Rondeletieae (Rubiaceae): Part I (Rustia, Tresanthera ... - CNCFlora

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16 Flora Neotropica Stevensia Poit. was described by Pierre Antoine is exceptional in having 2-seeded pseudosamaras. Poiteau (1804). Since then, several species have been Future flowering collections will shed light on the added and this genus is currently represented by nine identity and systematic relationships of this taxon. species endemic to Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Liogier (1995) recently published an updated de- The Simira Group scription of Stevensia and a key to all the species. Acrosynanthus Urb. was described by Urban Simira was established by Aublet (1775), and (1913) as a monotypic genus with 6-merous flowers. Sickingia by Willdenow (1801), with Sickingia Additional species described by other authors and erythroxylon Willd. and Sickingia longifolia Willd. himself (Standley, 1918; Urban, 1923; Howard & Baillon (1879) wrongly reduced Sickingia to a sub- Proctor, 1958) proved that this taxon has 4-5(-6)genus of Chimarrhis (see Excluded Species in the merous flowers. treatment of Chimarrhis, below). Bremekamp (1954a) convincingly demonstrated that Sickingia and Simira are congeneric, and transferred the two Willdenowian The Augusta Group species to Simira. Steyermark (1972), following Lindenia was described by Bentham (1841), and Bremekamp's conclusion, transferred all the South a detailed account of the taxonomic history and mono- American species of Sickingia to Simira. Bremekamp graphic treatment of this taxon was published by Dar- (1966) also separated Simira from the Rondeletieae win (1976). Augusta was established by Pohl (1828- because of the morphology and insertion of its seeds, 1829), under which he described five species endemic establishing the tribe Simireae. Robbrecht (1988) into Brazil. The complex taxonomic history of the Bra- cluded the tribe Simireae in the Rondeletieae but a few zilian taxa of Augusta has been summarized by years later (Robbrecht, 1993) reestablished the tribe. Delprete (1997a), who treated Pohl's five species as In the current treatment the Simireae are included in synonyms ofAugusta longifolia (Spreng.) Rehder. On the Rondeletieae according to a cladistic analysis usthe basis of its rheophytic habit, fruit dehiscence, and ing morphological characters (Delprete, 1996d). Reinflorescence position and architecture, Kirkbride cent accounts of Simira from selected Brazilian states (1997b) included this taxon in Augusta, as subgen. were published by Peixoto (1981, 1982) and Barbosa Lindenia. Kirkbride attributed the differences in the and Peixoto (1989). floral morphology of the two taxa to a pollination Flexanthera was established by Rusby (1927). In syndrome. With Kirkbride's inclusion, Augusta is the protologue he stated that Flexanthera is "allied to represented by four species of rheophytic shrubs dis- Rustia [but without discussing their similarities],... tributed in Central America, Brazil, and islands of the from which it differs in its smaller flowers, reflexed South Pacific (Fiji and New Caledonia). and recurved dehiscent anthers [poricidal in Rustia] and deciduous calyx-limb and in the character of the Eosanthe placentae." Standley (1930a, 1931b) transferred the two known species of Flexanthera to Sickingia (Ron- Eosanthe was established by Urban (1923), who deletieae) without further comments, and Steyermark related it to Phyllomelia. Eosanthe is a monotypic (1972) transferred the species of Sickingia to Simira. genus endemic to the serpentine soils of Sierra de Flexantherafragrans Rusby and F. subcordata Rusby Cristal, Cuba (Borhidi, 1991; Delprete, 1999a). Its 4- are synonyms with Simirafragrans (Rusby) Steyerm. lobed persistent calyx functions in a similar manner and Simira cordifolia (J. D. Hook.) Steyerm., respecas the pterophyllous rotate calyx of Phyllomelia but, tively, and Flexanthera is synonymous with Simira. because of its general habit (small multi-stemmed The monotypic Exandra Standl. was described by shrubs; cf. Borhidi, 1991), ridged corolla tube and Standley (1923). This taxon was later treated by thick-coriaceous leaves, Eosanthe resembles Schmidt- Steyermark (1972) as congeneric with Simira, to which ottia (Catesbaeeae sensu Delprete, 1996d). On the it was transferred as S. rhodoclada (Standl.) Steyerm. other hand, the sheathing stipules, axillary inflores- The monotypic Holtonia Standl. was established cences, persistent 4-lobed calyx, filaments not by Standley (1932) with a species that he previously connated to the corolla tube, and 2-seeded indehiscent described in Sickingia (S. myriantha; Standley, fruits of Eosanthe resemble those of Phialanthus 1930a). He suggested that Holtonia is closely related (Chiococceae sensu Delprete, 1996d). In conclusion, to Chimarrhis and therefore belonged in the Condabecause of its resemblance to both Schmidtottia and mineeae (sensu Hooker). Holtonia has recently been Phialanthus, Eosanthe is here tentatively placed in the transferred to Elaeagia (Burger & Taylor, 1993) and Catesbaeeae-Chiococceae-complex, within which it a new combination [E. myriantha (Standl.) C. M.
