Issue infomation - Global Science Books

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva (Japan) Orchids: Advances in Tissue Culture, Genetics, Phytochemistry and Transgenic Biotechnology (pp 1-52) ABSTRACT Review: Orchids include some of the world’s most important floricultural (cut-flower) and ornamental (pot and garden) plants, some of which have pharmacological interest. Even though seed propagation has been recorded since the early 19 th century, their micropropagation and tissue culture dominated orchid biotechnology until the 1990’s, while transformation and molecular technologies are now being more intensely focused. This review highlights literature until about 2005 that pertains to ornamental orchid in vitro cell, tissue and organ culture, micropropagation, genetics and transformation, and takes an in depth analysis at how each of these disciplines has influenced the use of biotechnology in the improvement and preservation of orchids around the world allowing orchid research to take a new direction in recent years. Closely related to this is the use of phytochemicals and secondary metabolites from orchids, which serve important medical and industrial purposes. Using biotechnology, these phytochemicals can be further explored and manipulated in vitro. Debashish Behera, Chandi C. Rath, Umaballava Mohapatra (India) Medicinal Orchids in India and their Conservation: A Review (pp 53-59) ABSTRACT Mini-Review: Application of traditional knowledge for the utilization of natural products, particularly of plant origin, has gained importance in the past several decades. For the tribal people of different parts of India, there is limited alternative to herbal medicines, which they have used for time immemorial. Along with other medicinal plants, orchids are considered to be an important source of herbal medicine. Orchids are among the most diverse of the flowering plant families, with over 181 genera and 1229 species specific to India. Orchids, which are well known for their floriculture value, are also used for curing several diseases. Due to over-exploitation for medicinal use and for the cut-flower trade, many orchids have become either rare or endangered. This review attempts to summarize the use of micropropagation to conserve Indian orchids of medicinal significance. David C. Zlesak, Kathy Zuzek, Stan C. Hokanson (USA) Gender Inheritance and Identification of Male Sterility Gene RSMS1 in Intra- and Inter-specific Crosses of Dioecious Rosa setigera Michaux (pp 60-64) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: Rosa setigera Michaux (prairie or blackberry rose; 2n=2x=14) is the only dioecious rose species and only member of the Synstylae section (=Systylae) native to North America. Although flowers have male and female structures to attract pollinators, only one gender is typically functional per genotype. Intra- and interspecific crosses were made to document gender segregation in progeny. Seventeen of the 19 intraspecific crosses did not deviate from a 1:1 female:male ratio. The remaining two families shared a parent, with one family having significantly more and the other less of each gender. Interspecific crosses were only successful with female R. setigera genotypes, indicating the existence of unilateral interspecific cross incompatibility. All F 1 hybrids were male-sterile and female-fertile. Segregation for male fertility was observed in subsequent generations. Segregation data support the conclusion that a single gene (RSMS1) controls male sterility with a dominant allele needed for the male-sterile phenotype. This gene has high penetrance, but in some interspecific populations has weakened expressivity as seen by very low rates of in vitro pollen germination (
Besides checking the efficacy of different media, the effect of capsule maturity level, photoperiod (0/24 h; 12/12 h L/D), activated charcoal, plant growth regulators [6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)] on seed germination was also assessed. The seeds from undehisced green capsules germinated with better frequency than seeds from mature burst capsules. Germination occurred regardless of media type. Amongst all media tested, highest germination percentage (62.75 ± 2.63%) was achieved in BM1 and activated charcoal (AC) under continuous darkness. The addition of NAA (1.5 mg l -1 ) to medium resulted in the early formation of seedlings within 21.05 ± 0.05 weeks. Higher concentration of BA reduced the percentage of seed germination. After germination for 8 weeks in total darkness at the protocorm stage, a shift from darkness to light conditions (12/12 h L/D) was required for differentiation of protocorms into seedlings. Chlorophyll development was a post-protocorm phenomenon in the cultures. The current study has the potential to assist with the future development of ex situ conservation of this endangered species by producing innumerable viable seedlings. Kathryn Kamo (USA) Optimized Conditions for Biolistic-mediated Transformation of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ (pp 71-76) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: A variety of tissues were used for biolistic-mediated transformation of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’. Transgenic plants were not recovered from five-month-old, “non-select” callus or suspension cells that had been bombarded with pDM327 that contains the bar-uidA fusion gene under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. In comparison, ten transgenic plants were recovered from “select” callus that had been selected for its embryogenic-like appearance. Transgenic plants were also obtained following direct bombardment of precultured bulb scales. Both preculture time and preculture medium had an impact on transformation frequencies. Bulb scales cultured overnight on Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 1.0 mg/L picloram before bombardment with 0.6 µm gold resulted in a transformation frequency of 0.9%. A one week or one month preculture time on Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 1.0 mg/L picloram yielded higher, 4.2% and 5%, transformation frequencies, respectively. When bulb scales were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium with either 2.0 mg/L dicamba or 0.5 mg/L picloram, lower frequencies of transformation, 1.2% and 0.8%, respectively, were observed. Direct bombardment of bulb scales eliminates the time needed for callus induction and multiplication when embryogenic callus is bombarded. Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva (Japan), Apiradee Uthairatanakij, Kullanart Obsuwan (Thailand), Kazuhiko Shimasaki, Michio Tanaka (Japan) Elicitors (Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid) Affect Protocorm-Like Body Formation in Hybrid Cymbidium (pp 77-81) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: Protocorm-like body (PLB) production from hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’ was examined on a new medium, Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) medium in response to chitosan and other elicitors. TC PLB, the control medium specific for induction of PLBs, contained a unique set of micro- and macro-nutrients, 0.1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mg/l kinetin, 2 g/l tryptone and 20 g/l sucrose, and solidified with 8 g/l Bacto agar. Crude deacetylated chitin (i.e., chitosan), chitosan and hyaluronic acid (HA) had a pronounced effect on PLB formation, depending on the concentration, when added to TC medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). In all cases, the performance was never better than TC, although 0.1-1.0 mg/l chitosan or HA produced more PLBs/PLB and a greater fresh weight than TC basal medium without PGRs. This indicates that both these elicitors could induce PLBs and thus acted as phytohormones. Peroxidase activity, a signal of stress induction, increased in PLB extracts of PLBs grown on medium containing chitosan and HA, peaking when these elicitors were supplied at 50 mg/l. Babita Saha, Animesh K. Datta, Siraj Datta (India), Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva (Japan) In Vitro Corm Development, Field Evaluation and Determination of Genetic Stability of Corm-derived Elite Gladiolus Germplasm (pp 82-85) ABSTRACT Original Research Paper: An efficient protocol for in vitro corm production of Gladiolus (cv. ‘Green Bay’, ‘Intrepid’, ‘Sabnam’, ‘White Friendship’ and ‘Red Ginger’) was developed using liquid culture and coir as a matrix. The initial culture was established from the basal portions of the innermost leaves in Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid basal medium with 2.0 mg l -1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Adventitious shoot buds developed (MS supplemented with 0.2 mg l -1 NAA and 2.0 mg l -1 6-benzyladenine) from responding callus (10-15 per callus culture) and elongated in solid MS with 0.5 mg l -1 NAA. High regeneration frequency of corms (98.90%) was established when individual plantlets were cultured in MS liquid medium supplemented with 6% sucrose and 0.5 mg l -1 NAA. In vitro corms were successfully cultivated in the field (‘White Friendship’ –
Page 1 and 2: Floriculture and Ornamental Biotech
Page 3: CONTENTS Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Page 7: Research Note: Tuberose (Polianthes

Issue infomation - Global Science Books

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?