MD Product Description - Glencoe

Student Edition
No matter what combination of board
drafting and CAD makes up your curriculum,
Mechanical Drawing:
Board & CAD Techniques provides
all the information your students
need. Chapters are divided into
three sections:
• Drafting Principles
• Board Drafting Techniques
• CAD Techniques
This structure enables students to learn
drafting principles before practicing
either board or CAD techniques to
create technical drawings.
Drafting Principles
T
echnical drawings must show all parts of an taken away, so that the cut surface and whatever is
object, including the insides and other parts not inside can be seen, as shown in Figure 8-1B. On a
easily seen. These hidden details can be drawn with normal view, a special line called a cutting-plane
hidden lines, but this method works well only if the line shows where the cutting plane passes through
hidden part has a rather simple shape. If the shape is the object. See Figure 8-1C. On the sectional view,
complicated, dashed lines may show it poorly. They the cut surface is marked with thin, evenly spaced
can also be confusing, as shown in Figure 8-1A. lines. This is called section lining or crosshatching.
Instead of dashed lines, a special view called a section
or sectional view should be drawn in these later in this chapter.
These concepts will be discussed in greater detail
he process of dimensioning a drawing involves
Tseveral steps. In many instances, drafters prefer
cases. A sectional view shows an object as if part of The basic section lining pattern described above
first to prepare a freehand sketch with dimensions
it were cut away to expose the insides, as shown in is the ANSI 31 symbol. It is not the only pattern, but
and notes and then to do the final drawing. This
Figure 8-1B.
it is the one that is used in most cases. ANSI 31 is a
allows the drafter to determine the amount of space
general-purpose symbol; you can use it for objects
required for dimensions and notes before costly
made of any material. It is used especially when
errors are made on the final drawing. Either way, the
Understanding Sectional
more than one kind of material need not be shown,
process of adding dimensions is exactly the same.
Views
such as on a drawing of a single part.
Figure 7-78 is a two-view drawing of a post socket.
Follow the steps below to create the dimensioned
To best understand sectional views, imagine that However, special section lining symbols can be
a wide-blade knife has cut through the object. Call used to show what materials are to be used. ANSI
drawing.
the path of this knife a cutting plane. Then imagine provides for many symbols to stand for different
1. Prepare a freehand sketch of the post socket
that everything in front of the cutting plane has been materials, as shown in Figure 8-2. Under this system,
views to determine how much space will be
required for dimensions and notes. Figure 7-79
shows the two views with adequate space
CAD Techniques
allowed between and around them.
2. Prepare an instrument drawing of the two views,
complete with centerlines.
3. Study the shape and details of the views before
beginning the dimensioning process. Once you
n this section, you will create a CAD drawing of to use these commands is to are display sure about the Dimension which dimensions are needed and
Ithe post socket shown in Figure 7-81. Notice that toolbar. To display the toolbar, where pick they Toolbars… should be from placed, draw all necessary
Figure 8-1X
this is the same drawing shown in Figure 7-78, but the View menu at the top of the screen. In the dialog
(A) When an object’s internal structure is
complex, hidden lines become confusing or with subtle differences. The differences are due to box that appears, pick
Figure
the check
7-78X
box next to
hard to read. (B and C) A sectional view the use of the AutoCAD A software. The differences Dimension to turn on the toolbar.
Finished drawing of the post socket.
provides a much clearer description of the are minor, and both versions are acceptable by ANSI
inside of the object.
ARROW SHOWS
2X Ø.38
Ø1.12
and ISO standards.
DIRECTION OF
Ø.75
1.00
SECTIONAL
R.60
The CAD procedures are slightly different from
VIEW
the board procedures. For example, you don’t need to
CUTTING PLANE
draw a freehand sketch to determine how much LINE space
will be needed for dimensions and notes. Instead,
Working with Toolbars
When you turn on a toolbar, it appears in a separate
window on the screen. Therefore, you can
you can estimate how far apart to place the views. If
you find later that you have CUT SURFACE allowed IS too SHOWN little BY or SECTION too LINES
1.75
B
move the toolbars around as necessary to get
much space, you can move an entire C view, complete
them out of the way of your drawing activities. 3.50
with dimensions and notes, to space them properly. You can also “dock” them by dragging them 2.10to
To dimension a drawing using AutoCAD, you
Chapter 8 • Sectional Views 277 the top or either side of the drawing area.
will use a series of dimensioning commands. The
names of the commands are long, so the easiest way
1.60
Creating the Drawing
.44
Figure 7-81X
Follow these steps to create a CAD drawing of
(4.70)
The appearance of the post socket drawing when completed
on a CAD system. Notice that the CAD operator
ROUNDS AND FILLETS R.10
the post socket:
1. Set up the drawing file. Study the drawing in
placed the dimensions, centerlines, and hidden lines on
Figure 7-81 to determine
264
the appropriate Mechanical sheet
different, color-coded layers.
