Study of Human Kinematics in a Rolled-Over Automobile

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ol'trry
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A raquanc! of t sta rst cofduct d f-t! boil e !\ll-rcrl'r durly rDd
. '!L;r-Frr old, cblld,r dlry !.Factrnlln3 occuprnta. t!. rotlo of t!. dt-
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rad tlrr rrloartl,oa cE .IblntJ.oa o! ,-!Jurios! obJ.ctt.
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.rr 1n'cbl.r of Dtot ctLq t!. €oryrEtr of nbta]... lttr !....!.h aci,G
b{ FtLr.d L$El7 d.t rhl,d tr..l' dDEtart t tb.t rPFcLrt 17 ft d
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o!}tlftl o! rr r UJrr?' pro(boi.ot rcoLd.at rrt !.qrolrrd Lo . roll-flra Vp.
ot r.oloBt. 1!.!._ drt c.lIrJ,y dnoa.alnt t!|,t Ur. ro:I-6|G E?. o!
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1!. rutoDblL. d.rt! lrt ou Ur. lD'tc.! bt5bnyr pcalrt Ew F
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Fr 't|'. D.rp1t th. d.t r!d..ud .ltqr!| of lr.ry rFD.l.r t ctt drE E iha
a!$.! cf rEt@b1J, rscld.ntr, tha raaosd o! Iorf.! rtill ooalLalrrr
t. dlrrltrotrr .ft.ctr of ac€!y'.jrta orn ba ,rbrta.atf -11t !|dload b'7
$son-aS tb. d.rta ot tA. r.Llc]. ltr.ll. lb bEl.L o! t!. |ntd3blL
rocld.ntr occur tdth LFrct @..dr of lro Eh or brg. C'|lb rrf.tt ttlldl,.r
brt t-Dd:lcrt d tlrt th. bqrr! bo6r cu b. p::ot ot d lrer Ort! or rc{orr
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o.!,rrhL tbr't, L! roqurt .ltqrt rr!. rFDl|d to tb plobLr o! dbndut
tb .ff.sta of rBtoDb!.. (a.rh.r, t!. l-EJr|}t rd d..i,b lrt rtat b. rtb
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r. ltrt rLtlvr prbrb{rrt, of h.|,d, Lprct, to tlat co?6E!
b. ttrr rrLtin .r!gr ol lJprct tflu.lo.d b,r rtt!'E b .d poriEr.
of t!. bo+ rt th. L!rt nt ot Lprot (thr ttfs!. 29)
o. lt. lrLtht j.ajErt pot ntld ot tb. oqoDrtt ra ,-!flico.d b'
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llt trat p!o8trr! oond&t d rt Co!'l.lL .nrbLd E! tc a.'rrr! b.rlcdl]'
tjlala quarttoar!
r. lb.!. a!| tha o€cupratr o! |ll rutoEblL rrl"-lJ7 L rt8lLa rbG r
ora & & r r!l|-lna ritlhrdt?
b. Yb.! rr.. ttr porturu, ur. rtt1t .d., |Itd tb. tUat p.t! dlr.ot16s
lrLllvt to tb rut@bllo boer rt tb. lrrtr.at o! btrl irp.ct?
I! prflrt !r l.afrE--!l.af tb. rotlo! of bot! tb. oosqltE! .,*r tla
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porrllJ'.. th{. rthod of rpplo&b 1' aot oa\r co..dbgfy oryl.r but
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t Fortrnt Lu th.lt .ffrctr on t}I! l:lJr'|tlc! of thc bodt u!&r !oll-or.!
con4Lt16r. Ma Lafonet.|oa 1! prrt.Dt d b Trbl.r I rrd 2 r.!p.ctLv.V.
lb. dltalbuttoa of th. n1g!t of ..ob of t!. bo{r prlt 1r r'|'?srfd t6
plsportloD.t V dEpucrt t.| roDt of i-Drtl| of t},. lrrFctl!| p.rt ol
tb hc! bo€. fb. o.Bt ! of ErlyfF tocrttD! ot .rcb rJos Evr.ag Dl.*t
..bo drplb.t . thr rotrrel buE&u bodlr. ltrFEJ|r !.rt.'r!.sl to :!t tl-oa of
t!. bory prrtr rboct tb JoLot s.a b. drplla.t d ty nsyr-t tb Jcl.Et'
tllbtlrrt bt u 3dJrutEt ol ttr. tr-lrtl,oa rrtb.!.. lhr &drr nrr rdJut-
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l.rt vrhl.oL I
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|Jlt Dbl.L 1r rbor! rtt r lDdlJlcrtJ,o l.8 llg5t 2. D. p.rtta.lo d,!Jlc|-
tlo!! to tb c.r bo{Z rn llrtrd bel*r
1. AOy th. p$!.nt r co4rrblnt rrr ulfd ra tAlt fuMalrd tJrr Fq[l!r-
rrBta lor th. loJ.l-orr! Prolrrr. th. of tL ou bo{f ooly, LrPi th. n18bt
to I l{n{-l'r, tlnrr :tdrclnt Ur. po||r! r.qrlJ.d fsr drlvL{ lA. aLrrlrtar.
