24 J. Oró, A. Lazcano, <strong>and</strong> P. Ehrenfreund Lazcano-Araujo, A. <strong>and</strong> Oró, J. (1981), Cometary material <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> origins <strong>of</strong> life on Earth. In C. Ponnamperuna (ed.) <strong>Comets</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Origin</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong> (Reidel, Dordrecht), pp. 191–225. Lederberg, J. (1992), Foreword to L. Margulis Symbiosis in Cell <strong>Evolution</strong>: Microbial communities in <strong>the</strong> Archean <strong>and</strong> Proterozoic Eons (Freeman, New York), pp. xv– xvi. Lerner, N.R., Peterson, E., <strong>and</strong> Chang, S. (1991), Meteoritic amino acids from cometary/interstellar precursors. <strong>Comets</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Origin</strong>s <strong>and</strong> <strong>Evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong>. Abstracts <strong>of</strong> a Meeting in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Septmeber 30-October 2, 1991, p.19. Levine, J.S., Augustsson, T.R., Boughner, R.E., Natajaran, M., <strong>and</strong> Sacks, L.J. (1980), <strong>Comets</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> photochemistry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paleoatmosphere. In C. Ponnamperuna (ed.) <strong>Comets</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Origin</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong> (Reidel, Dordrecht), pp. 161–190. Lewis, J.S. (1974), Volatile element influx on Venus from cometary impacts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 22, 239–244. Löb, W. (1913), Über das Verhalten des Formamids unter der Wirkung der stillen Entladagun. Ein Beilrag zur Frage der Stickst<strong>of</strong>f-Assimilation. Berichte der Deutschen Chem. Gessellschaft, 46, 648–697. MacMillan, W.D. (1929), The field <strong>of</strong> cosmogony. Jour. Geol., 37, 341–356. Maher, K.A. <strong>and</strong> Stevenson, D.J. (1988), Impact frustration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> origin <strong>of</strong> life. Nature, 331, 612–614. Marcus, J.N. <strong>and</strong> Olsen, M.A. (1991), Biological implications <strong>of</strong> organic compounds in comets. In R.L. Newburn, M. Neugebauer, <strong>and</strong> J. Rahe (eds.), <strong>Comets</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Post-Halley Era, Vols. I-II (Dordrecht, Boston), pp. 439–462. Mat<strong>the</strong>ws, C.N. <strong>and</strong> Ludicky, R. (1986), The dark nucleus <strong>of</strong> comet Halley: Hydrogen cyanide polymers. In B. Battrick, E.J. Rolfe, <strong>and</strong> R. Reinhard (eds.) 20th ESLAB Symposium on <strong>the</strong> Exploration <strong>of</strong> Halley’s Comet (ESA Report SP-250), pp. 273– 277. McKay, C.P., Boruki, W.R., Kujiro, D.R., <strong>and</strong> Church, F. (1989), Shock production <strong>of</strong> organics during cometary impacts. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XX, 671–672. McKinnon, W.B. (1989), Impacts giveth <strong>and</strong> impacts taketh away. Nature, 338, 465–466. Melosh, J. <strong>and</strong> Vickery, A. (1989), Impact erosion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> primordial Martian atmosphere. Nature, 338, 487–489. Mennella V, Colangeli L, Bussoletti E, Palumbo P <strong>and</strong> Rotundi A (1998), A New Approach to <strong>the</strong> Puzzle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ultraviolet Interstellar Extinction Bump. Astrophys. J., 507, L177–180. Miller, S.L. (1957), The mechanism <strong>of</strong> syn<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> organic compounds under primitive Earth conditions. In J. Neyman (eds.), The Heritage <strong>of</strong> Copernicus: Theories “Pleasing to <strong>the</strong> Mind” (MIT Press, Cambridge), pp. 228–242. Miller, S.L. (1991a), The relative importance <strong>of</strong> prebiotic syn<strong>the</strong>sison Earth <strong>and</strong> input from comets <strong>and</strong> meteorites. In R.A. Wharton, D.T. Anderser, Sara E. Bzik, <strong>and</strong> J.D. Rummel (eds.). Fourth Symposium on Chemical <strong>Evolution</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Origin</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong> NASA Conference Publication No. 3129 (Washington DC), p. 105. Miller, S.L. (1991b), <strong>Comets</strong> <strong>and</strong> meteorites were not a significant surce <strong>of</strong> organic compounds on <strong>the</strong> primitive Earth. <strong>Comets</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Origin</strong>s <strong>and</strong> <strong>Evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong>. Abstracts <strong>of</strong> a Meeting in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, September 30-October 2, 1991, pp. 22–23.
