Study of Human Kinematics in a Rolled-Over Automobile
Study of Human Kinematics in a Rolled-Over Automobile
Study of Human Kinematics in a Rolled-Over Automobile
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Itt. lollovlat drt rt!. ploous.d fso! tL bl!!-rpaad, E ta oalr|rr<br />
.. lh. prt! ot Etlo! ot tb du,El.r l-olld. tb. oer body &n-!. tL<br />
rolL-orrr rttltr.L.<br />
b. 1!. h..d !.prct potat.<br />
c. 1t r.Dd. |t|d rttliEd. <strong>of</strong> tlr b..d .d bo+ .t tb t.r ol llrot.<br />
d. ltra r.loc1tt <strong>of</strong> tlr. lrrrd lrLtly! to tt. er8 rt' t!. LE trat <strong>of</strong><br />
!trll(1n8.<br />
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l.<br />
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llnr]. rrrtb3 porltl,oa <strong>of</strong> &.E1.!.<br />
loUd.la u. tib. !.ruli. o! tbr l3 t tt tnar tict rrn oo.dlct d rdlt<br />
tlr roll-qtrr rtl|Jlrt r, (nfrrnr ! tfEou3h 2l). llr od1u6 o! ..3b t rt<br />
ad ccErlt nlrllvr t th. !.r[ltr <strong>of</strong> arch t tl rt. Plraalt d La l&:. fEI.<br />
lrlrrraor b rd. t tbr Clrgurtlc .d t"rpht'o.l Pnraitrtios o! tb Olt<br />
25<br />
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drt coEtrta.d br!.ln, r L5 l.n. fl.Iu her b..n prorld.d ot tr. du-,rrr<br />
&tlon durht th.r rLlrlrt d t oll-o"rr c onll,tl oru.<br />
D. lllr 1| ooTo..d ot tlr. tl,o-EttoD ttb rhsyLaS t!. d.t fbd<br />
rollo! o! tb d,uEd..r, td' ttb. Enl-spacd D!l'o! plotrrrtr rhorlj|3 t!.<br />
oyrr-rli rolJJ-q rc'tloo o! t!. o|' bo€.<br />
26<br />
Hud2ik v. Ford 0005'10<br />
ffimmil|m[[[mu||l<br />
ooooot 4s7<br />
9
6<br />
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LJ<br />
G I<br />
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// ROLL<br />
DIRE;TION<br />
I L<br />
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,<br />
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fiudzik v, Ford<br />
ffimiltil|muI<br />
MMil<br />
p<br />
? noilT 3gAT<br />
TtMt - sEcoN0s<br />
FtouRE 8.<br />
000511 !1<br />
t \<br />
RUN !g L<br />
DIAGRAMTATlC TITE<br />
lilsToRY<br />
FIRST 9OO OF ROLL<br />
ROLL AXIS - TIRE<br />
cor{tAcT POrnT<br />
DRIVEB.<br />
WITI{OUT 3EAT !ELT3<br />
-<br />
\./
ti<br />
r|J<br />
lrl<br />
G (9<br />
g I<br />
o<br />
c<br />
I<br />
2t, ROLL<br />
ECTIO<br />
r-'{atr I t_<br />
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I<br />
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1'<br />
? I<br />
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ORIVEta<br />
g \<br />
I ROTIT38p.,"<br />
Eg! No. 2<br />
OIASRAIMATIC ?IIE<br />
HISTORY<br />
FIRST 90'OF ROLL<br />
ROLL AXIS . TIRE<br />
cor{TAcT PO|?{T<br />
ORIVER<br />
WITH SEAT IELT<br />
TIME - SECONOS<br />
/t0ufrE t.<br />
iiflffilfliuiffifruumtfifiiiI ooooo | 489<br />
\,<br />
I<br />
I
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+1<br />
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FROIT 3E/t<br />
t.0<br />
ltME - SEC0NOS<br />
Floung t0<br />
Run<br />
lql<br />
OIAGRAI|TATIC TtTE<br />
]ilsToRY<br />
FIRST 96r OF ROLL<br />
ioLL lxt! - flRE<br />
cor{t^c? ?otxt<br />
ORIVER<br />
wtTr{ouT te^? IELT<br />
\.1<br />
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ECTTOi ll ll AT<br />
sEc.<br />
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r Lo'<br />
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n- F *.J<br />
TIME - SECONOS<br />
FIGURE II.<br />
30<br />
RUN NO. .]<br />
OIAORATNXATIC TIXE<br />
l{r3T0RY<br />
FIRST 90' OF ROLL<br />
ROLL AXIS -TIRE<br />
