Ming Dynasty Ottoman Empire - JonesHistory.net
Ming Dynasty Ottoman Empire - JonesHistory.net
Ming Dynasty Ottoman Empire - JonesHistory.net
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<strong>Ming</strong> <strong>Dynasty</strong><br />
<strong>Ottoman</strong> <strong>Empire</strong>
● Yuan overthrown 1368<br />
● new leader takes title<br />
<strong>Ming</strong> Hong Wu (<strong>Ming</strong><br />
Martial Emperor)<br />
● <strong>Ming</strong> = "bright"<br />
● lasts until 1644<br />
● Foreign policy<br />
– Period of expansion<br />
– peace with northern<br />
tribes<br />
– strengthen Great Wall<br />
<strong>Ming</strong> <strong>Dynasty</strong>
● Grand Secretariat<br />
● Imperial Eunuchs vs<br />
Literati<br />
● Domestic Policy<br />
– schools<br />
– new crops<br />
– Grand Canal<br />
renovated<br />
– Amazing internal road<br />
system<br />
● communication<br />
● trade<br />
<strong>Ming</strong>
● "one of the greatest<br />
eras of orderly<br />
government and<br />
social stability in<br />
human history"<br />
● <strong>Ming</strong> Hong Wu dies<br />
– Yong Le = emperor<br />
(son) after<br />
defeating Hong<br />
Wu's grandson<br />
<strong>Ming</strong> <strong>Dynasty</strong>
● Imperial City =<br />
Beijing<br />
● 1406 begun<br />
<strong>Ming</strong> <strong>Dynasty</strong>
● Muslim eunuch admiral<br />
● tribute fleet<br />
Voyages of Zeng He<br />
● huge ships (Could fit five<br />
of Columbus' Santa<br />
Maria's in one ship)<br />
● 7 voyages, hugely<br />
profitable<br />
● profit = suspicion!<br />
Merchants = low<br />
● Did they reach south<br />
America in 1421? Hmmm..
First Contacts with West<br />
● 1514 Portuguese<br />
● These<br />
"barbarians" =<br />
younger brothers<br />
of the "Son of<br />
Heaven"<br />
● Christian<br />
missionaries<br />
– Jesuits<br />
– eyeglasses
● internal struggles for<br />
power<br />
● high taxes<br />
● peasant revolts<br />
● bad weather =<br />
declining crops<br />
● epidemic 1630s<br />
● Revolt - Li Zicheng -<br />
only to be defeated<br />
by the Manchus 1644<br />
Fall of the <strong>Ming</strong>
Europeans<br />
● printing; books<br />
● Confucianism<br />
● architecture<br />
Early benefits from Cultural<br />
Exchange<br />
● tea, silk, porcelain<br />
Chinese<br />
● clocks<br />
● eyeglasses<br />
● silver<br />
● cotton
Limiting European Contact<br />
● <strong>Ming</strong>: Portuguese traders habitation<br />
& trade limited to Guangzhou, then<br />
Macao
<strong>Ottoman</strong>s
• Late 1200s<br />
• Osman<br />
• Muslim<br />
• Gazi<br />
• Turkey, Byzantine<br />
– Constantinople 1453<br />
– Syria<br />
– Palestine<br />
– Egypt<br />
– Mesopotamia<br />
– North Africa<br />
Osman
Osman and the Turks<br />
~2min<br />
Gather 2 facts about Osman and the rise of<br />
the Turks.
Osman
• Viziers<br />
• Janissary<br />
• Elite infantry<br />
• <strong>Ottoman</strong>s – first to<br />
develop<br />
gunpowder as<br />
weaponry<br />
effectively<br />
Janissary
Janissary – Elite Warrior<br />
~2min<br />
What makes them so unstoppable?<br />
Who would win in a fight between Janissaries<br />
and Mongols?
Janissary
Suleiman I .. The Magnificent<br />
• “sultan”<br />
• Suleiman I<br />
• 1500s<br />
• Brilliant general<br />
• Builder<br />
– Schools<br />
– Mosques
Suleiman the Magnificent<br />
~17min<br />
Hero or Villain?
• “Kunan”<br />
• Law code<br />
– “The<br />
Lawgiver”<br />
• Bureacracy<br />
• Basis for<br />
other<br />
nations’<br />
constitutions<br />
later<br />
Sulieman
Government Tolerant<br />
Tolerant of religions<br />
… to a point<br />
Islam = dominant<br />
Jews<br />
Christians – orthodox<br />
Christians – Roman<br />
Catholic
Cultural Diffusion<br />
• Borrow much from<br />
Byzantine, Persian,<br />
Arab cultures
“Sick Old Man of Europe”<br />
• 18th century<br />
decline<br />
• 19th century<br />
effort to imitate<br />
Western Europe<br />
• WW I – end of<br />
<strong>Ottoman</strong><br />
– So that’s late 13th<br />
century to early<br />
20th century!
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