1 <strong>Comets</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Origin</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong> 25 Miller, S.L. <strong>and</strong> Bada, J.L. (1988), Submarine hot springs <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> origin <strong>of</strong> life. Nature, 334, 609-611. Miller, S.L. <strong>and</strong> Lazcano, A. (2002) Formation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building blocks <strong>of</strong> life. In J.W. Schopf (ed) <strong>Life</strong>’s <strong>Origin</strong>: The beginnings <strong>of</strong> biological evolution (California University Press, Berkeley), pp.78–112 Miller, S.L. <strong>and</strong> Orgel, L.E. (1974), The <strong>Origin</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong> on Earth (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ). Miller, S.L. <strong>and</strong> Urey, H.C. (1959), Organic compound syn<strong>the</strong>sis on <strong>the</strong> primitive Earth. Science, 130, 245–252. Mitchell, D.L., Lin, R.P., Anderson, K.A., Carlson, C.W., Curtis, D.W., Korth, A., Réme, H., Sauvard, J.A., d’Uston, C., <strong>and</strong> Mendis, D.A. (1987), Evidence for chain molecules enriched in carbon, hydrogen <strong>and</strong> oxygen in comet Halley. Science, 237, 626–628. Moreels G., Clairemidi J., Hermine P., Brechignac P. <strong>and</strong> Rousselot P. (1994), Detection <strong>of</strong> a polycyclic aromatic molecule in comet P/Halley. Astron. Astrophys., 282, 643–656. Morrison, D. (1997) The contemporary hazards <strong>of</strong> cometary impacts. In P.J. Thomas, C.F. Chyba, <strong>and</strong> C.P. McKay (eds), <strong>Comets</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Origin</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong>. (Springer-Verlag, New York), 243–258. Moulton, F.R. <strong>and</strong> Chamberlin, T.C. (1900), Certain attempts to test <strong>the</strong> nebular hypo<strong>the</strong>sis. Science, 11, 311–312. Mukhin, L.M., Gerasimov, M.V. <strong>and</strong> Safonova, E.N. (1989), <strong>Origin</strong> <strong>of</strong> precursors <strong>of</strong> organic molecules during evaporation <strong>of</strong> meteorites <strong>and</strong> rocks. Adv. Space Res., 9, 95–97. Muller, R.A. (1985), Evidence for a solar companion star. In M.D. Papagiannis (ed), The Search for Extraterrestrial <strong>Life</strong>: Recent Developments (Reidel, Dordrecht), pp. 233–243. Navarro-González R., Castillo-Rojas, S., <strong>and</strong> Negrón-Mendoza, A. (1991), Experimental <strong>and</strong> computational study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> radiation-induced decomposition <strong>of</strong> formaldehyde. Implications to cometary nuclei. <strong>Origin</strong>s <strong>Life</strong>, 21, 39–49. Negrón-Mendoza, A., Chacón, E., Navarro-González, R., Draganic, Z.D., <strong>and</strong> Draganic, I.G. (1992), Radiation-induced syn<strong>the</strong>sis in cometary simulated models. Adv. Space Res., 12, 63–66. Oberbeck, V.R. <strong>and</strong> Aggarwal, H. (1992), Comet impacts <strong>and</strong> chemical evolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bombarded Earth. <strong>Origin</strong>s <strong>Life</strong>, 21, 317–338. Oberbeck, V.R. <strong>and</strong> Fogelman, G. (1989a), Impacts <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> origin <strong>of</strong> life. Nature, 339, 434. Oberbeck, V.R. <strong>and</strong> Fogelman, G. (1989b), Estimates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maximum time require to originate life. <strong>Origin</strong>s <strong>Life</strong>, 19, 549–560. Oberbeck, V.R., McKay, C.P., Scattergood, T.W., Carle, G.C., <strong>and</strong> Valentin, J.R. (1989), The role <strong>of</strong> cometary particle coalescence in chemical evolution. <strong>Origin</strong>s <strong>Life</strong>, 19, 35–55. O’Dell, C.R., Wen, Z., <strong>and</strong> Hu, X. (1993), Discovery <strong>of</strong> new objects in <strong>the</strong> Orion Nebula on HST images: shocks, compact sources <strong>and</strong> protoplanetary disks. Astrophys. Jour., 410, 696–700. Oparin, A.I. (1924), Proiskhozhdenie Zhizni (Moskovskii Rabochii, Moscow). Translated <strong>and</strong> published as an Appendix in J.D. Bernal (1967). The <strong>Origin</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong> (Weidenfeld <strong>and</strong> Nicolson, London). Oparin, A.I. (1938), The <strong>Origin</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong> (MacMillan, New York).
