468192
468192
468192
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958<br />
: J? ?<br />
. : ; •<br />
" \<br />
J<br />
I _ . ti<br />
'<br />
R<br />
' _ i<br />
t .., ' .<br />
C<br />
_'<br />
! ^ ! / ,<br />
r ' ,.<br />
_<br />
{<br />
i y :<br />
i V 1<br />
. i O I<br />
-.<br />
G r " ;<br />
,<br />
P R C . .<br />
`,<br />
, {<br />
,,<br />
'<br />
,<br />
f . .<br />
t ., v .<br />
L<br />
( " / +<br />
(<br />
1<br />
"_ F/<br />
. i1 t<br />
_ , 1<br />
J<br />
.. /<br />
\ Y<br />
^<br />
- a.<br />
V<br />
b<br />
,<br />
O<br />
N<br />
CD<br />
tV<br />
I<br />
~<br />
'<br />
'<br />
,.<br />
_<br />
'<br />
I<br />
t<br />
f<br />
•ṛ .. t<br />
,<br />
i<br />
,<br />
: -<br />
.,:.<br />
,<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
_ , ,<br />
__<br />
,<br />
._ _..<br />
; . , . _ ,<br />
j :<br />
=<br />
. . w<br />
.<br />
_ 1 .. • ' ' '<br />
,<br />
,<br />
r -: , $ l /<br />
.<br />
• i<br />
'<br />
r "<br />
_<br />
,<br />
T<br />
R +<br />
.<br />
V'<br />
. ,<br />
. > > -<br />
a ..- ,<br />
ao<br />
, - s<br />
Volume Two<br />
THE SELE: TI Ot OF BOYI 3Ṣ AND FUSES r OR AIR<br />
ATTACKS<br />
M<br />
/<br />
/<br />
/<br />
/<br />
/<br />
1<br />
C<br />
t<br />
_ a f<br />
!<br />
1<br />
i<br />
l<br />
.<br />
- V<br />
1<br />
I<br />
V I<br />
1<br />
f •<br />
i .,<br />
J<br />
r<br />
}<br />
`<br />
, ,,_ `<br />
- --<br />
I<br />
1._<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958<br />
- _ _ _ - ' _ _<br />
.<br />
_ . . - ' _ . _ _ . - i - . _ • _ . f - _ _ - ` .<br />
, - . . - ' . , •<br />
. ; ` 1<br />
,<br />
1 1 . r • ' . - } i '<br />
- _<br />
'<br />
-<br />
+ , , , .<br />
' . , -<br />
} '<br />
. -<br />
' ; -<br />
^<br />
y<br />
, .<br />
'<br />
• ' '<br />
. , ., . _ - ' .<br />
_ ,<br />
- .<br />
'<br />
i •<br />
, .j r -<br />
'<br />
.<br />
- - • r .<br />
, .<br />
: • .<br />
:<br />
. - ' . . i t ' ' - ' ' ` ;<br />
• • • • ' •<br />
_ I<br />
I _<br />
J •<br />
. . - 1<br />
t _<br />
•<br />
_<br />
' L •<br />
T<br />
•<br />
'<br />
„ -<br />
.<br />
_ , ,<br />
, .<br />
. . .<br />
. ^ • ' ' . •<br />
; •<br />
. u<br />
_ . .<br />
•<br />
., - t • . • , i _<br />
h<br />
. ,<br />
.<br />
•<br />
,<br />
-<br />
. , ' • i :<br />
' •<br />
_<br />
- ' {<br />
. .<br />
a- •<br />
t<br />
,<br />
. , , ,<br />
'<br />
,<br />
•<br />
- •<br />
•<br />
. •<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
. +<br />
4 .<br />
, _<br />
. ,<br />
'<br />
-.<br />
r. . . ' y; .<br />
. , . •<br />
. ,<br />
sL<br />
• • . - . ;<br />
.<br />
•<br />
,<br />
, . . _ . .. • ' ' f<br />
•<br />
" -<br />
1 _ - _<br />
` - _ . ` :<br />
•<br />
r<br />
ry<br />
,<br />
, _ r ? f ' •<br />
.- .<br />
- . r<br />
.<br />
' - • K '<br />
• . I.<br />
. . _ - ` . .<br />
_<br />
•<br />
'<br />
L<br />
. . i<br />
A<br />
•p a 1 1 7 .<br />
f<br />
W 1 - . .<br />
. . - . _<br />
A l 1 . F`<br />
. . i i<br />
-<br />
,<br />
-<br />
I<br />
!<br />
. . . ' . - " :<br />
:<br />
' '<br />
•<br />
,<br />
' .<br />
'<br />
,<br />
• •<br />
•<br />
j + J T ,<br />
' y<br />
f<br />
!<br />
.<br />
I<br />
'<br />
_<br />
. - . . .<br />
X • • .<br />
- . .<br />
r<br />
; : i i<br />
,<br />
-<br />
1<br />
y<br />
,<br />
'<br />
i<br />
'<br />
t•<br />
- ' . , . - 1 i t<br />
G i<br />
, . . ' ' 1<br />
_ .<br />
1<br />
; •<br />
.<br />
Y<br />
•.<br />
.<br />
_ .<br />
,<br />
,<br />
_<br />
T<br />
.<br />
'<br />
- Th a .<br />
a: t u ! l ec t i on af , , b s aad 1 ,<br />
is ẹs f or Jli r ț a h ;<br />
' ; '<br />
_.<br />
• , .<br />
._,-. .<br />
=. ., _ , , ; ;:<br />
.<br />
.<br />
I ; t<br />
_ . k.<br />
. . •<br />
c orr e s -<br />
. pon dia t o t h e t e hni etl pr o$r CSa ma e by G erms r . r y . . th ẹ ; ,- .•. .. I<br />
-. ;<br />
*<br />
.. ' I b<br />
l<br />
'<br />
`<br />
.<br />
-<br />
.`•.<br />
'<br />
end ' 5<br />
oi ' or l d Nst ' I I ,<br />
aṇ. a wou3 d .<br />
have r ePl ac ed t h e Lu f ṭ wai '#e . . , a , _ - ; • .<br />
•<br />
,,<br />
.. . . . _ - 'f . - -<br />
. . -<br />
.<br />
1<br />
`l<br />
I i<br />
_<br />
+ec t i ve $ , an d 8<br />
_, of Jr n 191+1 . ''he g ener al pṙ i a Qi s ' I<br />
. . , _<br />
.<br />
_ T .. ,<br />
.<br />
. , • .<br />
, : -, • . . .<br />
a :a n . , g z e d i n P a r t I _a d t ' e • 't a Gț i c l o b : j e t i e s i n di ca , d i f ' r<br />
. • :<br />
" . :i<br />
• . - _ . .. • ' , . •<br />
„ : .,r '<br />
,,<br />
r<br />
'<br />
, , T w i - ... .<br />
:9 _<br />
. r .<br />
• Par t IV ha 4e • e a pecr t l y ea ac t e l r om vt h er r e at i o . , _ .<br />
, r ' ,. _<br />
.<br />
. ; 4<br />
, +_ , _ . r<br />
, . . s . . - . ` ,<br />
i ;<br />
-<br />
, ,`<br />
.<br />
i s o e s . te y - e e wi t m ,<br />
o ra i des e : l<br />
_ I .<br />
n Pa t I I = ṯ 1 '' ' f • , . , i<br />
- •<br />
• . -<br />
. - . .<br />
r<br />
. , , . . - .<br />
.. P<br />
_ , • .<br />
' i r ,t<br />
.<br />
r " • '<br />
di i<br />
r e c t i v e . . ( s t n d )<br />
. r ss a g ;<br />
n;ẹ r a l d e s cr i p t # . on o f a 3 r Gr a f t : ' - . •<br />
I<br />
. , - . . - • , . _<br />
. - ,<br />
i -<br />
S? - - _<br />
• ,<br />
. •<br />
. .. ., . ,. -<br />
a . . . • , m murx t i on i n ḻ , I<br />
rt i ng t abl 4' ' s d s t a t i t i ca . .<br />
I a r t I I B' . .<br />
-<br />
. .<br />
. . . .<br />
_ . . . . . . _ i ' , ,M<br />
_<br />
e ver y bomb i s b , r i s l y des a i b e ri t h cr os e r ẹ Yes s n c d :` ; o t he " :: : ' .<br />
