Functional Plant Science and Biotechnology - Global Science Books

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Mejda Daami-Remadi, Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine, Fakher Ayed, Mohamed El Mahjoub (Tunisia) Comparative Aggressiveness of Verticillium dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus on Potato as Measured by their Effects on Wilt Severity, Plant Growth and Subsequent Yield Loss (pp 1-8) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: Verticillium wilt is among the most serious diseases of potato in Tunisia. Three Verticillium species are involved in potato vascular wilt symptoms. The present study evaluated the pathogenic abilities of different Verticillium spp. isolates on the basis of their effects on wilt severity, plant growth and subsequent yield loss. Artificial inoculation of potato cv. ‘Spunta’ plants showed, 60 days post-inoculation (DPI), that all the Verticillium spp. isolates adversely affected the inoculated plants compared to the uninoculated control. A high degree of pathogenic variability among Verticillium spp. isolates, and especially those of V. dahliae was detected, according to their differential ability to cause wilt and browning of the vascular system together with a reduction in plant height, aerial part weight and tuber yield. Although, V. dahliae isolates were the most aggressive on potato plants, some V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus isolates were found to be as aggressive as some V. dahliae isolates, according to our experiment conditions. All three Verticillium spp. seem to contribute, to variable degrees, to the potato Verticillium wilt complex in Tunisia. To our knowledge this is the first report of V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus with comparable aggressiveness as some V. dahliae isolates on potato in Tunisia. Ashwani Sharma, Ranga Rao Ambati, Dayananda Chandrappa, Sarada Ravi, Ravishankar Gokare Aswathanarayana (India) Botryococcus braunii, a New Elicitor for Secondary Metabolite Production in Capsicum frutescens (pp 9-13) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: Botryococcus braunii is a green colonial microalga which is mainly used for the production of hydrocarbons, exopolysaccharides and carotenoids. The present study revealed that some of the bioactive principles that are present in the algal extracts of B. braunii influence growth parameters, pigment and secondary metabolites production in Capsicum frutescens at different levels (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/l). Upon treatment with different B. braunii extracts seed germination, root length, shoot length and leaf length were enhanced in both light and dark conditions. A two-fold increase in germination occurred when 8 mg/l of B. braunii extract was applied, both in the light and in the dark. Similarly, a 1-1.5-fold increased in shoot and leaf length was observed with 8 mg/l of B. braunii extract, a 2-3-fold increase in chlorophyll and a 2-fold increase in carotenoid content after exposure of C. frutescens to 8 mg/l of B. braunii extract. Vanillylamine was enhanced by 1-1.5-fold, capsaicin by 2-2.5-fold and 2-fold compared to the control after 15 days of incubation with the maximum concentration of B. braunii. Anu Annamma Mammen, Joyce Sudandara Priya, Cordilea Hannah (India) Genotoxic Effect of Furazolidone, an Anti-diarrhoeal Drug on the Root Meristem of Allium cepa L. (pp 14-16) ABSTRACT Research Note: The present work was conducted to study the genotoxic effect of Furazolidone, an anti-diarrhoeal drug. Onion root meristems were cultured and analyzed after exposure to different time periods to the drug. There was a time-dependent decrease in mitotic indices and an increase in chromosomal anomalies compared to the control. Cell division was completely arrested after 24 hours of incubation with 0.05% Furazolidone. This study proves the genotoxic effect of Furazolidone and emphasizes the prevention of the use of this drug in medicine. Proceedings papers Iyad Musallam, Mahmud Duwayri, Rida A. Shibli (Jordan) Micropropagation of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from Wild Plants (pp 17-21) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: Caper bush is grown commercially to obtain unopened flower buds (capers) used as a condiment in salads and sauces and in the manufacture of cosmetics and medicines. Capers play an important role in the food industry and have become a costly and a commercially valuable product. The effect of various treatments on the behavior of in vitro consecutive micropropagation stages of Capparis spinosa was studied and a micropropagation protocol was developed. Many media were tested; Murashige and Skoog (MS) at different basal salt strengths, modified MS (½MSD) and woody plant medium
