From Vienna's historical heritage buildings to lakeside plus energy ...
From Vienna's historical heritage buildings to lakeside plus energy ...
From Vienna's historical heritage buildings to lakeside plus energy ...
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<strong>From</strong> Vienna’s <strong>his<strong>to</strong>rical</strong> <strong>heritage</strong> <strong>buildings</strong> <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>lakeside</strong> <strong>plus</strong> <strong>energy</strong> district.<br />
Learning from experience <strong>to</strong> advance <strong>to</strong>wards sustainable,<br />
safe, and affordable low carbon <strong>energy</strong> living (?)<br />
Prof. Dr. Thomas Bednar<br />
Institute for Building Constructions and Technology<br />
Researchcenter for Building Physics and Sound Protection
Outline<br />
His<strong>to</strong>ry & Future of shaping the system<br />
Cultural <strong>heritage</strong><br />
New <strong>buildings</strong> - Lessons learned<br />
Lakeside Aspern<br />
Conclusions on the transformation process
Population<br />
Gründerzeit<br />
Zwischenkriegszeit<br />
Wiederaufbauzeit<br />
Systembauweise<br />
Montagebauweise<br />
Wr. Bauordnung 1976<br />
Wr. Bauordnung 1993ff<br />
Wr. BTVO 2008 / OIB 2007<br />
Wr. BTVO 2012 / OIB 2011<br />
Austria<br />
Vienna<br />
Passivhausbauweise<br />
Plus-Energie-Gebäude
http://www.gruenderzeit<strong>plus</strong>.at<br />
1928-32<br />
Gründerzeit<br />
Zwischenkriegszeit<br />
Wiederaufbauzeit<br />
Systembauweise<br />
Montagebauweise<br />
Wr. Bauordnung 1976<br />
Wr. Bauordnung 1993ff<br />
Wr. BTVO 2008 / OIB 2007<br />
Wr. BTVO 2012 / OIB 2011<br />
1951-52<br />
Massiv-Bauweise im sozialen Wohnbau in Wien<br />
Amann, Jodl, Maier, Mundt, Pöhn, Pommer; 2007<br />
https://maps.google.com<br />
1997-98<br />
1974-76
https://www.wien2025.at/site/<br />
http://www.wien.gv.at/stadtentwicklung/projekte/smartcity/index.html
City development – Areas of Focus<br />
STEP – Urban development plan
Enhancing Energy Efficiency<br />
Cultural Heritage Protection<br />
Only 2% of <strong>buildings</strong> in Austria are listed<br />
But more are under protection<br />
being part of a his<strong>to</strong>ric <strong>to</strong>wn<br />
Wish <strong>to</strong> reduce running costs<br />
Lack of knowledge<br />
Lack of awareness on risks<br />
=> Development of Guideline 2011<br />
Download from: http://www.bda.at/downloads/1990/Richtlinien
Guideline lists possible measure and the necessary steps in the design process<br />
easy applicable<br />
not so easy applicable<br />
only if really necessary
<strong>to</strong>tal primary <strong>energy</strong> demand in kWh/m²a<br />
IST<br />
repairing indows– improving airthightness<br />
insulation against attic<br />
control system, reduction of system losses<br />
adaption of windows<br />
solar thermal collec<strong>to</strong>r on site (not building)<br />
efficient heat pump<br />
internal insulation<br />
external insulation
Awarness for risk<br />
• internal insulation increases risk of failure<br />
• special focus during design process on reliability<br />
IEA Annex 55 - Reliability of Energy Efficient Building Retrofitting - Probability Assessment of Performance & Cost
http://www.hausderzukunft.at/english.htm<br />
UTE Utendorfgasse<br />
KAM Kammelweg<br />
DRE Dreherstrasse<br />
•2., Jungstraße<br />
•11., Pantucekgasse<br />
•11. Dreherstraße<br />
•14., Utendorfgasse<br />
•21., Kammelweg Bauplatz E, Bauplatz B<br />
•21., Mühlweg<br />
•22., Esslinger Hauptstraße<br />
•23., Schellenseegasse<br />
•23., An<strong>to</strong>n-Heger-Platz
UTE Utendorfgasse<br />
Start of occupation: 2007<br />
Number of flats: 3 * 13<br />
Gross floor area = 1330 m²<br />
Area inside flats = 901 m²<br />
Heating and hot water: central gas fired condensing boiler<br />
hot water s<strong>to</strong>rage tank<br />
distribution system with circulation pipe<br />
Heating of flat through supply air
DRE Dreherstrasse<br />
Start of occupation: 2007;<br />
Number of flats: 27<br />
Gross floor area = 3216 m²<br />
Net area inside flats = 2178 m²<br />
Heating and hot water: district heating<br />
hot water s<strong>to</strong>rage tank<br />
distribution system with circulation pipe<br />
Heating of flat through supply air.