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tb !|t.rlo! o! tb o.' b€€ ra! Dot cbrrtrd L! |rof rru.r. Al tt r tEb
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r Lr.r8r conc!.t footlag vhlch d.qurllv arppctr tlc lordlag durj.o3 t!.
lo).llrrg rct16 of thr crr body.
lh. grourd yrr cc&rt d b.h'| a tb tfo !ocu-!t!, (tt.fr| 2,) t
l8ot:ld. FU cLenar td !o L.op ttr ro!l!a3 r€tlo! of th. o|' botz to r
d.d.E h.tsbt.
?. l rtrrcttrr|.r1 .ti.{ld frrr tor natt4 tlr o|' boQi nr roart*totrc
b.t'r.a tl,. ko l|!3r tna trbfrg (f,fgorr lr). ltlr rIEd-Ere tt|r nr Eaad
.r tb p)rt{(Er !c ttt ahrEt ol tb ors bo6r. $. rttrcbst rtloa ,.r
d.radlad .L.6.!. !-r t'hl, !.port
l. trro ls3r pLtrr ran rlt cb.d to tlr ad o! th. !o!L-o"rr plrtler, pr*
rldllr3 lor tD. bo rotl G.r, (ttgtEc lr). t... lr4r p)rttr b.v. tr! ..t
ot rt'lttln! bo].! !o rJ..ld t,b. Fotl .dJ !o b. tbjJt d,, t!E, ttpnr.ltll3
tlrtt', tL coEt o! pol-Et o! tlr tlsrr rttb tfr Ffild .d rcodl ihr r.rJl
r'{. oo{ric1r'lit vlth th. iEt ! o! frratt of th. ^6?lrta
rutobllro
lr. ttl pcrr Edt for d!1n og th! ,.-,t.[ rrr !-eo:2o:lird f-Eto tt. b.r{
ltocl d tlr irlln t bJ-, (Xt8un 5). ftr pmr Elt rr! d.r!{Dd to drll}c
r r.td.!! ol :,orm ft. lbr. of tdtfu. t tA. !!!L-ovr! pht3clr t rtl'oh th.
o|l bo{r na Eultad. Slr toaqr:r ru r]!!Loi.!t to r.oll tAr o.! bo4r t l!.
90 Ogrr porltLG t! L.r ut.B oD r.cod. l, r.Dt coatrol bor F€7f.d.4
..
UD !.Orra4r ooatao:-r fc' cp.niL!t ur loll-ortr r{Fr-tc,.
lb pac Edt coDrlrt d, of!
r) l, rrru ..r e brl! bcrpout! ..L!rt*1,! rtor opntfaj oa ll0
t ltr l.C. .t @ L!J.
.
b) tr ortFt ol tt. .:rotal! Dto! n. oopLd tb.aa I lrlt {r{i
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to r :rrp !1nrhrrl. $a jtrr rrtlo betrccn tbr rlactrlc rtor .Jed tb
!$vfrI nr e. to c.. tbt, rllorrd tbr flwh..I to op6.lt rt r r*-
ol J!@ r.p.n.
o) ttr ottnt d ti. alri..l n tba oeLd tlrsqb . rl!.tb
olEt4h riLb r.gr3rd . ibr. LdJtrt Vr. ol tcurd.rrloa. tbr rrjrt& ol,rtc!
bd d.(J!.t .lrotfr.orl ooruol t r|r7 tb t !qr. rfFlf.d f. tb t!|!r-
daalo! ettar, t!!r oo't rolltr,t tl. t riu. rppltad t tb rol}ovrr ,:rtic,rr.
llrotcts.J, oontrl .' tib. rtLtL .ht ! prd.d r|oodd 1s 0.6tsr!U.Ef tb
trt d rlll o! i!. ..t bcdt
C) foc '.t ot Fr! rplooE t pro7l.d.d rLdr ootsEl cC t!. s.t U{
DLtfct.r !.1 rrt!.c ct 1O-20-tO ort !O r.D.r. l, r1(b ,rr!.t16 of slU t€rqr.
r|r P. ,!t d bt r|$?l.Et tb c dLutlo ot lA. rtDt{o olrio! rrd tb
!.p.!. d to pLtforr.
r) 1 njartl.o btrfr Foil.d.d fut rt ttq oC lt !.!t.ot|! ,!.rL-
tcr. tb bi,fd-a3 t..tlr ru rEtoLtlo, lr Foo .r tb ol,nto! rl!e4r3r

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r.dEtl6 o! !h. ll-rLtlc brbrylce qf t!. oqow|.at brld. tb c.^! bot.