- '<br />
'<br />
.<br />
. •<br />
. . .<br />
_ .<br />
. -<br />
- `'<br />
, I `<br />
; -<br />
_ r t ;<br />
, • - .<br />
`<br />
. , .<br />
,<br />
•<br />
; .<br />
• . •<br />
,<br />
, ,<br />
-<br />
`<br />
,<br />
. i •:' :<br />
i Yl us ti r a t 3 . oz F - V .<br />
-<br />
, - _ : ' • , ^' '<br />
Y<br />
,. , r : . >=: -<br />
' , .<br />
' . _ .<br />
-<br />
, _.. < '<br />
.: .ḥ : < . -<br />
P a r t I I I .<br />
eu f .<br />
o ẹ s f Q pr e pe r i ng a bombu tg a t cl i , ns<br />
. r<br />
. _ _ ._. . , ,<br />
'<br />
i<br />
'<br />
,<br />
t<br />
- i ' '<br />
as t b e t ẹc, ui3<br />
_<br />
1 .<br />
t rai ni ng of t u$er i s a dvanc e d ' er qug h t o ga •<br />
_ ; , .- _ . . . .<br />
, _ , ,<br />
. : _ : . • - f<br />
. .<br />
_<br />
hi m t h e c ;bi l i t , y t o uae ; cee e c#a t a . - - ' ' ' V ' ' '<br />
. -<br />
. . . _ .. . , . _ • .<br />
-<br />
4<br />
y<br />
. - . . .<br />
+ -<br />
. . • T :<br />
+<br />
P t ,I<br />
,<br />
.<br />
_ .<br />
- • ' -<br />
.• . . .. - . , 4 ti •<br />
F f e r e eui oPp or u ni t y t o b e c om dor e t h or ou g h -<br />
; - ;<br />
•- = I<br />
*<br />
. ..• _ ; , .<br />
• ., ti . .<br />
a c 4 u t td t h t h e com1<br />
ne ut e o b omb 8 d es t i n ed f a j' r t s<br />
. . _ - . _ , . . , -<br />
° _ .- . '<br />
t<br />
. ,<br />
• :<br />
; y<br />
.<br />
'<br />
. . . . -<br />
; a r a no t dea t ;s t<br />
.<br />
.<br />
- . . 1 Y<br />
'<br />
, r<br />
y . yr _ -<br />
-<br />
l - I<br />
, - i<br />
- • .<br />
-'+<br />
par t 3P ò r f or t hs . , .<br />
ev ent t h a t t l e :e i f e c -<br />
. . ,_ _.. , . . ,, +.<br />
, _ -<br />
.<br />
' '<br />
=<br />
_ . .<br />
s'"'<br />
. .<br />
- ,. , . : ,.<br />
_<br />
-<br />
* ti 9<br />
.<br />
: • _<br />
of t<br />
:<br />
he s m ni t i o<br />
_.<br />
n i e ;<br />
a ot ;<br />
f u1 ., Y kti qam .<br />
- - . -' ; •-<br />
.<br />
• .: , , -<br />
- , ; .<br />
_ ; . .<br />
, r<br />
.<br />
• - L i<br />
f<br />
.<br />
The -dat a i ven .n P ar<br />
t s I I and I I C a nd D c onc ei hi ng••<br />
ke •- 1<br />
, • _. , .. . 'f<br />
. .. . , . _ . . , ,: ,<br />
•<br />
•<br />
r .<br />
. .<br />
, . . . ' -<br />
.<br />
_ . _ ..-f : •<br />
- L<br />
,<br />
. , .<br />
: • . ; s _. f , s - ' .<br />
e f 'e c t o , - b ombs ar a ba s e; d - o t t b ' r e s ul t s o f t e chni ca l , ; t e s t<br />
~<br />
e x -<br />
- • •<br />
. , Ij . , ' ;<br />
. ,<br />
.<br />
_<br />
v • _ . • '<br />
on m t I : ra t i m e .<br />
qx e r ie n c e ' . , _ _. f _ ' . ., . • '<br />
- ,_<br />
"t<br />
_ . _ ,;<br />
- (; -<br />
•<br />
1<br />
'<br />
. - . _ .<br />
r • , . t . o-<br />
' der . ,<br />
ria amoun t<br />
, o f e 3 o u nes e ras i_<br />
.<br />
ne ri ṭ s b l e ; ị `f `1'<br />
i - a n _ ; •<br />
I 1<br />
' •<br />
_<br />
. . . .<br />
'<br />
l : y 1<br />
1?<br />
-<br />
-<br />
.<br />
• - .<br />
-<br />
- t ' • '<br />
•<br />
i<br />
'<br />
-<br />
i l r •<br />
- - _<br />
-<br />
_<br />
t ech Cc a
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- ;-<br />
Tr e a e l e c t i o rl o i i a :a u s ; r, a . u s e s f o r Ai r A a c k ;;<br />
i 'a bi r o f i; o n t e n t s<br />
i=r e i ' a c e<br />
1 a ' 1 : ,<br />
o f orl e n t s<br />
I ,<br />
v en e r a l F r i n c i 1 e s<br />
I I .<br />
G e r e r s l :i i s c u i o o i t l: e L i i e c t o b o s<br />
•<br />
1 .<br />
1'n e r r e : s u r e a _<br />
d =r'r u e i: t a i i o r ; i f e c t<br />
.<br />
F e :: e i r a t i o n i :ḷ i o z h e ' a r e<br />
. F u ses<br />
. '1'h e f i ec c o f F i r e<br />
. U iderwaLer xplosious<br />
: . .<br />
`hn e F i ? e c ;; o i' C e . i c a i b o rLs<br />
' . h e Re i a t i o r s iii p o f At La c k i • :e t 1 GC: , t o t h e I;z f e c t o o r r s<br />
l o s s a r u F :ze r c::a i Au br e
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ _; _<br />
• i; i e<br />
.<br />
G I I E ?. l l; a - , : : :o _<br />
: a - , _. : ' l a s i .<br />
La L: _ :; ,<br />
i r - ; e a<br />
: C. U t l ` : L<br />
. L :<br />
l a l e : r i a l i ii n e s , : e r i a l . i a e r c .: ' , :_u ti e r _ a i :' o r : a n e<br />
, ' i c i : .<br />
: L a u G . ..<br />
c:: L l<br />
1 :<br />
.<br />
'<br />
i<br />
l i<br />
i l j v U . i v .<br />
i i : l : ' i ti<br />
T Ul e .<br />
1 _<br />
: i . :e : : ; _<br />
I :ap ui• _1 . c ; i ., , u . r<br />
1 : G 1 C' 1<br />
.<br />
; O u l'<br />
_ LLL1V i ' : Ii Q : / V ::1 "J G . . _<br />
' .<br />
`J : : G I :<br />
i<br />
- v 5 1 V ,"<br />
.<br />
t' ( . . i 1 i l ' ; C S .<br />
L . :<br />
i : G T' i: l i C i ' l<br />
L 1 G t1 O i 1 > O t VS i .<br />
: 1 a e ; _ i I1 :1 1 0 ' ; Ẹ' C l G t? : i ị T' C .<br />
j C C a<br />
*<br />
I i ' U:a r ! r' l: I •a 1 i ,<br />
1 .<br />
r i •a ;, e r .<br />
r : t i , : ; : : o : . .: s<br />
_ . '1Li i ,<br />
l )I C - '1 .<br />
1r V : . UL; S<br />
j<br />
.<br />
i ; : - L I Z: l o s i "e o .<br />
a c ;,<br />
- ".<br />
s: i i C i : a , e<br />
.<br />
ul U ;,<br />
;<br />
. : .<br />
o r - 1 '1 ? "C l l l : : .<br />
:: o [aU<br />
:: d ( , . L ?1 c i O ;I : i V l l ia u .`.' . L ° ,<br />
"; 1 ,<br />
O t i "1 b' i ,<br />
i ḷ l ' • 'J ,, : 1<br />
. . . v .<br />
. r (: 1 3 1 L }: 1 Q:<br />
. L V i .<br />
U :i U:7 1i 1C 1 a C1ill :i l ; l YZ i L: 1 Uii1Z i 1 L<br />
; .<br />
I u c .<br />
e ,: cz i i °- . , L « c a<br />
.<br />
Ci. eru i c : . l , :;. io".;e ,<br />
r ' a ; i :, a : a 1'i a r e Lo :as ,<br />