(WPM) for the establishment stage. WPM was found to be the best medium for establishment of mother plants. Multiple shoots were obtained on WPM medium supplemented with 0.8 mgL -1 kinetin in combination with 0.05 mgL -1 indole-3-butyric acid and 0.1 mgL -1 gibberellic acid. High frequency (80%) of rooting was obtained on ½MS medium supplemented with 5 mgL -1 indole-3-acetic acid. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized with 63% survival. Abdoallah A. Sharaf, Ahmed Bahieldin, Samir A. Ibrahim, Aly Z. Abdelsalam, Ashraf A. Khalil (Egypt) Biochemical and Genetic Characterization of 12 Silybum marianum Accessions Collected from Borg El-Arab, an Egyptian Habitat (pp 22-29) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: Silybum marianum, known as milk thistle (MT), a plant that grows throughout the Mediterranean, southern Europe and parts of the US, has been used for some 2000 years as both food and medicine. The aims of this study were to determine the morphological, biochemical (protein profile and isozyme) and molecular (RAPD- and ISSR-PCR) characteristics of MT and to identify and quantify its active ingredients. Twelve accessions of MT collected from Borg El-Arab, an Egyptian habitat located at the north/west coast, were tested. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis indicated that two accessions cultivated in location 3 had specific bands. Data analysis of isozyme banding patterns showed different migration rates for four isozymes (α- and β-esterase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase). These isozymes, belonging to different Silybum accessions found in the locations, may represent a degree of genetic variation. RAPD-PCR fingerprinting resulted in 83 amplicons (DNA bands), 33 of which were polymorphic. Furthermore, 10 accessions proved to have specific molecular markers. ISSR-PCR fingerprinting resulted in 40 amplicons, 16 of which were polymorphic. Six accessions-specific markers were found for MT accessions. The estimation of genetic distance based on SDS-PAGE, isozymes, RAPD-PCR and ISSR-PCR ranged from 85 to 95%. Nesreen M. El-Said, Ashraf I. Nagib, Zeinab A. Rahman, Sahar F. Deraz (Egypt) Prickly Pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill] Peels: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value and Protective Effects on Liver and Kidney Functions and Cholesterol in Rats (pp 30-35) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: Extract of prickly pear peels (PPPs) were evaluated for its chemical and nutritional composition and toxicity on liver and kidney function, as well as low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level on Sprague-Dawley rats. The proximate composition based on the dried weight (DW) of PPPs were: 18.50% moisture; 7% ether extract; 4.5% protein; 8% total ash; 4.9% crude fiber; 81.5% total solid, followed by both 12.8 and 288.7 mg/100 g carotenoids and ascorbic acid, respectively. Mineral analysis showed a high amount of Mg, Ca and Na: 987.2, 951.5 and 925.0 mg/100 g, respectively, followed by K (320.0 mg/100 g). Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents were lower 129.0, 90.8, 90.0 and 47.8, respectively. Sucrose and galacturonic acid were the main sugars. Linolenic acid (29%) was the main fatty acid followed by both palmitic (23.7%) and oleic acids (19.7%). The polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic acid (18:2 and 18:3) and oleic acid were also detected in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids (2: 1). In addition, kidney functions (blood urea and serum creatinine) of the treated group as well as the activity of liver enzymes viz aspartate tansaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were not significantly altered. However, the LDL-cholesterol level in the treated group was significantly decreased compared to the control. In conclusion, PPPs have no toxic effect on liver and kidney of rats and have significant nutritional value. Information provided by our work is valuable for further investigation on PPPs and its utilization as a raw material of functional foods industry. Hashim A. Abdel-Rahman, Abdel-Moty H. M. Hassanein, Nabawy A. I. Elkattan, Eman H. Ismail (Egypt) Evaluation of Twenty Botanical Extracts and Products as Sources of Repellents, Toxicants and Protectants for Stored Grains against the Almond Moth, Cadra cautella (pp 36-44) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: Management of stored product pests using substances of natural origin is nowadays the subject of much research. The effectiveness of 20 botanical extracts and products was evaluated for protecting stored corn meal against Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) infestation. Toxicity of the botanical materials was evaluated through screening of the tested botanicals on adults’ oviposition preference and the mortality of eggs and larvae. Besides, the repellency effect of the tested plant materials was evaluated against C. cautella larvae (20-days old). Repellency tests were carried out through food and area preference tests. Results showed that cedar wood oil, clove buds powder and orange oil were the most promising materials in protecting stored corn meal against C. cautella infestation.
Page 1 and 2: Functional Plant Science and Biotec
Page 3 and 4: Global Science Books, Ltd. Editoria
Page 5 and 6: Foreword Ashraf A. Khalil Biotechno
Page 7 and 8: Foreword Prof. Ahmad R. Bassiouny M
Page 9: SPECIAL ISSUE: CONTENTS Mejda Daami
Page 13 and 14: Mohamed El Sayed, Doaa A. Ghareeb,
Page 15: ABSTRACT Research Note: Extracts pr

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