Understanding Vaccines What They Are How They Work - VIOLIN
Understanding Vaccines What They Are How They Work - VIOLIN
Understanding Vaccines What They Are How They Work - VIOLIN
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<strong>They</strong> also could manufacture the antigen molecules from<br />
X using recombinant DNA technology. <strong>Vaccines</strong> produced<br />
this way are called recombinant subunit vaccines. Such a<br />
vaccine has been made for the hepatitis B virus. Scientists<br />
inserted hepatitis B genes that code for important antigens<br />
into common baker’s yeast. The yeast then produced the<br />
antigens, which the scientists collected and purified for use<br />
in the vaccine. Research is also continuing on a recombinant<br />
subunit vaccine against hepatitis C virus.<br />
Toxoid <strong>Vaccines</strong><br />
Because our imaginary bacterium X secretes a toxin, or<br />
harmful chemical, a toxoid vaccine might work against<br />
it. These vaccines are used when a bacterial toxin is the<br />
main cause of illness. Scientists have found they can<br />
inactivate toxins by treating them with formalin, a solution<br />
of formaldehyde and sterilized water. Such “detoxified”<br />
toxins, called toxoids, are safe for use in vaccines.<br />
Harmless toxoid molecules (artist’s representation) are used in<br />
toxoid vaccines to immunize and protect people against harmful<br />
toxins secreted by some microbes.