i r - u ea :?e c u<br />
.. 1 J : . a 1 S<br />
y . r i :ṭ l l r e s ,3r: c i : ; e i l "l • c e<br />
l u .<br />
x e •i ;i i li l i v e y c , l e i :: r s<br />
1 1 .<br />
s l :<br />
C'<br />
- T' i i l . .<br />
U : L 1 " v 3 j : l U : 1 ,<br />
L O i : !; E : . 1 :i _:<br />
, ;<br />
; .<br />
: ,<br />
U 1:1 L i " i S L S<br />
l<br />
•<br />
1: _ l U ; i l V t' l . . _<br />
1 J<br />
( r • ,`..<br />
t i ' v eY I l/11C L I i<br />
_<br />
e C ,_ l. J 'r d l c .<br />
e d<br />
J<br />
L<br />
_ i j><br />
, _<br />
LVU" LUC'<br />
b OI.l L' S<br />
'i , Ll e 1 ; : 1 e .; t i o t r e ii e i -: .<br />
i i i o ci i C<br />
J z c; . :<br />
d<br />
i b 1 .<br />
i 4 : „ i e r : •<br />
ie a s r : r" ti t .<br />
i . a Ui - 1 : i i e k a•e . s u r e : i i e o i i :: z: .<br />
1 v , . i ' e<br />
. . . . " : S<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
Ta b i e l r : Li r t b l a s t r i r e c cs<br />
1' a b i e 1 7 : i1n ; e r rva t e r Fr e s s r e<br />
i a bl e 1 : r e n e t r s t i v e r o v e r o f r r :<br />
. ;ti e i: L s<br />
`l a b l es l y 4 u : Ti uie s o r F a l l a i, Lr i f 't R c -a a i .l s<br />
Ill u s tra ti on 2l : S t;r ess n es i s tanc e an d ua l i t y<br />
D .<br />
h e E f f e c t o f Bo r b s o n : a v a l Ve s s e l s<br />
I i l u s t r a t i on z : Co ip a r i s on o f i 1 e 'Ja r i o u s 'y ,e s o f Lomu c<br />
Ta bl e 2j : , x ; l o s i ve Ef i e c t o i :, ot: b;;<br />
'l a lJl e 4 : Pen e t r a t i oii Pe r . or i a n c es<br />
Ivur ti e r o f ii t s Ke . u i r e ti; .<br />
i c r i nk : i„ s<br />
I l l us t r a t i o z j : Ef f e c t o f l ,<br />
l u l t s o:ab s (1 - i i , ; h .. pl o ::i ve ) a ::<br />
Ja r s h i i<br />
I V .<br />
T a r ; e t Re c or d s i cr Tor b i n 0 e r a t i _<br />
a s<br />
Ge n e r _ l<br />
A .<br />
Ivo s .<br />
1 - 1 : G1o uii d i a r e t s<br />
E .<br />
i o s .<br />
i - 3 : I a va l 'ha r ;; e t s<br />
s a r ;; e t<br />
Ch a r t<br />
1T .<br />
I l l u t r a t i _<br />
v e Ta b i e s i:o s .<br />
l ,<br />
2<br />
_<br />
j 2 ( A:' p e ii di x )<br />
Li s t o i I i l u t r a t i v e + :z 'ol e .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 6 -<br />
Tr . e Se l ac t i o n o f Bor bs a nd F .<br />
a e s f Or Ai r At t a cr s<br />
I .<br />
Ge ne r :: l P r i nc i l e s<br />
Certain rrinciples rave to be oLserved i i se l ectin<br />
bornbs and fuses f or a i r attacks so tha t po J;erful ar .<br />
d lastino<br />
r e s ul t s may b cạ on t a i ne d .<br />
Th e e x F-e r i e nc e s o f 'a o r l d ' ' a r I I h a v e<br />
f r e que nt l y s i i o .m t ' a t t he e f f e c t . s o f a t;t a c ks wo ul d ae do ui , t -<br />
f ul i f s o r e o = t h e f c l l owi n„ pr i z c i r ) _<br />
es a r e i o l a t e d .<br />
Moreover ,,<br />
it is absolutely neṛe sary<br />
that tiie staffs and<br />
unit cemmanders do•nn to th E squa dron lea d ers l evel be technica ll y<br />
or i e nt e d o n t h c ai, s t r uc t i on a nd e f f e c t o f a i r c r a f t a rununi t i on<br />
as pecified in the f ollovrin;; parts II and III of th i s s tudy .<br />
Attacks on Ground `fargets<br />
•l he bo mbs t 'rla t a r e us e d s h oul d no t t;e o f a l a r e r ca l i be r<br />
than is absolutely esseptial to destroy or effectively dama ;e<br />
tre ob J'ective<br />
under attack .<br />
But to use ca lib ers th at are too<br />
s c s l l aroul d b e e qua l l y rrr on unl es s t h e r e a r e s uch c onpe l l i n<br />
li u itations as li nited carryinb<br />
c .<br />
pacity o f the availat , le air-<br />
. craft or tYe accidental nonavailability of certain t yges of<br />
borab e r s .<br />
1 .<br />
The o v e r l we i ni n` uia j o r i t y o f i a val a nd ; r oun d t ar ; e t s t ha t<br />
are not particularly well<br />
protected can be most appropriate l 3r<br />
a t t a c k e d ri t h h i o h - e x t l os i ve b ocnbs Le cwus e t h z s c a t e o r y o f<br />
boutbr; i s c a pa bl P o f hi t t i r .. ; t h e t a r Er wi t h t h e ma x i murn<br />
jlua n t i t y o f ex pl o s i v e s i n co mpar i s o n ṿi t h a t h er borabs .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
r, - ; -<br />
h<br />
t '<br />
T<br />
. . : i i :<br />
1<br />
t l C r -<br />
t<br />
1 I f r<br />
i i<br />
. ; l 1 : 1 i 7 ' .' - F' v .<br />
J<br />
. _<br />
- _<br />
.<br />
J Y J i i<br />
.<br />
1 1 . 7 L a<br />
.. J.<br />
L r :<br />
e<br />
, ;<br />
:<br />
- - 1 C . . . ,. -<br />
' es ;<br />
_ ; ' . :t, ..<br />
' : ; 1 ' ' _ , rl: l . (;:-t ., .<br />
> .<br />
i> ..' .<br />
>; = 1 . r t o r r C<br />
i<br />
' %: l<br />
;1 _• '. ^<br />
. -<br />
' ; N 1 ' (J l t : ><br />
,<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
. t - ° ] T` - ' r' i - , : L r l ` : O i J ? ; =t Z'<br />
.<br />
..-<br />
.<br />
v 0<br />
t ' : .<br />
F' C i C' l't O Y2 +<br />
f L ! - i : ' a<br />
_<br />
- • '<br />
-<br />
E ' }<br />
.<br />
i<br />
. .<br />
T<br />
_<br />
'<br />
l<br />
. C l l l ' 1. : . :<br />
'<br />
_<br />
" ' ?l '> ` ' Cj , 1 1_t:_l ) , _ C C )<br />
.<br />
' . ! t<br />
i<br />
, _ ' . . L ? : i : :<br />
. .<br />
f'<br />
t t i i :. t t<br />
U ' i ' : ;1 ' : _`' _<br />
:' : .<br />
.<br />
: 1<br />
t<br />
: : :<br />
C '<br />
1 - , L ' I ' .<br />
. t ' . . . , ? ; 1<br />
-<br />
I' " :<br />
,<br />
: L L `•,<br />
1 :<br />
_<br />
j . 1<br />
. L1 Q [ ' : i<br />
f<br />
°<br />
-<br />
t t<br />
. . i t i<br />
, . , :<br />
{ l<br />
_ . : T' T<br />