Drawing: Board and CAD Techniques
ø1.12
size. Create a new drawing using the corresponding
drawing template, and set the grid and snap
1.00
2X ø.38
2X R.60
ø.75
to convenient intervals. Create layers for objects,
centerlines, hidden lines, and dimensions, being
sure to use the appropriate linetypes. Set the
units to decimal inches with 2 decimal places.
2. Decide which view to draw first and approximately
where in the drawing area to place the
1.75
3.50
view. In this case, create the primary centerlines
Ø2.10
for the top view first, because they will help
define the features of both views. Then offset
the primary vertical centerline 1.75 to both sides
1.60
to create the secondary centerlines.
.44 3. Use the LINE, CIRCLE, and TRIM commands
with the appropriate object snaps to create both
(4.70)
views of the post socket, complete with center
ROUNDS AND FILLETS R.10
Board Drafting Techniques
Figure 7-79X
Two complete views of the post socket spaced to provide
room for dimensions and notes.
extension lines, extend centerlines, and add leaders
as needed. See Figure 7-80.
4. Finally, add dimensions, arrowheads, specific
and general notes, and any other details necessary
to complete the dimensioning process.
Remember, when the drawing is finished, it
should tell the production workers the exact
shape and size of the finished part. Your drawing
should look like the one in Figure 7-78.
Figure 7-80X
The post socket with extension lines and leader lines
added.
Chapter 7 • Dimensioning 265
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

V-BLOCK
The Student Edition also includes:
Chapter Review—Contains
a list of summary points and
review questions to help students
check their understanding
of the material presented
in the chapter.
CHAPTER
Chapter Summary
■ Pictorial drawings are useful in engineering,
architecture, advertising, and manufacturing.
■ In isometric drawing, measurements can be
made only on isometric lines.
■ In isometric drawings, circles appear as ellipses.
■ Isometric drawings can be dimensioned using
either aligned or unidirectional dimensioning
methods.
■ Isometric, dimetric, and trimetric are the three
types of axonometric projections.
■ In oblique pictorial drawing, two axes are parallel
to the picture plane.
■ Oblique drawings can be made as cabinet, normal,
and cavalier.
■ A perspective drawing is a three-dimensional
representation of an object as it appears to the
eye from a particular point or location.
■ A technical illustration is a pictorial drawing that
provides technical information using visual
methods.
n Isometric and oblique drawings can be created
using either 2D or 3D techniques in AutoCAD.
Perspective drawings are created in 3D.
Review Questions
1. Describe two uses for pictorial drawings.
2. What are the three most common types of pictorial
drawing?
3. Which type of pictorial drawing is most natural
in appearance?
4. What do you call a line that is not parallel to
any of the three isometric axes?
T
5. Is an isometric projection larger or smaller than
an isometric drawing?
6. Explain why measurements can be taken only
along isometric lines in an isometric drawing.
7. Describe a situation in which a reversed isometric
drawing might be useful.
8. What is the major practical difference between
isometric and dimetric drawings?
9. In what way is an isometric drawing different
from an oblique drawing?
10. In an oblique drawing, how many axes are parallel
to the picture plane?
11. When creating an oblique drawing, how should
you place the object?
12. What is the difference between a cabinet and a
cavalier drawing?
13. Describe the general procedure for developing
a circle on an oblique drawing using board
drafting techniques.
14. What is another name for surface shading?
15. Briefly explain how to create an oblique drawing
using AutoCAD.
16. What is the vanishing point in a perspective
drawing?
17. What two factors affect how an object looks in
perspective?
18. In what way can the grid and snap features of a
CAD program help a drafter create an isometric
drawing?
19. How do you create isometric circles using
AutoCAD?
20. What is the purpose of the DVIEW command in
AutoCAD?
C H A P T E R
Drafting Problems
he drafting problems in this chapter are designed
to be completed using board drafting techniques
or CAD.
Figure 12-75 X
2.50
2.50
24 50
13
76 27
6.00
5.50
130
2.50
1.25
1.25
30
.62
A BRICK
B LAP JOINT
C HOLLOW BLOCK
0'-10
1.25 2.25
2.25
.50
1.00
6.00
5.25
4'-0
1'-8
3.25
2.00
.75 1.38
1.00
CONCRETE STEPS
DOOR STOP .25
D BASE PAD
E F
30
60° .75
30°
2.00
2.50
50
4.00
.25
.75
10
150
5.50
.25
2.00
24 70
30
16
2.00
TOY BOAT
METRIC
1'-4
0'-8
For problems 1 through 15, determine an appropriate
scale and create isometric drawings according
to the instructions for each problem. Do not
dimension.
1. Determine an appropriate scale, and create an isometric
drawing of the object(s) assigned from Figure
12-75. Note: These objects may also be used for
oblique and perspective drawing practice.
METRIC
G H I
SAW BRACKET
.75
1.75
90°
454
Mechanical Drawing: Board and CAD Techniques
Chapter 12 • Pictorial Drawing 455
Drafting Problems—Provide
abundant opportunities for students
to apply their drafting skills.