St ubrl e.a3b o! tb. lst t!-o3 cer bodl dtn FlrtJ.crbl'p t tb.
3Fo!.Ed rr! Focei.d bl ur oqrr. ltb nr |.oqll,rb.d t|' ocrtlrl.t!{ r
lr{r DFotE otc tod sltd.O t!. ttolt rbd.U.:.d b v!., ot tb crr:r,
(PI3u'. 2).
elt. pr. !oI! rtt!,hd. ru l,nrrrtr Ftrd lca. roU-c.r tVD. d
oilh d!rL{ tt{r trrt pb.a. of t&. p'ot!r!. !b.!.fo!r, t!. E a o, 6& Ga
q|I!r to oo?.! r rt*.tLd ptr.r to trocd t!. rot!,G o! tbr drldrr rltlb
th. orr boCt rr| roqu.lr.d.
$. r.aacltr of tb! P|tts!,Lr, curr rrrr st a!oa.arr[! :lrt p!oi.&
laf artr. tb trrt r|!sr brv. b..a .dltad !-q tf. lqr o, r |bptt !..1 of
DttG pr.6tD,n..
l a.od orDlr, Elt d to a t!.lpod lsetrd oa tr jroorf oor:d
tb oqbtt fl.ld o! v!.r of tb rolJ..srrr rLurlrtor. y.$? UttJ. drt
rrJ'.tlrt to a,6t!,oaa o! tbr dr-lrt ultr.r t!. 6rr n3 lasr:ld.d b, tnb
cr.Dr.. Brd,o.qt t!L! oalrr !.cs!d.d tt. or.!r,U aot16 of tbr rolLorrr
a!.u,lrtc rd os bo6r.
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ti rrr lraogds.d .t t!. br3lrntrg a! tb prolru tArt tL p.t|rt !,
coatrolllq tar rtloa d I r^tr{'r3 orr rt!. ErErFst |!d La cd:.art!.o! nlt
.xtr.rv co4lc. lt. rtd. vrrlritoa ot tL.a Frarta'' ola r.rEl! i-a a
dn rJJt LatLd,tr rul.tJ.e Lr tb. tLul Dtts abrr. t dru,or o, tb.
ctcbll'r |rd 6 olpr.Elr rttbl&
gc.rr!, r-.r{n tloa of tl. fo!o.. dd,o! o.s elfrot ttr ldncttor of
tha oooEprst of ra .EloblL dlrsta r rolb.rvar attltnrb, ooqbd rlt! oor
Cl(brtloa o! $r oooupratr r ttLtlrt poaltlrq to t!. Lnt !r,or parta d tta
?.trlola .d tla lrtr.!| o! tla coE! tt?ar o! loll.,orrr Dcldaata rrt ,as.Fd
to Errrr dorlr t!. t..rd-aSlJ 11& t|,att ot eoDdl'tLa, ,oluE|, o! d.trtt {,
. tt[dt.
1!r toll-onr t rt plo3rl! rrr ooadrct d ud.! Lbo!.t tZ oG'taou.d,
sodttl,oar. DurLag tl1r trrt po3'el, n .rrlrd r ood,lE oa rt llbf !o
"ttast r.ltl |lrotl.r obJ.ot brd b..! r..!tJrd. l!.rafo!r, Do .8.!gr lorr rrr
F.cortd bt llttlEt r ro!!d obJ.ot tloh hlJd brrr o.rr.d cLcrlrr
.t*1roh!rl drljr to tla aa,r.
r? nr drold.d t ..Drnt tb bsto rolll.a3 rtloa lDto !o dlrtt^Et
.t trr. 1!. flrri rtqr lEbdrd tb ,.dtul 9O &tner o! t!. lquLaf
&rtl,cB ot tl. .nt-btL. fi1, Lor,tfr.f tO d.frtr ot !o:l !.Dr...!t d t.ba
tl,!. ootrt .t polst rtth $. Fo!.d .r t!. loll rdf, (Et!s. ?.)
ta r.od itr.. d t!. !orr{n3 rstcbllr Ba io !. o€&atad tlc
$. 90 d!3!.. roll pori,tt 6 EBtll t!. ro:lllt rott6 o! ttr o.'r !.tl .topp.C.
Da iooDd phx. of ro:.!!af rou:d rrgd.n I r.prrt r.t of !d1tlca. 1ia
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t]r. f!-rrt phr!. f!o! !.!o to g0 d.F...r !olJ, rttltuda ot t!| o|' body nr
tar tad.