, - . _. . .<br />
.. _ v . .<br />
i<br />
. _<br />
i ,<br />
i<br />
..<br />
l ) c'<br />
l<br />
.<br />
t<br />
-<br />
. . -<br />
'<br />
:<br />
_ ._ _ ' r '<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. _ - l i l ' S` '<br />
y . l f T . , l . i : _ . . ..<br />
13 : 1 ' . _<br />
' i ' _ ,. : -<br />
!<br />
- - J<br />
T i l , f ḷ l l 1 ,- . f - i ;<br />
t C<br />
i<br />
l l :r ^ ' 1 ( ,<br />
1' -<br />
1<br />
_ . i ' ' ' : 1 a r<br />
. . . . - ' - - 1<br />
-<br />
-<br />
1- • i .<br />
^ G ' . I<br />
_<br />
7<br />
_<br />
I C<br />
_<br />
i r<br />
- . . . .<br />
: }<br />
- ., -<br />
!<br />
.<br />
_ l" .<br />
1<br />
a 1 ( : j -<br />
'<br />
,a l .<br />
: , a n l;_ . ; r r e :, _ s s . r ' r a :r .<br />
x t t _ i . " : .<br />
` h ev c a n t h er e f o r e o nl y<br />
be us e d a :; a i ns t s u c h , r o r u ta r ; e t :<br />
t ha t a t t a ck o f tivh i c h j u s +'i f i e s<br />
t h e ex e ndi t ur P o f u;a t e r i a l s t ha t -r e di f f i c u l t t o pr o c ur e .<br />
j ,<br />
xrmor-piercin<br />
f o r f r a cne nt a t i on e f f e c t ,<br />
i f f r a •<br />
,<br />
and hig11-explosive bombs should not be u sed<br />
proper<br />
e r t . a t i on b oa b s ^ r e a v ai l a bl e .<br />
-<br />
, s ho ul a a l wa s us e t he s ma l l e s t<br />
. : h en e m l o ? i n t r e l a t t e r , c ne y<br />
possible caliber unless<br />
the res i stivity o t th e target re
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 8 -<br />
on which the greatest effect can be scored .<br />
Th e use of the<br />
so-called nuisance fuses cannot be left to the field forces<br />
but must be specially ord -,ed in accordance with detailed ans<br />
prepared by the air force headquarters staffs .<br />
In<br />
calculating the quantities of bombs needed to destroy a<br />
certain target on land and in es tablishing the distances to<br />
be held in stick<br />
bombing , one caa use th e data on effectiveness<br />
of individual bombs given<br />
3n Part III .<br />
The above-mentioned<br />
princip?es could not be adh ered to iạ every case in preparing<br />
the ta bl es for ground ta•g ts contained in Part IV b ecause o th er<br />
factors such as the rarticuliarities of the target ,<br />
the effect<br />
of the dropping altitude on<br />
target accuracY ,<br />
the various l oadin t<br />
capabilities of the aircraft , etc ., played an important part .<br />
_<br />
G enera l P r i nciples for A<br />
_<br />
tt acking N aval Taroets<br />
The main purpose sho ld be to produce Ruch<br />
damag - that th e<br />
attacked ahip will s 3ṇ k .<br />
This will usually be ac ,<br />
hieved onl y<br />
by affecting thosp par ts of th e target that ar e under water .<br />
To produce damages below th e waterline of Rhip requires<br />
t ha t t h e bo mb de t ona ' e as l o•° a s pos s i ble i n t h e s h i p .<br />
Bombs<br />
`hat oxplode nPxt lo a ship -- so-called near misses -- and<br />
he most effe•tive distances from the side of the hip are<br />
expl a in ed in detail in Par t III ,<br />
ta bl es incl»ded .<br />
To be consider<br />
d n this c nnection is the factar that thesA bombs<br />
sho»ld not sink to to, low a level .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
Th e a : rn n i t z on s t o r a g e a r ea s c f a .ra r h i p r e s i t u a t e d<br />
be l o l r t r : e a r mor pl a t .<br />
n „ , r_a e v e r ,<br />
y e f i o r t r u .. t ' oe a d e<br />
co n l a e t h e bo mḅ t h e r e b e J - - t ti}e s u r es t a n d u ; ck e s t<br />
ma nn er t r .<br />
d e s t r oy a wa r s li i p i s t o ex Nl o e i t s s t o ck o f<br />
powder and ex losives.<br />
c , v Pn t h ou h s o ::re rLOde r n wa r s l i p n wv e o e e :: s u n l Gy o n e<br />
in le lar_;e bomb , attack of iieavily armored ships ener3 11 y<br />
r e ui r P h e u s e o f va r i o u s t zl p e s o f b or b s t h e dr opp i n ;; o f<br />
. v h i ch mu s t b e p r op e r l y c o or d i na t e d an c tivi l l d e er .<br />
d n t h e<br />
ccnditions prevailin; i n the tar et area .<br />
Such<br />
shiys usually<br />
a r e h e3v i l ,<br />
y a r mo r e d a n d h a ve n u;r .<br />
e r ou s wa t e r t i hl t c o rpa r t me n t s .<br />
The zirst attack wave of plar . es ri11 ordinarily not succeed<br />
i :: s i nk i n<br />
.<br />
t h e e n er7rv s h i p un l _<br />
e s s t h e c a i t e r o f bo mbs e:np l o y e d<br />
!<br />
is extremely lar e or the aṛrnunition stora e areas are hit<br />
d i r e c t l ỵ by a s ma 11 _<br />
e r bu t v er y ;::en e t r a t i n b omb .<br />
0: t h e o t n e r<br />
h , 3n d , ryri Tl or d 3rua ; e s i n f l i c t e d u p on i r . ,p o r t a r .<br />
t r _<br />
_ r t s o f t ize s i .<br />
o f t er r e s ul t e d i n t l: e ev e r _<br />
t u al de s t r u c +i o i o t h e ve s s e l 'oy<br />
i r o r n _<br />
v a l a t t a - k f o r c c .<br />
Th e . o s t e f i e c t i e vaa ,<br />
y t o a t t a c h<br />
l a r ;<br />
e r o d e r n ṿa r s h i p s i s t h e r e f r e t o l a u . . c h c o o r d i r _<br />
a t e d<br />
a s s a u l t s : i t i i h i h - e x l o s i v e a r .<br />
d a r rao r - p i e r c i n b a r:l b s .<br />
The shix aat3 s b eets in t art IV of thi s tuci ,<br />
y indicate the<br />
bombs<br />
that 3re particularl}• uited for sinkin ; each specific<br />
s h i p .<br />
Th i s cio e s n o t e x l u de .<br />
h a e v e r ,<br />
t i e u s e o f o t h er c a l i b e r s<br />
or weapons<br />
for this n>>rhose.<br />