- Page 1 and 2: Comets and the Origin and Evolution
- Page 3 and 4: Paul J. Thomas Roland D. Hicks Chri
- Page 5 and 6: This volume is dedicated to the mem
- Page 7 and 8: VIII Preface chapter) estimates the
- Page 9 and 10: X Preface hope that this book encap
- Page 11 and 12: XII Contents 2.14.3 Geochemical Mod
- Page 13 and 14: XIV Contents 6.6 Atmospheric Shock
- Page 15 and 16: XVI Contents References . . . . . .
- Page 17 and 18: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 19 and 20: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 21 and 22: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 23 and 24: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 25 and 26: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 27 and 28: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 29 and 30: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 31 and 32: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 33 and 34: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 35 and 36: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 37 and 38: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 39: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 43 and 44: 1 Comets and the Origin and Evoluti
- Page 45 and 46: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 47 and 48: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 49 and 50: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 51 and 52: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 53 and 54: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 55 and 56: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 57 and 58: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 59 and 60: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 61 and 62: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 63 and 64: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 65 and 66: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 67 and 68: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 69 and 70: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 71 and 72: 2.14.3 Geochemical Model 2 The Orig
- Page 73 and 74: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 75 and 76: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 77 and 78: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 79 and 80: References 2 The Origin of the Atmo
- Page 81 and 82: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 83 and 84: 2 The Origin of the Atmosphere and
- Page 85 and 86: 3 Cometary Micrometeorites in Plane
- Page 87 and 88: 3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 89 and 90: 3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 91 and 92:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 93 and 94:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 95 and 96:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 97 and 98:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 99 and 100:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 101 and 102:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 103 and 104:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 105 and 106:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 107 and 108:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 109 and 110:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 111 and 112:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 113 and 114:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 115 and 116:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 117 and 118:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 119 and 120:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 121 and 122:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 123 and 124:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 125 and 126:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 127 and 128:
3 Micrometeorites in Planetology, E
- Page 129 and 130:
114 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 131 and 132:
116 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 133 and 134:
118 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 135 and 136:
120 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 137 and 138:
122 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 139 and 140:
124 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 141 and 142:
126 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 143 and 144:
128 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 145 and 146:
130 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 147 and 148:
132 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 149 and 150:
134 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 151 and 152:
136 W.F. Huebner and Lewis E. Snyde
- Page 153 and 154:
138 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba 5.1
- Page 155 and 156:
140 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba Fig.
- Page 157 and 158:
142 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba 5.3
- Page 159 and 160:
144 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba simu
- Page 161 and 162:
146 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba 0.8
- Page 163 and 164:
148 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba Tabl
- Page 165 and 166:
150 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba yet
- Page 167 and 168:
152 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba Fig.
- Page 169 and 170:
154 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba −5
- Page 171 and 172:
156 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba impa
- Page 173 and 174:
158 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba Fig.
