,392 




FINLAND (fi) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 2,210 2,310 2,640 2,671 2,700 2,696 5,901 7,501 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 

Coal 2,601 3,506 3,760 3,269 3,256 

Brown Coal 185 986 1,354 1,222 1,220 

Oil 2,224 1,140 1,395 1,368 1,349 

Natural Gas 552 1,411 2,693 2,645 2,604 

Derived Gas 

Hydro 2,318 2,621 2,882 3,102 3,122 3,124 3,385 3,489 


of which Run of River 


Other Renewables 932 1,196 1,480 2,277 2,345 2,500 4,783 5,815 

Solar 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 38 110 143 240 1,500 2,500 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 38 110 143 


Biogas 

0 0 0 

Biomass 932 1,196 1,442 2,167 2,202 2,246 2,342 2,474 

Waste 149 149 14 41 41 


Not Specified 0 0 54 149 149 157 221 219 

Total 11,022 13,170 16,258 16,703 16,745 17,294 22,000 23,630 

FRANCE (fr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 14,394 55,750 63,183 63,260 63,300 63,400 65,000 60,112 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 12,800 11,900 10,300 6,900 3,700 1,754 

Brown Coal 227 100 0 0 0 0 

Oil 15,254 10,073 11,080 7,300 7,300 7,670 

Natural Gas 550 0 4,141 2,000 5,400 26,499 


Hydro 19,045 24,747 25,116 25,404 25,400 25,300 26,000 21,322 

Conventional Hydro 17,671 20,694 20,810 21,322 

of which Run of River 7,757 7,400 7,400 

Pumped and Mixed 1,374 4,053 4,300 

Other Renewables 240 240 718 3,130 4,175 3,700 17,000 42,403 

Solar 0 0 6 7 67 9,715 

Geothermal 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 38 2,225 3,300 3,700 17,000 28,794 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 34 106 127 

Biomass 0 0 20 261 267 2,834 

Waste 0 0 380 376 414 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 240 240 240 155 1,060 

Not Specified 0 0 0 8,500 11,000 

Total 62,711 103,410 115,338 115,879 117,575 117,100 135,400 159,760




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 5,767 11,353 12,486 10,979 10,979 9,679 5,288 12,658 


of which multifuel 4,510 5,030 7,092 7,004 7,004 7,004 2,000 2,000 

Coal 43,668 40,739 30,529 28,396 28,507 27,889 23,796 15,300 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 16,241 15,862 5,474 5,966 5,882 4,584 1,400 217 

Natural Gas 80 549 24,025 30,836 32,311 34,811 44,785 44,146 

Derived Gas 700 700 700 700 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 2,344 4,197 4,273 4,164 4,283 4,343 4,368 4,368 





Solar 0 0 2 19 25 45 145 245 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 

Wind 0 9 412 2,477 3,406 5,854 25,374 33,207 

of which Wind Onshore 0 9 408 2,254 2,835 4,800 13,471 16,188 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 4 404 629 1,054 11,903 17,019 

Biogas 0 90 425 903 915 943 1,041 1,150 

Biomass 0 0 157 228 228 308 1,637 2,951 

Waste 0 31 338 627 698 805 1,637 2,951 

Not Specified 0 0 1 1 1 1 183 2,083 


Total 68,800 73,530 78,822 84,765 87,433 89,261 110,082 118,710 

GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 1,863 3,889 4,461 4,808 4,808 4,808 5,018 4,305 

Oil 2,046 2,192 1,967 2,427 2,438 2,369 881 2,389 

Natural Gas 0 16 1,129 2,520 2,838 4,107 7,239 10,561 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,416 2,408 3,072 3,156 3,218 3,243 3,593 2,811 


of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Pumped and Mixed 0 315 699 699 699 699 699 

Other Renewables 0 3 261 967 1,200 1,441 5,350 7,749 

Solar 0 0 0 5 34 60 900 1,785 

Geothermal 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 49 

Wind 0 1 205 894 1,097 1,306 4,300 5,626 

of which Wind Onshore 0 1 205 894 998 1,188 3,913 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 99 118 387 

Biogas 0 0 21 38 39 45 50 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 36 30 30 30 30 289 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 5,324 8,508 10,891 13,877 14,503 15,968 22,081 27,815 




HUNGARy (hu) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 1,654 1,752 1,799 1,822 1,880 1,880 2,000 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 163 200 200 385 600 1,200 

Brown Coal 1,728 1,900 1,736 971 971 841 873 1,000 

Oil 306 481 1,229 408 408 422 408 500 

Natural Gas 2,763 2,500 2,597 4,504 4,572 4,217 4,892 5,000 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 46 48 47 46 50 50 60 65 



Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,200 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 150 

Wind 0 0 0 65 96 330 800 1,000 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 65 96 330 800 1,000 


Biogas 0 0 0 7 7 10 50 60 

Biomass 0 0 0 392 394 669 800 1,000 

Waste 0 0 18 21 21 21 30 50 


Not Specified 0 19 63 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 4,842 6,602 7,605 8,413 8,541 8,825 10,413 12,035 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 14 870 855 848 848 848 855 1,216 

Brown Coal 355 437 386 346 346 346 344 

Oil 1,307 1,011 1,255 1,337 1,337 1,229 1,255 224 

Natural Gas 172 938 1,425 2,958 2,957 3,806 3,985 5,890 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 512 512 526 530 530 530 549 230 


of which Run of River 8 8 19 

Pumped and Mixed 292 292 292 292 292 292 292 

Other Renewables 133 818 1,041 1,834 1,667 3,969 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 


Wind 118 784 1,007 1,719 1,600 3,191 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 118 1,200 

of which Wind Offshore 400 

Biogas 0 0 15 67 

Biomass 0 0 0 34 34 43 0 209 

Waste 0 0 0 72 0 


Not Specified 0 0 128 0 0 0 228 

Total 2,360 3,768 4,708 6,836 7,058 8,592 8,883 11,529



ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,424 0 0 0 0 0 1,579 12,410 


of which multifuel 12,608 20,204 33,778 31,629 32,606 

Coal 2,641 5,924 6,539 9,772 10,056 10,872 

Brown Coal 247 194 0 0 0 0 

Oil 22,725 21,274 22,375 10,546 3,706 4,086 

Natural Gas 2,381 9,053 23,560 50,453 48,293 46,170 

Derived Gas 1,152 787 917 

Hydro 15,826 18,770 20,346 21,117 21,276 17,095 17,440 17,440 


of which Run of River 2,730 3,109 3,453 4,416 4,567 

Pumped and Mixed 3,654 6,188 6,957 7,544 7,544 


Solar 0 0 6 74 419 1,254 3,834 7,122 

Geothermal 428 496 590 671 671 671 671 934 

Wind 0 0 364 2,714 3,538 4,507 12,154 19,008 



Biogas 0 0 174 330 350 

Biomass 0 0 202 376 448 2,440 4,435 7,243 

Waste 0 0 267 565 594 


Not Specified 0 0 0 314 315 0 0 0 

Total 46,824 56,548 75,504 93,598 98,625 96,738 102,168 118,042 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 2,367 2,367 1,183 1,183 0 1,600 3,200 


of which multifuel 2,023 2,304 2,329 2,224 2,297 1,980 1,560 707 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 2,105 1,130 746 148 148 148 196 196 

Natural Gas 66 1,322 1,731 2,360 2,393 2,098 2,523 1,667 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 106 105 873 837 836 887 884 890 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 52 68 131 500 700 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 18 20 21 30 46 



Total 2,277 4,924 5,717 4,598 4,648 3,285 5,762 6,728 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 85 80 51 490 498 505 530 550 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 490 498 505 530 550 

Derived Gas 85 80 51 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,124 1,124 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,328 1,328 





Solar 0 0 0 23 23 25 30 40 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 15 35 43 50 60 70 



Biogas 0 0 1 6 9 15 20 25 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 



Total 1,218 1,213 1,199 1,687 1,706 1,728 1,973 2,018 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 562 587 595 665 870 875 1,670 1,820 

of which multifuel 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 400 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 190 67 75 30 30 30 0 0 

Natural Gas 372 520 520 635 840 845 1,270 1,420 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,536 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,570 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 2 28 28 80 310 650 



Biogas 0 0 0 8 8 9 15 25 

Biomass 0 0 0 3 4 6 50 85 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 2,049 2,074 2,127 2,240 2,470 2,530 3,605 4,150



MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 577 571 571 545 571 610 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 577 571 571 545 447 446 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 124 164 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 




Other Renewables 0 0 0 5 80 213 

Solar 0 0 0 5 34 88 


Wind 0 0 0 0 46 125 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 3 4 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 577 571 571 550 651 823 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 498 449 449 510 510 510 510 2,110 



Coal 1,936 3,839 4,176 4,161 4,161 4,161 9,766 9,110 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 742 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 

Natural Gas 11,050 10,524 13,629 15,643 16,272 17,771 26,832 27,798 

Derived Gas 642 934 500 945 945 945 1,545 1,545 

Hydro 0 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 




Other Renewables 227 778 2,508 3,031 3,196 7,090 7,160 

Solar 0 0 53 57 60 70 90 

Geothermal 

Wind 57 435 1,748 2,221 2,328 6,000 6,000 

of which Wind Onshore 57 435 1,640 1,993 2,100 3,000 3,000 


Biogas 

0 0 108 228 228 3,000 3,000 

Biomass 20 53 200 237 263 300 350 

Waste 150 290 507 516 545 720 720 



Total 14,868 16,047 19,569 23,804 24,956 26,620 45,780 47,760 




POLAND (pl) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,070 



Coal 16,471 17,417 20,286 20,525 20,249 20,855 28,411 25,687 

Brown Coal 4,385 8,218 7,759 8,154 8,350 9,028 7,291 5,087 

Oil 385 385 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 362 1,002 1,088 1,193 4,451 11,237 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,287 1,960 2,134 2,304 2,311 2,297 2,338 2,367 



Pumped and Mixed 645 1,195 1,622 1,689 1,689 1,652 1,652 1,652 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 4 303 520 2,028 8,505 12,148 



Biogas 0 0 0 37 48 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 9 32 8 139 298 427 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 22,527 27,980 30,553 32,328 32,575 35,549 51,304 60,034 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 135 1,316 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,776 584 380 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1,891 2,806 3,035 2,927 2,893 2,813 840 500 

Natural Gas 0 0 1,168 2,564 2,714 4,193 7,006 6,385 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 2,467 3,327 4,469 5,024 5,032 5,088 9,867 10,267 



Pumped and Mixed 68 604 604 1,035 1,035 1,035 4,531 4,531 

Other Renewables 4 4 384 2,546 3,208 5,438 11,350 12,020 

Solar 0 0 0 13 49 140 1,100 1,100 

Geothermal 4 4 14 23 23 23 23 23 

Wind 0 0 89 2,133 2,757 4,726 8,550 9,220 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 89 2,133 2,757 4,726 8,050 8,070 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 1,150 

Biogas 0 0 1 11 15 40 171 171 

Biomass 0 0 9 27 27 120 250 250 

Waste 0 0 271 339 336 344 476 476 


Not Specified 0 0 55 100 103 109 112 83 

Total 4,496 7,454 10,887 14,937 15,726 19,416 29,759 29,635



ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 655 1,300 1,300 1,300 2,630 4,130 


of which multifuel 5,054 5,204 2,696 2,852 2,858 2,700 1,488 659 

Coal 1,366 1,366 1,234 1,339 1,392 1,193 1,924 2,726 

Brown Coal 3,310 5,920 3,366 4,178 4,160 3,891 3,777 2,251 

Oil 2,077 2,129 1,184 715 867 675 372 165 

Natural Gas 3,957 4,055 2,256 2,761 3,012 3,084 4,096 4,622 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 2,990 4,930 5,170 5,859 5,843 5,908 7,595 7,646 



Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,213 1,213 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 7 7 408 3,535 5,189 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 7 7 401 3,496 4,996 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 401 3,496 4,996 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 8 38 192 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 13.700 18.400 13.865 16.160 16.582 16.460 23.929 26.728 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4,625 9,970 9,439 9,063 8,938 9,570 10,030 7,030 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0 3,760 5,119 5,055 5,200 2,870 2,870 


Coal 0 0 913 130 130 130 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 2,421 4,303 4,239 4,000 1,800 1,800 

Natural Gas 0 0 290 550 550 970 970 970 

Derived Gas 0 0 136 136 136 100 100 100 

Hydro 14,500 16,330 16,229 16,209 16,195 16,200 16,400 16,600 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 4 241 788 1,021 1,600 6,800 9,000 

of which Wind Onshore 0 

of which Wind Offshore 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 600 2,266 2,332 2,400 3,000 4,150 

Waste 0 0 625 620 640 620 660 720 


Not Specified 7,949 7,368 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 27,074 33,672 30,894 34,065 34,181 35,590 39,760 40,370 




SLOVENIA (si) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 630 656 666 666 696 696 1,781 



Coal 872 950 1,009 954 896 826 854 549 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 143 143 9 0 0 58 170 170 

Natural Gas 0 0 52 382 383 402 679 595 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 663 779 843 1,018 1,027 1,257 1,935 2,501 

Conventional Hydro 663 779 843 1,018 1,027 1,072 1,350 1,731 

of which Run of River 663 779 843 1,018 1,027 1,072 1,350 1,731 


Other Renewables 0 0 15 17 60 343 584 

Solar 0 0 17 12 139 235 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 10 

Wind 0 0 2 106 235 



Biogas 0 0 29 61 59 

Biomass 0 0 14 22 31 

Waste 0 0 2 15 15 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 1,678 2,502 2,614 3,035 2,989 3,299 4,677 6,180 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 820 1,640 2,460 2,050 2,110 1,814 2,862 3,862 



Coal 773 793 747 666 666 666 1,116 1,116 

Brown Coal 684 684 619 587 587 587 337 337 

Oil 70 98 98 86 86 168 168 258 

Natural Gas 936 1,130 1,370 971 971 1,421 1,853 2,602 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 822 1,615 2,437 2,475 2,477 2,480 2,487 3,130 

Conventional Hydro 684 742 1,564 1,568 1,570 1,573 1,580 1,630 


Pumped and Mixed 138 873 873 907 907 907 907 1,500 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 3 120 200 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 

Wind 0 0 1 5 5 5 75 150 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 9 78 78 85 185 285 

Waste 0 0 0 6 6 6 20 40 



Total 4,105 5,960 7,741 6,924 6,986 7,235 9,222 11,985




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,940 2,950 3,162 3,220 3,220 3,238 3,268 4,213 

Fossil Fuel Fired 75 75 100 100 1,000 1,100 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 7 8 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 68 67 100 100 1,000 1,100 


Hydro 13,240 13,457 13,500 14,800 15,600 15,970 





Solar 0 2 13 29 34 45 98 151 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 3 12 12 51 245 439 



Biogas 3 12 12 51 245 439 

Biomass 8 2 2 5 21 36 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 603 689 585 673 683 688 712 740 

Total 14,107 15,441 17,330 17,635 17,719 19,094 21,110 22,815 

NORWAY (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 35 35 63 656 915 656 1,442 2,622 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 35 35 63 656 656 1,442 2,622 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 19,598 26,375 27,262 28,900 28,942 29,075 29,471 31,651 

Conventional Hydro 19,004 25,147 25,994 27,631 27,806 28,203 29,392 


Pumped and Mixed 594 1,228 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 2,260 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 13 325 391 991 1,652 2,643 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 13 325 991 1,431 2,165 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 22 22 22 22 22 


Not Specified 203 228 218 218 168 168 168 

Total 19,836 26,637 27,578 30,100 30,248 30,912 32,755 37,106 




TURKEy (tr) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 2,975 9,536 16,029 27,228 27,535 

of which multifuel 184 372 1,358 3,384 4,869 

Coal 323 332 480 1,986 1,986 

Brown Coal 1,047 4,874 6,509 8,211 8,205 

Oil 1,605 2,120 1,996 2,455 2,274 

Natural Gas 2,210 7,044 14,576 15,070 

Derived Gas 

Hydro 2,131 6,764 11,175 13,395 13,828 

Conventional Hydro 


Pumped and Mixed 

2,131 6,764 11,175 13,395 13,828 


Solar 

12 18 60 212 454 

Geothermal 18 18 23 30 

Wind 19 146 364 



19 146 364 

Biogas 

Biomass 

4 16 33 

Waste 


Not Specified 

12 19 27 27 

Total 5,118 16,318 27,264 40,835 41,817

Supply 

3.1b Generation Equipment – Capacity by Technology 

table 3.1b.1 Max Net Generating Capacity by Technology (MW) 

The tables below present the generating capacity from a different perspective, i.e. by technology. Data 

shown are in MW and include both historical data and forecasts for each of the 27 EU Member States 

plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 

Gas Turbine Units 

Combined Cycle Units 

Internal Combustion Units 

5,975 6,947 7,062 9,116 10,685 

Hydro 8,210 10,870 11,730 12,020 12,381 12,540 16,999 18,379 

Non-fuel Renewables 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 

100 110 170 1,415 1,415 1,419 2,001 2,689 

Not Specified 1,944 2,619 3,870 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 12,620 16,190 18,040 19,410 20,743 21,021 28,116 31,753 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,666 5,500 5,719 5,825 5,825 5,825 5,825 5,825 

Steam Thermal Units 6,324 4,272 3,465 3,398 

Gas Turbine Units 276 1,281 1,421 1,667 

Combined Cycle Units 186 2,792 3,419 3,456 

Internal Combustion Units 169 200 417 489 

Hydro 1,128 1,401 1,410 1,417 1,418 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 290 8 396 444 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 8,210 0 0 0 0 

Total 11,004 14,146 15,682 16,360 16,697 17,600 21,500 25,500 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,300 2,700 3,500 1,900 1,900 1,900 3,800 5,700 

Steam Thermal Units 4,830 5,655 4,934 5,155 4,764 5,596 5,520 4,330 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 1,500 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,700 1,800 1,950 1,800 1,800 1,880 2,250 2,460 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 40 104 800 2,400 3,400 



Total 7,830 10,155 10,384 8,895 8,568 10,176 14,270 17,390 


Supply 3.1b Generation Equipment – Capacity by Technology 


CyPRUS (cy) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 264 462 800 930 930 930 630 390 


Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 220 1,380 2,100 


Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 116 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 264 462 988 1,118 1,179 1,454 2,198 2,678 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 1,651 1,651 3,760 3,760 3,760 3,760 5,000 



Combined Cycle Units 0 0 419 648 570 579 579 700 


Hydro 1,300 1,342 2,089 2,175 2,192 2,121 2,121 2,121 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 8 1 164 190 1,968 2,050 2,400 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 

Not Specified 139 125 0 0 0 32 150 100 

Total 10,499 13,760 14,232 17,562 17,725 17,889 18,376 18,499 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 8,607 22,406 22,396 20,470 20,470 20,480 16,600 8,500 

Steam Thermal Units 64,500 62,700 63,060 63,020 48,200 36,400 

Gas Turbine Units 3,450 3,900 4,157 5,650 5,700 5,800 6,000 11,000 

Combined Cycle Units 14,000 18,250 18,250 20,000 12,000 18,300 

Internal Combustion Units 290 550 570 600 700 800 

Hydro 6,451 6,851 9,392 10,876 10,904 11,024 13,000 13,000 

Non-fuel Renewables 6,156 26,162 29,865 41,311 76,800 88,100 


Not Specified 0 0 80 31 0 0 0 0 

Total 78,597 93,818 120,971 144,689 148,819 162,235 173,300 176,100 

Notes for Germany: 

Gas Turbine Units & Internal Combustion Units: rough estimates; 

Not Specified Technology: predominantly Steam Thermal Units and Combined Cycle Units; data or estimates not available.



DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 

Non-fuel Renewables 1 438 2,662 3,124 3,166 3,700 5,600 7,300 



Total 6,619 8,209 12,417 12,745 13,153 12,909 14,509 15,409 

ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 1,429 2,745 2,000 

Gas Turbine Units 0 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 

Internal Combustion Units 10 15 4 

Hydro 2 5 3 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 58 65 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 

Not Specified 0 0 258 

Total 2,441 2,823 2,330 2,630 3,350 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,065 7,000 7,486 7,419 7,419 7,419 7,419 9,852 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 304 301 301 304 304 1,552 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 19,231 20,863 23,286 25,838 27,063 

Internal Combustion Units 1,000 1,705 2,329 3,811 3,963 3,543 4,377 5,380 

Hydro 13,175 16,561 17,667 18,646 18,756 19,850 21,149 22,163 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 35 2,626 15,808 20,012 25,617 45,536 65,110 


Not Specified 

Total 29,328 42,978 53,527 87,845 92,553 101,072 120,902 142,392 

FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 2,210 2,310 2,640 2,671 2,646 2,696 5,901 7,501 

Steam Thermal Units 5,679 6,882 7,215 

Gas Turbine Units 815 1,357 1,847 

Combined Cycle Units 0 1,586 

Internal Combustion Units 0 50 

Hydro 2,318 2,621 2,882 3,102 3,097 3,124 3,385 3,489 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 38 240 1,500 2,500 



Total 11,022 13,170 16,258 17,294 21,540 23,270 




FRANCE (fr) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 14,394 55,750 63,183 63,260 63,300 63,400 65,000 

Steam Thermal Units 29,032 22,673 26,321 27,072 27,150 12,700 9,500 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 1,500 1,500 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 2,000 5,400 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 

Hydro 19,045 24,747 25,116 25,404 25,400 25,300 26,000 

Non-fuel Renewables 240 240 718 2,277 3,547 3,700 17,000 


Not Specified 0 0 0 8,500 11,000 

Total 62,711 103,410 115,338 118,219 119,614 117,100 135,400 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 5,767 11,353 12,486 10,979 10,979 9,679 5,288 12,658 


Gas Turbine Units 3,638 3,130 1,291 1,415 1,415 1,415 1,019 911 

Combined Cycle Units 0 229 21,058 25,929 26,002 28,641 38,966 36,529 

Internal Combustion Units 0 90 425 903 915 943 1,041 1,150 

Hydro 2,344 4,197 4,273 4,164 4,283 4,343 4,368 4,368 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 9 415 2,497 3,431 5,899 25,702 35,534 



Total 68,800 73,530 78,822 84,765 87,433 89,261 110,082 118,710 

GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 255 294 343 604 606 606 447 

Combined Cycle Units 0 16 920 2,084 2,532 3,672 6,713 

Internal Combustion Units 146 292 676 1,090 930 921 810 

Hydro 1,416 2,408 3,072 3,156 3,218 3,243 3,593 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 3 205 899 1,131 1,441 5,350 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 5,324 8,508 10,891 13,877 14,503 15,968 22,081 

HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 1,654 1,752 1,799 1,822 1,880 1,880 2,000 





Hydro 46 48 47 46 50 50 60 65 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 65 96 330 800 1,000 


Not Specified 0 20 18 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 4,842 6,602 7,605 8,413 8,541 8,825 10,413 12,035



IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Combined Cycle Units 115 258 735 2,318 2,317 3,193 3,295 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 15 0 0 0 67 

Hydro 512 512 526 530 530 530 549 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 118 784 1,007 1,719 1,600 


Not Specified 0 0 128 34 34 115 228 

Total 2,360 3,768 4,708 6,836 7,058 8,592 8,883 

ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,424 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 27,492 34,761 40,048 24,751 24,543 

Gas Turbine Units 1,465 2,120 5,314 3,999 4,050 

Combined Cycle Units 0 115 7,840 38,676 42,406 

Internal Combustion Units 189 236 832 1,283 1,409 

Hydro 15,826 18,770 20,346 21,117 21,276 

Non-fuel Renewables 428 546 1,124 3,459 4,627 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 

Not Specified 0 0 0 314 315 

Total 46,824 56,548 75,504 93,598 98,625 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 2,367 2,367 1,183 1,183 0 1,600 3,200 

Steam Thermal Units 2,171 2,452 2,477 2,526 2,541 2,267 1,666 826 




Hydro 106 105 873 837 836 887 884 890 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 52 88 131 500 700 



Total 2,277 4,924 5,717 4,598 4,648 3,285 5,762 6,728 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 1,124 1,124 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,328 1,328 



Not Specified 85 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 1,214 1,209 1,199 1,687 1,706 1,728 1,973 2,018 




LATVIA (lv) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Hydro 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,536 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,570 




Total 2,049 2,074 2,127 2,240 2,470 2,530 3,605 4,150 

MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 354 350 350 

Gas Turbine Units 113 111 111 


Internal Combustion Units 0 

Hydro 0 0 0 




Total 577 571 571 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 498 449 449 510 510 510 510 2,110 

Steam Thermal Units 0 6,100 7,009 9,547 9,539 8,882 13,089 13,233 

Gas Turbine Units 522 314 1,131 1,279 1,278 1,239 1,099 1,039 

Combined Cycle Units 3,815 8,800 8,485 7,521 7,743 9,849 20,313 20,489 

Internal Combustion Units 0 139 1,582 3,108 3,571 3,715 4,661 4,761 

Hydro 0 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 



Not Specified 10,033 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 14,868 16,047 19,569 23,804 24,956 26,620 45,780 47,760 

POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,070 





Hydro 1,287 1,960 2,134 2,304 2,311 2,297 2,338 2,367 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 13 342 577 2,176 8,813 12,586 



Total 22,527 27,980 30,553 32,328 32,575 35,549 51,304 60,034



PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 




Internal Combustion Units 340 554 765 884 926 1,023 1,420 1,420 

Hydro 2,467 3,327 4,469 5,024 5,032 5,088 9,867 10,267 




Total 4,496 7,454 10,887 14,937 15,726 19,416 29,759 29,635 

ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 655 1,300 1,300 1,300 2,630 4,130 





Hydro 2,990 4,930 5,170 5,859 5,843 5,908 7,595 7,646 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 7 7 408 3,496 4,996 



Total 13,700 18,400 13,865 16,160 16,582 16,460 23,929 26,728 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4,625 9,970 9,439 9,063 8,938 9,570 10,030 7,030 


Gas Turbine Units 1,695 1,687 1,341 1,600 1,607 1,600 1,600 1,600 



Hydro 14,500 16,330 16,229 16,209 16,195 16,200 16,400 16,600 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 4 241 788 1,021 1,600 6,800 9,000 


Not Specified 

Total 27,074 33,672 30,894 34,065 34,181 35,590 39,760 40,370 

SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 630 656 666 666 696 696 1,781 

Steam Thermal Units 1,015 1,093 1,085 992 868 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 17 321 385 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 13 38 42 

Hydro 663 779 843 1,018 1,027 1,257 1,935 2,501 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 1 


Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 1,346 2,046 1,898 

Total 1,678 2,502 2,614 3,035 2,989 3,299 4,677 6,180 




SLOVAKIA (sk) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 820 1,640 2,460 2,050 2,110 1,814 2,862 3,862 





Hydro 822 1,615 2,437 2,475 2,477 2,480 2,487 3,130 




Total 4,105 5,960 7,741 6,924 6,986 7,235 9,222 11,985 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,940 2,950 3,162 3,220 3,220 3,238 3,268 4,213 

Steam Thermal Units 75 388 398 398 396 394 


Combined Cycle Units 115 67 100 100 1,000 1,100 


Hydro 11,450 11,637 13,240 13,456 13,500 14,800 15,600 15,970 

Non-fuel Renewables 24 41 46 95 343 590 


Not Specified 717 854 470 312 304 312 352 394 

Total 14,107 15,441 17,330 17,635 17,719 19,094 21,110 22,815 

NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 0 0 22 22 22 22 22 


Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 420 420 1,179 2,359 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 19,598 26,375 27,262 28,900 28,942 29,075 29,471 31,651 

Non-fuel Renewables 325 991 1,652 2,643 


Not Specified 203 228 218 200 168 168 168 

Total 19,836 26,637 27,578 30,130 30,912 32,755 37,106 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 0 8,509 10,545 10,545 

Gas Turbine Units 0 449 1,075 1,253 

Combined Cycle Units 0 6,854 14,424 14,434 

Internal Combustion Units 0 241 1,174 1,301 

Hydro 2,131 6,764 11,175 13,395 13,828 

Non-fuel Renewables 18 36 169 394 


Not Specified 2,987 9,536 0 53 61 

Total 5,118 16,318 27,264 40,835 41,817

Supply 3.1.3a CHP Capacity by Fuel 

table 3.1.3a CHP Capacity (MW) 

The tables below show the capacity of cogeneration plants in the 27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, 

Norway and Turkey. Capacity is expressed in MW, and differentiated by primary energy. The tables 

present both historical data (between 1980 and 2008) and estimates for 2010, 2020 and 2030. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 277 935 910 1,000 800 

Oil 406 262 270 390 400 

Natural Gas 627 791 2,030 3,160 3,460 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Non-Renewables 474 481 520 800 990 

Total 1,784 2,469 3,730 5,276 5,300 5,350 5,650 

CHP Biomass and CHP Multifuels are included in CHP Total Capacity. 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 495 495 495 

Coal 0 0 0 

Oil 68 74 74 

Natural Gas 706 1,331 2,001 

Renewables 4 54 114 

Other Non-Renewables 25 25 25 

Total 1,298 2,160 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 148 120 110 110 110 110 110 110 

Oil 460 390 270 270 270 270 270 270 

Natural Gas 426 404 294 294 294 374 374 374 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 1.034 914 674 674 674 754 754 754 

CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Coal 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Oil 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Total 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 335 335 338 338 400 500 600 

Coal 0 1,824 3,390 3,320 3,320 3,350 3,450 3,500 

Oil 0 0 130 130 130 130 130 130 

Natural Gas 0 106 333 400 400 620 720 800 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 0 2,265 4,188 4,188 4,188 4,500 4,800 5,030 




Multifuels 

GERMANy (de) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 5,300 5,300 5,300 

Oil 750 750 750 

Natural Gas 15,300 15,300 16,350 

Renewables 2,150 2,500 2,750 


Total 6,819 8,996 18,500 23,550 23,900 25,200 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 3,591 7,741 6,745 5,622 4,059 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 140 2,421 3,596 4,833 



Total 3,591 7,881 9,166 9,218 8,892 

ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 17 176 176 



Total 505 423 423 

SPAIN (es) 

Multifuels 0 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 81 42 42 42 42 42 

Oil 525 900 1,449 1,391 1,381 1,446 1,561 1,676 

Natural Gas 0 451 3,322 4,828 4,947 5,112 5,862 6,612 

Renewables 

Other Non-Renewables 0 

Total 525 1,351 4,852 6,261 6,370 6,600 7,465 8,330 

FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 1,468 998 985 965 417 437 

Oil 158 304 290 304 170 158 

Natural Gas 1,797 2,245 2,204 2,477 2,864 2,518 

Renewables 1,442 2,051 2,086 2,131 2,253 2,385 

Other Non-Renewables 1,038 1,081 1,079 1,569 1,569 1,429 

Total 2,839 4,000 5,903 6,679 6,644 7,033 7,273 6,927



FRANCE (fr) 

Multifuels 0 

Coal 211 

Oil 211 

Natural Gas 2,530 

Renewables 843 


Total 4,217 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 877 527 160 194 184 173 152 126 

Oil 1,077 884 266 102 95 93 76 54 

Natural Gas 43 315 3,168 4,152 4,143 6,043 8,879 11,111 

Renewables 0 0 110 163 191 282 1,006 1,879 


Total 2,524 2,126 4,478 5,450 5,469 7,472 11,078 14,166 

GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 

Coal 0 0 435 748 748 768 768 

Oil 132 154 153 136 136 136 136 

Natural Gas 0 16 28 97 97 106 131 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 165 203 649 1,014 1,014 1,043 1,068 

HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 182 176 150 30 30 30 20 20 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 589 637 613 1,363 1,345 1,430 1,080 760 

Renewables 0 0 0 11 38 20 80 200 


Total 770 813 844 1,423 1,433 1,500 1,200 1,000 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 100 163 163 163 200 



Total 118 163 163 163 218 




ITALy (it) 

Multifuels 0 

Coal 0 

Oil 0 

Natural Gas 100 

Renewables 0 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total 5,249 4,540 11,892 19,775 20,886 20,651 21,010 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 314 594 619 595 565 596 450 477 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 148 148 148 148 148 148 196 196 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 54 54 54 399 399 

Renewables 0 0 0 18 20 21 59 65 


Total 462 742 767 815 787 819 1,104 1,137 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 4 4 51 104 112 120 130 140 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 4 4 51 104 112 120 130 140 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 160 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 520 520 520 579 643 645 775 800 

Renewables 0 0 0 11 12 15 65 110 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 562 587 595 640 665 670 1,000 1,070 

MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 




Total 0 0 0




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 

Coal 

Oil 

1,163 1,163 930 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 

Natural Gas 2,652 4,131 5,925 10,378 10,945 11,541 15,514 15,940 

Renewables 0 0 0 234 315 341 465 550 


Total 3,815 5,294 7,000 12,219 12,870 13,492 17,589 18,100 

POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 7,063 7,914 6,665 6,449 6,198 6,632 4,674 4,299 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 362 931 1,366 1,193 1,741 1,726 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 7,063 7,914 7,026 7,380 7,564 7,825 6,415 6,025 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 430 589 690 660 642 562 340 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 178 398 548 749 1,487 1,856 

Renewables 0 0 228 282 279 280 394 394 


Total 430 589 1,106 1,395 1,527 1,650 2,250 2,250 

ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 

Coal 1,390 1,560 1,257 1,277 1,275 1,245 1,254 1,103 

Oil 754 1,725 875 527 541 502 290 177 

Natural Gas 1,436 3,285 1,668 1,632 1,833 1,753 2,938 3,470 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 192 


Total 3,580 6,570 3,800 3,437 3,649 3,500 4,520 4,942 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 130 0 0 

Oil 590 120 100 


Renewables 2,680 3,350 3,600 


Total 3,179 3,280 3,196 4,107 4,149 4,470 4,540 4,770 




SLOVENIA (si) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 883 908 908 

Coal 58 103 9 896 

Oil 0 0 67 79 80 



Other Non-Renewables 0 0 

Total 58 103 982 1,003 1,005 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 491 574 454 713 713 713 896 896 

Oil 70 98 98 83 83 83 83 83 

Natural Gas 336 467 707 479 479 479 479 1,284 

Renewables 0 0 0 84 84 91 205 325 


Total 897 1,139 1,259 1,359 1,359 1,366 1,663 2,588 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 8 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 67 100 100 1,000 1,100 

Renewables 170 170 173 188 202 


Total 655 680 683 1,576 1,692 

NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 200 200 200 

Renewables 22 22 22 22 22 


Total 203 228 239 390 390 390 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 1,173 2,059 2,230 

Coal 133 165 144 

Oil 540 467 273 

Natural Gas 616 1,744 2,012 

Renewables 0 


Total 2,474 4,435 4,659

Supply 3.1.3b CHP Capacity by Company Type 

table 3.1.3b CHP Capacity by Company Type (MW) 

Cogeneration plays an important role in those industry sectors which require a significant amount of 

steam or process heat. Indeed, a number of factories are equipped with their own cogeneration units in 

order to obtain an integrated production of electricity and heat. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

The tables below break down the CHP capacity given in the previous table by company type, thus 

distinguishing between generating companies and autoproducers. Capacity is indicated for each of the 

27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey, and is presented both for past years 

(between 1980 and 2008) and as forecasts for the years 2010, 2020 and 2030. 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 953 1,619 2,670 3,960 4,135 

Autoproducers 831 850 1,060 1,390 1,515 

Total 1,784 2,469 3,730 5,276 5,300 5,350 5,650 

CHP Biomass and CHP Multifuels are included in CHP Total Capacity. 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 967 1,490 

Autoproducers 331 670 

Total 1,298 2,160 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 194 274 360 360 360 440 440 440 

Autoproducers 840 640 314 314 314 314 314 314 

Total 1,034 914 674 674 674 754 754 754 

CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 0 0 

Autoproducers 0 0 0 0 

Total 0 0 0 0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 2,094 2,094 

Autoproducers 2,094 2,094 

Total 0 2,265 4,188 4,188 4,188 4,500 4,800 5,030 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 6,819 8,996 10,000 13,400 13,500 14,600 

Autoproducers 0 0 8,500 10,150 10,400 10,600 

Total 6,819 8,996 18,500 23,550 23,900 25,200 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 3,591 7,786 7,833 7,718 7,392 

Autoproducers 0 95 1,333 1,500 1,500 

Total 3,591 7,881 9,166 9,218 8,892 




ESTONIA (ee) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 449 299 391 

Autoproducers 56 56 32 

Total 505 355 423 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 

Autoproducers 525 1,351 4,852 6,261 6,370 6,600 7,465 8,330 

Total 525 1,351 4,852 6,261 6,370 6,600 7,465 8,330 

FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Autoproducers 

Total 2,839 4,000 5,903 6,679 7,033 7,713 7,367 

FRANCE (fr) 


Autoproducers 

Total 4,217 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 600 1,725 1,725 2,224 1,946 1,718 

Autoproducers 2,524 2,126 3,878 3,725 3,744 5,248 9,132 12,448 

Total 2,524 2,126 4,478 5,450 5,469 7,472 11,078 14,166 

GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 435 748 748 768 768 

Autoproducers 165 203 214 266 266 275 300 

Total 165 203 649 1,014 1,014 1,043 1,068 

HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Total 770 813 844 1,423 1,433 1,500 1,200 1,000 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 60 163 163 163 130 

Autoproducers 58 0 0 0 88 

Total 118 163 163 163 218



ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 29 209 7,698 15,678 16,013 15,756 15,989 22,928 


Total 5,249 4,540 11,892 19,775 20,886 20,651 21,010 30,288 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Total 462 742 767 815 787 819 1,104 1,137 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Total 4 4 51 104 112 120 130 140 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Total 562 587 595 640 665 670 1,000 1,070 

MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 0 

Autoproducers 0 0 0 

Total 0 0 0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 3,553 4,534 6,000 5,365 5,365 5,793 9,019 9,400 

Other Non-Renewables 262 760 1,000 6,854 7,505 7,699 8,570 8,700 

Total 3,815 5,294 7,000 12,219 12,870 13,492 17,589 18,100 

POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 4,280 5,132 5,002 5,686 5,599 5,837 4,247 3,777 


Total 7,063 7,914 7,026 7,380 7,564 7,825 6,415 6,025 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 56 56 56 1,037 1,049 1,320 2,250 2,250 

Autoproducers 374 533 1,050 358 478 330 0 0 

Total 430 589 1,106 1,395 1,527 1,650 2,250 2,250 




ROMANIA (ro) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Autoproducers 650 660 437 426 426 421 1,300 1,300 

Total 3,580 6,570 3,800 3,437 3,649 3,500 4,520 4,942 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Autoproducers 1,008 756 932 1,224 1,194 1,200 1,200 1,200 

Total 3,179 3,280 3,196 4,107 4,149 4,470 4,540 4,770 

SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 58 103 890 921 924 


Total 58 103 982 1,003 1,005 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 317 361 360 864 864 864 800 1,725 


Total 897 1,139 1,259 1,359 1,359 1,366 1,663 2,588 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 628 649 651 1,504 1,614 


Total 655 680 683 1,576 1,692 

NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Autoproducers 203 228 239 390 390 390 

Total 203 228 239 390 390 390 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 189 2,185 2,407 

Autoproducers 2,285 2,250 2,252 

Total 2,474 4,435 4,659

Supply 

3.2 Evolution of generation Equipment 

table 3.2.1 New Capacities – Commissioning Capacity (MW) 

The tables below show the capacity (in MW) that has been added in each of the 27 EU Member States 

plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey in 2008 and in the period 2009-2010. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

Nuclear 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels 

Hydro 

Conventional ‘Hydro 




Not Specified 

Total 

BELGIUM (be) 

Nuclear 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels 

Hydro 





Not Specified 

Total 

2008 2009-2010 

2008 2009-2010 


Supply 3.2 Evolution of generation Equipment 


BULGARIA (bg) 

Nuclear 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels 

Hydro 




Other Renewables 64 

Not Specified 

Total 64 

CyPRUS (cy) 

Nuclear 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 

Coal 0 

Brown Coal 0 

Oil 1,118 

Natural Gas 0 

Derived Gas 50 

Multifuels 0 

Hydro 0 

Conventional ‘Hydro 0 

of which Run of River 0 

Pumped and Mixed 0 


Not Specified 0 

Total 1,168 



2008 2009-2010 

2008 2009-2010 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels 

Hydro 




Other Renewables 1,460 

Not Specified 

Total 1,460



GERMANy (de) 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 10 

Fossil Fuel Fired 335 3,096 

Coal 330 725 

Brown Coal 0 65 

Oil 0 0 

Natural Gas 5 1,996 

Derived Gas 0 310 

Multifuels 0 0 

Hydro 30 170 

Conventional ‘Hydro 30 150 


Pumped and Mixed 0 20 

Other Renewables 4,020 12,000 


Total 4,485 15,276 

DENMARK (dk) 