Comb i r:e d a t t a c ks o i a e r i a l t o r e do e s - n d h e a v ỵ bombs a ; a i n s t<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
T H IS PAG E D EC LA SSIFIED IAW E 12958<br />
- i ọ -<br />
a Rroup o f u arshi ps h ave prove d effective and have made it<br />
possible to achieve the rapid destruction of the Pnemy<br />
f orcee.<br />
Th e available data regarding the quantitiee of aaununition<br />
expended<br />
in such attacks .<br />
h owev r ,<br />
do not permit proper ana l ys i a ,<br />
as men tioned in Part III petain i na t o aeparate employment .<br />
It might also be d^ irable to render useless the fli ght -<br />
deck of a i rcra ft carriers by f ra aeatation bombs and aircraft<br />
.<br />
.<br />
m ounted weapons in an effort to Pli n ṇa te countera i r and antia<br />
i rcra ft reeistance prior to staging the main attack v h the<br />
most devastating weapons.<br />
As to the effect of fire on ships ,<br />
the employment of incendiaries<br />
n FhipR ie norma ll y out of question . Di rect hitB<br />
witn explosive bombs usually cause heavy fires of fuel ,<br />
facilities ,<br />
or<br />
the cargo carried on board ship . F r this reason no larger<br />
bomb than an 1 ,<br />
100 - 1bs hi h - explosive will be used against<br />
Rven th e largest unprotected vessel .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- - l<br />
-<br />
I I .<br />
u e n e r a l Di s c u s i o n o f t i e E f f e c t o f B o r :<br />
b s<br />
1 .<br />
Tk•_e P r e s s tir e a n d i r a r . ie n t a t i o n i f _<br />
' e c t<br />
f h e l:r i n c i a l e f f e c t o i a b o .<br />
• b i s c a u s e d b y t h e d e t o n a t i o n<br />
o f i t s e x : _<br />
l o s i v e c 'r.a r e h y rr il i c h t h c 3 r e t i s d a n a e d o r<br />
d e s t r o ,<br />
y e d a s a r e s u l t o f t . , e p r s u r e o f t h e e x n l o s i o n o r<br />
t h e p e n e t r a t i o n o f e x p l o s i v e f r a ;cne n t ; o f t h e bo mb c a s i n;=; i _<br />
n t o<br />
t ie t a r ; e t . t t :ni n o r i s t a n c e s i t i s u u a l l y t h e a i r o r r .<br />
i r t<br />
•<br />
bl a s t ryh i c h c u s e s l a s t i n k a n d i r r e pa r a bl e 3a ma e t o btri l di n s .<br />
t l o n ; ; e r d i s t a n c e s o n l y t h e a i r c l a s t o f l a r e e x p l o s i v e<br />
c h a r e s Vr i l l b e f e l t , k n d t Ye f r a a :Le n t a t i o n e f f e c t i s t :r _<br />
e t io s t<br />
c o nuao ii -1 , u s e d me t h o d i r . a t t a } i n y l i v t a r , e t s a n d s e n s i t i v e<br />
- ^ t a r ; e t s .<br />
r or pr a c t i c a l c on s i de r a t i o r . s i t i s o o d t o<br />
r eMemb e r t h a t t h e : r e s s u r e e f f e t o f : : or b s i s pr o por t i on a t e<br />
t o t h e e x pl o s i v e c} a r . >;e a r d i n v er s el y pr o o r t i on a t e t o t h e<br />
qu a r e o f t 'r _<br />
e d i -t a n c e .<br />
i h e t er m ' nr e s s u r e " ;; en e r 3 1 1y mea n s<br />
t h e e f f e c t o f a n e x Ll o s i v e c, a r .; e n t Le a i r , on t h e r o un d ,<br />
a n d u n d e r rva t e r .<br />
I n o p e n .<br />
i r ,<br />
t r e e x p l o s i v e f i a me , .<br />
h o c k : la v e , e x c e s s r e s s u r e ,<br />
a n d s u b r r e s ; u r t a __<br />
p e a r i n t u azr , s o i::e t i e s wp h a i z e d b y r e -<br />
f l e c t i o n . s i d e f r o rn d i r t • l a s t s , e x a o s - a n r o n l: e r o u n d<br />
r e s u l t i ri t 11e c r e a t i o n o f c r a t e r s o r ,<br />
i f ! _<br />
e b o mb p e n e t r a t e s<br />
v e r y d e e l y ,<br />
i n t ize f o r :ua t i o n u f s u p t e r r a n e a n c a v e s .<br />
I n b o d i e s<br />
o f •rra t e r e x j l o s i o n s r e s u l t i n ; a s b u b Ll e s ,<br />
t h r u s t a n d p r e s s u r e<br />
;ra v e s a we l i a s i : : n u l s e s a n d Ll a s t - • a v e s .<br />
Th e t e r ;u " p r Gs s zr e " i n t ii e f o l l o :ri n a r t := o f t h i s s t _<br />
, d ,<br />
y<br />
' n a s o :z l y e : e r a l s i ; n i f i c a n c e a r . u n o s c i e n t = f i c i :l p o r t a n c e .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
'<br />
I<br />
.. . - : , - . . - . ., ,_• . - _ . _-. , _<br />
- _. • . . . .- . . " ,<br />
- . -<br />
. . _ - . : '<br />
'<br />
' • ,<br />
. .<br />
;=<br />
- ' .<br />
-<br />
• . - ;, . - , . ,<br />
'<br />
.<br />
.<br />
r<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
. . _<br />
. . -<br />
Y 1<br />
.<br />
_<br />
, _<br />
.<br />
_ .<br />
-<br />
.<br />
. . . . -<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
-<br />
.<br />
-<br />
-<br />
• .<br />
. . .<br />
, • • :<br />
,<br />
f - . . . . . . - , .<br />
-<br />
. .<br />
. . . -<br />
- .<br />
-<br />
• - . .<br />
-<br />
'<br />
. .<br />
_<br />
, •<br />
•<br />
' ' ] z<br />
' I<br />
,<br />
. , , - . . i<br />
. . - , . . ^<br />
•<br />
a<br />
• _ - • ' -<br />
. . . .<br />
2<br />
. Pen e't r a t i oa - nt o t ha ar get . .. _-<br />
' __ ____. . .: -_- -<br />
. . - - - - . _. -<br />
_ • - , ' ,-<br />
_<br />
The p; f f e t # e e ss - ọf a 'bom b ia o f t en det ermi ne d , . b y i t s • "<br />
_. - . - - . -. . . . _ - - . -,<br />
' , - . : . : -<br />
` • '<br />
. , .<br />
~ I<br />
f<br />
- -<br />
. _ power oi ^ t •<br />
i on ba o r e _<br />
i • a de t ona t i on ,<br />
l i th a i . •ea - I<br />
-<br />
_<br />
r eas t<br />
6<br />
• . ,<br />
. . •<br />
_ - . :.- -<br />
-<br />
•<br />
_ _ -<br />