Design Problems—Challenge
students to apply their drafting
and design skills.
Tech Math—Explanations of how to use the technical
math required in various drafting-related careers.
CAD Tip—Procedural tips and
techniques related to the CAD
procedures in each chapter.
Success on the Job—Workplace tips
to help students work successfully in
drafting-related careers.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

SECTIONAL VIEWS
DRAWN BY
Student Workbook
Drafting and Design Problems
This Student Workbook is packed with
drafting and design problems related to
every chapter in the Student Edition. The
problems, which vary in difficulty from
basic to advanced, are designed to meet the
needs of a broad range of students. You will
find familiar, time-tested standards as well
as new problems related to new material in
the Student Edition.
Problem 8-1: Convert the right-side
view to a full section. Use generalpurpose
section lining.
Problem 8-2: Complete the right-side
view as a full section. Use general-purpose
section lining.
Problem 8-3: Complete the right-side
view as a full section. Use generalpurpose
section lining.
Problem 8-4: Draw the front view as a full
section. Use general-purpose section lining.
Problem 8-5: Draw the front view as
a full section. Use general-purpose
section lining.
Problem 8-6: Draw the front view as
a full section. Use general-purpose
section lining.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
DATE DWG NO.
83
Real-World Problems
“Real-world problems” at the end of the
Student Workbook challenge students to
draw upon their drafting knowledge and
skills to complete problems that drafters
in various disciplines may face routinely.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

www.tifaq.com
Student Workbook
Instructor Annotated Edition
Answers in Place
Answers to problems in the Student Workbook are
shown in color in the new Student Workbook
Instructor Annotated Edition. These answers “in
place” make it easy for you to check student
assignments.
Problem 8-1: Convert the right-side
view to a full section. Use generalpurpose
section lining.
Problem 8-2: Complete the right-side
view as a full section. Use general-purpose
section lining.
Problem 8-3: Complete the right-side
view as a full section. Use generalpurpose
section lining.
Problem 8-4: Draw the front view as a full
section. Use general-purpose section lining.
Name ___________________________ Class __________________ Date ___________________________
Problem 8-5: Draw the front view as
a full section. Use general-purpose
section lining.
Problem 8-6: Draw the front view as
a full section. Use general-purpose
section lining.
Activity 3
Copy Holder Design
You work for the research and development unit of a company that manufactures office accessories. Your
team has been asked to develop a copy holder for data entry specialists. (A data entry specialist is a person
who enters data from hard copy into a computer database or spreadsheet.) Based on market research, management
has requested the following features:
• adjustable viewing angle
over easily)
• means of illuminating the papers on the copy holder
DATE DWG NO.
• method of keeping papers in place on the copy stand (so that they don’t blow off or curl and fall
• space for a minimum of 100 sheets of paper
Part I: Research
83
SECTIONAL VIEWS
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
DRAWN BY
Ergonomics and ease of use are important considerations for any kind of office equipment. For example,
you will need to determine the angles at which the papers are held on the stand, the brightness and direction
of the light, and even the source of the light.
1. Search for information about the best angle for viewing copy while seated at a computer workstation.
Different sources may suggest slightly different angles, but that is good. Recall that your design
specifications include an adjustable viewing angle. List your sources and the angles they suggest on
the lines below. Then indicate the range of angles you will provide in your copy holder design.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Helpful Web sites include those of most major computer manufacturers. Examples include:
__________________________________________________________________________________
www.compaq.com/comfortguide
__________________________________________________________________________________
Range of angles for copy holder: _______________________________________________________
2. What type of lighting is best for this application? Should you specify incandescent or fluorescent
light? How will the light be powered? Will you need a power cord, or will the light be batterypowered?
If a power cord is needed, how long should it be? If a battery is needed, how big will it need
to be, and how will the battery fit into the overall design? Record your notes on the lines below.
Helpful Web sites include:
__________________________________________________________________________________
www.safetyoffice.uwaterloo.ca
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
254 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Instructor Resource Guide
This Instructor Resource Guide is a powerful
resource that provides numerous teaching aids
and activities to help you deliver well-rounded
instruction.
Instructional Plans include:
• Chapter objectives to help you focus and plan lessons
• List of pertinent drafting standards (ANSI and ISO)
• Several student activity ideas
• List of related components in the Mechanical
Drawing program
• Written and performance assessment assignments
• Answers to chapter review questions
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Chapter Handouts reinforce and extend
instruction from the Student Edition. One
of the handouts for each chapter is
a glossary of terms from which students
can build a complete drafting dictionary.
Testing Program helps you
assess student mastery of the
principles and skills developed
in each chapter.
WORKPLACE AND
COMPUTER SKILLS
DRAFTING
RESOURCES
CHAPTER
TESTS
ANSWERS TO TEXTBOOK PROBLEMS
Other resources include tips for managing a technical
drawing program, information about computer/Internet use
and workplace skills, and answers to drafting problems in
the textbook.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill