Language of Risk - FLOODsite

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FLOODsite Language of Risk 2 nd Ed. Contract No:GOCE-CT-2004-505420 When faced with uncertainty arising from a risk assessment process there are protocols for decision making that can be adopted. For example, the Precautionary Principle is a widely recognised approach. The underlying concepts of which include: • Proportionality of response or cost effectiveness of margins of error to show that the effective degree of restraint is not unduly costly. This can be implemented within benefit cost analysis whereby part of the valuation benefit is the avoidance of risk by playing safe. • Preventative anticipation to take action in advance of scientific uncertainty or acceptable evidence. • Consistency of measures. Adopted measures should be comparable with measures used in similar circumstances. • Burden of proof is focused on those who propose change rather than those effected by the change. The Precautionary Principle does not seek to dictate a decision but enables a decision to be made when faced with significant uncertainties through adoption of a common protocol. T32_04_01_ FLOODsite_Language_of_Risk_D32_2_v5_2_P1 30 April 2009 12
FLOODsite Language of Risk 2 nd Ed. Contract No:GOCE-CT-2004-505420 4. Key definitions and discussion The definitions below have been ordered in a sequence from description of hazard through to risk in general, to flood risks and their management and to sustainability 4.1 Hazard A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. ISDR (2004) The probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon ITC (2004) Potential source of harm ISO/EC (1999) Situation with the potential to cause harm. A hazard does not necessarily lead to harm. HR Wallingford (2002) Recommendation: A physical event, phenomenon or human activity with the potential to result in harm. A hazard does not necessarily lead to harm. Rationale: It is recognised that hazards can stem from a multitude of sources, it is however clear that a occurrence of a hazard does not always lead to harm. 4.2 Vulnerability The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. ISDR (2004) The potential for a receptor to be harmed Green (2004) The degree of loss resulting from the occurrence of a phenomenon ITC (2004) Inherent characteristics of a system that create the potential for harm but are independent of the probability of any particular hazard or extreme event Sarewitz et al (2003) Susceptibility * value Klijn (2004) Refers to the resilience of a particular group, people, property and the environment, and their ability to respond to a hazardous condition. For example, elderly people may be less able to evacuate in the event of a rapid flood than young people. HR Wallingford (2002) T32_04_01_ FLOODsite_Language_of_Risk_D32_2_v5_2_P1 30 April 2009 13
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Language of Risk - FLOODsite

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