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T e c h n o l o g y a n d E n v i r o n m e n t EU Steel Industry Energy Consumption per Tonne of Finished Steel EU Steel Industry CO 2 Emissions per Tonne of Finished Steel 100 80 60 40 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999 Source: Eurostat 95.7 93.2 Energy Consumption CO2 Emissions Various policies and measures are being considered, nationally and at a European level, in order to implement the Kyoto commitments. EUROFER supports the idea of voluntary/negotiated agreements at a national level. Such agreements exist or are being renegotiated in six Member States (Germany, Finland, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the UK), and are being discussed in several others. In the recently issued “EU strategy for sustainable development” an all-encompassing EU energy tax regime to be adopted in 2004 with “full internalisation of external costs” and minimum tax rates indexed to inflation is announced. Although a (carbon) energy tax has been on the Council agenda for many years, agreement has not been reached. A carbon energy tax is quite inappropriate for the steel sector because it is unlikely to result in reduction of CO 2 emissions. Its effect on the industry would be to push up input costs, not reduce unit energy consumption. Production processes are already very energy efficient and further improvements would be very difficult to achieve economically. Consequently, a carbon energy tax would reduce funds available for investments and R&D for improvement of energy efficiency, and it would also open the probability of relocation of steel production to non-EU countries. 3-year moving average 54.1 51.4 39 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0
40 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 The main future contribution for CO 2 emission reduction by the steel industry, will be to use remaining potential in the process, to further develop the use of by-products and to work with its costumers to help design better, longer lasting, more energy- and material-efficient products. Recent developments in high strength steels have enabled customer industries to reduce the weight and improve the energy efficiency of steel-containing products such as passenger cars and civil engineering construction. Improvements in protective coatings, as in galvanised steel, have increased the life of many products. Spectacular weight reduction has been achieved in some sectors of the packaging industry. For example, the weight of a 33 cl. steel can body has decreased from 40 grams in 1973 to an average of 24 g in 2000. 33cl. Steel Can Body Weight in Europe Source:APEAL 40 grams in 1973 24 grams in 2000 The present statistics from Eurostat (the EU statistics office) are very useful for trend analysis. However, not all CO 2 emissions data are calculated in the same manner and with the same accuracy. EUROFER and IISI (the International Iron and Steel Institute), in close contacts with the European Commission, are developing a new uniform calculation method for CO 2 emissions for the steel industry. Nevertheless, it is very important that the present Eurostat statistics continue for some time for comparison reasons.
Page 1 and 2: EUROFER European Confederation of I
Page 3 and 4: Contents Introduction 7 General Eco
Page 5 and 6: General Economic Development The Eu
Page 7 and 8: 12 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 There was
Page 9 and 10: 14 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 Trade Bala
Page 11 and 12: 16 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 The very g
Page 13 and 14: 18 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 Stainless
Page 15 and 16: 20 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 Crude Stee
Page 17 and 18: Trade Policy Consumption The trade
Page 19 and 20: T r a d e P o l i c y Further consu
Page 21 and 22: 28 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 Scrap Unde
Page 23 and 24: Investments Investment expenditures
Page 25 and 26: Capacities (million tonnes) 200 175
Page 27 and 28: 36 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 Standards
Page 29: 38 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 Energy and
Page 33 and 34: 42 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 Water The
Page 35 and 36: 44 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 In additio
Page 37 and 38: Human Resources Evolution of Employ
Page 39 and 40: Statistics Steel Statistics after 2
Page 41 and 42: Communications Opinion Research Pro
Page 43 and 44: 58 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 MEMBERS Au
Page 45 and 46: 60 E U R O F E R 2 0 0 0 COMMITTEES

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