- . - .<br />
.<br />
„ - , . ..<br />
•<br />
_<br />
f<br />
.<br />
c a l i be _<br />
_<br />
t<br />
, 'h i e p ads on t<br />
,<br />
-<br />
he :di am t ẹr "<br />
E ct #ạ .<br />
nal I ad , . .- - _<br />
. -<br />
. .<br />
- . ., - _ • _ -<br />
t h e • a hse e -o<br />
. t ' e ǹos e ' o. ne , :; t h e i mpa c t ape e<br />
. , an d t h e<br />
- _.<br />
•- ; . • • ._ . ,<br />
r es i l i enc c y o f , . h4 t ar g t . - . . . .<br />
. - `<br />
. , -, .. - . .. - . . .<br />
. . -<br />
- -<br />
.<br />
. l/ '<br />
_ .<br />
'<br />
.<br />
' . . " "<br />
•<br />
.<br />
,<br />
.<br />
. ,<br />
. _ - '<br />
}<br />
.<br />
, J<br />
. .<br />
. .<br />
-<br />
. . .<br />
.<br />
'Mo s t qrs i d t a r<br />
,<br />
,<br />
-<br />
g e t s i r ' ea s i l y pe me t r a e d b=r e x pl o $ i ve ,<br />
be ba '<br />
. =' -- .<br />
.<br />
- .<br />
- . . - -<br />
'<br />
'r ọ t e c a o d ạ b e c ṭ i ;v e a o r t `r i r<br />
. . .<br />
,<br />
e s t ha t a r e c a pa bl e - of e e i s # S e<br />
- - ,<br />
._ . , , , • .<br />
` J<br />
`<br />
. , .<br />
•<br />
_<br />
_ .<br />
. .<br />
r . ' .<br />
b e c a n e a f t h e c n $t . ; s a c t , an 1i 11 ha ve t o be a t ac e d r3 t h . -<br />
-<br />
-<br />
. ,<br />
•<br />
'<br />
. _<br />
. . .<br />
- _<br />
'<br />
~<br />
• . . • ti '<br />
' .<br />
•<br />
•<br />
,<br />
. ; • . - a rmor - pi er Ci g : o mba : d M p e r om bi gh al t i . : t ude8 s t ha t t h e r .`<br />
. ,_ __ . - ;'• : - . . .<br />
„<br />
.. , - . . - . , _ ,<br />
. "' . - " ean p ene a 4 e mor a e . . I n ' ny event ,<br />
t h e b amb eas e nin a t<br />
- . - - -<br />
.<br />
. , ,, L , . , . _<br />
- - . . ..<br />
- - _<br />
' '<br />
-<br />
. . - .<br />
- r em ri n l inda (g ed . _<br />
. ua t i l e det ona t i on acc ur s _ .<br />
.<br />
. . -<br />
. , : . . . -<br />
'<br />
.<br />
._,<br />
.<br />
_<br />
_ ' 7<br />
i<br />
.<br />
- _<br />
•<br />
3 . Fnoera - . ,<br />
- . -<br />
' - . . . ..<br />
. -<br />
,<br />
, - _ .. -<br />
,<br />
• S -<br />
. _<br />
,<br />
.<br />
Th e var i , ou t : ypes a b ombs -pr e pr ovi ds d rr i t h t has e f , . . ue a s . ,<br />
.<br />
I<br />
r -<br />
` ' - - .<br />
. ' =<br />
t _ - .<br />
. .<br />
ha t<br />
. c o r es p ond o t he 3 .r t . a c t i:ca l : i as e and t h s mos t "e- P e ct i ve - '<br />
. _ „ . - , -<br />
. . , •-. - - .<br />
.<br />
•<br />
r e e n l t s . ; : t hd •d e ;P e r<br />
. ? o a hee e u<br />
_, ,<br />
s e : d . • a l a g i 8t i cal fu ct i o . • .<br />
- • •<br />
: Ma s bombs . , aucb ete<br />
.<br />
h e 5 0- aa d . ,<br />
10 .<br />
4- 1bs ẖi g h - EZp7 . ©s i ve - -<br />
•<br />
' • bomb e ,<br />
; a r e ieqi i g ed i :t h e l e c t r i cal s i de - f u's e s . . G r ọua d arg fi . e<br />
- , - . . - ' - -<br />
;<br />
.<br />
,.<br />
. - - .<br />
.<br />
- i l t b t t a c ced i t h : -<br />
. .<br />
No i -. a d nava] t e . 4r ge t 8 ri t h Nos . ( -Y : .<br />
-<br />
-<br />
.<br />
_ - -<br />
"<br />
''-<br />
, - , o r { 8'} -- .: 'D e g e id 4g on e on di t i on o; t e t , r g e t , one c an - -<br />
, . • ._ : , , ' ; • -<br />
. ' _. -<br />
.<br />
- ,<br />
:<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
•<br />
_<br />
. .<br />
• e el ec t i i a t e- a t i ou . o r de 3 , , aye d aat i oa f u aee b a f ar e t be I a k , . ,<br />
- .<br />
- '+ +<br />
• .<br />
• • -<br />
- , : .<br />
'<br />
. .,<br />
_ ,r ,<br />
-<br />
_ . .<br />
• .' .- . '<br />
( 25 ) f e s .<br />
¢v e t he - pe ci a7 advair ag e t ha t oae . c,aa a t h m : -<br />
-<br />
J<br />
_. ,<br />
- - -<br />
. . , . _ -.<br />
__<br />
. _ . . . . . _. ._<br />
,<br />
. . . . , . r . . •<br />
. . .<br />
. . a . . . . . ,<br />
1<br />
'<br />
,<br />
• . ` --<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. . - ' f?o ; r _;o n g o ọr t de l q<br />
r - a ' b e t ar e t Ye bamb a r 'e . •-<br />
l oaded : o<br />
. - ,. - ,- - . .<br />
. . _ - _ . .. - , - ,<br />
• . . .<br />
' . . _1 .<br />
, ' .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
,<br />
, , . ,<br />
,<br />
, I<br />
_<br />
: t .<br />
-<br />
.<br />
he a i r r f . h mo . .. e , e n t C3$ } r - f ia ee an be s s t :<br />
f or t Lṛ e e -. -<br />
_ .<br />
__ , ; , , , • I<br />
I<br />
•<br />
,<br />
. '<br />
. .<br />
- . . - -<br />
- ,<br />
' •<br />
. . . .<br />
r •<br />
' ,<br />
. . _ . . - ; .<br />
•<br />
_<br />
f<br />
I<br />
'<br />
; - ,<br />
-<br />
. . - di f f è d it d e l ay'8 ,<br />
bu t dOt f o r _ i mme d i a ṭ e a c t i on ,<br />
Mnl t 3 pl - r ọ a e -<br />
. . _ . _<br />
, _ , _ . _. ->. -, - - . - _ . . - - -<br />
_ . .<br />
- • -<br />
. ' `<br />
.<br />
. • I<br />
.<br />
.<br />
Y<br />
,<br />
-<br />
. . . , - !o n b ec, ei e u a1 Y • 49. P e i t h :N . :.<br />
(5S r `f aee t ba t 1<br />
. ; t d '<br />
_ _<br />
- . ' ' - • ''' • -<br />
; . . `<br />
_ :<br />
;<br />
ti , . y<br />
I<br />
t<br />
• ; .<br />
t<br />
'r "<br />
-<br />
' : ' . -<br />
.<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
, , .<br />
- ' ` ,<br />
•-<br />
' -
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
,<br />
.<br />
, , _ . , , . . . I<br />
_ . .<br />
r<br />
.<br />
-<br />
.<br />
_<br />
. • - -<br />
:<br />
- ; . i<br />
w<br />
,<br />
.<br />
. _<br />
_ .<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
. .<br />
•<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. . . . . .. , .<br />
