Review of Greenland activities 1997 - Geus

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A review of Greenland activities, 1997 Martin Ghisler Director Field activities undertaken by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) in and around Greenland were at an relatively high level in 1997. A total of 115 scientific and technical personnel took part in GEUS expeditions, including 13 from the Danish Lithosphere Centre. The Survey’s total full-time staff numbers 360, of which 95 are concerned with projects in relation to Greenland. In addition the 20 staff of the Danish Lithosphere Centre, a research centre funded by the Danish National Research Foundation and administratively linked to GEUS, are mainly involved in research activities centred on Greenland. The Greenland Home Rule Government has a representative on the Survey’s Board of Management, and thus has direct influence on setting priorities for the institution’s varied projects. The Greenland Government Minerals Office (from January 1998, the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum) has also directly financed joint projects with GEUS, in particular airborne geophysical surveys, with a budget in 1997 of 18 million kroner. This supplements the grant of 35 million kroner provided by the Finance Law for Denmark dedicated to Greenland projects. Together with other sources of income, the total Survey budget expended on Greenland activities in 1997 amounted to 70 million kroner. As part of the agreement dated 14 November 1994 between the Prime Minister of Denmark and the Premier of the Greenland Home Rule Government, concerning strengthening of the mineral resources sector in Greenland, two GEUS geologists were seconded to the Greenland Government Minerals Office in Nuuk throughout 1997. This arrangement covers both the oil resources and mineral resources sectors, and involves two-way communication of geological information of particular relevance to the non-living resource sector. GEUS, in cooperation with the Mineral Resources Administration for Greenland, Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the Minerals Office in Nuuk, has continued the joint information service directed at the international oil and mining industries. This activity concentrates on the presentation of geological results and information relevant to resource prospecting on land and offshore at meetings, symposia and exhibitions, in addition to the distribution of publications, newsletters and reports. In the field of mineral resources, particular efforts have been directed at Canadian companies, and in respect of oil resources to companies in both North America and Europe. GEUS has assisted the Mineral Resources Administration for Greenland in geological questions concerning the activities of companies with concessions in Greenland, including monitoring of grønArctic’s activities on Nuussuaq, the work of the Statoil group on the Fylla Banke, and with respect to new mineral concessions in West Greenland the area calculation of mineral licences. In the summer of 1997 GEUS monitored Rio Tinto’s drilling activity on iron ore deposits east of Nuuk on behalf of the Mineral Resources Administration for Greenland (Fig. 1, A). The Danish National Research Foundation has announced that funding for the Danish Lithosphere Centre is to be extended for a further five-year period (1999–2004) with a grant of 85 million kroner. Geological mapping Systematic geological mapping for the 1:500 000 map series has been continued, and in 1997 as the Survey’s largest single activity a two-year project with significant international participation was initiated in North- East Greenland (72°–75°N: sheet 11, Kong Oscar Fjord; Fig. 1, 3). Field work in 1997 was concentrated in the southern part of the map sheet, with investigations of the composition, structure and age of the lithological units making up the Caledonian fold belt, and studies of the post-Caledonian strata to the east. During the summer the expedition was visited by the Danish Minister Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 180, 7–9 (1998) © GEUS, 1998 7
12 14 10 Nuuk 6 1 9 8 A 7 13 11 Inland Ice Fig. 1. Survey activities in Greenland in 1997. A: Commercial drilling activity, north-east of Nuuk; 1: Ore geological studies, Washington Land; 2: Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden glaciological studies; 3: Regional geological mapping, North-East Greenland; 4: Geophysical survey south of Mestersvig; 5: Marine geological survey offshore South-East Greenland; 6: Plate tectonic studies north of Ivittuut; 7: Lake sediment investigations, West Greenland; 8: Ancient life studies, Isua; 9: Lake sediment studies, Kangerlussuaq; 10: Hydrological and glaciological reconnaissance, north-east of Sisimiut; 11: Aeromagnetic survey, West Greenland; 12: Hydrocarbon studies, Nuussuaq Basin; 13: Ore geochemical studies, West Greenland; 14: Danish Lithosphere Centre, geological studies, West Greenland; 15: Danish Lithosphere Centre seismic survey, offshore South-East Greenland. for Research, Jytte Hilden, and the Greenland Home Rule Government Minister for Research, Marianne Jensen. 5 2 15 3 4 East of Nuuk in West Greenland, a major research project coordinated by GEUS, focused on the search for traces of life in some of the oldest known rocks on Earth in the Isua area (Fig. 1, 8). In addition to detailed geological mapping a series of specialised studies will be undertaken by a group of scientists from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, USA and Australia. In the northern border zone of the Ketilidian orogen north-east of Ivittuut (Fig. 1, 6) in South-West Greenland, studies undertaken in cooperation with a British geologist are aimed at elucidation of plate tectonic processes 1800 Ma years ago. A programme to digitalise the Survey’s 1:500 000 geological map sheets, undertaken in cooperation with the Minerals Office in Nuuk, has been completed; CD- ROM products will be released in 1998. Work by the Danish Lithosphere Centre in 1997 was limited to onshore studies in the region between Sisimiut and Aasiaat (Fig. 1, 14), and a seismic survey offshore South-East Greenland (Fig. 1, 15). Mineral resource investigations As part of the continuing emphasis on promotion for the exploration of Greenland’s natural resources, airborne geophysical surveys were flown in 1997 over areas in both East and West Greenland. The surveys were managed by GEUS, and carried out by international geophysical contractors; they were financed by special grants from the Greenland Home Rule Government. A magnetic survey was flown over the land and sea areas between Aasiaat and Uummannaq (Fig. 1, 11) in West Greenland, and a magnetic and electromagnetic survey was flown over a particularly prospective area south of Mestersvig (Fig. 1, 4) in East Greenland. The data acquired are included in geoscientific databases at the Survey, where they can be consulted by industry. As part of the regional 1:500 000 geological mapping project in North-East Greenland (Fig. 1, 3), geological and geochemical investigations were carried out with particular interest in possible gold mineralisation. As part of the Polar Research Programme of the Danish Natural Science Research Council, ore geological investigations were carried out in Washington Land (Fig. 1, 1), western North Greenland, and revealed hitherto unknown indications of zinc, lead and silver mineralisation. In the Uummannaq and Upernavik kommunes (Fig. 1, 13) in cooperation with the Minerals Office in Nuuk, ore geological investigations were carried out, partly 8