coNTlcT Potr{f<br />
WITHOUT 3€AT BIL'<br />
cljl.q<br />
WITHOT'T SEAT lEtT<br />
fludzik v. Ford 000511<br />
ffi|frmffitmfrmImfiufrl<br />
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o
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TIME - SECONDS<br />
FIGURE 12.<br />
Rur{ !9.. l|<br />
otAcRALrrATtc Trtc<br />
t{rs?oRY<br />
FIRST 90'OF ROLL<br />
ROLL AXIS - TIRE<br />
c<strong>of</strong>lTAcT ForilT<br />
DRIVE R<br />
WITH SEAT BELT<br />
CHILD<br />
WITI{OUT SEAT BELT<br />
1l<br />
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tz<br />
RUN dg S<br />
0rA6RAl{tA?lC ?lXE<br />
r{ T3TORY<br />
FIRST 90' OF ROIJ<br />
ROLL AXIS -TIRE<br />
-<br />
),<br />
(<br />
c<strong>of</strong>{llct PolilT<br />
S#f;tt sE^r BEL'<br />
)..<br />
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r c.<br />
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ln ul<br />
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80<br />
lo<br />
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1<br />
LO<br />
1, ROLL<br />
rEcTro{<br />
G lo I<br />
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TIHE- SECONDS<br />
FIOURE I'r<br />
RUil nO. I<br />
DII6RAilTATIO TIXE<br />
r{r 3 T oiY<br />
FIRST 90' OF ROLL<br />
ROLL AX|S - trRE<br />
col{tacT Polit<br />
SEA? IELT<br />
33<br />
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80<br />
70<br />
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50<br />
40<br />
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LO<br />
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OIAORAT{I TIC TIIE<br />
HISTORY<br />
FriST 90.OF pLL<br />
ROLL AXIS - ?IRE<br />
cor{TAcT PO$rT<br />
WITI{ SEAT IELT<br />
!!lt-o,<br />
U'ITI{OUf 3CA? IELT<br />
TIME. SECONDS<br />
FIGURE t3<br />
SFtI<br />
!- - rllrfrlflilmlffifrnrmrfiffiiil<br />
Hrdzik v<br />
3t<br />
-<br />
\./
El].u.Eq !9,<br />
DIAGRATTTATIC TIIE<br />
HISTORY<br />
FTRST 9OOOF ROLL<br />
ROLL AXIS - TIRE<br />
CONTACT POIIIT<br />
ORTVER<br />
WITI{OU' SEAT SELT<br />
.gul.e.<br />
TXITHOUT SEAT IELT<br />
t.o<br />
TIME - SECONOS<br />
FrouRE t6<br />
35<br />
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tt<br />
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c 19<br />
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a<br />
.5 1.0<br />
TIME. SECONDS<br />
Fr0uRt, 17<br />
E!J-U llt.ll<br />
DtAoR XrrlTlc tltE<br />
r{l9toRY<br />
FIRgT 9O' OF iOLL<br />
ROLL IXt3- TIRE<br />
@flTrc? P(It{?<br />
$39E!9EB<br />
wrTl{out 3E T EELT<br />
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80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
a<br />
RUil !9.t3orAoiAxxATtc<br />
TtrE<br />
HlsToRY<br />
FIRST 90' OF iOLL<br />
ROLL AXIS- YIRE<br />
COilTACT POINT<br />
t.o<br />
TIME - SECONOS<br />
FIGURE I8,<br />
rtrrufrirrirffiuwwlmfr,ffifi<br />
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icnor{<br />
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FtcuRe 19.<br />
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Rur t{o. t5<br />
a0RlrxlTtc<br />
TITE HIITORY<br />
FIRST IO. OF ROLL<br />
ROLL lXt3 - ttRE<br />
cox?lcT FOilIT<br />
DBIVER<br />
WITHOUT SEAT BELT<br />
CHILD<br />
I{I?HOUT SEAT EELT<br />
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It<br />
g<br />
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to<br />
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6o<br />
50<br />
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HIT<br />
t.o<br />
TtfrE - SECON0S<br />
