Hierarchical Techniques

Part 4
Hierarchical Techniques
Worlds-within-Worlds,
Cam/Cone Trees, ...
Dimensional Stacking (1/2)
Partitioning of the n-dim. attribute space in 2-dim.
subspace which are “stacked” into each other
Partitioning of the attribute value ranges into classes
Important attributes should be used on the outer levels
Adequate especially for data with ordinal attributes of low
cardinality
© Silvia Miksch
[LeBlance et al. 1990]
© Silvia Miksch
Hierarchical Techniques
Basic Idea
– Visualization of Data using a Hierarchical
Partitioning into Subspaces
Dimensional Stacking [LeBlance et al. 1990]
Worlds-within-Worlds [Feiner & Besherss 1990]
Treemaps [Shneiderman 1992;
Johnson, 1993]
Cone/Cam Trees [Robertson, Mackinlay,
Card 1991]
Ceops [Beaudoin et al., 1996]
InfoCube [Rekimoto & Green 1993]
Botanical Visualization [Kleiberg, van de Wetering
& van Wijk, 2001]
Dimensional Stacking (2/2)
© Silvia Miksch
[LeBlance et al. 1990]
© Silvia Miksch

Dimensional Stacking: Example
Gegeben:
– m-dimensionaler Merkmalsraum mit den Variablen V1 - Vm – Mächtigkeit der Wertebereiche gegeben durch die
Kardinalzahlen K1 - Km Vorgehen:
– Zwei beliebige, verschiedene Var. Vi,Vk spannen ein Ki*Kk Gitter
V i
Beispiel 1
K k
V k
K i
[LeBlance et al. 1990]
Variable: V 1-V 6
Kardinalzahlen:
K 1=4,K 2=2,K 3=2,K 4=3,K 5=3,K 6=2
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch
Dimensional Stacking: Example
V i
- rekursive Wiederholung innerhalb eines
Gitterelementes mit weiteren Variablenpaaren
K k
V k
K i
V n
Einführung einer Dummy-Variable bei 2n-1 Variablen
Beispiel 2
Variable: V 1 -V 6
Kard.zahl: K 1 =4,K 2 =2,K 3 =2,K 4 =3,K 5 =3,K 6 =2
Unterteilung P 1 (V 1 ,V 3 ),P 2 (V 4 ,V 5 ),P 3 (V 2 ,V 6 )
Dargestellte Kombination: 4,2,2,3,2,2
K m
V m
K n
...
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch

Funktionen auf Dim. Stacking
Ausgabe der
entsprechende Variablenwerte
Neue Definition
von Variablenpaaren
Häufigkeitsangaben
der Kombinationen
Worlds-within-Worlds
© Silvia Miksch
[Feiner & Besherss 1990]
Partitioning of the n-dim. Space into 3-dim. Subspace
Nested 3-dim coordinates
3-dim coordinate = one property
Selected points --> new coordinates‘ system
© Silvia Miksch
Dimensional Stacking
Tools:
- XmdvTool -> Win9X,Linux,IRIX...
Worlds-within-Worlds
© Silvia Miksch
[Feiner & Besherss 1990]
Complete
Representation
3-dim. Representation
no Overlapping
© Silvia Miksch

Functions: Worlds-within-Worlds
Units
Line Graph
Zoom
Data: Hierarchical
Trees
– ordered
– acyclical
– hierarchical
[Feiner & Besherss 1990]
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch
Treemap
Screen-Filling Methods
– Hierarchical partitioning of the screen depending on the
attribute values
Alternative Partitioning
– x- and y-dim of the Screen
Attributes - User-Defined
– for partitioning and their ordering
Color Correspond to Add. Attributes
Overview over
[Shneiderman 1992; Johnson, 1993]
– Large amount of hierch. data (e.g., file system)
– Data with multiple ordinal attributes (e.g., census data)
Horizontal vs. Vertical
Horizontal
– Corresponding
to Text
Vertical
– Traditional
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch

Standard Representations
Venn-
Diagram:
Treemaps: Layouts
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch
Treemaps: Venn-Diagr.
Nested Treemap
Examples: Treemaps
Treemap:
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch

Treemaps (cont.)
Treemap 3.0
http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap3/
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch
Treemap97 Software
http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemaps/treemap97.shtml
Cone Trees
Jerome Brown
Shaun Gittens
Chris North
[Robertson, Mackinlay, Card 1991]
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch

Cone Trees vs. Cam Trees
Vertical (Cone Tree) vs.
Horizontal (Cam Tree)
Cone Trees: Shadow, Projection
With/Without
Shadow
Parallel Proj.,
Perspective
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch
Cone Trees
Important:
Interaction!
Cone trees (cont.)
Alternative Layout
© Silvia Miksch
© Silvia Miksch

Cheops
[Beaudoin et al., 1996]
Botanical Visualization of Huge Hierarchies
Node and link
diagram
© Silvia Miksch
[Kleiberg, van de Wetering & van Wijk, 2001]
Result of dtree1.
© Silvia Miksch
InfoCube
[Rekimoto & Green 1993]
3 D Visualization of Hierarchical Data
Using Transparent Boxes
dtree1
© Silvia Miksch
[Kleiberg, van de Wetering & van Wijk, 2001]
© Silvia Miksch

Refinements
Final Model
[Kleiberg, van de Wetering & van Wijk, 2001]
© Silvia Miksch
[Kleiberg, van de Wetering & van Wijk, 2001]
© Silvia Miksch
Refinements
Final Model
[Kleiberg, van de Wetering & van Wijk, 2001]
© Silvia Miksch
[Kleiberg, van de Wetering & van Wijk, 2001]
© Silvia Miksch

Final Model
[Kleiberg, van de Wetering & van Wijk, 2001]
© Silvia Miksch