.ladfrtr of t5r pru'f DobrlLor ot r!.BlablL .rt btt b.d tlrt
tJ. !!.Dr! yllocC,ty o! EtLo! Eat pfoduc. ra ra3slrs rrlod.tr l^E od.r to
FodE!. . FU.q odd1u,6 ot trb. .BtDb!l.. b 0l!.r ror{r1 tlr rntc-
btlr obrt[.r ltor . pus. affdflt bo{t to r roD,$3 8". rb.al. lir oodl-
i!.8 nt ti ,.llurtrrt d tt. c.r ar..{rl r !d.nf!, rtr1ts.ag r crrt |!d thG
ra)lLEt s"!r. l :a4. rltlrf.r rnorbrrti,oa ro!'ld ba t! .tt ot !c rpprd,-
rt ]' tb. Ctltt tO (b3!..r o! tb 1d,t!rl r.oU:f!t ot ii. orr.
l,otlrrl t rta ol rEtoEb!,Lr b.L!3 rollrd s'.! at alc'qd Lrtl rtra
oottEot d, bt ttl. o.!|!ll l{otprt Cor?qrrtlo. l{otlorr piclur. ftl'r ot tt.r.
trrtr rrvrrld tl. p!!-fo:l Dtlo! to br r oorbtart!,oa of I lla.3r rnd I
rot tl,on Di1on rbat r rtrilcrl |Ilr. :ttr,r rotl,on cont!:ord ta tlfrot untll
tlrr crr rlld I ld.yrtt rad tll.n rtnt lnto r roLL rbout . briront l ulr ld{6h
nt Ur. tlra cont ot polnt rlur th. grouJ:d. Drltn8 !h. njorttI of tb. t rtr,
tlr rolJ..!4 cer urdr o[ lartbtl,on or Iur.
lr1ttr tb. roll-orrr rll|l'lat€! la r noru.l rttltoda, tla durd..a Itra
P:rc.d Lu t!. troot '..t od tlr .Et DbtL to r ps.d.t rdJ|d ...t!.!t
urujllat. Da oar body tor r1'l t aia rrr !€ll.d la r oleH'|. dllrctloa
(fooEa3 l6rrd).
1!. b.rdr ol tL drd,.. rr GtrlLd to dd l! (l.trtzllir.lC tli. roturl
L*.ct Fo!.st of tla drd..r to ttb. ,.at r1or of tA. rEtaDbtL. tt ob.ltLsS
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h:rd.t td-Ld totlua rrlu.r ytla r.Lct d !o! boti thr n3ntlr cLntcb
rlirfrlflilmiffiinnmffi
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C]:ilr.r frilfrfiiutilfunuuflf,illi
rnd brrb. ttrr torqur !.tilngr contaollad !h6 opcartlng ohrnctrrl,stlcr ot
tlt Fl]-oTtr d,anLtor. 1!. lllretlon ot totlu. vrlucc dlc.cd r rldr r nlr
of lljl.nt16 b.hryis! prtt rn! of ihc duad,cr.
Alt t tJ|. dulEl.r r.!. proporly ),ert d ln t]le prr..rl3or oolP.ttlat of
t'!. |lrtoDbu., tfr tl'lf4 dool rra rtrrttd rnd Ur. tl,ood lltbt tu*-!.t oa.
lllrrlt rou.\r, thr rtar yrr rt rt d ta d!fl tlt. flyirtl t rtt La r?..d
Prlc to tll. rt rrht r b.r-aa .rolt d !-ot . rol.l Dtl.o!, srd t!. bt.tb rp..d
orDtlr hri. brcr$! up to 3p..d. It.a th. !lf*t..l rtt La.d prp.r rp..d,
tt li.b.tlo .DrO? urr tsr! i,tt d bt .narf.rat ot t!. rl tio cluid t
tlr tr..ur{.alo! Orrt r ${ob, ln tura, drllrrrrd tb pnbtcrtatd tcrqar
t€ tll rot tll|g phtfcr.
lltrr ibr rolllaa or,r body brd oo4].t d 1t !.qutr.d rot tl6, tb
rut Etl,s blrts nf grt r rt ppad, tb. dlqrLtor.
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tha toD,ortat d^t nla r.c(!d.d tor c|'cb tast trat
e. ltr rol! .-t - (t1$ oont|c! Irolut).
b. Dury rretLl3 locrtlcn.
o. Duitv n!t!r{'!{.3 drrlcr (rlttr or rttho!,t rlt beltr).
d. 5{61.tor !.p.t. r.ttLat.
.. Boll tottu. |.ttLo3 (nprtlc cbtoh).
!. Ert totlu. t.ttlat (r,3rrt!'o breb ) .
Itt. lollovlat drt rt!. ploous.d fso! tL bl!!-rpaad, E ta oalr|rr
.. lh. prt! ot Etlo! ot tb du,El.r l-olld. tb. oer body &n-!. tL
rolL-orrr rttltr.L.
b. 1!. h..d !.prct potat.
c. 1t r.Dd. |t|d rttliEd. of tlr b..d .d bo+ .t tb t.r ol llrot.
d. ltra r.loc1tt of tlr. lrrrd lrLtly! to tt. er8 rt' t!. LE trat of
!trll(1n8.
.. IjrfuJrr !.lcltt blrtorT of ibr rolJJa3 orr boc.
Ot!.! partirlt d.t rllo obt tJ|d rrlr r
l.
IDltL.l b..d !.p.ot potnt (chrlr rurE4).
llnr]. rrrtb3 porltl,oa of &.E1.!.
loUd.la u. tib. !.ruli. o! tbr l3 t tt tnar tict rrn oo.dlct d rdlt
tlr roll-qtrr rtl|Jlrt r, (nfrrnr ! tfEou3h 2l). llr od1u6 o! ..3b t rt
ad ccErlt nlrllvr t th. !.r[ltr of arch t tl rt. Plraalt d La l&:. fEI.
lrlrrraor b rd. t tbr Clrgurtlc .d t"rpht'o.l Pnraitrtios o! tb Olt
25
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drt coEtrta.d br!.ln, r L5 l.n. fl.Iu her b..n prorld.d ot tr. du-,rrr
&tlon durht th.r rLlrlrt d t oll-o"rr c onll,tl oru.
D. lllr 1| ooTo..d ot tlr. tl,o-EttoD ttb rhsyLaS t!. d.t fbd
rollo! o! tb d,uEd..r, td' ttb. Enl-spacd D!l'o! plotrrrtr rhorlj|3 t!.
oyrr-rli rolJJ-q rc'tloo o! t!. o|' bo€.
26
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HISTORY
FIRST 90'OF ROLL
ROLL AXIS . TIRE
cor{TAcT PO|?{T
ORIVER
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TIME - SECONOS
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ioLL lxt! - flRE
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TIME - SECONOS
FIGURE II.
30
RUN NO. .]
OIAORATNXATIC TIXE
l{r3T0RY
FIRST 90' OF ROLL
ROLL AXIS -TIRE
coNTlcT Potr{f
WITHOUT 3€AT BIL'
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otAcRALrrATtc Trtc
t{rs?oRY
FIRST 90'OF ROLL
ROLL AXIS - TIRE
coflTAcT ForilT
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U'ITI{OUf 3CA? IELT
TIME. SECONDS
FIGURE t3
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DIAGRATTTATIC TIIE
HISTORY
FTRST 9OOOF ROLL
ROLL AXIS - TIRE
CONTACT POIIIT
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TIME - SECONOS
FrouRE t6
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ROLL IXt3- TIRE
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TtrE
HlsToRY
FIRST 90' OF iOLL
ROLL AXIS- YIRE
COilTACT POINT
t.o
TIME - SECONOS
FIGURE I8,
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TITE HIITORY
FIRST IO. OF ROLL
ROLL lXt3 - ttRE
cox?lcT FOilIT
DBIVER
WITHOUT SEAT BELT
CHILD
I{I?HOUT SEAT EELT
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FIGURE 20,
Ruil xo t.l.
OIAGRAT|.ATIC TlXE
HISTORY
FIRSI 90' OF FOLL
ROLL ATIS - TIRE
cor{T^cT POriT
Eryf,!.
WTrHOUT
SEAT BELI
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CONTACT POI}IT
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FIGURE 22
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olacRAtlrlTtc T|lrE
t{lsToRY
FIRST TO' OF Rq,L
ROLL AXIS -
TIRE GOTTTACT
SSAT BELT
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FIGURE 23.
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90' OF ROLL
AXtS - ltRE
COXTACT FONI
WITHOUT SEAT EELT
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lb. rctlon of ur. bu!r|! occuprnt t.l'thln tfr |lrtoDbiL !r, b. b.st
ttudl.d bt r.!.!.rc. ta tlr dJrgrrnrtlc tLr bbtan? rrcor{ for e'cb t rt
s'!4 (fltrrtrr E tlrao 2j). Eannrr cartrla !,tc hrr ob..nq rlal trt
rrErlr.d b.I,fl!
e. lt tlr l*tr &:Culr., rolJ, rrlocltbr tb du=l', sr tjrctrd
(rrLtlvr io th otr), ro tAr! tb, roll, L! tb r..D d!..s.ou,o!