Nuclear 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels 

Hydro 





Not Specified 

Total 

ESTONIA (ee) 

2008 2009-2010 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0 

Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 



Hydro 0 0 


of which Run of River 0 0 


Other Renewables 20 55.4 


Total 20 55.4 




SPAIN (es) 


2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 1,937 2,148 

Coal 0 0 


Oil 107 298 

Natural Gas 1,830 1,850 



Hydro 110 1,094 






Total 6,149 8,873 

FINLAND (fi) 

Nuclear - 

2008 2009-2010 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels - 

Hydro 29 21 

Conventional ‘Hydro - 

of which Run of River - 

Pumped and Mixed - 

Other Renewables 18 15 

Not Specified - 

Total 277 304 

FRANCE (fr) 

Nuclear 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels 

Hydro 





Not Specified 

Total 

2008 2009-2010




2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 

Natural Gas 1,399 5,289 



Hydro 52 56 






Total 3,225 7,685 

GREECE (gr) 

Nuclear 0 


Coal 0 

Brown Coal 0 

Oil 11 


Derived Gas 0 

Multifuels 0 

Hydro 62 






Total 627 

HUNGARy (hu) 

2008 2009-2010 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 67 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 0 






Total 387 114 




IRELAND (ie) 


2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 0 






Total 223 1,661 

ITALy (it) 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels 

Hydro 




106 27 

Other Renewables 593 6,296 


Total 4,425 10,336 


2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 1 1 






Total 41 50




Nuclear 0 


Coal 0 

Brown Coal 0 

Oil 0 

Natural Gas 5 

Derived Gas 0 

Multifuels 0 

Hydro 0 






Total 26 

LATVIA (lv) 

2008 2009-2010 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 4 0 






Total 210 55 

MALTA (mt) 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 0 






Total 0 0 






2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 0 






Total 1,152 1,665 

POLAND (pl) 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 430 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 7 23 






Total 768 2,854 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 8 55 






Total 825 3,770



ROMANIA (ro) 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 85 65 






Total 292 458 

SWEDEN (se) 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 


Derived Gas 

Multifuels 

Hydro 





Not Specified 

Total 1,070 

SLOVENIA (si) 

Nuclear 0 


Coal 0 

Brown Coal 0 

Oil 0 


Derived Gas 0 

Multifuels 0 

Hydro 1 






Total 96 

2008 2009-2010 




SLOVAKIA (sk) 


2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 60 126 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 95 




Hydro 2 3 




Other Renewables 0 11.5 


Total 62 714.5 


Nuclear 0 


Coal 0 

Brown Coal 0 

Oil 0 

Natural Gas 0 


Multifuels 0 

Hydro 20 






Total 125 

NORWAy (no) 

Nuclear 0 


Coal 0 

Brown Coal 0 

Oil 0 

Natural Gas 0 


Multifuels 0 

Hydro 638 






Total 1,382 

2008 2009-2010 

2008 2009-2010



TURKEy (tr) 

2008 2009-2010 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 405 


Oil 3 37 




Hydro 433 725 






Total 1,029 2,965 


Supply 


3.3 Electricity production 

table 3.3.1a Annual Electricity Production by Primary Energy (TWh) 

The tables below present the annual electricity production by primary energy in the 27 EU Member 

States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey between 1980 and 2008. Estimates for 2010, 2020 and 

2030 have also been included. Electricity production is expressed in TWh. 

EU-27 


collected through external sources such as governmental office websites, transmission system 

operators’ publications, etc. Alternatively, they may come from the EURELECTRIC Power Choices 

study, in which case they are taken from the report’s Baseline scenario (which is the similar to the 

Baseline 2009 as developed by the University of Athens for the European Commission). 



(e.g. coal, oil and natural gas for fossil fuels fired, or run-of-river and pumped for hydropower) 

might not always take into account all EU-27 countries. Nonetheless, the figures still provide some 

good hints on the latest development of generating capacity and on expected future developments. 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 195.9 746.9 898.3 887.1 892.9 899.4 967.6 1,185.0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 1,293.0 1,254.2 1,532.7 1,769.1 1,729.7 1,661.0 1,691.9 1,593.6 

of which multifuel 160.5 176.4 290.6 78.7 74.7 78.3 18.2 15.0 

Coal 570.9 637.8 562.3 582.8 528.6 519.3 473.0 389.3 

Brown Coal 207.0 239.7 312.6 327.5 316.8 301.8 257.2 184.3 

Oil 342.1 186.9 171.3 98.6 93.8 65.2 49.6 46.0 

Natural Gas 150.8 171.9 452.3 699.0 753.0 753.6 885.9 883.9 

Derived Gas 19.4 17.9 31.7 31.2 31.3 19.2 23.9 22.4 

Hydro 311.0 302.1 380.0 339.1 353.5 361.9 388.7 383.9 

Conventional Hydro 231.2 198.1 260.0 171.7 180.1 189.3 203.4 269.9 

of which Run of River 102.0 98.7 118.9 58.4 61.0 44.7 50.5 54.2 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 20.3 32.6 42.1 37.7 37.1 35.2 43.2 47.3 

Other Renewables 7.1 11.8 68.4 196.0 225.9 289.4 650.9 914.4 

Solar 0 0 0 3.7 7.3 20.8 66.0 86.7 

Geothermal 2.6 3.1 4.5 5.4 5.4 5.7 8.4 12.0 

Wind 0 0 27.6 102.2 117.7 150.2 407.6 598.8 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 21.8 61.5 68.0 79.5 125.0 156.7 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0.6 4.6 5.7 8.7 118.5 139.5 

Biogas 0 0.5 3.8 16.5 19.0 21.1 27.3 29.3 

Biomass 3.6 5.4 12.7 38.4 45.8 45.8 77.2 106.5 

Waste 0.3 2.0 13.7 26.6 31.0 40.3 51.7 63.2 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.6 0.8 1.8 0.3 0.2 5.0 12.4 18.6 

Not Specified 12.9 11.5 7.4 24.2 20.4 28.4 35.3 2.0 

Total 1,834.9 2,344.6 2,875.0 3,208.4 3,219.9 3,236.6 3,729.2 4,075.9 

Note: in the above table, “multifuel” refers to the ability of a generating unit of using more than one single fuel in producing electricity (and heat). 

The same applies to the tables below.

Supply 3.3 Electricity production 


AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 11.2 15.2 17.3 20.2 20.7 21.0 27.3 32.0 


Coal 0 3.7 5.9 9.0 9.5 9.5 5.8 

Brown Coal 2.4 2.3 1.8 0 0 0 0 

Oil 4.9 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 

Natural Gas 3.6 6.8 7.0 7.7 7.8 8.0 17.7 

Derived Gas 0.3 0.7 1.3 2.5 2.4 2.6 3.0 

Hydro 28.9 32.3 42.8 38.6 40.2 40.5 46.5 48.5 




Other Renewables 4.2 4.4 4.5 5.7 8.4 

Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Wind 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.7 4.7 

of which Wind Onshore 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.7 4.7 

of which Wind Offshore 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.7 4.7 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Waste 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.9 3.5 


Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 40.7 48.8 60.2 63.0 65.3 66.0 79.5 88.9 

* Multifuels are included in the corresponding monofuels. 

* Pumped & Mixed = storage power capacity. 

* Total Other Renewables are included in Conventional Thermal Total and Not Specified. 

* Hydro forecast data correspond to average productibility values. 

* Biogas, Biomass, Waste, Refuse Derived Fuel and MSW/Industrial are also partly included in Conventional Thermal and Not Specified. 




BELGIUM (be) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 11.9 42.7 48.2 48.2 45.6 45.6 45.6 61.2 



Coal 12.2 17.1 12.9 6.5 5.5 7.6 7.6 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 17.3 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0 

Natural Gas 5.6 5.4 15.9 25.4 24.6 29.0 48.0 

Derived Gas 2.9 2.8 3.0 1.9 1.7 0 0 

Hydro 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 




Other Renewables 0 0.7 2.0 4.0 4.9 5.7 9.6 23.1 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0.4 0.6 0.9 3.8 16.2 

of which Wind Onshore 1.3 0 

of which Wind Offshore 2.5 0 

Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0 

Biomass 0 0.1 0.8 1.8 2.6 2.8 3.0 6.6 

Waste 0 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 0 


Not Specified 0.3 0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 

Total 51.0 70.9 85.0 88.7 84.8 90.1 112.6 119.9 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 5.7 13.5 16.8 13.6 14.7 13.8 28.4 43.0 



Coal 7.4 6.8 2.0 4.1 5.5 4.6 4.5 0.4 

Brown Coal 9.4 11.2 12.3 14.5 14.8 17.7 19.4 24.8 

Oil 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 2.5 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.6 3.8 5.6 10.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.7 1.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 2.7 3.2 3.2 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 1.6 4.9 6.8 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.6 4.9 6.8 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.6 4.9 6.8 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 31.2 37.5 36.8 39.5 40.6 44.7 66.5 88.7



CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.8 5.0 4.7 0.5 0.7 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 8.1 10.8 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.8 1.8 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.5 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.7 1.1 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.7 1.1 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.8 5.0 5.4 9.4 13.3 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 11.8 12.7 24.6 26.6 25.9 25.9 35.0 



Coal 6.8 5.6 6.6 7.0 6.1 7.7 7.7 7.0 

Brown Coal 37.3 38.0 42.6 45.0 41.0 40.0 39.2 40.0 

Oil 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.2 0.2 1.7 0.7 5.0 1.8 2.0 2.0 

Derived Gas 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 

Hydro 2.4 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 1.5 1.5 4.0 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5 4.0 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 3.3 7.9 0 

Total 48.7 58.1 67.7 81.3 83.5 83.9 87.9 91.0 




GERMANy (de) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 41.0 139.0 160.7 133.2 140.7 140.0 121.0 59.1 


of which multifuel 42.8 35.9 39.2 36.5 36.0 35.0 

Coal 105.0 129.0 131.2 130.8 114.4 109.0 68.2 57.2 

Brown Coal 87.0 75.0 136.1 142.3 138.1 135.0 118.4 50.2 

Oil 25.0 9.0 5.4 8.6 8.3 9.0 0 0 

Natural Gas 59.0 34.0 47.0 73.4 84.0 82.0 18.7 34.5 

Derived Gas 8.9 11.0 11.5 11.0 12.8 14.8 

Hydro 18.0 21.0 29.0 27.6 26.1 25.6 32.6 32.4 


of which Run of River 16.0 18.0 21.3 


Other Renewables 0 0 14.3 68.4 74.6 85.4 182.9 223.5 

Solar 0 0 0 3.1 4.4 10.6 37.0 40.0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 3.0 

Wind 0 0 9.5 39.7 40.6 38.5 101.9 136.0 


of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 67.7 72.8 

Biogas 0 0 0.5 7.7 9.6 13.5 16.5 18.0 

Biomass 0 0 0.6 10.8 12.1 14.5 15.0 16.0 

Waste 0 0 3.7 7.1 7.9 8.0 10.5 10.5 


Not Specified 12.0 11.0 5.9 3.2 1.2 0 0 0 

Total 347.0 418.0 538.5 598.5 598.9 597.0 554.6 471.7 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 20.8 29.4 16.2 21.8 16.7 13.0 9.9 7.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 3.1 0.8 4.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Natural Gas 0 0.2 10.3 7.0 6.6 12.0 14.0 14.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 9.5 7.2 7.0 9.9 16.5 23.2 


of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 1.4 1.5 3.0 8.4 13.9 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 1.7 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 1.8 0 0 0 



Total 23.9 30.8 35.2 37.0 35.1 34.2 38.2 43.8



ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 8.5 0.6 0.7 10.4 12.3 12.4 


Coal 7.7 0 0 9.8 11.5 11.7 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 

Oil 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 

Derived Gas 0.1 0.2 0.3 

Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 

Conventional Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 

of which Run of River 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.8 3.1 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.3 2.2 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0.1 0.2 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 0.9 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 11.4 9.9 

Total 17.2 15.4 7.6 12.2 10.9 10.7 14.1 15.5 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.9 51.7 59.7 52.9 56.6 57.5 57.5 76.3 


of which multifuel 2.8 3.0 4.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 0 0 

Coal 22.3 45.9 62.0 57.8 38.9 29.2 26.1 15.3 

Brown Coal 7.4 10.9 13.5 13.0 7.8 0 0 0 

Oil 36.7 8.0 22.5 20.3 19.5 17.7 20.6 24.6 

Natural Gas 3.4 4.1 19.6 93.5 116.5 87.1 106.8 109.7 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 30.4 26.2 31.4 30.1 25.8 38.5 40.4 42.1 





Solar 0 0 0 0.5 2.5 8.1 17.1 23.6 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 4.7 27.6 31.9 41.5 74.6 110.6 



Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.6 

Biomass 0 0 0.2 1.5 1.9 1.7 2.9 4.2 

Waste 0 0 1.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.2 


Not Specified 

Total 105.1 146.8 215.1 300.2 304.4 284.7 350.2 411.3 




FINLAND (fi) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 6.6 18.1 21.6 22.5 22.1 22.0 47.4 56.4 



Coal 11.4 9.0 8.2 13.0 8.0 13.1 6.9 5.0 

Brown Coal 0.7 2.8 3.5 6.9 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.2 

Oil 4.2 1.6 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 

Natural Gas 1.7 4.4 8.4 10.2 10.9 10.5 10.5 10.5 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 10.1 10.8 14.5 14.0 16.9 12.4 13.9 14.4 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 4.5 7.5 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 


Biogas 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 

Biomass 3.4 4.4 8.0 9.1 9.5 10.3 12.1 12.3 

Waste 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 


Not Specified 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 2.9 1.5 

Total 38.7 51.6 67.3 77.8 74.5 75.8 104.8 114.3 

FRANCE (fr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 57.9 297.9 395.2 418.6 418.3 430.3 447.2 482.6 



Coal 59.6 29.3 25.8 23.5 21.5 17.7 12.2 7.6 

Brown Coal 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 45.2 7.2 7.9 3.8 4.3 1.8 1.1 1.9 

Natural Gas 5.9 2.8 10.9 19.8 19.9 8.9 15.2 24.1 

Derived Gas 7.6 4.6 3.4 1.3 1.4 

Hydro 69.8 57.2 71.0 63.2 68.0 70.7 73.9 60.5 

Conventional Hydro 68.7 53.2 66.2 60.5 

of which Run of River 42.1 31.8 36.5 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 1.1 4.0 4.8 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind 0 0 0.1 4.0 5.6 9.7 36.7 73.2 



Biogas 0 0 0 0.6 0.7 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 1.3 1.3 11.3 

Waste 0 0 1.9 1.7 1.8 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.2 4.9 11.2 15.3 

Not Specified 0 0 0 6.6 6.1 23.2 23.8 

Total 247.2 400.0 516.8 544.7 549.1 567.2 621.3 676.5




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 32.3 58.7 78.3 57.2 47.7 44.8 24.5 58.6 



Coal 203.9 209.1 114.7 129.6 129.4 126.8 108.2 69.6 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 22.7 20.5 5.9 4.2 4.1 3.2 1.0 0.2 

Natural Gas 0.3 2.0 145.0 162.4 161.1 176.8 227.2 223.9 

Derived Gas 2.0 2.0 4.2 2.6 2.2 0 0 0 

Hydro 5.1 7.1 7.7 8.9 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 





Solar 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0.9 5.3 7.1 12.2 52.4 68.5 



Biogas 0 0.5 2.3 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.4 6.0 

Biomass 0 0 0.5 2.9 2.8 3.8 25.5 29.4 

Waste 0 0.2 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.1 4.3 7.7 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 


Total 266.3 300.1 360.8 379.5 373.3 383.9 458.0 473.6 

GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 9.0 23.0 30.9 31.1 29.9 29.5 25.6 34.2 

Oil 8.9 7.1 8.7 8.2 8.5 6.5 2.5 2.6 

Natural Gas 5.6 13.2 13.3 12.4 23.7 29.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.4 2.0 4.1 3.2 3.3 5.4 4.6 4.5 


of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.5 0 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.1 1.0 2.7 


Wind 0 0 0.4 1.9 2.1 3.4 10.7 12.8 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.4 1.9 1.9 3.1 9.7 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 1.0 

Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 

Biomass 

Waste 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.4 


Total 21.3 32.1 49.9 57.9 57.5 57.9 68.6 86.8 




HUNGARy (hu) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 13.7 14.1 13.8 14.0 14.1 14.1 15.0 



Coal 0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.3 1.2 3.5 7.0 

Brown Coal 12.0 7.8 8.4 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.0 

Oil 5.9 1.0 4.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 5.9 4.8 7.1 13.5 15.0 11.4 15.7 19.5 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 

Wind 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.4 1.7 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.4 1.7 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 

Biomass 0 0 0 1.2 1.2 2.2 3.0 4.0 

Waste 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 



Total 23.9 28.5 35.2 37.1 37.4 36.1 44.5 54.1 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuel 0 1.8 2.6 0 

Coal 0.1 5.5 6.4 4.3 3.4 6.5 9.0 

Brown Coal 1.5 2.0 1.6 2.5 1.9 2.6 

Oil 5.3 1.5 4.4 1.2 0.3 0.7 1.2 

Natural Gas 2.0 3.5 8.9 16.4 17.3 24.5 16.0 


Hydro 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.7 

Conventional Hydro 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 


Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind 0 0 0.2 1.8 1.9 5.0 9.2 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.2 1.8 1.9 3.8 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 

Biogas 0 0 0.1 0 0 0.4 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0.7 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 


Total 10.0 13.5 22.7 27.4 27.2 25.4 40.9 37.8



ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 13.6 107.5 


of which multifuel 62.5 83.5 205.6 

Coal 12.5 28.8 23.9 40.1 39.2 48.9 59.5 53.7 

Brown Coal 1.2 0.9 0 0 0 

Oil 100.0 96.7 83.2 32.9 29.3 9.8 14.0 7.2 

Natural Gas 8.7 36.7 93.5 167.9 168.0 177.6 201.2 152.2 

Derived Gas 3.2 4.0 5.0 5.5 5.4 

Hydro 46.4 34.6 50.2 38.0 46.7 38.4 38.7 39.0 


of which Run of River 8.6 10.5 15.6 14.9 17.9 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 3.3 4.8 6.5 5.6 5.5 


Solar 0 0 0 0.0 0.2 1.7 6.0 12.8 

Geothermal 2.6 3.1 4.4 5.2 5.2 5.5 6.1 8.2 

Wind 0 0 0.6 4.0 4.9 6.1 18.5 30.6 


of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0.6 

Biogas 0 0 0.5 1.4 1.5 

Biomass 0 0.1 0.6 2.4 2.7 

Waste 0 0.1 0.7 2.9 3.0 13.0 15.8 23.8 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0.2 0.7 0 0 

Not Specified 0 0 0 1.1 1.0 

Total 176.7 205.2 263.3 301.3 307.1 301.0 373.4 435.0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 15.7 7.4 7.1 9.1 0 12.0 24.0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 10.3 4.7 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Natural Gas 0.3 5.5 1.4 2.5 2.3 9.4 10.7 6.7 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.9 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.4 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.4 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 



Total 11.0 26.3 10.0 10.9 12.7 10.8 25.3 33.7 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.2 0 0.4 2.9 2.1 3.0 3.8 4.2 

Derived Gas 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 

Conventional Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 




Solar 0 0 0 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 



Biogas 0 0 0 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.1 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.1 



Total 1.0 1.3 1.3 3.9 3.5 4.1 5.1 5.6 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7 1.7 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Natural Gas 0.7 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 3.3 3.0 


Hydro 3.0 4.5 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 




Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 1.1 1.9 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.3 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.6 

Biogas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 4.6 6.4 4.0 4.8 5.1 5.2 9.0 9.5



MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Oil 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.1 0.5 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.2 


Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 




Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 1.1 4.6 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0.05 1.4 


Wind 0 0 0 0 1.1 3.2 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.03 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 3.1 6.3 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.0 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 17.7 



Coal 7.0 25.1 29.2 22.4 21.4 21.2 38.8 33.6 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 23.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Natural Gas 23.7 37.2 48.0 63.7 65.4 63.6 65.3 86.6 

Derived Gas 2.0 1.9 3.2 3.8 3.8 3.8 6.2 6.2 

Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Conventional Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

of which Run of River 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 



Solar 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 

Geothermal 

Wind 0.8 3.4 4.3 5.2 14.7 14.7 

of which Wind Onshore 0.8 3.1 3.7 4.6 6.6 6.6 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0.3 0.6 0.6 8.1 8.1 

Biogas 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 

Biomass 0.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.5 

Waste 0.4 1.1 1.1 3.5 4.7 4.7 



Total 59.7 68.8 85.8 101.0 104.1 106.2 139.2 169.7 




POLAND (pl) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19.6 



Coal 86.1 71.2 82.3 90.6 84.4 77.2 79.8 88.3 

Brown Coal 21.9 48.2 45.9 47.4 49.6 47.1 28.0 16.7 

Oil 2.1 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 1.0 5.1 5.2 6.8 27.3 70.3 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.3 3.3 4.0 2.8 2.7 3.9 4.1 4.2 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0.0 0.5 0.8 2.3 14.9 21.3 



Biogas 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.4 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 


Total 113.4 123.1 133.2 146.8 143.2 137.8 155.2 221.8 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 1.0 2.0 0 0 0 

Coal 0.6 8.7 13.7 11.7 10.4 9.6 4.0 2.7 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 6.3 9.5 9.2 4.4 3.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 

Natural Gas 0 0 6.6 12.8 14.8 18.0 17.2 30.1 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 7.9 9.1 11.6 10.3 7.2 13.3 14.7 15.9 





Solar 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.2 4.2 4.6 

Geothermal 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Wind 0 0 0.2 4.0 5.7 8.0 16.9 19.3 



Biogas 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.5 

Waste 0 0 0.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.4 2.4 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 1.4 

Not Specified 0 0 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 

Total 14.8 27.3 42.2 46.0 44.6 55.0 66.6 82.2 

The figures refer to electricity + heat production.



ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 5.1 7.1 10.3 10.1 22.2 33.0 



Coal 7.1 4.1 4.1 4.8 4.8 2.1 2.4 5.7 

Brown Coal 13.1 14.6 13.8 18.8 19.8 18.0 12.4 7.8 

Oil 5.8 9.0 2.5 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.2 

Natural Gas 23.2 18.3 7.0 8.2 6.7 4.8 8.5 12.7 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 12.3 10.7 14.6 15.6 16.8 16.0 16.8 16.9 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 5.9 9.1 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.5 5.7 8.1 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.5 5.7 8.1 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.2 1.0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 61.5 56.7 47.1 56.4 59.8 52.8 68.4 85.5 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 25.3 65.2 54.8 64.3 61.3 71.9 75.4 52.9 



Coal 0.2 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0.1 0 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 

Oil 9.3 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 

Natural Gas 0 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 

Derived Gas 0 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Hydro 58.1 71.4 77.8 65.7 68.7 67.0 68.4 69.7 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0.5 1.4 2.0 3.1 15.0 20.0 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0.2 0.8 1.8 4.7 5.0 5.2 6.5 9.0 

Waste 0.3 0.9 2.3 3.6 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.5 


Not Specified 

Total 93.4 141.7 141.7 144.7 146.4 156.2 174.5 161.2 




SLOVENIA (si) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 4.4 4.8 5.7 6.3 5.6 5.8 13.6 



Coal 3.7 3.9 4.6 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.2 3.8 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.6 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.2 2.8 3.8 3.3 4.0 4.7 6.4 8.0 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 1.3 1.8 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 

Wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 0.4 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 7.0 11.2 13.6 15.0 16.4 16.8 21.2 29.8 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.2 11.2 15.2 14.1 15.4 13.5 22.7 29.5 



Coal 4.2 3.6 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 

Brown Coal 3.5 2.5 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.9 0.9 0.4 

Oil 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 3.9 2.1 3.2 2.2 2.5 3.0 3.9 6.7 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 2.3 2.5 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.6 5.2 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.6 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.1 2.1 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 



Total 18.6 22.5 28.7 25.6 27.1 25.5 37.1 48.4




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 13.7 22.3 24.9 26.3 26.1 24.4 21.4 28.0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0.7 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.6 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.6 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 33.5 30.7 37.9 36.4 37.6 37.2 42.2 43.2 




Other Renewables 0.4 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.5 2.6 3.8 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.6 1.0 


Wind 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.6 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.6 


Biogas 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0.3 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Not Specified 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 48.2 54.1 65.3 65.9 67.0 65.5 69.4 78.6 

NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0 0 1.4 1.1 4.7 10.5 15.5 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 4.7 10.5 15.5 


Hydro 83.1 120.3 141.1 135.0 140.6 121.5 122.7 125.5 

Conventional Hydro 82.4 118.8 139.6 120.0 121.2 123.3 


Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.2 

Other Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.9 3.1 5.1 8.0 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind 0 0 0.0 0.9 0.9 3.0 5.0 7.9 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.0 0.9 3.0 4.3 6.5 

of which Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0.7 1.4 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 


Not Specified 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Total 83.2 120.8 141.8 137.4 142.7 129.6 138.7 149.3 




TURKEy (tr) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuel 0 2.2 16.1 19.6 20.2 21.4 

Coal 0.9 0.6 3.1 13.2 14.0 14.6 

Brown Coal 5.0 19.6 34.4 32.4 38.3 41.8 

Oil 5.9 3.9 9.3 4.3 6.5 7.5 

Natural Gas 0 10.2 46.2 80.7 95.0 98.7 

Derived Gas 0 0 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 

Hydro 11.4 23.1 30.9 44.3 35.9 33.3 

Conventional Hydro 11.4 23.1 30.9 44.3 35.9 33.3 




Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Wind 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 0.8 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Not Specified 

Total 23.3 57.5 124.9 176.3 191.6 198.4


table 3.3.1b Annual Electricity Production by Technology (TWh) 

The tables below show the annual electricity production from a different perspective, i.e. by technology. 

Data are shown in TWh and include both historical data and forecasts for each of the EU 27 Member 

States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 8.4 10.4 2.4 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 20.2 20.7 21.0 27.3 32.0 



Hydro 28.9 32.3 42.8 38.6 40.2 40.5 46.5 48.5 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 4.2 4.4 4.5 5.7 8.3 


Not Specified 3.4 6.1 15.0 

Total 40.7 48.8 60.2 62.9 65.3 66.0 79.5 88.9 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 11.9 40.5 45.7 45.9 43.3 44.9 31.1 


Gas Turbine Units 0.6 0.7 1.7 

Combined Cycle Units 13.3 21.9 34.9 

Internal Combustion Units 0.5 0.9 0.9 

Hydro 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0.4 0 1.3 2.1 


Not Specified 38.3 25.3 0 0 0 

Total 51.0 67.1 80.1 87.8 89.1 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 5.7 13.5 16.8 13.6 14.7 13.8 28.4 43.0 

Steam Thermal Units 21.7 22.2 17.1 22.4 22.5 26.6 28.8 29.7 


Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 6 


Hydro 3.7 1.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 2.7 3.2 3.2 




Total 31.2 37.5 36.8 39.5 40.6 44.7 66.5 88.7 

CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 1.0 2.0 3.3 4.7 4.7 1.4 1.8 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0.3 7.2 9.7 

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.1 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 


Total 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.8 5.1 8.6 11.5 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 11.8 12.7 24.6 26.6 25.9 25.9 35.0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 2.7 0 1.0 1.0 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 4.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 


Hydro 2.4 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 


New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 

Not Specified 2.2 1.3 2.5 0 0 3.3 3.5 6.0 

Total 48.7 58.1 67.7 81.3 83.5 83.9 87.9 91.0 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 41.0 139.0 160.7 133.2 140.7 140.0 121.0 59.1 

Steam Thermal Units 293.0 324.0 308.0 305.0 214.0 132.0 

Gas Turbine Units 6.0 8.5 8.5 8.5 9.5 15.0 

Combined Cycle Units 37.0 56.5 64.7 67.0 35.0 52.0 

Internal Combustion Units 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 

Hydro 18.0 21.0 29.0 27.6 26.1 25.6 32.6 32.4 

Non-fuel Renewables 9.5 42.8 45.0 49.1 140.9 179.0 


Not Specified 2.9 5.0 5.0 0.8 0.3 0.6 

Total 347.0 418.0 538.5 598.5 598.9 597.0 554.6 471.7 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0.4 4.5 7.2 6.9 9.9 14.2 20.6 



Total 23.9 30.8 35.2 37.0 36.5 37.9 41.1 44.6 

ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0.4 



Hydro 0 0 0.1 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.2 


Not Specified 0 0 0.2 

Total 7.6 11.4 10.6



SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.9 51.7 59.7 52.9 56.6 57.5 57.5 76.3 


Gas Turbine Units 0 3.00 1.50 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.7 


Internal Combustion Units 0.9 4.6 7.0 11.9 12.0 10.3 13.4 16.9 

Hydro 30.4 26.2 31.4 30.1 25.8 38.5 40.4 42.1 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 6.3 32.7 39.4 54.6 98.8 143.2 


Not Specified 

Total 105.1 146.8 215.1 300.2 304.4 284.7 350.2 411.3 

FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 6.6 18.1 21.6 22.5 22.1 22.0 47.4 56.4 

Steam Thermal Units 




Hydro 10.1 10.8 14.5 14.0 16.9 12.4 13.9 14.4 



0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 4.5 7.5 

Not Specified 22.0 22.7 31.2 41.1 35.2 41.1 39.0 36.0 

Total 38.7 51.6 67.3 77.8 74.5 75.8 104.8 114.3 

FRANCE (fr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 57.9 297.9 395.2 418.6 418.3 430.3 447.2 





8.9 15.2 

Hydro 69.8 57.2 71.0 63.2 68.0 70.7 73.9 



0.6 0.6 0.7 14.6 47.9 

Not Specified 0 44.3 49.9 42.7 37.1 

Total 247.2 400.0 516.8 551.1 555.4 567.2 621.3 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 32.3 58.7 78.3 57.2 47.7 44.8 24.5 58.6 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 6.5 6.4 6.5 5.0 4.6 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0.3 126.4 118.8 116.7 130.9 193.1 182.9 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0.5 2.3 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.4 6.0 

Hydro 5.1 7.1 7.7 8.9 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 




Total 266.3 300.1 360.8 379.5 373.3 383.9 458.0 473.6 




GREECE (gr) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 16.6 28.5 38.6 33.5 32.6 33.6 26.4 

Gas Turbine Units 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.2 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 4.1 11.9 11.8 11.4 23.1 

Internal Combustion Units 0.5 1.0 2.1 6.6 6.9 3.0 2.0 

Hydro 3.4 2.0 4.1 3.2 3.3 5.4 4.6 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.4 1.9 2.1 4.1 12.3 



Total 21.3 32.1 49.9 57.9 57.5 57.9 68.6 

HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 13.7 14.1 13.8 14.0 14.1 14.1 15.0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 2.6 7.5 5.3 6.2 12.6 18.7 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.8 

Hydro 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 




Total 23.9 28.5 35.2 37.1 37.4 36.1 44.5 54.1 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 8.1 11.6 16.6 8.6 7.7 6.4 10.3 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.1 

Combined Cycle Units 0.8 0.8 3.8 15.0 14.0 16.1 22.8 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.4 

Hydro 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.2 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.2 1.8 2.3 1.9 5.0 


Not Specified 0 0 0.6 0 0 0.1 1.1 

Total 10.0 13.5 22.7 27.2 25.3 25.4 40.9 

ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 2.1 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 124.5 163.6 145.5 68.9 65.9 

Gas Turbine Units 1.0 2.4 16.7 6.4 5.8 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0.7 42.8 173.5 172.8 

Internal Combustion Units 0.1 0.6 2.4 4.3 4.7 

Hydro 46.4 34.6 50.2 38.0 46.7 

Non-fuel Renewables 2.6 3.3 5.7 9.3 10.2 


Not Specified 0 0 0 1.0 0.9 

Total 176.7 205.2 263.3 301.3 307.1




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 15.7 7.4 7.1 9.1 0 12.0 24.0 



Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0 5.0 


Hydro 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.9 




Total 11.0 26.3 10.0 10.8 12.7 10.8 25.3 33.7 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0.7 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 



Hydro 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 




Total 1.0 1.3 1.3 4.0 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.6 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 




Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Hydro 3.0 4.5 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.3 



Total 4.6 6.4 4.0 4.8 5.1 5.2 9.0 9.5 

MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0.1 0.1 



Hydro 0 0 0 




Total 1.9 2.3 2.3 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.0 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 17.7 


Gas Turbine Units 1.0 1.0 6.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.6 6.3 

Combined Cycle Units 17.0 44.0 36.1 39.1 38.8 39.1 55.2 65.1 


Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 1.0 1.7 6.6 8.9 12.9 24.2 25.2 



Total 59.7 68.8 85.8 101.0 104.1 106.2 139.2 169.7 

POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19.6 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2 0 



Hydro 3.3 3.3 4.0 2.8 2.7 3.9 4.1 4.2 




Total 113.4 123.1 133.2 146.8 143.2 135.3 155.2 221.8 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0.1 0 0 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.3 



Hydro 7.9 9.1 11.6 10.3 7.2 13.3 14.7 15.9 




Total 14.8 27.3 42.2 46.0 44.6 55.0 66.6 82.2 

ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 5.1 7.1 10.3 10.1 22.2 33.0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.4 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 4.9 11.0 


Hydro 12.3 10.7 14.6 15.6 16.8 16.0 16.8 16.9 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 5.7 8.1 



Total 61.5 56.7 47.1 56.4 59.8 52.8 68.4 85.5



SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 25.3 65.2 54.8 64.3 61.3 71.9 75.4 52.9 


Gas Turbine Units 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 2.7 2.8 2.8 


Hydro 58.1 71.4 77.8 65.7 68.7 67.0 68.4 69.7 




Total 93.4 141.7 141.7 145.0 146.4 156.2 174.5 161.2 

SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0.0 4.4 4.8 5.7 6.3 5.6 5.8 13.6 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 


Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.2 2.8 3.8 3.3 4.0 4.3 5.1 6.2 




Total 7.0 11.2 13.6 15.0 16.4 16.2 18.7 26.3 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.2 11.2 15.2 14.1 15.4 13.5 22.7 29.5 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 



Hydro 2.3 2.5 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.6 5.2 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.8 



Total 18.6 22.5 28.7 25.6 27.1 25.5 37.1 48.4 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 13.7 22.3 24.9 26.3 26.1 24.4 21.4 28.0 



Combined Cycle Units 0 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.6 

Internal Combustion Units 1.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.7 

Hydro 33.5 30.7 37.9 36.4 37.6 37.2 42.2 43.2 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 


Not Specified 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 

Total 48.2 54.1 65.3 65.9 67.0 65.5 69.5 78.6 




NORWAy (no) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 2.9 8.8 13.8 


Hydro 83.1 120.3 141.1 135.0 140.6 121.5 122.7 125.5 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 3.0 5.0 7.9 


Not Specified 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Total 83.2 120.8 141.8 137.4 129.6 138.7 149.3 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 




Internal Combustion Units 1.3 4.4 5.0 

Hydro 11.4 23.1 30.9 35.9 33.3 

Non-fuel Renewables 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.0 


Not Specified 11.9 34.3 0.2 0.3 

Total 23.3 57.5 124.9 191.6 198.4


table 3.3.2 CHP production – Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) 

The tables below give information on the electricity produced in cogeneration plants in the 

27 EU Member States, plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey. Production is expressed in TWh, and 

differentiated by primary energy. The table present both historical data (between 1980 and 2008) 

and estimates for 2010, 2020 and 2030. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 

Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Renewables 

Other Non-Renewables 

Total 3.4 6.1 14.5 16.4 17.5 17.5 

Note: CHP multifuels are included in CHP Electricity Production. 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 2.5 2.5 2.5 

Coal 0 0 0 

Oil 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Natural Gas 4.2 6.6 9.4 

Renewables 0 0.3 0.4 


Total 1.5 6.8 9.5 12.4 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.9 1.0 0.2 0.2 

Oil 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 2.5 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.6 2.0 3.0 3.0 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 5.8 4.8 3.4 4.5 5.0 3.5 3.7 3.7 

CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 

Total 0 0 0 0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 11.0 15.0 17.0 17.6 7.7 17.0 17.0 17.0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 11.0 15.0 17.0 17.6 8.7 19.0 20.0 20.0 




Multifuels 

GERMANy (de) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 20.0 20.0 20.5 

Oil 2.5 2.0 2.0 

Natural Gas 50.9 55.1 55.5 

Renewables 6.0 6.5 7.0 

Other Non-Renewables 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Total 38.0 60.0 64.5 80.4 84.6 86.0 115.0 125.0 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 11.7 10.0 8.0 

Oil 4.0 4.0 4.0 

Natural Gas 10.3 12.0 14.0 



Total 11.6 14.2 26.0 26.0 26.0 

ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 



Other Non-Renewables 0.5 0 0 

Total 1.2 1.9 1.9 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Oil 0 2.3 7.1 7.0 6.2 6.7 7.2 7.7 

Natural Gas 0.6 1.1 18.1 26.1 26.8 29.6 33.9 38.2 

Renewables 


Total 0.6 3.7 25.8 33.4 33.2 36.5 41.3 46.2 

FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 4.0 4.4 4.0 4 1.5 2.0 

Oil 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 8.0 9.6 10.5 10.2 12.9 10.5 

Renewables 8.8 8.4 8.3 8.8 11.6 12.3 

Other Non-Renewables 2.5 4.1 3.6 3.8 5.1 5.2 

Total 10.8 16.1 24.5 26.8 26.5 27.5 31.6 30.5



FRANCE (fr) 

Multifuels 0 

Coal 0.7 

Oil 0.7 

Natural Gas 8.6 

Renewables 2.9 

Other Non-Renewables 1.4 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total 14.3 21.9 21.6 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 2.9 2.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 

Oil 4.1 3.9 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 

Natural Gas 0.2 1.3 19.0 21.6 21.5 31.4 46.1 57.7 

Renewables 0 0 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.2 4.3 8.0 

Other Non-Renewables 1.8 2.8 3.7 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.2 

Total 9.0 10.3 25.3 27.9 27.9 38.3 56.4 71.7 

GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Coal 0 0 0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 

Oil 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 

Natural Gas 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 0.6 0.8 0.8 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 

HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 1.0 7.2 7.0 8.1 6.5 5.7 

Renewables 0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 


Total 2.3 2.0 2.5 7.9 7.4 8.5 7.0 6.5 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.4 1.3 1.2 0.8 2.3 


Other Non-Renewables 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 

Total 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.8 2.4 




Multifuels 

ITALy (it) 

Coal 0 0.2 0.5 

Oil 14.3 7.7 14.7 


Renewables 0 0.2 1.7 

Other Non-Renewables 3.4 1.2 2.7 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total 19.7 15.8 57.9 104.5 100.0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 1.1 2.5 1.1 1.2 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 1.30 3.00 1.4 1.6 1.8 3.1 3.6 3.7 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0.4 2.9 2.1 3.0 3.8 4.2 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 0 0 0.4 2.9 2.1 3.0 3.8 4.2 

Multifuels 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.8 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.7 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 


Total 1.6 1.9 1.2 1.9 1.9 2.1 3.2 3.4 

MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 




Total 0 0 0




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 

Coal 4.8 6.5 8.0 7.1 8.0 8.0 8.0 

Oil 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Natural Gas 19.3 41.5 47.3 51.0 50.4 71.8 73.9 

Renewables 0 0 1.0 1.4 1.5 2.0 2.4 

Other Non-Renewables 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Total 16.0 24.1 49.0 57.9 61.0 64.0 83.4 85.8 

POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 26.9 26.0 27.5 27.5 25.1 26.5 18.8 15.6 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 1.3 5.2 4.9 5.0 9.8 12.4 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 26.9 26.0 28.8 32.7 30.0 31.5 28.6 28.0 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1.2 1.6 3.7 1.8 1.5 1.1 0.6 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0.7 2.4 2.2 5.0 7.9 8.9 

Renewables 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.9 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 

Total 1.2 1.6 4.9 6.0 5.6 7.6 10.6 10.8 

ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 

Coal 1.5 5.3 2.8 5.4 5.7 4.4 4.4 3.9 

Oil 1.7 4.7 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 

Natural Gas 6.8 9.5 5.1 5.3 4.8 4.0 7.1 8.8 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 


Total 10.0 19.5 9.7 11.6 11.3 9.0 11.9 13.9 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0.2 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0 0 

Oil 8.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 

Natural Gas 0 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 

Renewables 0.6 1.7 3.8 7.7 7.7 9.9 11.5 14.5 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0.6 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Total 9.1 4.8 8.5 12.1 11.0 14.1 15.6 18.6 




SLOVENIA (si) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0.2 0.3 4.0 4.8 4.7 5.1 5.6 4.0 

Oil 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 1 2.5 2.9 

Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 

Total 0.2 0.3 4.4 5.3 5.5 5.7 8.2 7.0 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.5 

Oil 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 0.9 1.3 2.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 3.0 

Renewables 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0 1.1 2.1 


Total 3.2 3.8 5.0 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.5 8.1 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.6 

Renewables 0.2 1.6 1.2 1.4 2.2 3.0 


Total 0.2 3.2 3.2 3.8 5.4 6.6 

NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 1.7 1.7 1.7 

Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 


Total 0.1 0.4 0.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Coal 0.4 0.4 0.3 

Oil 0.9 1.5 0.5 


Renewables 0 


Total 0 0 5.0 8.8 8.3

Supply 

3.4 Comments 

AUSTRIA (at) 

The expansion of power generation in the upcoming years as well as the time of completion of new power 

plants highly depends on the administrative procedure of applying the criteria of the environmental 

impact assessments (UVP) legislation. 