. . 1<br />
-<br />
.<br />
:<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
'<br />
. _ , . . . -<br />
_ l - -<br />
. • - - t<br />
- '<br />
. ._<br />
tl<br />
+ _ - •. _ I e<br />
_<br />
. . , . .<br />
. - . . _ _<br />
• • , '<br />
1<br />
'<br />
-<br />
.<br />
. -<br />
. . ' ' r - . . . . . -<br />
' .<br />
'<br />
. • , l<br />
. -<br />
• - . .<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
-<br />
•<br />
. . . .<br />
I<br />
.<br />
_ - . . . . . .<br />
.<br />
. :<br />
'<br />
'<br />
. . . _<br />
- 1 ' - . _ -<br />
1 ' - i ri t h .<br />
or wi ` hQu . Be 't t i ng h :e g •<br />
- '<br />
. • -<br />
-<br />
. - , • •' = ' . _<br />
' _ , -<br />
_ _ . . .<br />
' '<br />
. . - - , -<br />
_ _<br />
-<br />
-<br />
i<br />
.<br />
es o us .<br />
e s a r e ® - 'o l l d ; `- - ' ;<br />
:; , - .<br />
he 3 : nci } a .<br />
c at +c<br />
:- . . - . . - --<br />
`. .<br />
.<br />
_ - . ỵ_ - ., .<br />
. _ .<br />
+<br />
, . ' . ; _ -,<br />
.<br />
I<br />
,<br />
' - -<br />
- a ,<br />
Hi h : 8 s ii t . . ye i<br />
•<br />
' i s i s a c h i e va d by te ar i i ng t h<br />
- - '.;<br />
_<br />
. . . .<br />
_<br />
. . _ . : . . . . : . . A a . . u - ..y `- l P - -<br />
. . . . . . . . - ,<br />
- . + . - * ,t _ • : , . _ . : , r ; . , .<br />
- . - - f u$ s i t t he oe pf f r gmea t a i oa bombs or " b g uBi g Pec i e . , ' ,.<br />
. . _ • . : ,<br />
. . . . . . ' I -<br />
.<br />
- • • ;r .,<br />
. - - . . - ,<br />
- . . . _ _<br />
. •<br />
a . .<br />
v<br />
,<br />
. c es or .<br />
...iube xa;t h t<br />
.<br />
r i aa l . i ae eB o n -t e' s i<br />
, . _ Th e l a<br />
I<br />
t c _ ,<br />
.. : . . ,. , . .. .<br />
. , • . . „ . - ,i<br />
. _ .<br />
_ - .<br />
. . i s a er q u ,d t e f o<br />
h e p oper f un c t i oni rig o rc Ce i ce l<br />
' '<br />
a rs . " . _'<br />
'<br />
. _<br />
. . • i ,<br />
•<br />
•<br />
• `<br />
, •<br />
-<br />
' `<br />
. . .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
'<br />
I<br />
I I<br />
, y<br />
_ _ na pa l t , : - e 11 a 8 h ol l i ,<br />
- char ge bom'b6 Q . r i i . ns i l y ,<br />
t he f b r e r . - - --<br />
, ' ^ ' 'I<br />
* , .<br />
• • . . . - - '<br />
. , - ' •<br />
,<br />
.<br />
. . _ ; ;• • .-. -<br />
-<br />
-, < ,r -<br />
. ' . •<br />
. -<br />
. _ _, t; l<br />
= , . re r a '<br />
e P h R o . ( 9 ) f u+e ® i<br />
. ,<br />
,<br />
`t h a poun•C e = i u t h .<br />
e , ,<br />
'' 'I<br />
,<br />
_<br />
, ,. - . -<br />
. . . . _<br />
Y<br />
. . .<br />
-<br />
.<br />
-<br />
1<br />
,<br />
. -<br />
'<br />
,<br />
.<br />
. • '<br />
. .<br />
•<br />
-<br />
•<br />
_<br />
•<br />
-<br />
_<br />
•<br />
'<br />
.<br />
- -<br />
_<br />
a f t h o - bon -`e a o S . .<br />
•a c o n t c t r i t h t h e e f d f u e Lett ' m I<br />
od 'e s `.<br />
, .<br />
. . . . . . . . - . . .<br />
. . ,, . . . r • . . •<br />
_<br />
•<br />
I ` ~<br />
- - ' ,<br />
, : , .<br />
-<br />
. • ,<br />
s • 7 .<br />
.<br />
i<br />
I<br />
_ . _ •<br />
.<br />
!<br />
.<br />
'<br />
- • ' - u . ' '<br />
•<br />
-<br />
-<br />
- a , o re vet , ,<br />
wer<br />
_<br />
e d e Ll vor 8 r1 .<br />
t h ' s i tpl c .<br />
No .<br />
( 5 ) A _<br />
fu i e s . , n t h ; t<br />
;<br />
_<br />
.<br />
`<br />
- .<br />
.. .<br />
- . '<br />
=<br />
1<br />
v<br />
, I<br />
I<br />
. - I<br />
' t<br />
.<br />
• _ . .<br />
. - ' - ''f us ẹ<br />
s i m$ a _<br />
t a i t f oh ' ont a c t ; sas e t a bY3 .<br />
h e d b I -<br />
' a ba= r i • ti .<br />
•<br />
' -<br />
. - - . . . . . - _ . . _ .<br />
• . . .<br />
• s . . .<br />
'<br />
1 , .<br />
- .<br />
- -<br />
•<br />
-<br />
,<br />
. . . .<br />
_<br />
.<br />
,<br />
.<br />
!<br />
-<br />
. _ '<br />
'<br />
'<br />
,<br />
,<br />
k<br />
`<br />
`,<br />
`<br />
s<br />
-<br />
,r<br />
,<br />
- - '<br />
.<br />
a ị e ri'ti r<br />
,: t I<br />
_ .<br />
a'a ` ar ewe d i a a ;t .<br />
h e hsa d oY .<br />
t h ; a oab . - _ -<br />
,<br />
• -<br />
-<br />
• j<br />
I<br />
' -<br />
-<br />
.<br />
.<br />
-<br />
` . . _ .<br />
,<br />
.<br />
.<br />
" i - . . . . . • . . .<br />
,<br />
.<br />
.<br />
•<br />
.<br />
a , ` ' .<br />
-<br />
'Qne caii -ev&n s e t t h e ez S os i Qn po i n a b ovei<br />
:<br />
- t he g '<br />
s ot nd b r • ,<br />
r<br />
' . 1<br />
`<br />
,<br />
. r<br />
.<br />
I<br />
. .<br />
,<br />
, , ,<br />
_<br />
, ' • : , , _ - : - .<br />
' e 3 or t el ee c o ' i ca 11 ea " 'b<br />
- . - . - ạ t t a b$ . ng h :<br />
e nembrane ț o f<br />
. , . c . - _ . y F<br />
. . ,<br />
r } ' .<br />
-, , ; . . .<br />
.<br />
. - . ,. : . . . .<br />
i<br />
' , -<br />
.<br />
, .<br />
, _<br />
.<br />
.<br />
- d3.$ e -<br />
t .'be s . 2i<br />
, . ., at h , d i 8 us e f ul r hen t h er e i B a i . . . gh -<br />
: :<br />
-<br />
y<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
-<br />
r<br />
-<br />
- «<br />
- -<br />
k:<br />
_ , _ . . . ., ,.<br />
, • .. , _<br />
- _ . . , , . , . , ;<br />
: ;<br />
l ay er •o a no r p , ar t i cul a r l y l n t i'e cas e of ' t h e i l i p l o : u<br />
. .<br />
e , - -<br />
. .<br />
t. , . • - ; . . : - 1 ' - ;<br />
- . -<br />
' 0 a<br />
and BD 2 O . . I<br />
. t , m a rlner ,<br />
one -c an eve a r e c1 l i o . : "<br />
_<br />
. " ba t s SD<br />
5<br />
,<br />
-<br />
.<br />
-- - -•<br />
_. . _ _ . : .<br />
, - . .<br />
. .<br />
'<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. . . • - . - . . . j<br />