.r tb. !o!U.ot crr, (g.. ftutt atr). tblr.oilo! tr trr t|rlrlt
of tL ilrvlt ttonrl !o'c. coeomn! oE ti. d@1.r trr1a3 3rrrtrr
tbra tA. t rg.ntLl, fcc. rppllrd durlnt t). lqtlLa3 ratl.ca.
b. lt tlr b,tth.r lngur! !o!L vr:Locltl. t!. dtr.El..r rn rJrctrrl to
tll. opporlt d!$cu.oa to Ur. ro.r I .t ng crs, (It3un Z5). ftfr
tctl'on b tl|. rtrult .Bt ot botb th. t^aFnttrl fo!o. (|rFd) .d
th. lorr,l lceco (HFoa) rctlr8 oa t.b. dual.a, (ffgu.!r 26).
lh1s cbrn8! !,! 4lsacu.on r.utl'y. t tb crr ooeurr rt, .Itrrod,-
nrtrg 2.7 !td{ri- p.r rcond (orr loU,rlrolt]r rt tb 9Cp
potot) .
o. !i.. llfur. 2E fc b..d !-pr€t yllocl.t rt r|sloqa sra lolJ.Lat
trl€1tLr. Sr.. drtr lLlnstcrtrr Uut tA. b..d LFrct, v.lelbr
l, tr..tlJr rllrctrd bt t,L leru.oa o! tl. o€cF..at {i-rd. t!.
G|r bof. lbr reatl!.n dur{n3 tb ld, !o:l r.locl,tl.r (brla
2.? rrr{.i- plr r.c@d) yrr proJ.et d to t}. det, 11(b o! tb.
cr,t, ld tcr hLlh.r loLl vrl,eltdlr rrr pro-Jtotrd to tla Lrt
rlda of tI. olr. th. Iovlr cu rotllag ilocltLr nrtJ,tad LE
hlgh.r b.rd lrArc t rtlocltb! bccrur. th. ocoup|lt brd |, St rt !
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SUCCESSIVE R€^R VIEWS OF ROLLTNG CAR
st{owrNG xtnEMATtcs oF A HAiltxill
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SEAT SELT
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ORIYER. fiT}rOUT SEAT SELT
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FIGURE 26
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ry
Tof,OuE (oppllrrrl t Wi slrg s foC
TA]|GCI{TIAL FORCE r Mic
tlORIlL FoRcE r lJl'r US'
xlllETlc EIIERGY OF LOTlON, X.E. '
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RiJN NO. 5
SUCCESS]VE REAR VIEIIS OF ROLLII{G CAR
sHowtff(t xlw€MATtcs oF A HANtxrr
DR IVER WITH S €AT BELT
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rn ror t !t! yr t! b.rt tla oocrp*tr| b.rd rt',rat !b. crr !oo!.
E-.rr!, on& r tr.Ll p.F.at d tlr totr.I .Dcgr o, tb bodJr
ooEtrlbtt d to tb bld bLc.
.l port carrb .:.-1^-t1o! o! tt t{i.r rrsu.Df porltt..! ot tb.
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o! lhrpa, thr.D on l*rt d ln rrr .rrr rrllch 1r n "r! b1l tst tb brd rvol
ilouSh lt nt br?. rn lrir.rrv l.tt:d, !htp..
f,l.l|rtlc! ol tb. ecuDrtrt
lr tJr tir trcts! d.rcllb.d rbo,rr, tb. rG.r of rrlr rar. to lLi,trd
to8 r trt ttrtlrtlcrl d.fb1t16 o! tb. rttllEd. .n1 ."tlr o! tb. bo€.t
tb. irut nt ot b.rd Le|,ot. Bof,'tr, tb. dtt r.trlcb r.!r obt Lrd dI f*
tLd. r r!r7 vdl|'b:. $dd. !.E rl!|. pFdtctloDr !|:rtlr| t t!.r. lrot 13.
1!r t4odrrlor ol tblr eajb-rttltad. trotor oraaot tr drrrttF.r..d lor
Fra.rnob ri tb Con.LL l.roButl,cr-1 bbor3tor7 b., tEtlo.t d ttr! tA.