KAM Kammelweg<br />
Start of occupation: 2008<br />
Number of flats: 80<br />
Gross floor area = 8100 m²<br />
Net area inside flats = 6808 m²<br />
Heating and hot water: district heating<br />
hot water s<strong>to</strong>rage tank<br />
distribution system with electric trace heating<br />
Heating of flat through minimized radia<strong>to</strong>rs.
Post occupancy evaluation<br />
Comfort (Winter/Summer)<br />
Room temperature in °C<br />
Outdoor temperature in °C<br />
Temperature: No problems report in Winter<br />
Very good performance in Summer<br />
Utendorfgasse<br />
Quelle: AEE Intec – Ergebnisse der messtechnischen Begleituntersuchungen von Haus der Zukunft, 2010
Start of occupation: 2007<br />
IEA Annex 53 “Total <strong>energy</strong> use in <strong>buildings</strong>”<br />
Number of flats: 13<br />
Gross floor area = 1330 m² = REFERENCE AREA<br />
Area inside flats = 901 m²<br />
Electricity<br />
37 kWh/m²<br />
ConvPrim<br />
Austria; 1.8 65 kWh/m²<br />
Europe: 3.3 120 kWh/m²<br />
Gas<br />
54 kWh/m²<br />
ConvPrim 1.3<br />
70 kWh/m²<br />
Total Primary Energy<br />
Austria 135 kWh/m²<br />
Europe 190 kWh/m²<br />
E t<br />
Boiler<br />
Gas 6700 m³<br />
Measured m³ Gas<br />
Ventilation<br />
Electricity 5.5 kWh/m²<br />
Measured<br />
Pumps<br />
Staircase Lighting<br />
System Control<br />
Electricity 5.5 kWh/m²<br />
Measured<br />
Boiler – Hot Water<br />
Gas 38 kWh/m²<br />
Calculated<br />
Measured<br />
Boiler – Heating<br />
Gas 19 kWh/m²<br />
Calculated<br />
Measured<br />
Energy in kWh/m² reference area<br />
E b<br />
Household<br />
Electricity<br />
25 kWh/m²<br />
Measured<br />
Hot Water<br />
Heat<br />
11 kWh/m²<br />
Measured m³ Water<br />
Heating<br />
Heat<br />
8 kWh/m²<br />
Calculated<br />
Measured
converted <strong>to</strong><br />
district heating<br />
UTE UTE DRE KAM<br />
2009 Okt07-Sep08 Okt08-Sep09<br />
Measured <strong>energy</strong> consumption<br />
Household<br />
eleva<strong>to</strong>r, staircase,<br />
pumps, ventilation...<br />
hotwater<br />
heating
Conclusions from building companies:<br />
No mould growth inside the flats!!<br />
Much better design process (Integral design)<br />
Passive house concept in social housing works very well<br />
- if people live there<br />
- open windows during summer nights (April-September)<br />
- if designer use detailed calculation methods<br />
- if moni<strong>to</strong>ring (system states) during first year is used<br />
Future enhancements:<br />
Reduction of system losses (currently 100% heating 300% hot water)<br />
Reduction of pressure losses in ventilation system (6kWh/m² -> 3kWh/m² electricity)<br />
Motivation of <strong>energy</strong> efficient household equipment<br />
outdoor noise reduction (summer night time ventilation)<br />
security concerns during design process<br />
PH-Academy - "Passive house of the future" Academy platform for knowledge transfer between building developers<br />
http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id5989
Eurogate
Eurogate
Europe's largest passive house settlement - Eurogate<br />
Eurogate
Austria's Biggest Plus Energy Office Building<br />
Renovation „Chemiehochhauses“ University Technology Vienna<br />
Getreidemarkt, 1060 Wien<br />
(Quelle: http://www.bing.com/maps/, bearbeitet von Schöberl & Pöll)
Project Partners<br />
Eigentümerin und Nutzerin:<br />
• BIG Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft m.b.H.<br />
• TU Wien Rek<strong>to</strong>rat - TU Wien Gebäude und Technik<br />
Generalplanung<br />
• ARGE der Architekten Hiesmayr-Gallister-Kra<strong>to</strong>chwil<br />
Fachplaner im Generalplanerteam:<br />
• Technisches Büro ZFG Projekt GmbH, Haustechnik Planung<br />
• Technisches Büro Eipeldauer+Partner GmbH, Elektro- und Lichtplanung<br />
• CITEM Dr. DI Manfred R. Siegl, EDV Planung<br />
• DI Nikolaus Buch GmbH, Schallschutz und Akustik<br />
• Metal Design Engineering GmbH, Fassadenplaner<br />
• Schöberl & Pöll GmbH, Bauphysik und Forschung<br />
Wissenschaftliche Leitung:<br />
• Schöberl & Pöll GmbH, Bauphysik und Forschung<br />
• TU Wien Forschungsbereich für Bauphysik und Schallschutz<br />
Planungsunterstützung und Forschung erweitertes Team:<br />