FIGURE 20,<br />
Ruil xo t.l.<br />
OIAGRAT|.ATIC TlXE<br />
HISTORY<br />
FIRSI 90' OF FOLL<br />
ROLL ATIS - TIRE<br />
cor{T^cT POriT<br />
Eryf,!.<br />
WTrHOUT<br />
SEAT BELI<br />
CHILD<br />
WITITOUT 3EAT !EL'<br />
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39<br />
I
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80<br />
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ul<br />
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t.O<br />
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FtouRE 2 | .<br />
DIAOiAXilAflC ttlE<br />
FIRST 'O. OF ROLL<br />
ROLL AXts - TtiE<br />
CONTACT POI}IT<br />
c|{tLD<br />
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80<br />
70<br />
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Tl|rE - sEcot{0s<br />
FIGURE 22<br />
RU{rt xo. t7<br />
olacRAtlrlTtc T|lrE<br />
t{lsToRY<br />
FIRST TO' OF Rq,L<br />
ROLL AXIS -<br />
TIRE GOTTTACT<br />
SSAT BELT<br />
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TIHE - SECONOS<br />
FIGURE 23.<br />
Es.d<br />
0ra0RAl{l lc lrHE<br />
l{rsToRY<br />
90' OF ROLL<br />
AXtS - ltRE<br />
COXTACT FONI<br />
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cr,t, ld tcr hLlh.r loLl vrl,eltdlr rrr pro-Jtotrd to tla Lrt<br />
rlda <strong>of</strong> tI. olr. th. Iovlr cu rotllag ilocltLr nrtJ,tad LE<br />
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st{owrNG xtnEMATtcs oF A HAiltxill<br />
ORIVER. WITHOUT<br />
SEAT SELT<br />
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RiJN NO. 5<br />
SUCCESS]VE REAR VIEIIS OF ROLLII{G CAR<br />
sHowtff(t xlw€MATtcs oF A HANtxrr<br />
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1!r t4odrrlor ol tblr eajb-rttltad. trotor oraaot tr drrrttF.r..d lor<br />
Fra.rnob ri tb Con.LL l.roButl,cr-1 bbor3tor7 b., tEtlo.t d ttr! tA.<br />
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tla obJ.ct ltrusk, 8,.f.!.8. 3.<br />
f,h.tlct <strong>of</strong> t]i. occEprnt<br />
tll d.tr obtrln d LE tb t rtr !.port d b.r.La.so .lro valBblt tAt!<br />
latp.ct to drtardrd-ag tfa fd.Dtl'c chr: ctarbtdcr (ler-;r r3 to!c. |!d rarr<br />
ftctorr) <strong>of</strong> tt. occupurt. lh. tl,D-Dtloa hlrtott drtr crn b. !.d!..d to<br />
t1rt r v.locltt <strong>of</strong> lp|ci oop6r.nt DFrl to tb !nr!rc. o! obJ.ot rdlcb tb<br />
b.d hrt !tr'!4L. lbr. drt , coupl.d yilh |a ..tLu,t <strong>of</strong> tb t r€.!t 8. <strong>of</strong><br />
th. totrl bodt cl'rEr coEtltbntJ-a8 to t!. blor, yltl rlJ.* thr LT.ct .Et!r<br />
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tb f,fttt 9O drgrrrr ot r rl:lr8 rlh1eLr drtr:rLrr t!. dlllgtlotr oC<br />
ntloa (rrhtlrr to tb or') rd bcrd l-F.ct potot fot t!. oooF|.uta.<br />
BoLL-cFrr t !t! hrrr pr.oduc.cl r d.fLtrl,t rrd d.lLorb1. ,dtlrl hl,t<br />
Potlo for tlr oocnprutr. ft ny b. d.!LDd tst r istlo{ trs a.€to!,<br />
otr! t}|r h.rd, .:rt tdltg lron tho 1.tt rlcb t tb. r13bt .i.d. d tL<br />
rtbd,clr. th. |,DauJ|r loll rrl€1tt ol t!. rth1cl. cbtrrd.rr l-a rbrt<br />
r.tDn! <strong>of</strong> thlt rrc th. occ!:pGrt !i.rl}r! b1r brd.<br />
For F:.r| roll Dt1oa, th. lnt :.!,or cop|jcttnt lornsd <strong>of</strong> llO ocorp|rttr<br />
& not !rp!|!.Et r !.rlour LoJE? pot ntl^I.<br />
I! | roIL rccid.nt, tb d^rl,y!r rlIL lnrn.rbbv rrcrlrr r pot trtirllt<br />
l!Ju::l,olu blw to tb h..d rErbst th. ! ld. or roo! <strong>of</strong> tb r.h1c1..<br />
Foti-t.ol! rccldrni ardJrrtlon o! thr vahl,cl,r |rrd occuprttr urudv lt |D<br />
l, ! rdtqurt Dtlod ot cbtr'ld-nlltg tb lrlJur7 prtt m.<br />