P.tc.Bt lr o! thr totrl badtr .a.rEr rucb 1, rrcrlrrd b Ua b.d blr 1r
r|t7 ttcoas\7 r t!.aotl,oa ot tL t!tlE!. .n4 ..tb o! t!. boo '.htlvr to
tla obJ.ct ltrusk, 8,.f.!.8. 3.
f,h.tlct of t]i. occEprnt
tll d.tr obtrln d LE tb t rtr !.port d b.r.La.so .lro valBblt tAt!
latp.ct to drtardrd-ag tfa fd.Dtl'c chr: ctarbtdcr (ler-;r r3 to!c. |!d rarr
ftctorr) of tt. occupurt. lh. tl,D-Dtloa hlrtott drtr crn b. !.d!..d to
t1rt r v.locltt of lp|ci oop6r.nt DFrl to tb !nr!rc. o! obJ.ot rdlcb tb
b.d hrt !tr'!4L. lbr. drt , coupl.d yilh |a ..tLu,t of tb t r€.!t 8. of
th. totrl bodt cl'rEr coEtltbntJ-a8 to t!. blor, yltl rlJ.* thr LT.ct .Et!r
o! ttr. h..d blfl t b. €dcu:.rt d. La E pL of tb lrrrlt ot t!'tr ttpo o!
odrELtJ,o! 1! Fr.!.nt d b.ld.
lfc Elau!. L3 (Rrur fo. 6) tlr. ddrrr. r b.rd., b.!cF. Lf.ct, Dr..
rpprcd-rtrlV E tlrbar l-u 0.1 ot r aroond. Dlt !.!'!ftr8t aa Lprct r|lo-
c!.tt of 5.57 icct prr rroord. !! rr r!3lr!! r $O poruA drlrrr, tir L4rot
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,
r{'-tlo D.!Fr - Z/Z nu r (vrloclf)Z r p.!c.Bt of tot l
BoO Dl.rE| rb.ort d by thr bard
n . #
th. h..d blor.
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!h. ruus| 2E lor tbl FFo.st{t ot tf. boq7 .lrrEf ocBtatbt!-a3 to
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IMPACT
BI.OWS
AS INFTUENCED BY BODY ATIITUDE
AND ANGIE OFIMPACT
SURFACE
I r Alelr ol hloct Svrlccr
fo tlleht ?orh cl rhr ltrod
flourE 29
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?b. l.ultJ|l t!!.lrd-Dtloa cbrrrct r.,'lt1cr of ttrr occuptat or8 b. p!r-
4totd dnrlig r rol-l-cnrr rccldant 1t tt loUlrg rrleltt of tb rrhloL
,, Ba.
tb f,fttt 9O drgrrrr ot r rl:lr8 rlh1eLr drtr:rLrr t!. dlllgtlotr oC
ntloa (rrhtlrr to tb or') rd bcrd l-F.ct potot fot t!. oooF|.uta.
BoLL-cFrr t !t! hrrr pr.oduc.cl r d.fLtrl,t rrd d.lLorb1. ,dtlrl hl,t
Potlo for tlr oocnprutr. ft ny b. d.!LDd tst r istlo{ trs a.€to!,
otr! t}|r h.rd, .:rt tdltg lron tho 1.tt rlcb t tb. r13bt .i.d. d tL
rtbd,clr. th. |,DauJ|r loll rrl€1tt ol t!. rth1cl. cbtrrd.rr l-a rbrt
r.tDn! of thlt rrc th. occ!:pGrt !i.rl}r! b1r brd.
For F:.r| roll Dt1oa, th. lnt :.!,or cop|jcttnt lornsd of llO ocorp|rttr
& not !rp!|!.Et r !.rlour LoJE? pot ntl^I.
I! | roIL rccid.nt, tb d^rl,y!r rlIL lnrn.rbbv rrcrlrr r pot trtirllt
l!Ju::l,olu blw to tb h..d rErbst th. ! ld. or roo! of tb r.h1c1..
Foti-t.ol! rccldrni ardJrrtlon o! thr vahl,cl,r |rrd occuprttr urudv lt |D
l, ! rdtqurt Dtlod ot cbtr'ld-nlltg tb lrlJur7 prtt m.
g.rt b.It!, rh.a prop.rly lliltrlldr |Jr rrlr![\/ !!f.ctlr| L! rcblrd.Dt
boo rtsrLnt, rhfub 6-!t gr.rtJ.t r.duc. tL porllu,ll'tt of rrlsur b..d
l.a$rry lJr r roll.orrr &cld.at. S.rt b.lt€ gtv. tb. rrquld f.rt rrl
awPoat to tb bodt fo! | ro]-l-orlr rcctdant.
[lS!t-tP..d photolrrphLc Fcord Brv! r corrlgc rrcotr| o! i,b Etlo!
cb$rct rlrtler of tb roturg vllrlc].u rnd occrpurta.
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?ha fouorfjlg rec6Dtdrtlotts ar. b.!.d, on r foll-orr! brF q!
l. lb rLd.! rDd roof o! th. !,ai.rtor of !b ors bodt rlpd.d br
p.rld.d to Fdlc. i}r.l'! taJutT poirntlrl. l{.thodr ol r.&s{ { LqJE?
pot nt!.1 o! crLtlcrl LFrct pot ctr lboJ.d b. lnrrrt{ettd.