The estimates provided in this paper about future developments are based on currently published 

information about investment projects provided by member companies and on energy forecasts of the 

Austrian Institute of Economic Research. 

The emphasis of future investment in the upcoming years in Austria’s electricity generation is placed in 

the expansion of renewable energies. In terms of the implementation of the EU directive for increasing 

the share of renewable energy sources, an Austrian-wide promotion system for “green” electricity and 

combined heat and power plants was created in 2002 to raise the share of renewable energy sources 

in the generation mix of electricity. The Austrian Green Electricity Act 2008 plans the development of 

700 MW each for water and wind power and 100 MW for biomass by the year 2015. Investment in 

thermal power plants (especially gas) is also planned to go along with increases in electricity demand. 

GERMANy (de) 


Data for “Steam Turbine Units”, “Gas Turbine Units”, “Combined Cycle Units”, “Internal Combustion 

Units” and “Not specified Technology” in tables 3.1b and 3.3.1b are rough estimates. 

The total net capacity of autoproducers (industry) was 10.5 GW in 2009. Additional demand will be 

covered by the public utilities and private suppliers. Since 2000 the capacity of the German railway is 

included in the public supply. 

The net production of industrial autoproducers in 2009 amounts to 45.2 TWh or 8.1% of the total net 

production whereas 26.7 TWh was delivered to the public grid. 

The feed-in of private suppliers – predominantly wind power followed by biomass – amounts to 67.3 TWh 

in 2009 meaning a share of 12.0% of total net production. The quota for renewables in total added up to 

more than 16% in 2009. 

The industrial consumption in 2009 was covered for 92% from the public grid. In some energy-intensive 

industries such as the chemical industry, petroleum industry and mining, the manufacturing of paper or 

metal production and the share of autoproduction is higher. Particularly in coal mining areas a closer 

relationship exists between public utilities and industrial autoproducers. 

LEGAL FACTS 

On 1 January 2009, incentive regulation for grid operators started in Germany. The regulation scheme 

contains a revenue-cap with two periods each lasting 5 years. Afterwards, a yardstick competition 

scheme shall be implemented. Efficiency for grid operators was measured with a dual benchmarking, 

whereof the better efficiency value is used. Smaller companies with less than 30,000 customers had 

the opportunity to choose a simplified treatment, which allows them not to be part of the benchmarking. 

In return, they accept a fixed rate of 87.5% for efficiency in the first period and the average efficiency 

as a result of the benchmarking for the second period. 

The Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG)) became effective in March 

2000. The increase of the share produced by renewable energies is the declared aim of the EEG. Apart 

from changes in the guaranteed fees for each kWh produced, the main improvements of the last 

amendment concern the opportunities for a better integration of renewables into the market either by 

direct marketing or additional incentives for delivering electricity into the market instead of utilising 

the guaranteed fee. Additionally, since January 1 st , 2010, all fed-in amounts of renewable energy into 

the grid due to the EEG has to be sold at the wholesale market (EPEX Spot). This is accomplished by 

the TSOs, the legal foundation constitutes the Ausgleichsmechanismusverordnung (AusglMechVO). In 

the last amendment of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG)) coming 

into effect on August 11 th , 2010 the feed-in tariffs for photovoltaics for new installations since July 1 st , 

2010 were decreased to slow down the costs induced by this technology. This led to the strong raise 

of installed capacities in 2009 and the first half-year 2010. At mid-year 2010, more than 12,000 MW of 

photovoltaics were installed in Germany representing more than 40% of PV capacities worldwide. 


Supply 3.4 Comments 


In June 2001 an agreement between the government and the utilities concerning the phasing out of 

nuclear energy was made. For each nuclear power station a certain amount for the remaining electricity 

production was fixed. Furthermore, the reprocessing of nuclear fuels will be forbidden and the removal 

of nuclear waste will be restricted to direct permanent waste disposal. In 2003, the nuclear power plant 

in Stade was decomissioned followed by the nuclear power plant in Obrigheim in May 2005. At present, 

the federal government proposed a lifetime extension of nuclear power plants for 12 years in average 

(plants constructed before 1980: 8 years, others: 14 years). 

CHP stations make substantial contributions to the reduction of CO 2 -Emissions because of their high 

degree of efficiency. In order to encourage this technology, the law for modernisation and extension of 

CHP generation (KWKG) guarantees an additional fee on each kWh produced. 

SPAIN (es) 

Table 3.1.: in Spain there is not central planning for the expansion of the generation equipment. Therefore, 

data of this table should be seen as a possible view of the future made on the basis of the present trends 

and the expert’s judgement. 

Up to the year 2020, the new generation is based mainly on CCGTs and wind farms. 

To define the future capacity needs, it has been considered the technical life of 60 years for nuclear plants, 

40 years for the coal plants and 35 years for rest of the thermal plants. It has been taken into account 

the constraints set up by National Plant for Emissions Reduction. Referring to new power technologies, 

the assumption has been made that the Carbon Capture and Storage will be commercially available in 

the 2020 decade. 

FINLAND (fi) 

The supply side prognosis takes into account Finnish Energy Industries vision for power generation and 

district heat production in 2050 and earlier work carried out by Pöyry for Finnish Energy Industries. 

Finnish Energy Industries vision Turning challenges into opportunities – a carbon neutral vision for 

electricity and district heat for 2050 aims for carbon-neutral production of electricity and district heat 

that supports economic growth with a target year of 2050. 

The prognosis is based on assumed power plant investments, not on investment plans of individual 

companies. Future energy policy, e.g. support schemes and possible licences for nuclear power plants 

will have a great influence on investments as well as development of Finnish economy and industry 

(forest industry is a major power producer in Finland). Also emissions trading and future price level 

of emission allowances may play a big role. For these reasons, the supply side prognosis should be 

understood approximately only. 

The prognosis is based on the assumption that a sixth nuclear power plant of 1,600 MW will be built and 

operational in 2020. A realisation of a sixth power plant requires the Government’s and the Parliament’s 

approval. Three applications have been left for the Government. 

The usage of wood and other biofuels are assumed to increase considerably in CHP production. Wind 

power production is assumed to develop considerably, based on the increasing competitiveness of wind 

energy, and feed-in system that is currently being developed by the government. 

The main fuel defines the fuel category in the capacity tables. Especially in CHP plants the division 

is not always clear, because many CHP plants use peat, industrial wood residues, forest fuel and 

waste together. Therefore, the capacity using renewable fuels is classified under the category biomass. 

The power plants under the category brown coal are primarily using peat. 

Capacity balance in 2008 is based on real peak demand and Fingrid’s (Transmission System Operator) 

information about available capacity and technical reserve capacity. Future estimations are based on 

current situation and on the assumptions of new generation capacity. 

Net transfer capacity to Finland is the capacity, which is in the use of the electricity market. However, it is 

not guaranteed that during the Finnish peak demand there will be free production and transfer capacity 

in the neighbouring countries.



The electricity market in Lithuania was dominated by the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, with the output 

from one unit being sufficient to support almost all the domestic electricity demand. 

Throughout 2009 the power generation structure remained unchanged. About 70.9% of total output 

was generated in the Ignalina NPP, 17.2% in the thermal power plants, 7.3% in the renewable power 

plants and 4.7% by Kruonis PSPP. 


The national production covers about 53% of the consumption, but part of it is first exported and then 

re-imported again. Only about 14% of the consumption in the public grid is produced and consumed 

directly in Luxembourg. By that, the major part of electricity is imported from Germany for the public grid 

and from Belgium for the industrial grid. 

To reduce the import dependency, small and medium CHP plants and renewable energy plants where 

built in the last years. 

A larger pumped storage plant in Luxembourg is connected to the grid of RWE by dedicated lines and 

operated by it. 

LATVIA (lv) 

In Latvia, domestic generation capacities secure 50% - 70% of the country’s total electricity demand. 

Hydroelectric power plants provide 30% - 60% of this demand. 

The existing CHP plants operate according to the heat production schedule. Electricity generated in 

the condensation mode is more expensive than the electricity imported from neighbouring Estonia, 

Lithuania and Russia. 

The installed capacity of Riga CHP-1 is 144 MWe. The reconstructed Riga CHP-2 was commissioned in 

2008. Reconstruction of CHP-2 means maintaining the capacities of heat and considerably increasing 

the capacities of generated electricity. It will make possible substantial decrease of CO 2 emissions per 

produced energy unit. Electricity import provides 30% - 50% of the national consumption. Total maximum 

capacity of wind power plants in 2008 was 28 MW and the capacity of electricity production from landfill 

gas reached up to 9 MW. 

As prognoses show electricity deficit in the Baltic market in the coming years, the possibilities of 

building a new power plant are considered now 

POLAND (pl) 

The result of Polish negotiations connected with accession to EU in Energy Area gave some derogation 

for our generation units for preparation to the new emission standards (The EU Environmental 

Directive 2001/80/EC). 

After the year 2015 a decrease of capacity and energy production based on brown coal is expected, and 

an increase of technologies based on natural gas (most in CHP’s and distributed generation) or renewable 

technologies. In the same time capacity in hard coal plant will be replaced by new high efficient units. 

Untill the year 2020 production from hard coal plants will be at a similar level as in the statistical years. 

After the year 2020 when the production from brown coal will decrease to the half of statistical value 

it is expected production increase in hard coal plants and in gas fired units. 

Nuclear power technologies are expected to be introduced after the year 2025. 

For the whole forecast period (2010-2030) the emissions (a specially CO 2 emission) will be reduced. 




Forecast data for the years 2010 and 2020 were taken from PSE Operator SA “Development Program 

for Domestic Transmission System – Expected scenario” prepared in the middle of the year 2009. 

The structure of capacity, production fuel use and emission for year 2030 are expert estimation, 

based on trends and preliminary information, obtained from generation subsector. 

On the other hand an improvement of electric energy efficiency, increasing its productivity, and 

reducing energy consumption in all sectors of the economy is still actual and very important target 

for national economy. 

It is expected that some of the new capacity coal fired units will be equipped with CCS installation, but 

not earlier than after year 2025 when the technical and economical technologies will be attainable 

on the market. 

Renewable energy 

On 10 th November 2009 the Council of Ministers adopted Energy Policy of Poland until 2030. 

The document prepared in the Ministry of Economy includes a long-term strategy for the energy sector, 

forecasts for fuel and energy demand and a program of implementation activities. 

The Policy focuses to a great extent on the development of renewable energy. The most important 

undertaking within this area will be developing a path towards achieving the goals included in the 

climate package, including a division into individual types of RES and the related technologies. 

The document sets the following goals: 15% share of RES in the final energy consumption in 2020 and 

10% share of biofuels in the transport fuel market in 2020. Poland will also be aiming to a greater use of 

second generation biofuels. 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

In the coming years, there are no expected major problems in meeting the forecasted demand, although 

in a system like the Portuguese, with an increasing penetration of intermittent primary energy sources 

like wind, the normal operation will rely more and more on operational reserve adequacy. This reserve 

is mainly provided by hydro plants, which are a significant component of the installed capacity. 

On the other hand, the ratios of the hydroelectric generation between dry/average/wet hydro conditions 

are approximately 0.5/1.0/1.5. This hydrological variability results in strong variations of the annual 

thermal generation and, therefore, the fuel consumption and the atmospheric emissions. 

Concerning the hydro conditions, 2008 was a very dry year. The hydro power generation had a decrease 

of 30% over the previous year (dry year). Electricity output from generation units operating under special 

regime conditions pursued its increasing trend, mainly due to the commissioning of 623 MW in new wind 

farms that raised the total wind installed capacity in the whole country to 2,757 MW. 

In the Mainland Portugal and also in 2008, the Conventional Regime Generation (PRO) represented 

72% of the domestic generation. The Special Regime Generation (PRE) represented 28% against 

24% in 2007. 

TURKEy (tr) 

Up to now, the long term generation expansion planning studies have been carrying out by means 

of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) computer models in Turkey. Since, the electricity 

market liberalization process has started in Turkey, the generation planning study had not been revised. 

Because of this reason the electricity supply figures can not be given for the future years.

Balances 

4.1 Total Energy Use 

table 4.1.1 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) 

The tables below present the evolution of the total energy use in any given EU Member State plus 

Switzerland, Norway and Turkey. Gathered data shows both historical information (between 1980 

and 2008) and forecasts (for 2020 and 2030). 

AUSTRIA (at) 

The tables present the primary energy for energy uses as well as consumption and losses in the energy 

sector, i.e. the final energy consumption of the energy sector as a whole (also broken down by sector). 

As far as the power sector is concerned, the tables show the primary energy used in power generation 

(with the breakdown for primary electricity and thermal power). 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 23.7 25.1 29.2 34.0 34.1 34.0 35.2 35.7 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses 21.4 22.9 26.6 31.1 31.4 31.2 32.5 33.3 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricity Generation 5.5 6.8 7.7 8.8 9.0 9.1 9.5 10.0 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4.7 4.6 4.0 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.7 6.0 

6. Final Energy Consumption 16.8 18.3 22.6 25.8 26.0 25.9 26.9 27.2 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 

6.b Industry 5.4 5.2 6.1 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.7 7.8 

6.c Transport 4.0 5.0 7.1 9.0 8.8 8.8 9.1 9.2 

6.d Services 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 

6.e Households 5.0 5.8 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.8 

Primary Electricity forecast data corresponds to average producibility values of hydropower stations- 

Households = Households + Agriculture + Services + Trade. 


Balances 4.1 Total Energy Use 


BELGIUM (be) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 49.3 51.6 59.0 63.3 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 6.3 7.2 5.7 5.4 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses 43.0 44.4 53.3 57.9 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricity Generation 11.4 14.9 13.2 13.7 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 2.3 8.7 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 9.1 6.2 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 11.2 13.9 15.6 17.2 

6. Final Energy Consumption 31.8 30.5 37.7 40.7 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.3 

6.b Industry 12.8 11.3 13.9 14.9 

6.c Transport 5.9 7.7 9.6 10.8 

6.d Services 3.0 2.9 3.9 4.5 

6.e Households 9.6 8.1 9.2 9.2 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.8 1.3 1.7 0.3 0.7 1.5 2.8 3.3 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 11.0 5.4 4.3 11.2 11.8 6.7 5.8 4.7 



of which 6.a Agriculture 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 

6.b Industry 11.8 4.8 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.9 

6.c Transport 1.7 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.3 4.1 4.2 

6.d Services 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.2 1.4 

6.e Households 3.5 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.3 3.0 4.0 

CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 1.6 2.4 3.7 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0.1 0.3 0.5 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses 1.5 2.1 3.2 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricity Generation 0.6 1.0 1.2 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0 0 0 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 0.6 1.0 1.3 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 0.4 0.4 1.2 

6. Final Energy Consumption 1.1 1.7 2.4 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0 0 0 

6.b Industry 0.2 0.3 0.4 

6.c Transport 0.5 0.8 0.8 

6.d Services 0.2 0.3 0.7 

6.e Households 0.2 0.3 0.5




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0 0 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 








6.b Industry 16.6 15.4 11.6 12.5 12.7 13.1 13.1 13.0 

6.c Transport 1.5 1.4 3.6 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.3 

6.d Services 5.0 4.7 2.6 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.3 

6.e Households 7.0 7.9 5.6 6.4 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.3 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 61.9 69.9 57.8 63.3 60.4 60.0 54.0 48.0 

6.c Transport 40.0 55.8 65.7 62.1 61.3 61.0 58.0 51.0 

6.d Services 27.4 37.9 32.3 28.1 31.5 31.0 24.0 20.0 

6.e Households 48.4 55.8 61.7 54.0 61.1 61.0 53.0 46.0 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 20.7 20.9 20.6 20.6 21.0 21.0 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0.4 0.3 0.3 



of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.5 0 0.0 1.4 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 2.4 0 0.0 1.8 


6. Final Energy Consumption 14.8 13.7 14.5 16.0 15.8 14.3 


6.b Industry 2.8 3.8 2.8 2.7 

6.c Transport 4.3 5.4 5.3 4.4 

6.d Services 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 

6.e Households 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.2 




ESTONIA (ee) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 4.6 5.5 5.3 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1.5 2.5 2 



of which 4.a Primary Electricity 



6. Final Energy Consumption 2.3 1.8 2.9 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.1 0.1 0.1 

6.b Industry 0.5 0.3 0.7 

6.c Transport 0.2 0.6 0.5 

6.d Services 0.3 0.1 0.4 

6.e Households 1.2 0.7 1.2 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 22.6 22.4 30.3 26.1 26.1 24.4 29.0 33.6 

6.c Transport 16.2 22.8 33.6 38.7 38.8 36.3 43.4 50.8 

6.d Services 2.2 3.4 6.7 11.0 10.8 9.9 10.6 11.0 

6.e Households 5.2 7.2 12.0 15.9 15.9 14.7 16.7 18.6 

FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 23.1 27.8 33.4 36.9 37.0 




of which 4.a Primary Electricity 2.6 5.6 6.9 





6.b Industry 8.2 9.6 12.5 13.2 

6.c Transport 2.8 4.0 4.3 5.1 

6.d Services 1.6 2.4 2.7 2.7 

6.e Households 4.3 4.3 4.5 5.1



FRANCE (fr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 11.8 12.4 17.4 18.3 18.5 19.1 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses 178.2 217.4 251.3 282.0 303.6 320.3 




5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 44.0 74.8 93.4 104.2 108.8 111.2 


of which 6.a Agriculture 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 

6.b Industry 44.9 38.5 38.7 44.1 48.7 52.7 

6.c Transport 32.1 41.7 49.4 56.3 62.2 68.3 

6.d Services 24.0 26.4 29.7 22.5 24.7 27.4 

6.e Households 29.9 32.9 37.0 51.9 56.1 57.5 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 48.3 38.7 35.3 31.6 30.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 

6.c Transport 35.6 48.6 55.5 60.1 58.8 60.0 62.0 65.0 

6.d Services 17.3 17.9 20.3 16.7 17.1 17.5 18.0 18.5 

6.e Households 39.8 40.8 46.9 44.3 45.6 46.5 48.0 50.0 

GREECE (gr) 





of which 4.a Primary Electricity 5.1 8.9 11.9 12.0 





6.b Industry 3.7 3.7 4.1 5.4 

6.c Transport 4.0 5.8 7.3 8.8 

6.d Services 2.0 3.1 4.5 8.6 

6.e Households 0.3 0.7 1.3 5.3 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




HUNGARy (hu) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 9.2 7.1 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.7 4.0 

6.c Transport 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.3 5.9 

6.d Services 2.9 2.8 3.4 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.8 4.4 

6.e Households 5.3 7.0 5.2 5.9 5.6 6.0 6.8 7.5 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses 7.8 9.1 13.6 17.2 19.6 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricity Generation 2.4 3.1 5.0 5.7 6.8 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 2.3 3.0 4.9 5.3 6.3 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 1.6 1.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 