Introduction to the Rondeletieae 17 Taylor & Hammel] created, a decision with which I subglobose), both characters of little taxonomic sigagree. The suggested relationship with Chimarrhis nificance. General evidence strongly suggests that the (Standley, 1932) was appropriate, and corresponds to two taxa are congeneric, but the two species of my idea (Delprete, 1996b) that Elaeagia and Bathysa Pteridocalyx are known only from single flowering are closely related to Chimarrhis. specimens. Their mature fruits are unknown, and Wernhamia (Moore, 1922), traditionally placed in therefore fruiting collections are necessary to confirm the Cinchoneae and transferred to the Condamineeae their identity. Due to its probable synonymy with by Andersson and Persson (1991), has recently been Pteridocalyx, Neobertiera is not included in the key synonymized with Simira by Delprete and Nee (1997). to neotropical Rondeletieae given below. The taxa Wernhamia boliviensis S. Moore and Simira catappifolia (Standl.) Steyerm. are synonyms of Standleya and Bradea Simira macrocrater (K. Schum.) Steyerm. Blandibractea (Wernham, 1917), after careful The Brazilian endemics Standleya Brade and morphological comparison, was also treated as con- Bradea Standl. are closely related, and both belong generic with Simira by Delprete (1998c), B. to the Hedyotideae. They are similar in having tetbrasiliensis being synonymous with S. glaziovii (K. ramerous flowers, campanulate corollas, stamens in- Schum.) Steyerm. serted about the middle of the corolla tube, linear to ovate calyx lobes, few-seeded capsules, and ovoid seeds attached to a stalked The placenta. Standleya was Sipanea Group listed in the Rondeletieae by Robbrecht (1988, 1993) Limnosipanea, Sipanea, and Steyermarkia were and Delprete (1996d), and Bradea in the Hedyotideae transferred by Bremekamp (1934) from the Rondele- by Robbrecht (1988, 1993). Standleya differs from tieae to his newly founded tribe Sipaneeae. The only Bradea in having herbaceous habit (vs. subfruticose) morphological element that makes Sipanea and and unwinged seeds with tuberculate testa (vs. shal- Limnosipanea exceptional within the Rondeletieae is lowly winged with smooth testa). The tribal delimitheir herbaceous habit. Sipaneopsis and Neobertiera tation of the Hedyotideae, and their supposed relation- Wernham have habits that range from herbaceous (10 ships with the Rondeletieae are still uncertain, and cm tall) to subfrutescent (to 2-4 m tall), and could be need to be carefully analyzed. interpreted as the phylogenetic links between the Sipaneeae and the Rondeletieae s.str. Robbrecht Eizia (1988, 1993) maintained the Sipaneeae provisionally separate from the Rondeletieae because of their her- Eizia was listed by Delprete (1996d) in the Ronbaceous habit. In agreement with Verdcourt (1958) deletieae, but Lorence and Dwyer's (1988) observaand Steyermark (1974), the tribe Sipaneeae is here tions and recent personal studies have convinced me included in a broad circumscription of the Rondele- that this monotypic genus is better placed in the tieae. Hamelieae. Neobertiera and Pteridocalyx Pinckneya The monotypic Neobertiera was described by Pinckneya (Richard, 1803) is a monotypic genus Wernham (1917), who erroneously stated that its fruits endemic to the southwestern United States. It is the were berries and placed it in the Hamelieae. only North American genus included in the Rondele- Steyermark (1967: 289-290) corrected Wernham's tieae. Two Brazilian species, P. rubescens Allemao errors, declaring that the fruits of Neobertiera are & Saldanha and P. viridiflora Allemao & Saldanha, many-seeded capsules, and transferred the genus to were attributed to Pinckneya (Allemao & Saldanha da the Rondeletieae. The similarities between Gama, in Saldanha da Gama, 1872), and a third Bra- Neobertiera and Pteridocalyx Wernham (1911, 1913) zilian species, P. erubescens, was added to this geare striking, both having dichasial-cymose inflores- nus by Glaziou [in herb.]. Schumann (1888) transcences terminating in monochasial branchlets, con- ferred the Allemao & Saldanha species to Sickingia torted corolla aestivation, many-seeded capsules, [as S. rubra (Martius) K. Schum. and S. viridiflora subglobose seeds with reticulate exotesta, and both (Allemao & Saldanha) K. Schum.], and synonymized coming from low-elevation Guyanan rain forests; the Glaziou species under S. glaziovii K. Schum. Pteridocalyx differs from Neobertiera by the presence Steyermark (1972) transferred these three species to of calycophylls and by narrow, elongated fruits (vs. Simira, as S. glaziovii (K. Schum.) Steyerm., S. rubra
Page 1 and 2: Organization for Flora Neotropica R
Page 3 and 4: Flora Neotropica Published for Orga
Page 5 and 6: Rondeletieae (Rubiaceae)-Part I (Ru
Page 7 and 8: Introduction to the Rondeletieae 3
Page 19: Molopanthera 1 Br Seasonal and Atla
Page 27 and 28: Introduction to the Neotropical Gen
Page 61 and 62: Systematic Treatment of the Genera
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Systematic Treatment of the Genera
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Literature Cited 203 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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Literature Cited205 . 1997a. Revisi
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Literature Cited 207 Orsted, A. S.
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Numerical List of Taxa209 Waha, M.
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List of Exsiccatae211 Chavez-Alfaro
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List of Exsiccatae213 Howell, J. T.
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List of Exsiccatae 215 Plowman, T.
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Nomenclatural List 217 Zanoni, T. &
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Nomenclatural List 219 N. shaferi S
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Index of Scientific Names 221 INDEX
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Index of Scientific Names 223 [Hame
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Index of Scientific Names 225 parae
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Rondeletieae (Rubiaceae): Part I (Rustia, Tresanthera ... - CNCFlora

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