The History of Agricultural Extension in Malawi

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5.1.4 Malawi under Banda ............................................................................................. 31 5.1.5 Political Change During the 90’s and Beyond...................................................... 32 5.2 History of Agricultural Policy .............................................................................. 33 5.2.1 Agricultural Policy in the Protectorate ................................................................. 33 5.2.2 Agricultural Policy in Post-War Nyasaland and the Central African Federation.............................................................................................................. 34 5.2.3 Post-independence Agricultural Policy and the Four Major Integrated Rural Development Projects ................................................................................. 37 5.2.4 Agricultural Policy in the 1980s and 1990s.......................................................... 41 5.2.5 Agricultural Policy between 2000 and 2006......................................................... 43 6 Malawi’s Past Extension Approaches................................................... 51 6.1 “Early” Colonial Extension................................................................................... 51 6.2 “Coercion and Compulsion” ................................................................................. 52 6.3 The Master Farmer Approach............................................................................... 54 6.4 Education and Persuasion ..................................................................................... 55 6.5 The New Master Farmer Scheme: Achikumbi ..................................................... 57 6.6 Farmer Clubs and the Group Approach................................................................ 58 6.7 Package Programmes ............................................................................................ 59 7 The Block Extension System (BES)....................................................... 61 7.1 Training & Visit (T&V)........................................................................................ 61 7.2 The Block Extension System in the 80’................................................................ 63 7.2.1 Salient Features of the BES .................................................................................. 63 7.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of the BES in the 80’s ........................................ 65 7.3 New Developments in Malawi’s Extension During the 90’s ............................... 66 7.3.1 Modifications and Changes of the BES................................................................ 66 7.3.2 New Challenges .................................................................................................... 68 7.3.3 New Extension Providers...................................................................................... 69 8 Experiences with Extension, assessed in 2001................................ 71 8.1 Agricultural Extension in the Area of Karonga .................................................... 71 8.1.1 Farmers’ Experiences with Extension in Kaporo South EPA .............................. 71 8.1.2 Extension Providers in Kaporo South EPA .......................................................... 74 VI
8.2 Agricultural Extension in the Area of Salima....................................................... 75 8.2.1 Farmers’ Extension Experiences in Tembwe EPA............................................... 75 8.2.2 Extension Providers in Tembwe EPA................................................................... 77 8.3 Agricultural Extension in the Area of Mulanje..................................................... 78 8.3.1 Farmers’ Extension Experiences in Mulanje Boma EPA..................................... 78 8.3.2 Extension Providers in Mulanje Boma EPA......................................................... 80 8.4 Experiences of Current and Retired Staff ............................................................. 81 8.4.1 The Strengths and Weaknesses of Past Extension Approaches............................ 82 8.4.2 The BES in the Eyes of Frontline Extension Staff ............................................... 82 8.4.3 NGOs and the Public Extension Service .............................................................. 84 9 New Developments in Agricultural Extension................................... 86 9.1 New Trends in Extension Worldwide................................................................... 86 9.1.1 De-linking Provision and Funding of Extension .................................................. 87 9.1.2 Common Framework of Agricultural Extension: The Neuchâtel Initiative ......... 87 9.1.3 Finance Mechanisms............................................................................................. 89 9.1.4 Accountability for Empowerment......................................................................... 91 9.2 Malawi’s New Extension Policy and System ....................................................... 91 9.2.1 Driving forces for a change................................................................................... 91 9.2.2 The New Extension Policy.................................................................................... 92 9.2.3 The actual administrative set-up and responsibilities ........................................... 95 9.2.4 The District Agricultural Extension Services System .......................................... 96 9.2.5 What happens to render the new DAESS operational? ........................................ 99 10 Outlook ............................................................................................................ 100 11 Summaries ..................................................................................................... 101 11.1 Summary ............................................................................................................. 101 11.1 Zusammenfassung............................................................................................... 103 12 Bibliography ...........................................................................................................107 13 Annexes ....................................................................................................................114 13.1 List of Interviews ................................................................................................ 114 13.2 Interview Guidelines........................................................................................... 116 VII
Page 1 and 2: The History of Agricultural Extensi
Page 3 and 4: Preface This publication is the res
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Page 9 and 10: Abbreviations and Acronyms ADD Agri

The History of Agricultural Extension in Malawi

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