methodology - Forest and Bird

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under the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO). Even where there is international management there is often not the commitment to take action required to reduce catch limits to sustainable levels (eg CCSBT for southern bluefin tuna) or there may be a high level of illegal, unauthorised or unregulated fishing (IUU) (eg toothfish under the Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources - CCAMLR). New Zealand adopted a national plan of action on IUU fishing in June 2004 (http://www.fish.govt.nz/current/iuu-fishing/iuu-fishing.pdf). The criteria used since 2005 has taken into account the management of straddling stocks and highly migratory species. This includes whether there is a convention or agreement for this species and whether it is taking effective action, and whether there is significant IUU activity. The scores A to E were set to indicate the risk posed by managing multiple species as one unit or not dividing stocks into different management areas, or the management of highly migratory species or straddling stocks (table 10). Table 10: Scores for management unit Score Note A Fishery is managed by individual species, stocks are divided into different management units (quota or fisheries management areas) and there is no risk of serial depletion. A There is a international agreement which well manages highly migratory species or straddling stocks, sets precautionary catch limits and there is a low level of IUU catches. B Fishery is managed by individual species, stocks are divided into different management units but there is a low risk of serial depletion of discrete sub-units (eg spawning populations). B There is an international agreement which well manages highly migratory species or straddling stocks, sets precautionary catch limits but despite comprehensive measures to eliminate IUU catches they continue at a moderate level. C Fishery is managed by individual species but two stocks are managed as one management unit and any other stocks are managed separately or management boundaries do not match stock boundaries. C Fishery is managed by individual species but stock structure is unknown or highly uncertain but there is a low risk of serial depletion. C There is strong interim arrangement which sets precautionary catch limits and there is substantial progress towards an international agreement which will manage highly migratory species or straddling stocks. C There is an international agreement which sets precautionary catch limits for highly migratory species or straddling stocks, but there are only limited measures to eliminate IUU catches and they continue at a moderate level. D Fishery is managed by individual species but more than two stocks are managed as one management unit. D Fishery is managed by individual species but stock structure is unknown but it is managed by fisheries management areas and there is a high risk of serial depletion of discrete sub-units (eg spawning populations). D There is a weak interim arrangement but there is a commitment to develop an international agreement to manage highly migratory species or straddling stocks. D There is an international management regime to set conservation measures for the species but it has yet to apply any sustainable catch limits or catch limits are not sustainable (CCSBT) or the agreement represents only a small part of the catch and there is a high level of IUU fishing. E More than one species are managed as one fishery (eg oreos, groper, ). E More than one species are managed as one fishery and stock structure is unknown. E There is no international management regime or interim measures (eg alfonsino). All schemes: A= Best; E = Worst Forest & Bird Best Fish Guide 2012 – 2013: Criteria for Ecological Rankings 24
Appendix I: Major Commercial Fish Species Snapper (Pagrus auratus) Trawl Fisheries Scampi trawl Northern Inshore trawl Scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) John dory (Zeus faber) Dredge fisheries Tarakihi (Nemadactylus giganteum) Dredge oyster (Tiostrea chilensis) Trevally (Pesudocaranx dentex) Scallop (Pecten novaezelandiae) Jack mackerel (Trachurus novaezelandiae, T declivis) Barracouta (Thyristes atun) Demersal Longline fisheries Red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) Snapper (Pagrus auratus) Southern inshore trawl Red cod (Pseudophycis bachus) Other Longline fisheries Red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) Ling (Genypterus blacodes) Flatfish (Rhombosolea leporina) Bluenose (Hyperglyphe antarctica) Blue cod (Parapercis colias) Hapuku (Polyprion oxygeneios) Bass (Polyprion americanus) Northern middle depth trawl School shark (Galeorhinus australis) Gemfish (Rexea solandri) Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) Pelagic longline - tuna West Coast and Chatham Rise Middle depth trawl Southern blue fin (Thunnus maccoyii) Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) Hake (Merluccius australis) Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) Ling (Genypterus blacodes) Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) Silver warehou (Seriolella punctata) Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) Southern Mid depth trawl Arrow Squid (Nototodarus sloanii) Purse seine Barracouta (Thyristes atun) Kahawai (Arripis trutta) Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Hake (Merluccius australis) Trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex) Ling (Genypterus blacodes) Blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) Silver warehou (Seriolella punctata) Sub-Antarctic mid depth trawl Set Net fisheries Arrow Squid (Nototodarus sloanii) Rig (Mustelus lenticulatus) Southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) School shark (Galeorhinus galeus) Hake (Merluccius australis) Butterfish (Odax pullus) Ling (Genypterus blacodes) Grey mullet (Mugu cephalus) Deepwater trawl (over 750m) Potting fisheries Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) Red rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) Smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus maculates) Blue cod (Parapercis colias) Black oreo (Allocyttus niger) Black cardinal fish (Epigonus telescopus) Diving - Paua Paua (Haliotis iris and H. australis) Forest & Bird Best Fish Guide 2012 – 2013: Criteria for Ecological Rankings 25
Page 2 and 3: Best Fish Guide 2012-2013 How it wo
Page 4 and 5: Contents: Criteria for Ecological R
Page 6 and 7: The UK based Marine Stewardship cou
Page 8 and 9: Article 7.5 of the Code of Conduct
Page 10 and 11: Table 1 Weighting of criteria Weigh
Page 12 and 13: Where fishing catches stay high, ef
Page 14 and 15: hypothesis is that these fish are e
Page 16 and 17: D Uncertain/ unknown yield or stock
Page 18 and 19: Forest & Bird has reviewed the resu
Page 20 and 21: eg snapper D Longlining D Drag net
Page 22 and 23: Table 5 Population resilience and p
Page 24 and 25: ycatch, and incidental catch) 15 .
Page 26 and 27: Table 8 IUCN and Department of Cons
Page 30 and 31: Appendix II: Key Biological Indicat
Page 32 and 33: Patagonian Dissostichus eleginoides
Page 34 and 35: Appendix III: Marine Species Listed
Page 36 and 37: 3. Marine species listed by CITES I
Page 38 and 39: Cont. Appendix IV: Bird Species Rep
Page 40 and 41: 5. Threatened status of marine mamm
Page 42 and 43: Appendix VIII: Wildlife Act - Sched
Page 44 and 45: B. Glossary Aquaculture - aquatic s
Page 46 and 47: Mid-water trawl - a trawl designed
Page 48 and 49: Appendix X: Report References Abrah
Page 50 and 51: Dunn A (2003) Revised estimates of
Page 52 and 53: Ministry of Fisheries Science Group
Page 54 and 55: Thrush S F and Dayton P K (2002) Di
Page 56 and 57: Hanchet S M, Coburn R P, Field K D,
Page 58 and 59: Stevenson ML (1998) Inshore Trawl S
Page 60 and 61: Elephantfish Elephantfish Callorhin
Page 62 and 63: Kokowhaawhaa Anchovy Engraulis aust
Page 64 and 65: symmetricus murphyi NZ littleneck c
Page 66 and 67: Schnapper Snapper Pagrus auratus Sc
Page 68: Tupa Scallops Pecten novaezealandia

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