- Page 175 and 176:
160 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba 5.7
- Page 177 and 178:
162 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba belo
- Page 179 and 180:
164 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba Edmo
- Page 181 and 182:
166 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba Amin
- Page 183 and 184:
168 E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba Zahn
- Page 185 and 186:
170 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand Fig. 6
- Page 187 and 188:
172 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand format
- Page 189 and 190:
174 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand occurr
- Page 191 and 192:
176 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand have b
- Page 193 and 194:
178 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand and Mi
- Page 195 and 196:
180 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand Fig. 6
- Page 197 and 198:
182 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand 6.3.3
- Page 199 and 200:
184 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand with t
- Page 201 and 202:
186 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand ˙m(t)
- Page 203 and 204:
188 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand Microm
- Page 205 and 206:
190 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand 6.5.4
- Page 207 and 208:
192 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand 6.6 At
- Page 209 and 210:
194 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand when t
- Page 211 and 212:
196 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand with E
- Page 213 and 214:
198 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand Indeed
- Page 215 and 216:
200 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand Chyba,
- Page 217 and 218:
202 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand Kastin
- Page 219 and 220:
204 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand Pieraz
- Page 221 and 222:
206 C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand last g
- Page 223 and 224:
208 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 225 and 226:
210 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 227 and 228:
212 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 229 and 230:
214 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 231 and 232:
216 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 233 and 234:
218 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 235 and 236:
220 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 237 and 238:
222 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 239 and 240:
224 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 241 and 242:
226 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 243 and 244:
228 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 245 and 246:
230 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 247 and 248:
232 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 249 and 250:
234 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 251 and 252:
236 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 253 and 254:
238 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 255 and 256:
240 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 257 and 258:
242 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 259 and 260:
244 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 261 and 262:
246 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 263 and 264:
248 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 265 and 266:
250 Kevin Zahnle and Norman H. Slee
- Page 267 and 268:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 269 and 270:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 271 and 272:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 273 and 274:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 275 and 276:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 277 and 278:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 279 and 280:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 281 and 282:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 283 and 284:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 285 and 286:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 287 and 288:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 289 and 290:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 291 and 292:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 293 and 294:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 295 and 296:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 297 and 298:
8 Extraterrestrial Impact Episodes
- Page 299 and 300:
286 D. Morrison It is a relatively
- Page 301 and 302:
288 D. Morrison projectiles thus ra
- Page 303 and 304:
290 D. Morrison satellites; the lar
- Page 305 and 306:
292 D. Morrison example, then the a
- Page 307 and 308:
294 D. Morrison similar approaches
- Page 309 and 310:
296 D. Morrison these comets do not
- Page 311 and 312:
298 D. Morrison If the society conc
- Page 313 and 314:
300 D. Morrison Harris, A.W., G.H.
- Page 315 and 316:
302 D. Morrison Weissman, P.R. (199
- Page 317 and 318:
304 M. Podolak and D. Prialnik this
- Page 319 and 320:
306 M. Podolak and D. Prialnik κ
- Page 321 and 322:
308 M. Podolak and D. Prialnik K(T
- Page 323 and 324:
310 M. Podolak and D. Prialnik The
- Page 325 and 326:
312 M. Podolak and D. Prialnik Temp
- Page 327 and 328:
314 M. Podolak and D. Prialnik Gudi
- Page 329 and 330:
316 J. Kissel and F.R. Krueger long
- Page 331 and 332:
318 J. Kissel and F.R. Krueger Retu
- Page 333 and 334:
320 J. Kissel and F.R. Krueger A jo
- Page 335 and 336:
322 J. Kissel and F.R. Krueger to d
- Page 337 and 338:
12 Interstellar and Cometary Dust i
- Page 339 and 340:
12 Interstellar and Cometary Dust i
- Page 341 and 342:
12 Interstellar and Cometary Dust i
- Page 343 and 344:
12 Interstellar and Cometary Dust i
- Page 345 and 346:
12 Interstellar and Cometary Dust i
- Page 347 and 348:
12 Interstellar and Cometary Dust i
- Page 349 and 350:
12 Interstellar and Cometary Dust i
- Page 351 and 352:
12 Interstellar and Cometary Dust i
- Page 353 and 354:
342 Index biogenic elements 92, 155
- Page 355 and 356:
344 Index hydrothermal systems 139
- Page 357:
346 Index racemic 160 radicals 114