The History of Agricultural Extension in Malawi

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Jochen Knorr, Maria Gerster-Bentaya, Volker Hoffmann The History of Agricultural Extension in Malawi Herausgegeben von Hermann Boland, Volker Hoffmann und Uwe Jens Nagel Bibliographic information published by „Die Deutsche Bibliothek“ Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. Satz und Layout Maria Gerster-Bentaya, Volker Hoffmann, Andrea Mayer Grafiken Jochen Knorr, Maria Gerster-Bentaya Druck und Bindung f.u.t. müllerbader gmbh, Filderstadt © Margraf Publishers GmbH, Scientific books, 2007 Kanalstraße 21; D-97990 Weikersheim www.margraf-verlag.de; info@margraf-verlag.de ISBN 978-3-8236-1513-2 ISSN 0947-0352 MARGRAF PUBLISHERS
Preface This publication is the result of efforts made by various persons at different times: The idea was born during a collaboration between Willi Ehret and Maria Gerster-Bentaya who worked together between 1998 and 2000 on a qualification programme on extension methods for college teachers and training officers of the Department of Agricultural Extension Services (DAES). They realised the need for acknowledging the experiences of the past extension approaches to understand current attitudes and ongoing procedures. They proposed a topic for a master thesis on the history of extension in Malawi and motivated Jochen Knorr to accept. After an extensive literature review, Jochen stayed in Malawi to specifically interview contemporary witnesses of the various extension approaches that have been propagated and applied since the British started with their agricultural promotion programme in Nyasaland. Jochen finished his master thesis in autumn 2001. Basically the field study was a joint research of Mr. Kaliwo and Jochen Knorr. Jochen’s master thesis is the core of the publication. Shortly before and parallel to Jochen’s research stay in Malawi, the Department of Agricultural Extension worked on the reform of the current extension system and drafted the discussion paper “Agricultural Extension in the New Millennium – Towards Pluralistic and Demand-driven Services in Malawi”. In the frame of the decentralisation process, extension should be devolved to the districts and involve all stakeholders. The central level should only play a supporting role. Meanwhile the reform of the Malawi Governmental Extension Service has entered its seventh year. Additional activities to put the new approach into practice have taken place. Specifically to set up the District Extension Service Systems is still a huge challenge for all the people involved: new roles have to be accepted, old habits have to be unlearned, new attitudes and skills have to be acquired. The aspiration to publish the experiences with information about past extension approaches became again more vital in 2006, and we decided to add the current discussion and state of the art of extension worldwide, and to include also aveailable material about the actual state of implementation and some experiences with the “new approach” in Malawi. Therefore, the period covered here is from around 1900 until 2007. The interest to publish this book was further stimulated by global changes of the very last years, indicating a turning point for rural development worldwide, with quickly increasing demand for land use product and accordingly rising prices. This “new drive” for agriculture, improves the frame conditions also for Malawi and sheds new light on the chances of the extension reform to succeed, at least as time goes by. Maria Gerster-Bentaya, Volker Hoffmann, Hohenheim, December 2007 III
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