The Cost of the Death Penalty in Maryland - Urban Institute

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Ichimura, Smith and Todd (1997) and began with a parsimonious model containing several theoretically important predictors of selection (the filing of a death notice) and add predictors one by one, retaining all predictors that are significant at p < 0.5. This process yields a propensity score model with fifteen predictors, and a Pseudo R 2 of 0.25. Table 2 lists the predictors that were retained in the analysis. In order to assess the quality of our propensity score model, we compare follow Sianesi (2004) and compare the Pseudo R 2 of the propensity score prior to and after using inverse probability of treatment weights. After weighting, the Pseudo R 2 of the propensity score model is just 0.04 and a likelihood ratio test fails to reject that coefficients in the propensity score model are jointly equal to zero. In addition, independent samples t-tests confirm that no differences remain among variables in the weighted versus unweighted sample, indicating that our model is sound. Table 2 – List of Predictors in Propensity Score Analysis (Stage 2) Age of defendant Race of victim (1 if white, 0 if not) Victim was executed Victim was killed in own home Victim was elderly or frail Victim was unable to defend himself Evidence against the defendant was circumstantial A9 – The same incident produced multiple murder victims County dummy variables (reference category = all other counties) • Anne Arundel • Baltimore City • Baltimore County • Harford • Montgomery • Prince Georges Year of Case Stage 3 – Outcome Models In the third stage of the analysis, outcome models are specified using the sampling weights generated in (A3.2). Next, outcome models are of the form specified in (A3.3): COST i = β0 + β1*DN i + β2*DS i + πPS i + Zϕ + ε i (A3.3) In (A3.3), COST i is the total cost of processing case i to all stakeholders, DN i is an indicator variable equal to 1 if the case had a death notice filed and 0 if not and DS i is an indicator variable equal to 1 if a death sentence was handed down and 0 if not. PS i is the propensity score estimated The Cost of the Death Penalty in Maryland 63
in Stage 2 and represents the probability that case i receives a death notice. Z is a vector of covariates theoretically related to the cost of processing a case. In models without any additional covariates, the intercept parameter, β0, is the average cost of a capital-eligible case in which the death penalty was not sought. It is possible to obtain estimates of the total cost of each category of capital-eligible case by adding each successive coefficient. For example, β0 + β1 yields the average total cost of a case in which a death notice was filed and β0 + β1 + β2 yields the average total cost of a case in which a death sentence is handed down. All outcome models are run using the sampling weights estimated in Stage 1 of the analysis. The Cost of the Death Penalty in Maryland 64
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The Cost of the Death Penalty in Ma
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
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prosecuted cases may have been more
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THE COST OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN MA
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Table 1. Results of published studi
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sentence at $4.46 million (not incl
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Figure 1. Death Penalty Case Proces
Page 17 and 18: During the penalty trial for a capi
Page 19 and 20: Maryland Court of Special Appeals.
Page 21 and 22: The Maryland Judiciary Case Search
Page 23 and 24: notice. However, given that a death
Page 25 and 26: models to generate the propensity s
Page 27 and 28: Table 3. Descriptive Statistics Dea
Page 29 and 30: length of phase at every stage of t
Page 31 and 32: we add the propensity score estimat
Page 33 and 34: Cases receiving a death notices are
Page 35 and 36: costs over the duration of a case.
Page 37 and 38: REFERENCES American Bar Association
Page 39 and 40: Paternoster, Raymond et al. (2003).
Page 41 and 42: case management system. In many cas
Page 43 and 44: espondents, who we also contacted.
Page 45 and 46: APPENDIX B - CONSTRUCTION OF CASE-L
Page 47 and 48: To estimate the hourly wage rate to
Page 49 and 50: eport that the amount of time prepa
Page 51 and 52: Table A2.8 Estimated Hourly Wage Ra
Page 53 and 54: Table A2.10 Rental Value of Circuit
Page 55 and 56: PENALTY PHASE COSTS The penalty pha
Page 57 and 58: COST OF CASE REVIEW We differentiat
Page 59 and 60: Reporter and $34.78 for a Deputy Sh
Page 61 and 62: level, we observed the number of ap
Page 63 and 64: log-log relationship between prison
Page 65 and 66: APPENDIX C - ECONOMETRIC MODELS Sta
Page 67: twenty-four variables, indicating t
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The Cost of the Death Penalty in Maryland - Urban Institute

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