6. Final Energy Consumption 6.2 7.2 10.6 14.2 16.5 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 

6.b Industry 1.9 1.7 2.3 2.6 3.1 

6.c Transport 1.7 2.0 3.9 5.5 6.5 

6.d Services 0.6 1.0 1.6 2.5 2.9 

6.e Households 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.2 3.8 

ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 37.9 36.5 39.5 42.2 36.6 

6.c Transport 25.2 34.4 41.5 45.7 43.9 

6.d Services 7.1 9.0 13.2 15.8 17.6 

6.e Households 24.8 25.6 26.7 27.9 27.4




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0 4.1 1.9 2.6 2.6 0.1 3.2 3.5 





6.b Industry 3.4 3.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 2.0 

6.c Transport 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.1 

6.d Services 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 

6.e Households 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0 0 0 0 


4. Primary Energy Used for Electricity Generation 0 0.1 0.6 0.5 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0 0 0 0 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 0 0.1 0.6 0.5 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 


of which 6.a Agriculture 0 0 0 0 

6.b Industry 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 

6.c Transport 0.9 1.9 3.0 2.5 

6.d Services 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 

6.e Households 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 2.0 2.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.2 2.0 

6.c Transport 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 

6.d Services 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.1 

6.e Households 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 




MALTA (mt) 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 0.9 1.0 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses 0.9 1.0 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricity Generation 0.5 0.7 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 0.5 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 0.2 

6. Final Energy Consumption 0.7 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0 

6.b Industry 0.2 

6.c Transport 0.3 

6.d Services 0.1 

6.e Households 0.1 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 22.3 21.8 25.0 30.5 28.8 27.0 32.9 40.1 

6.c Transport 7.8 8.4 11.0 12.1 12.0 12.0 14.7 17.9 

6.d Services 5.6 7.0 7.7 7.8 8.5 8.1 9.8 12.0 

6.e Households 12.5 10.4 10.3 10.6 11.2 10.6 12.9 15.7 

POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 48.0 27.1 21.6 17.9 16.7 18.2 20.9 24.0 

6.c Transport 10.0 9.9 9.5 15.4 16.5 15.5 18.7 23.3 

6.d Services 2.0 2.1 4.7 6.8 7.3 6.6 8.8 12.8 

6.e Households 25.0 25.0 17.4 18.5 18.6 19.0 19.4 20.1



PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 3.2 4.3 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.9 8.1 

6.c Transport 2.1 3.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.9 8.3 9.7 

6.d Services 0.4 0.8 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.3 

6.e Households 1.1 2.4 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.9 4.6 

ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




4. Primary Energy Used for Electricity Generation 11.6 14.9 14.5 12.7 15.1 18.1 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 4.4 5.8 5.7 6.7 10.1 12.9 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 7.2 9.2 8.8 6.0 5.0 5.2 



of which 6.a Agriculture 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 

6.b Industry 9.0 10.0 9.4 8.6 10.5 12.7 

6.c Transport 3.5 4.7 5.4 4.1 4.4 5.6 

6.d Services 0.8 2.5 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.6 

6.e Households 8.4 7.6 8.1 7.2 6.3 6.5 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 13.0 12.3 13.7 13.4 13.2 13.1 14.2 14.4 

6.c Transport 5.9 7.2 7.5 9.1 8.9 8.3 8.9 8.9 

6.d Services 3.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.9 5.1 5.0 

6.e Households 8.5 7.9 7.8 7.2 7.3 8.0 7.7 7.6 




SLOVENIA (si) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 









of which 6.a Agriculture 

6.b Industry 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.7 

6.c Transport 1.3 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.1 

6.d Services 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 

6.e Households 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses 


of which 4.a Primary Electricity 2.3 2.2 2.7 3.3 


5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 

3.1 2.5 3.9 6.0 

6. Final Energy Consumption 

of which 6.a Agriculture 

14.5 15.5 10.3 10.5 10.7 14.6 19.8 

6.b Industry 3.8 4.4 4.3 

6.c Transport 

6.d Services 

1.5 2.0 2.2 

6.e Households 5.0 4.1 4.2 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0.4 0.2 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 








6.b Industry 3.3 3.5 4.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 

6.c Transport 4.5 6.1 7.2 7.4 7.7 7.8 8.1 8.5 

6.d Services 2.9 3.1 3.3 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 

6.e Households 5.3 5.4 5.5 7.4 7.7 7.8 8.2 8.5



NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





of which 4.a Primary Electricity 18.7 23.7 27.7 28.6 29.1 29.7 

4.a Thermal Power Generation 0 0 0.2 1.5 3.2 4.9 




6.b Industry 5.9 6.1 7.7 7.7 8.1 8.8 

6.c Transport 2.9 3.6 4.4 5.7 6.3 7.0 

6.d Services 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.5 

6.e Households 3.7 4.4 4.8 5.1 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 8.0 14.6 24.5 32.5 25.7 

6.c Transport 5.2 8.7 12.0 17.3 16.0 

6.d Services 

6.e Households 12.8 15.4 20.0 24.6 28.3 

* Households include the services category. 


Balances 

table 4.2.1 

AUSTRIA (at) 

4.2 Capacity 


Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) 

The tables below present the capacity balances for any given system. They are shown for each 

of the 27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey, both on an historical basis 

(between 1980 and 2008) and as forecasts (for 2020 and 2030). 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 12,600 16,200 18,227 18,914 20,700 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 3,200 4,100 3,000 2,900 2,900 

Connected Peak Demand 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,480 9,413 

Reserve Capacity 1,400 1,800 800 700 700 

Country Balance 2,300 2,900 5,371 6,380 7,687 

Net Transfer Capacity 1,500 2,000 4,000 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 14,887 15,472 16,322 16,719 18,127 25,343 


Connected Peak Demand 7,900 10,400 12,653 14,040 13,435 13,804 16,221 

Reserve Capacity 1,200 1,150 970 960 960 

Country Balance 398 -1,262 393 -578 

Net Transfer Capacity 2,200 3,378 3,588 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 7,830 10,155 10,384 8,895 8,568 10,176 14,270 17,390 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 

Connected Peak Demand 6,900 8,100 7,100 7,030 7,034 7,890 10,500 13,340 

Reserve Capacity 1,384 2,028 1,767 1,406 1,407 1,580 2,100 2,670 

Country Balance -454 27 1,517 459 127 706 1,670 1,380 

Net Transfer Capacity 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,850 3,850 3,850 

CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 264 462 988 1,118 1,338 2,198 2,678 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 

Connected Peak Demand 200 372 688 1,041 1,093 1,191 1,650 2,150 

Reserve Capacity 40 72 138 224 268 440 536 

Country Balance 26 30 162 -147 -80 108 -8 

Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 13,800 14,200 17,513 17,724 16,400 16,500 17,000 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 2,100 2,100 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,500 


Reserve Capacity 1,800 2,000 1,700 1,800 1,500 1,500 2,000 

Country Balance 900 1,100 2,713 3,044 1,700 1,000 1,000 

Net Transfer Capacity 2,500 2,500 2,800 2,800 3,000 3,000 3,000

Balances 4.2 Capacity 

table 4.2.1 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




Reserve Capacity 17,600 21,300 13,000 15,100 14,900 13,000 14,500 

Country Balance 1,900 1,200 6,300 10,800 13,700 8,400 16,400 

Net Transfer Capacity 

Foreseeable not available Capacity: 1980-2007: Retrospect (actual not available capacity); 

2000-2020: Revision of power plants and outages are not included. 

Reserve Capacity: Only System Services Reserve (Frequency and voltage control, black-start capacity). 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 300 500 2,900 3,600 4,200 6,200 8,000 


Reserve Capacity 900 1,200 1,200 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,600 

Country Balance 719 509 925 1,345 509 0 -2,200 

Net Transfer Capacity 3,000 4,500 5,300 5,800 8,000 8,000 

ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 82 


Reserve Capacity 

Country Balance 1,179 1,392 545 1,040 1,063 

Net Transfer Capacity 610 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 5,402 6,616 9,355 20,902 24,131 29,101 45,825 62,280 



Country Balance 1,368 5,288 2,783 10,321 13,629 17,453 9,361 1,756 

Net Transfer Capacity 1,200 2,080 2,800 2,800 4,240 5,680 5,680 

FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 1,032 850 2,537 2,297 3,736 3,900 


Reserve Capacity 924 1,463 1,047 1,483 1,483 1,483 

Country Balance 2,466 407 274 -1,780 -1,999 -2,883 





FRANCE (fr) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 

Connected Peak Demand 

Reserve Capacity 

Country Balance 


44,100 63,400 72,400 88,185 84,426 83,500 90,900 96,600 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 300 1,734 2,384 4,098 17,762 23,245 




Net Transfer Capacity 0 2,000 2,000 1,734 2,000 2,000 4,200 4,200 

GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 150 683 768 1,081 4,013 



Country Balance 70 1,120 -443 -1,036 -495 929 883 


HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 7,855 8,413 8,541 8,825 10,413 12,035 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 360 1,000 1,145 1,250 1,350 1,500 


Reserve Capacity 800 1,000 600 810 810 800 950 1,000 

Country Balance 100 800 1,153 1,423 606 635 723 881 

Net Transfer Capacity 340 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




Reserve Capacity 600 800 950 1,800 1,750 

Country Balance 100 400 -150 0 50 

Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 300 600 600



ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




Reserve Capacity 7,200 9,900 11,095 4,328 8,208 

Country Balance 1,924 -1,752 4,381 0 0 

Net Transfer Capacity 4,000 5,000 5,700 8,000 8,000 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 10 10 50 175 218 800 980 800 


Reserve Capacity 300 600 600 600 600 350 590 590 

Country Balance -233 1,514 3,606 2,000 1,900 -24 1,562 2,218 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 

Connected Peak Demand 500 600 900 1,061 1,054 1,100 1,300 1,500 


Country Balance 514 409 99 426 452 428 473 318 

Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 750 750 752 780 780 800 950 1,300 



Country Balance -521 -696 55 -50 120 180 455 -50 

Net Transfer Capacity 600 700 630 1,500 1,500 1,500 2,000 2,200 

MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 0 0 0 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 0 

Connected Peak Demand 0 0 0 

Reserve Capacity 0 0 0 

Country Balance 0 0 0 

Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 0 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





Country Balance -532 -1,751 289 0 1,080 4,235 18,021 14,404 


POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 21 265 462 1,648 6,857 9,776 




Net Transfer Capacity 820 820 820 4,320 4,320 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 247 506 254 2,851 3,522 4,565 10,359 11,526 


Reserve Capacity 774 1,013 2,195 3,190 3,180 3,332 4,736 5,092 

Country Balance -47 281 304 -1,015 -792 -376 2,099 -780 

Net Transfer Capacity 550 550 850 1,400 1,500 1,600 3,500 3,500 

ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





Country Balance -530 -550 1,895 2,300 1,854 2,294 3,067 841 

Net Transfer Capacity 1,800 2,600 950 3,500 4,000 1,400 1,950 2,200 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





Country Balance 5,774 6,569 913 3,375 5,116 6,810 6,860 6,220 

Net Transfer Capacity 2,905 4,975 8,455 8,570 8,570 8,700 11,500 11,500



SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




Reserve Capacity 294 320 670 335 335 

Country Balance -510 242 121 247 -88 

Net Transfer Capacity 700 800 800 800 800 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 800 1,400 1,000 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,150 


Reserve Capacity 600 900 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 900 1,420 

Country Balance -595 -440 1,466 406 544 875 2,152 3,915 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




Reserve Capacity 1,000 1,000 1,000 900 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 



NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





Country Balance 2,121 4,806 2,231 4,125 1,965 1,569 3,200 

Net Transfer Capacity 3,650 3,650 5,400 6,200 6,800 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 26,173 39,084 39,993 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 3,809 7,958 7,707 


Reserve Capacity 1,657 207 1,483 

Country Balance 1,183 1,670 286 

Net Transfer Capacity 638 


Balances 

table 4.3.1 

AUSTRIA (at) 


4.3 Electricity balances 

Electricity Balances (TWh) 

The tables below give the electricity balances for each of the 27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, 

Norway and Turkey between 1980 and 2008. Forecasts for 2020 and 2030 are also presented. 

In particular, the tables display the electricity used for pumping purposes in pumped hydro-schemes. 

They also give the trade balance, i.e. the difference between imports and exports in a certain system. 

The tables thus present the electricity demand in a given system (including network losses) calculated 

as electricity production minus electricity used for pumping purposes and minus the trade balance. 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 40.7 48.8 60.2 63.0 65.3 66.0 79.5 88.9 

Pumping -0.5 -1.4 -2.0 -3.0 -3.2 -3.3 -4.7 -5.1 

Imports 3.2 6.8 13.8 21.8 19.6 16.5 20.9 

Exports 7.1 7.3 15.1 15.9 15.0 14.7 18.7 

Trade Balance -3.9 -0.5 -1.3 5.9 4.6 1.8 2.2 6.5 

Demand (Including losses) 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.9 66.7 64.6 77.0 90.3 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.7 -0.6 -1.2 -1.2 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 

Imports 0 4.8 11.6 15.8 17.1 9.0 14.3 

Exports 0 8.5 7.3 9.0 6.5 11.0 0.7 

Trade Balance 0 -3.7 4.3 6.8 10.6 -2.0 13.6 

Demand (Including losses) 47.7 61.5 81.2 93.9 93.8 96.6 113.9 

BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 

Imports 4.7 5.4 1.0 0 3.0 0 0 0 

Exports 0.9 1.6 5.6 4.5 8.4 7.7 13.0 20.5 

Trade Balance 3.8 3.8 -4.6 -4.5 -5.4 -7.7 -13.0 -20.5 


CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Exports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Trade Balance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 

Imports 0.0 0.0 2.4 10.2 3.8 10.0 10.5 12.0 

Exports 1.5 0.7 12.4 26.4 20.0 15.5 12.5 16.0 

Trade Balance -1.5 -0.7 -10.0 -16.2 -16.2 -5.5 -2.0 -4.0 

Demand (Including losses) 46.7 57.0 57.0 64.5 65.2 68.2 77.5 83.0

Balances 4.3 Electricity balances 

table 4.3.1 Electricity Balances (TWh) 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -2.0 -2.0 -6.0 -9.1 -7.9 -8.0 -11.4 -11.0 

Imports 16.2 25.1 45.1 44.3 40.2 40.0 

Exports 10.2 26.0 42.1 63.4 62.7 60.0 

Trade Balance 6.0 -0.9 3.0 -19.1 -22.5 -20.0 -35.7 18.0 


DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 2.0 12.0 8.3 10.4 12.7 0 0 0 

Exports 1.6 4.9 7.7 11.4 11.3 0 0 0 

Trade Balance 0.4 7.1 0.6 -1.0 1.4 0 0 0 


ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 17.2 15.4 7.6 11.0 10.6 

Pumping 0 0 0 

Imports 0.4 1.5 0.4 0.3 1.3 

Exports 11.1 8.5 1.3 2.8 2.3 

Trade Balance -10.7 -7.0 -0.9 -2.5 -1 


SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.8 -0.9 -4.9 -4.3 -3.7 -6.3 -7.2 -7.7 

Imports 2.3 3.2 12.3 8.8 5.9 9.3 14.3 23.0 

Exports 3.7 3.5 7.8 14.5 16.9 14.0 17.5 15.4 

Trade Balance -1.4 -0.3 4.4 -5.8 -11.0 -4.7 -3.2 7.6 


FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 2.4 11.1 12.2 15.4 16.1 16.0 

Exports 1.2 0.4 0.3 2.9 3.3 4.6 

Trade Balance 1.2 10.7 11.9 12.5 12.8 11.4 -5.8 -5.3 





FRANCE (fr) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 247.2 400.0 516.8 544.7 549.1 567.2 621.3 

Pumping -1.0 -4.9 -6.6 -7.7 -6.6 -7.3 -7.4 

Imports 6.7 3.7 10.8 10.7 

Exports 52.1 73.2 67.5 58.7 

Trade Balance 2.5 -45.6 -69.5 -56.7 -48.0 -65.5 -80.5 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.5 -2.6 -3.5 -4.9 -5.1 -5.1 -5.1 -5.1 

Imports 0 11.9 14.3 8.6 12.3 

Exports 0 0 0.1 2.8 3.4 2.0 2.6 2.6 

Trade Balance 0 11.9 14.2 5.8 8.9 


GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 21.3 32.1 49.9 57.9 57.5 57.9 68.6 

Pumping 0 -0.3 -0.6 -1.1 -1.2 -0.7 0 

Imports 0.7 1.3 1.7 6.4 7.6 6.4 5.1 

Exports 0.1 0.6 1.7 2.1 2.0 3.4 2.1 

Trade Balance 0.6 0.7 0 4.4 5.6 3.0 3.0 


HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9 

Imports 10.2 13.3 6.2 14.7 13.3 12.0 11.5 8.5 

Exports 2.8 2.2 2.8 10.7 9.4 8.2 8.0 6.3 

Trade Balance 7.4 11.1 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.5 2.2 


IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 

Imports 0 0.2 

Exports 0 0.1 

Trade Balance 0 0.1 

Demand (Including losses) 9.5 13.0 22.3 31.9 40.4 49.0



ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -3.2 -4.8 -9.1 -7.7 -7.6 

Imports 8.1 35.6 44.8 48.9 43.4 

Exports 2.0 0.9 0.5 2.6 3.4 

Trade Balance 6.1 34.7 44.3 46.3 40.0 

Demand (Including losses) 180.3 235.1 298.5 339.9 339.5 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 

Imports 0 0 0.2 1.2 1.7 1.0 0 0 

Exports 0.1 12.0 1.5 2.5 2.6 0 10.1 15.3 

Trade Balance -0.1 -12.0 -1.3 -1.3 -0.9 1.0 -10.1 -15.3 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 

Imports 3.0 4.7 6.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.7 8.1 

Exports 0.2 0.8 0.7 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.4 

Trade Balance 2.8 3.9 5.7 3.9 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.7 


LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 5.4 6.5 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.6 3.8 3.6 

Exports 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 2.0 2.3 3.4 1.0 

Trade Balance 3.4 3.5 1.7 2.9 2.6 2.3 0.4 2.6 


MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 1.9 2.3 2.3 

Pumping 0 0 0 

Imports 0 0 0 

Exports 0 0 0 

Trade Balance 0 0 0 

Demand (Including losses) 1.9 2.3 2.3 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 0 9.9 22.9 23.1 24.9 20.0 15.0 15.0 

Exports 0 0.4 4.0 5.5 9.1 12.0 15.0 15.0 

Trade Balance 0 9.5 18.9 17.6 15.9 8.0 0 0 


POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.2 -2.6 -2.8 -0.9 -0.9 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 

Imports 4.2 10.4 3.3 7.8 8.5 0 0 0 

Exports 4.4 11.5 9.7 13.1 9.7 0 0 0 

Trade Balance -0.2 -1.1 -6.4 -5.3 -1.2 0 0 0 


PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0 -0.3 -0.5 

Imports 0.2 4.7 9.6 10.7 1.5 2.1 0.7 

Exports 0.1 3.8 2.2 1.3 2.3 2.6 0 

Trade Balance 1.8 0 0.9 7.5 9.4 -0.7 -0.5 0.7 


ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5 

Imports 0.5 9.5 0.8 4.0 2.6 1.0 1.5 1.5 

Exports 0.1 0.0 1.5 6.1 7.0 3.0 5.5 5.5 

Trade Balance 0.4 9.5 -0.7 -2.1 -4.4 -2.0 -4.0 -4.0 


SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 3.4 12.9 18.3 16.1 12.8 

Exports 2.8 14.7 13.6 14.7 14.7 

Trade Balance 0.5 -1.8 4.7 1.3 -2.0 -15.9 -30.5 -17.2 

Demand (Including losses) 94.0 139.9 146.6 146.2 144.4 140.3 144.0 144.0



SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 1.3 1.8 

Imports 0.9 0.6 4.2 6.1 6.2 

Exports 0.3 1.2 5.6 5.9 7.8 

Trade Balance 0.6 -0.6 -1.4 0.2 -1.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.9 


SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 -1.0 

Imports 6.0 6.4 13.6 9.4 

Exports 0.8 9.0 11.9 8.9 

Trade Balance 3.4 5.2 -2.6 1.7 0.5 0.8 -5.8 -12.9 



1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.5 -1.7 -2.0 -2.1 -2.5 -2.7 -2.8 -2.8 

Imports 9.9 22.8 39.9 48.6 30.5 51.1 55.3 59.8 

Exports 18.1 24.9 47.0 50.6 30.5 52.2 56.5 61.1 

Trade Balance -8.2 -2.1 -7.1 -2.0 0 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 


NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 -1.6 -1.6 -0.8 -0.8 -1.8 

Imports 1.8 0.3 1.5 5.2 3.4 4.3 4.8 5.1 

Exports 2.3 16.2 20.5 15.3 17.3 0 0 0 

Trade Balance -0.5 -15.9 -19.1 -10.1 -13.9 4.3 4.8 5.1 


TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 1.3 0.2 3.8 0.9 0.8 

Exports 0 0.9 0.4 2.4 1.1 

Trade Balance 1.3 -0.7 3.4 -1.5 -0.3 

Demand (Including losses) 23.2 53.5 122.1 181.8 189.4 


Balances 

4.4 Comments 


AUSTRIA (at) 

Among other factors, peak demand is significantly influenced by climatic conditions since high power 

demand is expected during winter months (December/January). Usually a decline in temperature of 

1 degree seems to lead to an increase of the peak demand in the range of 50 MW to 100 MW depending 

on various other factors (season, level of temperature, etc.) 

