First Commercial Nanocomposite Nylon 6 from Toyota Central RD Property Changes NCH (5wt%) Nylon-6 Tensile Modulus (GPa) 2.1 1.1 Tensile Strength (MPa) 107 69 Heat Distortion Temp. ( o C) 145 65 Impact Strength (kJ/m 2 ) 2.8 2.3 Water Adsorption (%) 0.51 0.87 CTE (x,y) 6.3 x 10 -5 13 x 10 -5 Peak Heat Release Rate (kW/m 2 ) 378 1011 Okada et al. Mat. Sci. Eng. 1995, C3, 109. Gilman et al. SAMPE, May 1998 The clays are 1 nm in thickness <strong>and</strong> 100-500 nm in diameter
Review Articles (I) • “Polymer/layered silicate <strong>nanocomposites</strong>: a review from preparation to processing” Ray, S. S.; Okamoto, M. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003, 28, 1539-1641. • “Polymer nanocomposite foams” Lee, L. J.; Zeng, C.; Cao, X.; Han, X.; Shen, J.; Xu, G. Composites Science <strong>and</strong> Technology 2005, 65, 2344-2364. • “Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Carbon Nanotubes” Moniruzzaman, M.; Winey, K. I. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 5194-5205. • “Polymer/montmorillonite <strong>nanocomposites</strong> with improved thermal <strong>properties</strong> Part I. Factors influencing thermal stability <strong>and</strong> mechanisms of thermal stability improvement” Leszczynska, A.; Njuguna, J.; Pielichowski, K.; Banerjee, J. R. Thermochimca Acta 2007, 435, 75-96. • “Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for <strong>polymer</strong>ic <strong>nanocomposites</strong> (PNCs)” Utracki, L. A.; Sepehr, M.; Boccaleri, E. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2007, 18, 1-37. • “Bio<strong>nanocomposites</strong>: A New Concept of Ecological, Bioinspired, <strong>and</strong> Functional Hybrid Materials” Darder, M.; Ar<strong>and</strong>a, P.; Ruiz-Hitzky, E. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 1309-1319. • “Twenty Years of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites” Okada, A.; Usuki, A. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2007, 291, 1449-1476. • “Polymer Nanocomposites with Prescribed Morphology: Going beyond Nanoparticle-Filled Polymers” Vaia, R. A.; Maguire, J. F. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 2736-2751. • “Applications of hybrid organic-inorganic <strong>nanocomposites</strong>” Sanchez, C.; Julian, B.; Belleville, P.; Popall, M. J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 3559-3592. • “How Nano are Nanocomposites?” Schaefer, D. W.; Justice, R. S. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 8501- 8517. Alex Morgan, University of Dayton