2. BoO rratrrtallg drylc6! lucb rr rtr! brltll put!-ort ptB:J,
orrth b3rr, rtc.l rhor:Jd, !|tc!ll'! prlt&ulrr rttaltla LB tba tlurla daalt!
ol rstcbll. $frty Lu r.hllonrhl'p to ttr. loll-ottr !t?. ot .ocld.!ta.
3. Rclcrrch !hoq.I4 b. lldtht d !o d.t t1d.n tb 1nJury pot DtLl
of vrrtour t)?rr of loof constnrctlon. tha body rnd !oo! darlg! cr! p!o-
vld! h.o .xtra slf?gurtrir rgrl,nst thc cr:r roof co!!rpd.n3. llrrt, tra
doorr shdrld rar !r Ltcb.d urdr! s€r/lrr body dtrlortl.o! tlur, ptodlLqt
ur! p.ssrnBrr corgrrtiTEt vlttr nrxLuun bor tJtr. ltEngth. gccond, rn
rurlllrly roof, cuppo:-tirg attirctun, or roll-svcl ltnrctnt.r -rdht ba ddad
io ti. nolnd foot shlll. 1ba locrtJ.on of thr to eu*11J.rr7 ttroctlrrl
Dtrrs drould. ba rppr:ca.htalt rbova the hcr& of tlont rd rur ru!
occuPuir raspccu.rcly. l;trcss rrl8\y! 1s of tJ|c co!&latJ.oq of o[tar
roof eld! rnd roll-ofr! b.rr tldlcst ! tlrt tha loot lbo(rld rqpFtt
rPFro!.n!.lif 3j| tf.rr tll. y.lght of tJrG c|r vl.thout lrc..dlng tlc tbl,.t
Dolntr (RrfrrtEr tr). $r llgurar 29 erd JO for Ulr rtnrctrsrl d.!ta of
tjl. p.!t!!€rrr! conp..rtant !o! t}l. Conrcll-t.lbertr Sdrtt Crr.
lr. Conrld.lttlon llldrld ba glv.n to tl!. !!d.!lg! o! tb rt..rLa3
ttlaal rld polt to r.du.. th.lr bJur? pot ntirl.
riil ffi l[ ulu {ffi fr u m lf,llil'
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5. Vcfrfc:ls of th. rop.n t4'pp.d,t clttt rucb rt tD. c6!rtrtl!1. rd
tb Jc.p, pbc6 thrk occrgrntt 1Jr rn sittlttly hrzrr{ou! Porllton ln r m1b
cytr tt?. rccldlDt. In arch ll!\tcbs )rp bolt r.!trau!t8 d.ytc.t rosld
rftord !!ttl or no Frot ctldr t th. oocup..nta. 1€r prot otlo LE ropG
topFdr rthlc]..r coo.sldrrrtlon lhouJd b. glrta t r ro!L{'rt b|'r fttrrater!
thrt ylll rffod occer8tr prst.ctloE lJr r toll-orr! a.olbt. lBb a
rtrstu'lr u.! d.rlEDd fDd t !t d fd r Ei.llt t.'ir rbl'cb. Eat !.8. 3
F.!.Dt r roll brr rtrr|lur. crprbl, ot :uppo:-i,l,q i!. r.{bt ot |rl orG-
tu$.dr op.n topprd r!bl& rolLb3 .r.r r,t lr0 rphr t&4, rlfotdl.al DD
lrrr:Jr o! prtactloB tce nblrL eolpr.Dtr.
6. Altrough ra rpgrrcLbl,o p.rcrDt{. d rrrl]rbl t!.od! rut t t{
tll d.l'.lqptlnt of tlr c+elurtrl .qElfat .'-r t c.blqu. (t&!, LE ltr:tt
tr not drt productlvr) ib. !.qortrncr of tjtl! lrctor rbdd aot br trnd.
lut|rr! .rprrl-Eltr.l t ltlrt utlllrlng tJl. t.D.q3jputrt rad trchdqo r, ora
nor b! cotdrct d rttb ut-nLo:n .xp.ldltr.tF of fi&fr. ft It utlctP.t d tb.t
$r!tll.r t st1n8 rrlll, prcrt Elt ulrful, botlr to l.grtttl|rt r rld.t r8r ol
rolllng ritliud.s |nd go rpFof-t st' rry Ddlfb.t1oD! o! Otl|tr cbrr|ta
tncotporrt d rs r r!!ul! of tld,3 rnd other ltt.rrch Ptoltrr!! !a tbt tLrltt ot
rutprbtL srf.F. S.. flgurc 3I rrd 32 lhorljl8 t!. roLl{tt ECbl,
.Fct d !(F otbr a[gtrrt d. t st coaftgu$tLoDr.
iflrintffi fr
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