The main part of the “foreseeable not available capacity” (Table 4.1) is the reduced capacity of run 

of river plants, caused by smaller water flow of rivers in the winter season or too much water in case 

of flooding. An additional part is less power capacity in consequence of an increased heat or steam 

production in cogeneration units or to increase imports. Sources for the data in table 4.1 are based on 

UCTE publications. 

GERMANy (de) 

When evaluating generation programmes it is assumed that a certain amount of the generating 

capacity is not available during the period of maximum peak demand due to low hydro output during 

the winter period, devoted capacities to heat production in CHP stations or a discontinuous supply of 

wind power stations. Furthermore a reserve has to be provided for the case of shutdowns and demand 

variations due to the economic situation or caused by the weather. 

SPAIN (es) 

Table 4.1: Foreseeable, not available capacity is associated to hydro power plants stations, since 

their effective capacity is heavily dependent on hydrology, and to the irregular capacity contributions 

of electricity production from RES. Peak demand data does not include the one corresponding to 

autoproducers’ self-consumption. 

FINLAND (fi) 

Export and import prognosis should be taken as an estimate as power exchange depends on the future 

market situation and on decisions taken in several countries. It is assumed that net import will turn into 

slight net export due to assumed investments in Finland. 

New sea cables between Finland and Sweden (Fenno-Skan 2) and between Finland and Estonia (Estlink) 

are taken into account in the scenario. 


During the peak load in the energy system, the capacities of small hydro power plants, wind power, 

other renewable and to some extent of the autoproducers are not taken into consideration. 


Luxembourg is still a net importing country for electricity, as it is also for all other energy sources.

Balances 4.4 Comments 

LATVIA (lv) 

Latvia is a power deficit country. The necessary amount of electricity was imported from Russia, 

Lithuania and Estonia. 

Latvenergo HPPs (run-of-river type) are located on the River Daugava. They are used to cover peak 

loads as well as for the spinning reserve for the Baltic region. The generation depends on water inflow. 

During spring flood period (i.e. about two months) Latvian HPPs can supply the whole national demand. 

Due to the irregular water supply, there are big fluctuations in the generation of the electric energy. 

In 1998 HPPs generated 4.3 TWh, but in 1996 only – 1.8 TWh. HPPs energy production was 3.1 TWh 

in 2008. 

POLAND (pl) 

The directions of Polish energy exchanges are the same as in the past years and its structure untill the 

year 2020 is shown in Fig.2. 

germany 

ucte 

Fig.2 Directions of current and future Polish electricity exchange. 

Based on information presented in the UCTE Report all import comes from the Polish- Swedish and 

Polish-Ukraine border. 

Connection between Poland and Sweden is set on DC cable. Connections with Lithuania and Ukraine 

are planned as back-to-back stations. 

Imports from UCTE countries should be executed through existing and planned interconnections with 

neighbouring countries. 

In 2008, the electric energy exchange balance was essentially reduced due to priority for covering 

national demand. 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

czech republic 

sweden 

poland 

slovakia 

lithuania 

ukraine 

The foreseeable not available capacity corresponds to a percentage of the installed capacity of the 

special regime generation (excluding hydro) defined according to the technology. 

The required reserve capacity considers: 

The forced outage of the thermal and hydro units with higher capacity of the public electricity system 

in the peak period; 

The temperature effect on the annual peak load (a maximum increase of 6.9% on the expected 

peak was assumed); 

The capacity limitation of the hydro subsystem for dry conditions, in the period of the year where 

peak demand is expected to occur. 



Environment 

5.1 Fuel consumption for electricity generation 

table 5.1.1 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) 

The tables below present information on fuel consumption (expressed in petajoule or PJ) for electricity 

generation in the 27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey between 1980 and 2008. 

Forecasts for 2010, 2020 and 2030 are also displayed below. The total inputs as well as the breakdown by 

fossil fuel are shown. It must be noted that not all categories in the EU-27 table include all EU countries. 

EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 5,813.1 6,048.7 5,301.5 5,761.4 5,054.0 4,833.4 3,901.5 3,424.6 

Brown Coal 2,300.4 3,608.6 3,273.7 3,496.5 3,408.5 3,088.3 2,535.7 1,272.8 

Oil 3,477.5 1,961.8 1,571.2 952.8 797.0 720.7 456.4 531.6 

Natural Gas 1,377.3 1,497.4 3,514.4 4,910.5 5,245.6 5,474.8 5,936.7 6,948.6 

Derived Gas 137.5 221.9 231.1 232.5 210.3 222.1 196.1 190.2 

Other Fuels 184.9 115.1 391.4 704.1 707.5 890.3 1,073.6 1,298.0 

Thermal Total 13,406.6 13,539.8 14,404.1 16,059.8 15,421.1 15,371.6 14,284.3 13,692.8 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 

Brown Coal N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 

Oil N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 

Natural Gas N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 

Derived Gas N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 

Other Fuels N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 

Thermal Total N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 125.0 106.0 


Oil 3.9 11.0 

Natural Gas 147.6 258.0 

Derived Gas 27.5 19.2 

Other Fuels 0 0 

Thermal Total 304.0 394.2

Environment 5.1 Fuel consumption for electricity generation 


BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 77.5 65.4 19.1 60.5 63.6 51.1 43.3 18.2 

Brown Coal 106.7 128.5 140.0 187.1 183.1 213.1 165.2 156.7 

Oil 259.1 17.2 10.0 4.7 2.8 5.5 5.2 4.2 

Natural Gas 16.3 13.2 10.7 17.4 16.3 14.7 30.2 40.1 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 459.7 224.3 179.8 269.7 265.8 284.4 243.9 219.2 

CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 12.9 22.5 38.3 50.1 53.3 42.0 4.6 3.3 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 58.0 77.8 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 12.9 22.5 38.3 53.3 53.3 42.0 62.7 81.0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 82.0 63.0 76.1 68.0 68.0 76.4 76.4 76.4 

Brown Coal 448.0 426.0 445.0 503.0 520.0 344.2 359.1 350.0 

Oil 11.0 5.0 5.6 3.5 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 

Natural Gas 2.0 2.0 9.4 7.5 7.7 7.8 7.8 10.0 

Derived Gas 9.0 7.0 20.1 22.0 21.5 21.4 21.4 15.4 

Other Fuels 2.0 2.0 4.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Thermal Total 554.0 505.0 560.5 605.0 621.2 453.2 468.1 455.2 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 1,046.0 1,270.0 1,268.0 1,259.0 1,083.0 1,020.0 552.0 447.0 

Brown Coal 962.0 1,795.0 1,420.0 1,475.0 1,416.0 1,390.0 1,196.0 469.0 

Oil 209.0 109.0 71.0 71.0 72.0 87.0 0 0 

Natural Gas 551.0 336.0 391.0 515.0 594.0 580.0 114.0 201.0 

Derived Gas 0 99.0 90.0 127.0 109.0 100.0 102.0 109.0 

Other Fuels 135.0 32.0 96.0 196.0 195.0 210.0 120.0 140.0 

Thermal Total 2,903.0 3,641.0 3,336.0 3,643.0 3,469.0 3,387.0 2,084.0 1,366.0 

DENMARK (dk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 216.0 230.0 162.0 184.7 145.9 150.0 100.0 70.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 48.0 8.0 39.0 13.9 9.7 20.0 20.0 20.0 

Natural Gas 0 7.0 89.0 73.4 52.5 120.0 160.0 170.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 1.0 29.0 0 9.0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 264.0 246.0 319.0 272.0 217.1 290.0 280.0 260.0 




ESTONIA (ee) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 


Oil 0.4 0 0 


Derived Gas 0 2.6 2.3 

Other Fuels 85.5 108.1 96.5 

Thermal Total 88.9 112.2 100.6 

SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 233.0 467.0 601.0 561.0 377.0 237.0 197.0 118.0 

Brown Coal 93.0 130.0 137.0 131.0 79.0 46.0 51.0 0 

Oil 391.0 86.0 177.0 172.0 168.0 147.0 167.0 204.0 

Natural Gas 17.0 21.0 129.0 590.0 743.0 542.0 636.0 650.0 

Derived Gas 

Other Fuels 

Thermal Total 734.0 704.0 1,044.0 1,454.0 1,366.0 972.0 1,051.0 972.0 

FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 103.0 61.0 60.0 97.0 54.0 133.0 43.0 24.0 

Brown Coal 4.0 17.0 22.0 46.0 32.0 25.0 27.0 26.0 

Oil 27.0 10.0 7.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 

Natural Gas 12.6 24.8 41.0 46.0 48.0 40.0 55.0 47.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 29.2 46.3 54.0 62.0 66.0 47.0 70.0 73.0 

Thermal Total 176.0 159.0 184.0 254.0 203.0 249.0 224.0 198.0 

FRANCE (fr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 620.0 295.5 240.5 223.9 211.6 191.5 37.8 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 430.5 48.7 39.9 44.5 43.4 24.8 0 

Natural Gas 45.7 0.7 4.2 18.9 21.2 17.6 24.8 

Derived Gas 54.3 28.0 24.0 21.9 19.6 21.0 10.9 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 1,150.3 372.8 308.6 309.3 295.9 254.9 73.5 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 2,176.0 2,077.0 1,200.0 1,376.0 1,252.0 1,227.0 1,047.0 673.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 392.0 350.0 65.0 53.0 74.0 58.0 18.0 3.0 

Natural Gas 48.0 23.0 1,169.0 1,270.0 1,358.0 1,488.0 1,915.0 1,887.0 

Derived Gas 20.0 20.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 5.0 15.0 57.0 51.0 41.0 42.0 42.0 42.0 

Thermal Total 2,641.0 2,485.0 2,490.0 2,749.0 2,724.0 2,815.0 3,021.0 2,606.0



GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 

Brown Coal 105.7 258.8 340.1 345.0 336.5 329.8 263.6 

Oil 93.8 78.3 90.1 84.1 87.6 69.0 22.1 

Natural Gas 0 0 58.5 88.4 103.8 93.9 162.5 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 

Thermal Total 199.5 337.1 488.6 517.8 528.2 492.9 448.4 

HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 16.0 11.0 13.0 6.0 15.0 40.0 60.0 

Brown Coal 160.0 108.0 104.0 71.0 76.3 65.0 50.0 42.0 

Oil 44.0 19.0 43.0 6.0 3.9 7.0 6.0 6.0 

Natural Gas 109.0 74.0 77.0 152.0 156.8 130.0 130.0 150.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 1.0 29.0 29.6 30.0 40.0 50.0 

Thermal Total 313.0 217.0 236.0 271.0 272.6 246.0 266.0 308.0 

IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 51.0 61.0 47.1 43.8 64.0 64.0 

Brown Coal 19.0 24.0 21.0 18.0 23.4 25.0 25.0 

Oil 51.0 14.0 44.0 16.6 14.4 10.0 10.0 

Natural Gas 18.0 34.0 76.0 104.7 107.9 124.0 163.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 1.0 1.2 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 88.0 123.0 202.0 187.4 190.7 223.0 262.0 

ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 123.0 284.0 252.0 431.9 430.7 488.0 550.0 791.0 

Brown Coal 13.0 11.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 955.0 913.0 808.0 339.5 180.8 170.0 160.0 250.0 

Natural Gas 82.0 337.0 784.0 1,184.2 1,170.6 1,171.0 1,445.0 2,127.0 

Derived Gas 38.0 46.0 40.0 51.0 49.0 59.0 60.0 64.0 

Other Fuels 6.0 7.0 26.0 0.9 0.7 149.0 285.0 415.0 

Thermal Total 1,217.0 1,598.0 1,910.0 2,007.3 1,831.9 2,037.0 2,500.0 3,647.0 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 98.3 41.7 5.0 5.0 3.0 15.9 3.3 1.4 

Natural Gas 3.1 48.8 11.6 28.1 24.0 87.2 50.0 51.2 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 0.9 2.9 3.5 

Thermal Total 101.4 90.5 16.6 33.6 27.2 104.0 56.2 56.1 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 


Oil 0 0 0 



Other Fuels 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 0.1 0.5 0.5 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.0 10.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 4.6 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 

Natural Gas 3.6 8.2 5.1 9.3 9.3 10.3 17.5 15.4 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 8.2 9.7 6.1 9.8 9.8 10.7 27.5 25.4 

MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 


Oil 22.2 26.4 26.2 



Other Fuels 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 22.2 26.4 26.2 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 61.0 234.0 219.0 213.0 203.0 205.0 375.0 324.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 214.0 2.0 1.0 11.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 

Natural Gas 214.0 317.0 360.0 571.0 613.0 587.0 603.0 800.0 

Derived Gas 16.0 18.0 24.0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 6.0 196.0 201.0 344.0 424.0 471.0 

Thermal Total 505.0 571.0 610.0 991.0 1,028.0 1,146.0 1,413.0 1,605.0 

POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 955.0 754.0 773.3 997.7 902.8 691.2 660.2 706.8 

Brown Coal 260.0 549.0 495.3 499.6 513.7 470.4 279.5 156.8 

Oil 29.0 17.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 16.1 34.0 34.8 40.6 178.7 428.8 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 1,244.0 1,320.0 1,284.7 1,531.3 1,451.3 1,202.2 1,118.4 1,292.4



PORTUGAL (pt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 3.6 84.5 133.6 112.8 101.9 99.4 41.6 27.7 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 61.5 84.6 65.1 34.5 29.6 20.8 20.4 19.9 

Natural Gas 0 0 48.0 87.7 91.4 101.8 85.9 162.9 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 4.1 3.2 13.5 19.4 19.4 20.7 35.6 35.5 

Thermal Total 69.3 172.2 260.2 254.4 242.3 242.8 183.6 246.0 

ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 72.0 45.0 45.0 55.7 54.2 19.3 20.9 47.5 

Brown Coal 129.0 161.0 149.0 218.5 225.9 179.8 119.3 72.3 

Oil 67.0 117.0 26.0 6.5 5.5 10.3 1.8 1.8 

Natural Gas 255.0 249.0 81.0 103.1 85.2 40.0 67.3 96.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 523.0 572.0 301.0 383.8 370.8 249.3 209.3 217.6 

SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 1.0 5.3 7.9 3.8 2.3 1.9 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0.3 0.3 2.3 2.6 0 0 0 

Oil 54.6 6.0 7.7 6.0 4.4 5.6 3.6 3.6 

Natural Gas 0 1.7 2.1 4.9 2.8 14.3 13.5 13.5 

Derived Gas 0.2 3.9 5.5 7.0 7.7 1.5 1.8 1.8 

Other Fuels 3.6 8.6 19.1 40.2 47.9 45.5 52.8 66.8 

Thermal Total 59.3 25.7 42.5 64.1 67.7 68.8 71.8 85.8 

SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 44.0 46.0 47.0 56.0 54.0 57.4 43.1 31.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 1.0 2.9 3.0 6.6 19.5 20.9 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.2 

Thermal Total 45.0 47.0 49.0 59.9 58.0 64.2 62.9 52.1 

SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Other Fuels 

23.2 10.3 

Thermal Total 139.0 97.0 122.0 143.0 157.0 






1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 

Thermal Total 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 

NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 29.2 66.4 97.4 


Other Fuels 1.6 5.6 7.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 

Thermal Total 1.6 5.6 7.4 33.8 71.0 102.1 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 20.0 9.0 33.0 131.3 137.7 

Brown Coal 50.0 208.0 385.0 409.0 453.1 

Oil 70.0 47.0 149.0 43.3 71.2 

Natural Gas 97.0 357.0 735.4 801.5 

Derived Gas 

Other Fuels 2.4 2.4 

Thermal Total 140.0 361.0 924.0 1,321.4 1,465.9

Environment 

table 5.2.1 

EU-27 

5.2 Emissions 

Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) 

The tables below show the evolution of carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions related to electricity 

production in the 27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkey. Data are gathered on 

an historical basis (from 1980 to 2008) and as forecasts (2020 and 2030). 

Burning of fossil fuels (and solid waste) in power-generating units releases carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 

into the atmosphere. As one of the main anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG), CO 2 contributes to 

global warming and to climate change. 

The main air pollutants released during power generation are sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides 

(NO X): acidifying gases which cause acid rain and have harmful effects on ecosystems and human health. 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 17,113.1 14,281.0 6,119.3 4,610.6 3,529.8 1,947.5 1,076.0 919.1 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 3,743.6 3,514.3 2,195.6 1,839.1 1,509.7 1,347.1 816.5 748.6 

Carbon Dioxide CO2 1,026,972.4 1,193,537.1 1,168,714.1 1,264,411.5 1,206,342.9 1,134,803.0 1,091,949.9 937,488.7 

AUSTRIA (at) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 109.9 15.1 3.1 2.6 2.3 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 26.5 14.5 7.7 10.6 10.8 

Carbon Dioxide CO2 11,550 12,400 9,700 10,427 10,089 9,600 9,100 8,300 

BELGIUM (be) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 352.0 995.2 35.1 18.3 7.9 8.0 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 87.0 60.6 42.5 24.8 16.6 16.0 


BULGARIA (bg) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 975.0 1,068.0 881.0 980.1 984.5 516.6 443.1 391.8 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 62.1 69.1 53.5 67.5 67.8 44.4 38.1 31.1 


CyPRUS (cy) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 16.0 29.0 30.6 25.2 19.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 


Carbon Dioxide CO2 964 1,667 2,836 3,801 3,967 4,042 2,821 3,381 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 400.0 62.0 62.0 58.6 53.0 53.0 43.0 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 58.0 63.0 64.0 61.0 51.0 52.8 41.4 

Carbon Dioxide CO2 42,000 55,750 53,000 50,500 39,000 40,500 40,000 

GERMANy (de) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 3,660.0 2,040.0 163.0 148.0 132.0 130.0 




Environment 5.2 Emissions 

table 5.2.1 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) 

DENMARK (dk) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




ESTONIA (ee) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 175.9 74.5 69.2 60 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 16.3 10.3 11.3 16 


SPAIN (es) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 1,835.0 1,442.0 1,063.0 949.0 322.0 217.0 110.0 98.0 



FINLAND (fi) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 112.0 52.0 15.5 21.0 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 54.0 38.0 20.2 29.0 


FRANCE (fr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 1,179.9 293.4 117.3 89.9 72.7 




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 3,658.0 3,042.0 915.0 285.0 213.0 414.0 175.0 173.0 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 1,170.0 1,047.0 550.0 360.0 279.0 501.0 382.0 373.0 


GREECE (gr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 261.8 316.1 359.6 320.5 



HUNGARy (hu) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Carbon Dioxide CO2 20,595 14,847 13,174 14,100 15,000 17,000



IRELAND (ie) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




ITALy (it) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 1,510.0 855.0 438.0 111.0 79.0 




1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 0.1 0 0 0 


Carbon Dioxide CO2 840 140 1,091 1,019 1,300 1,800 2,100 

LATVIA (lv) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Carbon Dioxide CO2 840 900 570 560 660 900 1,800 1,800 

MALTA (mt) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 25.1 12.4 10.4 

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 4.7 5.5 5.6 

Carbon Dioxide CO2 1,682 2,027 2,019 1,700 1,000 800 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




POLAND (pl) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 1,770.0 1,450.0 739.4 592.8 388.8 286.1 155.9 132.0 






PORTUGAL (pt) 


1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




ROMANIA (ro) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




SWEDEN (se) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




SLOVENIA (si) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 




SLOVAKIA (sk) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 





1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 


Carbon Dioxide CO2 330 770 704 792 933 1,124 1,188 

NORWAy (no) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 



Carbon Dioxide CO2 135 459 606 586 2,042 4,164 5,933 

TURKEy (tr) 

1980 1990 2000 2007 2008 2010 2020 2030 

Sulphur Dioxide SO2 239.0 790.0 1,399.0 936.5 1,007.7 


Carbon Dioxide CO2 11,896 30,325 72,089 100,662 101,000

Environment 

5.3 Comments 

AUSTRIA (at) 

According to data of the federal environmental agency a decoupling of electricity production and GHGemissions 

has been observed over the last years. From 1990 to 2007 the amount of GHG-emissions from 

public electricity and heat production decreased by 3.8% per year while electricity production increased 

in absolute terms by 23% and heat production by 129,1%. 