Page 1 and 2: GEOLOGY OF GREENLAND SURVEY BULLETI
Page 3: Geology of Greenland Survey Bulleti
Page 6 and 7: Contents Bold numbers refer to the
Page 10 and 11: using Greenland-trained prospectors
Page 12 and 13: Canada Svartenhuk Halvø M Karrat I
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 3. Mid-Cretaceous sandstones o
Page 16 and 17: Fig. 6. View of the 300 m high part
Page 18 and 19: Dam, G., Larsen, M. & Sønderholm,
Page 20 and 21: Svartenhuk Halvø Greenland Ubekend
Page 22 and 23: 1974) and in 1978 by M.V. Dana (Bre
Page 24 and 25: offshore Marraat Killiit, where the
Page 26 and 27: these areas must therefore be treat
Page 28 and 29: Olsen, T. & Pedersen, G.K. 1991: Th
Page 30 and 31: SW 0 km 10 km 20 km 30 km 40 km 50
Page 32 and 33: Diagenesis and reservoir properties
Page 34 and 35: Fig. 3. Paragenetic sequence of dia
Page 36 and 37: Petroleum geological activities in
Page 38 and 39: Fig. 2. Incised valley in the proxi
Page 40 and 41: The thickest and most complete Jura
Page 42 and 43: 250 PALAEOZOIC 200 150 MESOZOIC 100
Page 44 and 45: Sequence stratigraphy of source and
Page 46 and 47: W PLATFORM BASIN E HST SB 2 SB 3 HS
Page 48 and 49: TRIASSIC JURASSIC RHAETIAN HETTANGI
Page 50 and 51: Cretaceous STAGES Volgian South 120
Page 52 and 53: Member, has a very low content of m
Page 54 and 55: Upper Permian Ravnefjeld Formation
Page 56 and 57: Wandel Sea Basin, eastern North Gre
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Greenland, and along the zone of la
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Fig. 3. Unconformity between faulte
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Tertiary to Recent uplift is propos
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Airborne geophysical surveys in cen
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lock is located in northern Jameson
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Carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag mineralis
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Fig. 3. New Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, ea
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Analyses of three mineralised vein
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Karrat 97: reconnaissance mineral e
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56° 54° 52° 0 50 km 56° 54° 52
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Mineral occurrences and exploration
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mainly defined by heavy mineral con
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Hydrothermal activity in the Upper
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A B 10 µm 10 µm C D 10 µm 10 µm
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A B Gn Cp Cp Py Sp 50 µm 100 µm G
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Christiansen, F.G., Piasecki, S., S
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Fig. 2. Common Pb diagram with mant
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Fig. 3. Sm-Nd isochron plot for dat
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Mojzsis, S.J., Arrhenius, G., McKee
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supracrustal succession is thus at
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olite’, a unit that was traced al
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sequence. In: Sidorenko, A.V. (ed.)
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Fig. 1. Lithotectonic sketch map of
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Fig. 3. Archaean basement gneisses
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Fig. 5. Tectonic contact between Ar
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Fig. 6. Two sets of mafic dykes fro
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2. Emplacement ages and exhumation
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Reassessment of the north-western b
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Fig. 2. The basal part of the Ketil
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▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ NNW shortening Tran
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the dating of individual granite pl
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North-East Greenland 1997-1998: a n
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Fig. 2. Stauning Alper with summits
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Fig. 4. The oldest parts of the cry
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Fig. 6. Exposures of part of the Ym
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Henriksen, N. 1998: Geological fiel
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20 53° 51° 54°15' 54° 53°45' 4
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Fig. 3. Range chart of selected pal
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Palynostratigraphy The dinoflagella
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epresents an overall progradation o
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(ed.): Petroleum geology of Northwe
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53° 51° 72° Inland Ice 72° Gree
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from the Carlsberg Foundation, and
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55 m 454 m a.s.l. 453 Samples Hystr
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Seismic investigations offshore Sou
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0.0 DLC97 Line 11 Leg 163, Site 988
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68˚N 44˚W 42˚W 40˚W 38˚W 36˚W
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tirelessly operating the seismic ge
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Fig. 2. Block with ultramafic xenol
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Late Cenozoic wood from Washington
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Table 1. Data on wood pieces from N
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Pingos at Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, ea
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A B C D E F Fig. 3. Pingos in the o
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Late Quaternary palaeo-oceanography
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600m waterdepth 250m 250m 250m 250m
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flow deposits with a considerable a
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A B Fig. 2. A: Lake G97-19 (60°04.
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Facing page Fig. 3. Limnological me
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7 8 5 Geology 1:500 000 10 Quaterna
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1997/124 Investigation of the ore p
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