• Ing. Siegfried Manschein GesmbH, Moni<strong>to</strong>ring, Haustechnik Beratung<br />
• Pokorny GesmbH, Lichtplanung Beratung<br />
• ebök Planungs und Entwicklungs GmbH (D) Haustechnik Beratung<br />
• ATB-Becker e.U., Fo<strong>to</strong>voltaik Planung<br />
• Mag. Norbert Gröger oder Voith Hydro GmbH & Co. KG, Fo<strong>to</strong>voltaik Beratung<br />
• GENIOLUX Ingenieurbüro Gerstmann, Tageslichtberechnung<br />
• ENRAG GmbH, Simulation Fassadenhinterlüftung<br />
• TU Wien - ZIT, Serverraum
<strong>to</strong>tal primary <strong>energy</strong> demand in<br />
MWh/year<br />
429<br />
kWh/m²GFA·year<br />
82 kWh/m²GFA·year<br />
current standard optimized<br />
Toilets, Fire Safety<br />
Controls<br />
Sensors<br />
Communication,<br />
Security<br />
Tea kitchen<br />
Printer, Displays,<br />
Server+UPS<br />
Eleva<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Ventilation<br />
Office Equipment<br />
Lighting<br />
Cooling<br />
Heating<br />
Conversion Fac<strong>to</strong>rs Electricity f PE 2.62 kWh/kWh District Heating f PE 0.92 kWh/kWh<br />
f PE,n.ern 2.15 kWh/kWh f PE,n.ern 0.20 kWh/kWh
<strong>to</strong>tal primary <strong>energy</strong> demand in<br />
MWh/year<br />
Impact of PV<br />
on roof and facade<br />
non renewable primary <strong>energy</strong><br />
with own use of PV reduction of<br />
electricity<br />
use at Getreidemarkt<br />
due <strong>to</strong> export of PV<br />
current standard optimized optimized+PV used<br />
PV export<br />
Conversion Fac<strong>to</strong>rs Electricity f PE 2.62 kWh/kWh District Heating f PE 0.92 kWh/kWh<br />
f PE,n.ern 2.15 kWh/kWh f PE,n.ern 0.20 kWh/kWh
aspern Vienna’s Urban Lakeside<br />
20.000 people<br />
living&working<br />
nearly zero <strong>energy</strong> / <strong>plus</strong> <strong>energy</strong><br />
http://www.aspern-seestadt.at/en<br />
(Quelle: ATP – Architekten und Ingenieure)
Lakeside Aspern<br />
Research project<br />
local microclimate<br />
<strong>energy</strong> exchange across <strong>buildings</strong><br />
demonstration projects<br />
...<br />
http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id6793
Setup and pro<strong>to</strong>type for full dynamic building / grid / plant simulation
Scenario:<br />
Low <strong>energy</strong> <strong>buildings</strong><br />
Standard equipment<br />
50% roof area with PV<br />
http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id6793<br />
70 MW<br />
60 MW<br />
50 MW<br />
40 MW<br />
30 MW<br />
20 MW<br />
10 MW<br />
-10MW
Scenario:<br />
Lowest <strong>energy</strong> <strong>buildings</strong><br />
Efficient equipment<br />
100% roof area with PV<br />
http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id6793<br />
30 MW<br />
20 MW<br />
10 MW<br />
0 MW<br />
-10 MW<br />
-20 MW<br />
-30 MW<br />
-40 MW
CO2 –Emission in t/ person year<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
Low <strong>energy</strong> <strong>buildings</strong><br />
standard equipment<br />
30% PV on roof<br />
Lowest <strong>energy</strong> <strong>buildings</strong> – high efficient<br />
efficient equipment<br />
100% PV on roof<br />
The calculations do not take in<strong>to</strong> account mobility and production of <strong>buildings</strong>/equipment<br />
http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id6793
Quelle: ATP – Architekten und Ingenieure<br />
http://www.asperniq.at/
What (we) I learned .....<br />
Product declaration needs much better standards (standby, part load ,...)<br />
<strong>to</strong> design high <strong>energy</strong> efficient <strong>buildings</strong><br />
Design needs higher eduction, more money and better <strong>to</strong>ols<br />
Transdisciplinary approaches <strong>to</strong> develop roadmap<br />
sociology<br />
built environment – mobility<br />
grids – ICT<br />
economy - policy<br />
Research from roadmap <strong>to</strong> clear sign post<br />
design goals<br />
design methods<br />
quality assurance<br />
post occupancy evaluation
Vienna University of Technology<br />
Ett s<strong>to</strong>rt tack till alla mina svenska kolleger<br />
som har arbetat med mig under de senaste<br />
decennierna!<br />
urbem.tuwien.ac.at<br />
Apply for PhD - NOW!
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