Energy supply was responsible for 16% of overall GHG-emissions in Austria in 2007. The major part 

of the national GHG emissions falls upon the sectors of transport and industries with approximately 

30% of overall GHG emissions each. 

GERMANy (de) 

The figures in Table 5.2 only contain the emissions from electricity generation of the public supply sector 

respectively electricity generating companies. The emissions of autoproducers are not included. 

The SO 2 emissions of the public utilities in 2008 amount to 132,000 tons. This means a reduction 

of 94% compared to 1990 when public utility power plants emitted about 2 million tons of SO 2 . 

NO x emissions were reduced by 51% in the same period. CO 2 emissions from electricity production 

slightly increased by 2.4%. Reasons for the increase are a growing electricity production in absolute 

terms and statistical regrouping of power plants formerly grouped at autoproducers, now classified in 

the public supply sector. Overall, specific CO 2 emissions in Germany declined substantially in Germany 

since 1990. 

SPAIN (es) 

Table 5.1: brown coal plants will burn imported coal from 2010. 

Table 5.2: it can be seen that the CO 2 emissions correspond to the total electricity generation of Spain, 

including electricity and CHP plants of any size. Only 50% of the CO 2 emissions of CHP plants have been 

assigned to electricity generated by such plants (this assumption also applies to CHP fuel consumption). 

The SO 2 and NO x future emission data have been estimated taking into account the expected evolution 

of the corresponding international protocols and their implementation in the European Union. 

FINLAND (fi) 

Unfortunately future estimations of emission in power production are not available. 

FRANCE (fr) 

Data was provided by CITEPA, the French Institute in charge of national emission inventories. Most of the 

data can be found on www.citepa.org in the annual SECTEN emission inventory report. CO 2 emissions 

cover only the emission from combustion. 

The emission and consumption figures include France and Corsica and do not include overseas 

departments. Only electricity generation from centralised power production is considered (i.e. district 

heating is not taken into account). 

Projections on fuels consumption and CO 2 emissions are taken from the 2009 national reporting for 

UNFCCC (energy scenario “Grenelle central”). 


Environment 5.3 Comments 



According to the National Energy Strategy the main directions are to increase the share of natural gas 

and local fuel in the balance of primary energy resources, to ensured safe operation and continuous 

implementation of the safety measures in the Ignalina NPP, to reduce emissions and to develop the 

taxation (emission trading) system. 

In April 2009, the Ministry of Environment, having studied the Environmental Impact Assessment 

Report, decided that the construction of the new Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant on the chosen site at 

the Drūks˘iai Lake is admissible in terms of its environmental impact. 

In Kruonis PSPP wastewater treatment facilities were installed and started operating in the territory 

of the power plant. The environment is not polluted by waste water. 


The government continues strongly to promote renewable energy production and energy saving 

measures to fulfil the Kyoto protocols. The contribution of renewable energies to the total consumption 

in 2008 in the public grid was as follows: 

Hydro: 2.5 % 

Wind: 1.3 % 

Photovoltaic: 0.4 % 

Biogas: 0.9 % 

Waste incineration: 0.8 % 

LATVIA (lv) 

There are no problems with the application of the Kyoto protocol for Latvia. The current level of 

emissions is low. The level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions per capita was less than 5 tonnes of CO 2 

equivalent average in 2008. The emissions of power plants are rather low. Natural gas is the main fuel 

in CHP plants. Therefore, we can say that almost all electricity generated in Latvia is “green”. 

POLAND (pl) 

Possibilities and methods for the reduction of air pollution emissions in Poland: 

1) Improvement in the efficiency of end-user consumption of electrical power and heating energy – 

technical solutions and education, 

2) Modification of the structure of fuel use, development of gas-based energy, 

3) Improved efficiency of energy generation processes: modernization of existing facilities, introduction 

of new technologies, development of dispersed energy generation and increases in associated 

generation, 

4) Development of renewable energy sources, 

5) Reduction “low emissions” by the household and communal sectors. 

One of the very important topic presented in the document “Energy Policy of Poland until 2030” 

is a reduction of the limiting environmental impact of the energy sector. 

Methods of reducing CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x emissions which will help to fulfill international obligations without 

any significant changes in the energy mix have been indicated owing to the obligations resulting from 

the climate package in the Energy Policy. 

For that purpose a management system for national ceilings on emission of greenhouse gases and 

other substances will be created and admissible product-specific emission indicators will be introduced. 

Obligations resulting from a new ETS Directive will be fulfilled and a system for administering proceeds 

from the auctions of CO 2 emission rights will be developed. A very important direction of activities will 

also be to support the development of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies (CCS).

Environment 5.3 Comments 

PORTUGAL (pt) 

Concerning the atmospheric emissions from electricity generation, the values up to 2008 are the ones 

observed for the public system power plants and are estimated values for CHP generation. 

For the future years, the values were calculated on the basis of emission coefficients established for 

planning purposes and forecasted thermal generation for average hydrological conditions. 

The reduction of the SO 2 emissions is linked to the reduction of the sulphur content in fuels, to the 

progressive decrease of the production of fuel oil plants together with the increase of generation based 

on combined cycle technology using natural gas and to the installation of SO 2 emissions abatement 

technologies in the existing coal plants. 

TURKEy (tr) 

Energy policy of Turkey is to provide energy supply in a reliable, sufficient and economic manner, 

regarding the targeted economic and social development and taking into account the environmental 

concerns. The main objective of the Turkish environmental policy is to protect and improve the 

environment within the framework of sustainable development. However, due to the considerably high 

financial burden of the environmental investments there are some difficulties for taking all the required 

measures in some existing power plants, particularly lignite-fired thermal power plants. 

The recent environmental studies are mostly concentrated on the issues related to the EU, particularly 

on the harmonization of legislation with the environmental acquis of EU, since Turkey is within the 

accession partnership. 

The other important issue is related to the Climate Change since Turkey has been party to the United 

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) in 2004. In this framework, Initial National 

Communication was prepared and submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat. These studies have been 

carried out under the responsibility of Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) in co-operation with 

the related sectors, including electricity sector. 



Early Power Statistics – 2009 

6.1 Installed capacity 

table 6.1.1 Total Installed Capacity (End 2009) 

The tables below display the generating capacity by primary energy in the 27 EU Member States, 

plus installed capacity in Switzerland, Norway and Turkey, in 2009. The capacity is expressed in MW. 

EU-27 


collected through external sources (please refer to the note on p. 68). 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 132,855 132,882 132,876 

Conventional Thermal MW 436,464 446,936 456,967 

Hydro Power MW 140,894 141,788 142,617 

Total Other Renewables MW 77,983 93,342 107,491 

of which Wind MW 55,394 63,611 74,335 

Total Capacity by Fuel MW 791,233 815,515 841,732 

Note: aggregated EU-27 numbers presented above may not include all EU countries. 

Therefore, they are to be considered as incomplete. 

AUSTRIA (at) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 0 0 0 




of which Wind MW 972 972 995 


BELGIUM (be) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 5,825 5,825 5,904 



Total Other Renewables MW 892 1,125 1,463 


Total Capacity by Fuel MW 16,360 16,758 17,302

Early Power Statistics 6.1 Installed capacity 


BULGARIA (bg) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 1,900 1,900 1,900 



Total Other Renewables MW 40 104 340 



CyPRUS (cy) 

2007 2008 2009 



Hydro Power MW 0 0 0 





2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 3,760 3,760 3,830 






GERMANy (de) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 20,470 20,470 20,470 






DENMARK (dk) 

2007 2008 2009 










ESTONIA (ee) 


2007 2008 2009 


Conventional Thermal MW 98 2,235 2,276 





SPAIN (es) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 7,419 7,419 7,419 






FINLAND (fi) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 2,671 2,700 2,646 






FRANCE (fr) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 63,260 63,300 63,130 







2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 10,979 10,979 10,966 








GREECE (gr) 

2007 2008 2009 





of which Wind MW 894 1,097 1,134 


HUNGARy (hu) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 1,799 1,822 1,822 






IRELAND (ie) 

2007 2008 2009 







ITALy (it) 

2007 2008 2009 








2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 1,183 1,183 1,183 











2007 2008 2009 


Conventional Thermal MW 490 498 498 





LATVIA (lv) 

2007 2008 2009 







MALTA (mt) 

2007 2008 2009 






Total Capacity by Fuel MW 571 571 571 


2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 510 510 510 






POLAND (pl) 

2007 2008 2009 









PORTUGAL (pt) 

2007 2008 2009 







ROMANIA (ro) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 1,300 1,300 1,400 






SWEDEN (se) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 9,063 8,938 9,342 






SLOVENIA (si) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 666 666 666 






SLOVAKIA (sk) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 2,050 2,110 1,688 











2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear MW 3,220 3,220 

Conventional Thermal MW 75 100 

Hydro Power MW 388 398 

Total Other Renewables MW 211 216 

of which Wind MW 12 12 

Total Capacity by Fuel MW 17,635 17,719 

NORWAy (no) 

2007 2008 2009 







TURKEy (tr) 

2007 2008 2009 







Early Power Statistics 

table 6.2.1 

EU-27 

6.2 Electricity Generation 

Electricity Generation (End 2009) 

The tables below present the annual electricity production by primary energy in the 27 EU Member 

States plus Switzerland, Norway and Turkeyin 2009. Electricity production is expressed in TWh. 


collected through external sources (please refer to the note on p. 114) 



(e.g. coal, oil and natural gas for fossil fuels fired, or run-of-river and pumped for hydropower) might 

not always take into account all EU-27 countries. Nonetheless, the figures still provide some good 

hints on the latest development of generating capacity and on expected future developments. 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 887 892.9 852.6 

Conventional Thermal TWh 1,769 1,738.6 1,616.9 

Hydro Power TWh 339.1 353.5 351.9 

Total Other Renewables TWh 195.8 226.0 245.7 

of which Wind TWh 100.7 116.2 128.7 

Total Capacity by Fuel TWh 3,208.4 3,219.9 3,071.9 



AUSTRIA (at) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 0 0 0 

Conventional Thermal TWh 20.2 20.7 20.0 




Total Capacity by Fuel TWh 63.0 65.3 67.1 

BELGIUM (be) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 48.2 45.6 47.2 






BULGARIA (bg) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 13.6 14.7 15.3 




of which Wind TWh 0 0.1 0.2 



Early Power Statistics 6.2 Electricity Generation 

table 6.2.1 Electricity Generation (End 2009) 

CyPRUS (cy) 


2007 2008 2009 



Hydro Power TWh 0 0 0 

Total Other Renewables TWh 0 0 0 

of which Wind TWh 0 0 0 



2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 24.6 26.6 27.2 






GERMANy (de) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 133.2 140.7 127.6 






DENMARK (dk) 

2007 2008 2009 



Hydro Power TWh 0 0 0.1 




ESTONIA (ee) 

2007 2008 2009 






Total Capacity by Fuel TWh 12.2 10.9 8.0



SPAIN (es) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 52.9 56.6 50.6 






FINLAND (fi) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 22.5 22.1 22.6 






FRANCE (fr) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 418.6 418.3 390.0 







2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 57.2 47.7 62.8 






GREECE (gr) 

2007 2008 2009 










HUNGARy (hu) 


2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 13.8 14.0 14.6 






IRELAND (ie) 

2007 2008 2009 





of which Wind TWh 1.8 2.3 


ITALy (it) 

2007 2008 2009 








2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 7.1 9.1 10.0 







2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 0 0 0.0 








LATVIA (lv) 

2007 2008 2009 




Total Other Renewables TWh 0 0.1 0.1 

of which Wind TWh 0 0.1 0.1 


MALTA (mt) 

2007 2008 2009 



Hydro Power TWh 0 0 0 

Total Other Renewables TWh 0 0 0 




2007 2008 2009 







POLAND (pl) 

2007 2008 2009 







PORTUGAL (pt) 

2007 2008 2009 










ROMANIA (ro) 


2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 7.1 10.3 11.8 



Total Other Renewables TWh 0 0 0.02 

of which Wind TWh 0 0 0.01 


SWEDEN (se) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 64.3 61.3 50.0 






SLOVENIA (si) 

2007 2008 2009 







SLOVAKIA (sk) 

2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 14.1 15.4 13.1 







2007 2008 2009 

Nuclear TWh 26.3 26.1 26.1 








NORWAy (no) 

2007 2008 2009 







TURKEy (tr) 

2007 2008 2009 








Early Power Statistics 

table 6.3.1 

EU-27 


6.3 Electricity Balances 

Electricity Balances (End 2009) 

The tables below give the electricity balances for each of the 27 EU Member States plus Switzerland, 

Norway and Turkey in 2009. In particular, they illustrate changes in demand patterns and make evident 

the slowdown experienced in 2009. 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -44.3 -41.9 -40.0 

Imports TWh - - - 

Exports TWh - - - 

Total Demand TWh 3,161.4 3,173.5 3,034.2 

Year-to-year Reduction % 0.4 -4.4 



AUSTRIA (at) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -3.0 -3.2 -4.0 

Imports TWh 21.8 19.6 19.5 

Exports TWh 15.9 15.0 18.8 

Total Demand TWh 65.9 66.7 64.0 


BELGIUM (be) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -1.7 -1.7 -1.8 

Imports TWh 15.8 17.2 9.5 

Exports TWh 9.0 6.6 11.3 


Year-to-year Reduction % -0.1 -7.0 

BULGARIA (bg) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -0.6 -0.7 -0.9 

Imports TWh 0.0 3.0 2.7 




CyPRUS (cy) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh 0 0 0 

Imports TWh 0 0 0 

Exports TWh 0 0 0 


Year-to-year Reduction % 4.2 2.0

Early Power Statistics 6.3 Electricity Balances 

table 6.3.1 Electricity Balances (End 2009) 


2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 


Exports TWh 26.4 20.0 22.2 



GERMANy (de) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -9.1 -7.9 -7.3 

Imports TWh 44.3 40.2 40.5 

Exports TWh 63.4 62.7 54.8 



DENMARK (dk) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh 0.0 0 

Imports TWh 10.4 12.7 11.2 

Exports TWh 11.4 11.3 11.7 


Year-to-year Reduction % 0 -5.8 

ESTONIA (ee) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh 0.0 0.0 0.0 





SPAIN (es) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -4.3 -3.7 -3.7 


Exports TWh 14.5 16.9 14.9 



FINLAND (fi) 

2007 2008 2009 


Imports TWh 15.4 16.1 15.5 







FRANCE (fr) 


2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -7.7 -6.6 -6.7 

Imports TWh 10.8 34.8 43.5 

Exports TWh 67.5 81.4 68.2 




2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -4.9 -5.1 -4.8 





GREECE (gr) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -1.1 -1.2 -0.4 





HUNGARy (hu) 

2007 2008 2009 


Imports TWh 14.7 13.3 11.0 




IRELAND (ie) 

Pumping TWh 

Imports TWh 

Exports TWh 

2007 2008 2009 



ITALy (it) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -7.7 -7.6 -5.7 

Imports TWh 48.9 43.4 46.5 



Year-to-year Reduction % -0.1 -6.5




2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -0.8 -0.8 -1.0 






2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 





LATVIA (lv) 

2007 2008 2009 






MALTA (mt) 

2007 2008 2009 


Imports TWh 0 0 0 

Exports TWh 0 0 0 




2007 2008 2009 


Imports TWh 23.1 24.9 15.5 




POLAND (pl) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 








PORTUGAL (pt) 


2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -0.5 -0.6 -0.9 





ROMANIA (ro) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -0.2 -0.1 0 

Imports TWh 4.0 2.6 1 

Exports TWh 6.1 7.0 3 


Year-to-year Reduction % 2.0 0 

SWEDEN (se) 

2007 2008 2009 


Imports TWh 16.1 12.8 16.4 

Exports TWh 14.7 14.7 11.7 



SLOVENIA (si) 

2007 2008 2009 


Imports TWh 6.1 6.2 6 

Exports TWh 5.9 7.8 9 



SLOVAKIA (sk) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 






2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -2.1 -2.5 -2.5 

Imports TWh 48.6 30.5 30.6 

Exports TWh 50.6 30.5 31.8 


Year-to-year Reduction % 4.4 -2.2



NORWAy (no) 

2007 2008 2009 

Pumping TWh -1.6 -1.6 -1.1 


Exports TWh 15.3 17.3 14.7 



TURKEy (tr) 

2007 2008 2009 








EURELECTRIC worked in close cooperation with a number of partners whose expertise and close involvement made 

this Power Statistics 2010 Report possible. 

NETWORK OF EXPERTS Statistics & Prospects: 

Christian Bantle (DE); Manuela Brea (ES); Christoph Buenger (CH); Giulio Cicoletti (IT); Janet Coley (GB); Christos 

Christodoulides (CY); Vincent Deblocq (BE); Maria De Lurdes Baia (PT); Barbara Dekleva Jencic (SI); Josef Dovala 

(SK); Roby Gengler (LU); Agnes Gerse (HU); Giorgiana Giosanu (RO); Michael Guldbaek Arentsen (DK); Steven Harlem 

(BE); Christian Hennerbichler (AT); Niina Honkasalo (FI); Antanas Jankauskas (LT); Dominik Lindner (AT); Birute˙ 

Linkevic˘iūte˙ (LT) ; Aquilino Lobo Panizo (ES); Donal Lucey (IE); Marios Moschovits (GR); Michael Nickel (DE); Zbigniew 

Pacek (PL); P. Penkov (BG); Vladimir Prochazka (CZ); Gulsun Sezgin (TR); Anders Sjogren (SE); Ingvar Solberg (NO); 

Timo Tatar (EE); Joseph Vassallo (MT); Berno Veldkamp (NL); Edijs Vesperis (LV); Taina Wilhems (FI) 

Special Thanks also goes to: 

Aysegul Bahayetmez (TR); Rémi Bussac (FR); Duncan Clarke (IE); Cicek.Cubukcu (TR); Stephen Douglas (IE); 

Anne-Marie Grech (MT); Raido Hallik (EE); Alois Hroch (SK); Niko Martinec (SI), Charalambos Menelaou (CY); Donagh 

O’Mahony (IE); Lisbeth Petersson (DK); Sas˘a Podlogar Z˘nidars˘ic (SI), Keteliina Toom (EE); 

Editorial Team: 

Gwyn Dolben (GB); Tomas Mueller (AT); Aquilino Lobo Panizo (ES); Andy Papageorgi (CY); David Porter (GB); 

Giuseppe Tribuzi (IT) 

EURELECTRIC Secretariat: 

Emma-Louise Bedford; Giuseppe Lorubio, Susanne Nies; Jeannette Pabst; Charlotte Renaud 

Please address all enquiries relating to Power Statistics 2010 to: Giuseppe Lorubio – glorubio@eurelectric.org and 

Charlotte Renaud – crenaud@eurelectric.org 

The data provided in Power Statistics 2010 Synopsis Report are based on estimates provided by EURELECTRIC’s Network 

of Experts on Statistics & Prospects. The figures may be considered as “best engineering estimates” and should be 

regarded as possible future trajectories only. While EURELECTRIC has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this 

report, no claims, expressed or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of its content. For any investment 

activity, further detailed analysis is recommended.

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