g.rt b.It!, rh.a prop.rly lliltrlldr |Jr rrlr![\/ !!f.ctlr| L! rcblrd.Dt<br />
boo rtsrLnt, rhfub 6-!t gr.rtJ.t r.duc. tL porllu,ll'tt <strong>of</strong> rrlsur b..d<br />
l.a$rry lJr r roll.orrr &cld.at. S.rt b.lt€ gtv. tb. rrquld f.rt rrl<br />
awPoat to tb bodt fo! | ro]-l-orlr rcctdant.<br />
[lS!t-tP..d photolrrphLc Fcord Brv! r corrlgc rrcotr| o! i,b Etlo!<br />
cb$rct rlrtler <strong>of</strong> tb roturg vllrlc].u rnd occrpurta.<br />
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l. lb rLd.! rDd ro<strong>of</strong> o! th. !,ai.rtor <strong>of</strong> !b ors bodt rlpd.d br<br />
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pot nt!.1 o! crLtlcrl LFrct pot ctr lboJ.d b. lnrrrt{ettd.<br />
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orrth b3rr, rtc.l rhor:Jd, !|tc!ll'! prlt&ulrr rttaltla LB tba tlurla daalt!<br />
ol rstcbll. $frty Lu r.hllonrhl'p to ttr. loll-ottr !t?. ot .ocld.!ta.<br />
3. Rclcrrch !hoq.I4 b. lldtht d !o d.t t1d.n tb 1nJury pot DtLl<br />
<strong>of</strong> vrrtour t)?rr <strong>of</strong> lo<strong>of</strong> constnrctlon. tha body rnd !oo! darlg! cr! p!o-<br />
vld! h.o .xtra slf?gurtrir rgrl,nst thc cr:r ro<strong>of</strong> co!!rpd.n3. llrrt, tra<br />
doorr shdrld rar !r Ltcb.d urdr! s€r/lrr body dtrlortl.o! tlur, ptodlLqt<br />
ur! p.ssrnBrr corgrrtiTEt vlttr nrxLuun bor tJtr. ltEngth. gccond, rn<br />
rurlllrly ro<strong>of</strong>, cuppo:-tirg attirctun, or roll-svcl ltnrctnt.r -rdht ba ddad<br />
io ti. nolnd foot shlll. 1ba locrtJ.on <strong>of</strong> thr to eu*11J.rr7 ttroctlrrl<br />
Dtrrs drould. ba rppr:ca.htalt rbova the hcr& <strong>of</strong> tlont rd rur ru!<br />
occuPuir raspccu.rcly. l;trcss rrl8\y! 1s <strong>of</strong> tJ|c co!&latJ.oq <strong>of</strong> o[tar<br />
ro<strong>of</strong> eld! rnd roll-<strong>of</strong>r! b.rr tldlcst ! tlrt tha loot lbo(rld rqpFtt<br />
rPFro!.n!.lif 3j| tf.rr tll. y.lght <strong>of</strong> tJrG c|r vl.thout lrc..dlng tlc tbl,.t<br />
Dolntr (RrfrrtEr tr). $r llgurar 29 erd JO for Ulr rtnrctrsrl d.!ta <strong>of</strong><br />
tjl. p.!t!!€rrr! conp..rtant !o! t}l. Conrcll-t.lbertr Sdrtt Crr.<br />
lr. Conrld.lttlon llldrld ba glv.n to tl!. !!d.!lg! o! tb rt..rLa3<br />
ttlaal rld polt to r.du.. th.lr bJur? pot ntirl.<br />
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tb Jc.p, pbc6 thrk occrgrntt 1Jr rn sittlttly hrzrr{ou! Porllton ln r m1b<br />
cytr tt?. rccldlDt. In arch ll!\tcbs )rp bolt r.!trau!t8 d.ytc.t rosld<br />
rftord !!ttl or no Frot ctldr t th. oocup..nta. 1€r prot otlo LE ropG<br />
topFdr rthlc]..r coo.sldrrrtlon lhouJd b. glrta t r ro!L{'rt b|'r fttrrater!<br />
thrt ylll rffod occer8tr prst.ctloE lJr r toll-orr! a.olbt. lBb a<br />
rtrstu'lr u.! d.rlEDd fDd t !t d fd r Ei.llt t.'ir rbl'cb. Eat !.8. 3<br />
F.!.Dt r roll brr rtrr|lur. crprbl, ot :uppo:-i,l,q i!. r.{bt ot |rl orG-<br />
tu$.dr op.n topprd r!bl& rolLb3 .r.r r,t lr0 rphr t&4, rlfotdl.al DD<br />
lrrr:Jr o! prtactloB tce nblrL eolpr.Dtr.<br />
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tll d.l'.lqptlnt <strong>of</strong> tlr c+elurtrl .qElfat .'-r t c.blqu. (t&!, LE ltr:tt<br />
tr not drt productlvr) ib. !.qortrncr <strong>of</strong> tjtl! lrctor rbdd aot br trnd.<br />
lut|rr! .rprrl-Eltr.l t ltlrt utlllrlng tJl. t.D.q3jputrt rad trchdqo r, ora<br />
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rolllng ritliud.s |nd go rpF<strong>of</strong>-t st' rry Ddlfb.t1oD! o! Otl|tr cbrr|ta<br />
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