c o o e r e d t r ẹ<br />
n c h e r ' o r o ac h a l e s f * om t h e t o p<br />
b y u a i tig BD - 2 - , e 1 ' •<br />
.-, . _ _ . _ _<br />
.<br />
,<br />
. . : . -`<br />
T I<br />
.<br />
~<br />
. T<br />
' . • . , . .<br />
. , -<br />
•<br />
,<br />
- -<br />
b : ombe et e<br />
. . •<br />
: n b dis 8'e<br />
. .<br />
:e ct a 3x cr a f •<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. - .<br />
. .<br />
. . . . [<br />
. . {<br />
s h el t er e .<br />
Mas a i c e di $t a n i ,<br />
.<br />
-<br />
, /<br />
,<br />
• - . - . , . . • • - - , .._ .<br />
' ° , : ` s 't c k s , R h i cb t r ạ n s m " t h e 3a p a c<br />
, per cuei 3 :oa : t o ṯ 3 , ,<br />
e . e n t i r<br />
_ .<br />
. -<br />
_ _ _. - .. .<br />
'= _ . _ - -<br />
1<br />
`<br />
.<br />
- +<br />
- r ~ _<br />
.<br />
. -<br />
.<br />
`- . -<br />
_ . •<br />
., , , . .. , . , {<br />
. ,<br />
•<br />
_ . .. :: ,. - :. . .<br />
. ,<br />
b o d r o ṭ h e o ct , r : d Kh e n on l r C 5 5 )<br />
_ .<br />
; u s e 5 a r p F<br />
. . . `<br />
, : '<br />
• - ' • - - r . • J "+-<br />
- • • - . .<br />
, .<br />
-<br />
- -<br />
' !<br />
.<br />
-<br />
_ _ . f<br />
'<br />
= • {cµ i 17<br />
F d<br />
' ` jC ! P r t .<br />
. -. .<br />
-<br />
'<br />
•<br />
-<br />
..<br />
y , , '<br />
'<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
,<br />
i<br />
- - - ! ? •<br />
-; ` '<br />
• J _<br />
.<br />
,<br />
!<br />
. . . . . _<br />
. - . . . . . ,<br />
. . . •<br />
. . - , , • - _ . . . . r<br />
-<br />
, , 1<br />
,<br />
•<br />
e l . . - . . . 4 - . ,<br />
. . .<br />
,<br />
.. _ . .<br />
=<br />
. -<br />
r<br />
'<br />
-<br />
, . •<br />
-<br />
_ . . .<br />
- .<br />
'<br />
.<br />
• . -<br />
b .<br />
h o t'd<br />
_ .<br />
Ṭ e<br />
f ' '<br />
,,.<br />
.<br />
: s •<br />
;<br />
. .<br />
,<br />
.<br />
•<br />
. f _. T s i a a ; f us e<br />
- .<br />
1 .<br />
`<br />
_<br />
. .<br />
,<br />
_<br />
• .<br />
. . _,: - _ , .<br />
J : , . -<br />
i , . . r •<br />
-<br />
, us - fl rf t h t h e or a a r y i QCbr i c , # e<br />
f<br />
1<br />
. . . . . .<br />
. . y r . . . - ' "<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
_<br />
. . ` I<br />
'<br />
. .<br />
_<br />
. .<br />
. .<br />
• - .<br />
J<br />
i<br />
' ' •<br />
.<br />
_<br />
- ' '/<br />
- -<br />
-<br />
. _<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
-<br />
. . .<br />
. - . ;<br />
. . . . • ' ' l '<br />
,<br />
. - . - _<br />
` , - f ' ' . , - t , a 'cvu t z ns 3de t h b f u e i + aCt 3 . va t d ' , 't h • ; ` `'<br />
1 2 !!
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- i +-<br />
Ilonde l ay fu-es are used with high - explosive bombs to produce<br />
'<br />
an air blast effect and considerable fra , mentation b+cause<br />
of the high velocity of dPparture. Th e same i s a lso true of<br />
the multiple purpose bomb , whose fra ments how -ver are more<br />
massed .<br />
rdondelay fu es are used for ntensive incendiary bombs<br />
as we ll as f or<br />
" sPd ntary" ch mica l and sroke bombs in order<br />
to disperse their contents ov r the tar et area .<br />
`<br />
c .<br />
De l ay ed - Action Fuses .<br />
De l aved - action i s<br />
the other type of<br />
fuse that is more mportant for<br />
the eff^ct of Ligh - explosive<br />
a nd a r mo r - pi e r c i nn boatbs .<br />
Th e bomb s r . ou l d no t p ene t r a t e anv<br />
f ur th er into the targ et than is necessary to obtain optimum<br />
effectiveness .<br />
'1Ti th the fuses attached to the various types of<br />
an d i s<br />
bombs it h as diff eren t eff ec ts i m _<br />
inly deterrnined bv<br />
the burning of a pressed grain of powder .<br />
'" Th e de l a v of f u se (25 ) use d f or h i h _ explo siv e SC 250 an d<br />
SC 500 b omb s corr espon ds to th e r es ectiv e drop a lti t u de an d<br />
th e r es i s t a ṇc e o f th e ta rg e t . Th e a vera„ e s e tti ng i s . 0 ` of<br />
a second .<br />
A s pr eviou sly m en ti on e d ,<br />
th e delay ed - a c ti on can a l so<br />
be reset in specia l cases for timin in the dead cent r o f the bomb .<br />
Protected l an d or naval targets requir different fuses .<br />
Th e large hi h - explosive bombs SC 1000 ,<br />
SC 1800 , and SC 2000<br />
as well as the SD 1700 are delivered with (28 ) B fuses , which<br />
.<br />
have fixed delavs in<br />
the explosion of the powder as rell as<br />
mechanically actiog ,<br />
"kinetical" d e lays that stronolỵ brpak<br />
t h e bomb at t he t a r e t . Th i s d l a y e d a c t i on i s a dj u^t e d i .<br />
n<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
-<br />
- 7 r<br />
accordance aith the consistency of bomb case to va •ious<br />
multiple of the accelera ti on of gravity , amounting to<br />
800 grams in th e case of the SC 1800 ,<br />
2 ,<br />
000 grams in the<br />
ase of the SC 100U and SC 2000 , and 6 ,<br />
000 orams for the<br />
insofar as possible<br />
SD 1700 .<br />
This device is installed to prevent^ the bombs from<br />
breakin up prematurely up^n hitting targets that are too hard .<br />
•<br />
The<br />
( 35 ) fuse aed for armor-piercing b ombs h as on ly one<br />
fix ' e d delay t h h n t h .<br />
On e other a d , e arr or - p net<br />
ratizlg No ( 8 ) .<br />
bomb h as a groun d fuse that can be set for<br />
Qhort or long<br />
delaỵ depending<br />
on the various drop levels and target<br />
re :<br />
istance strengths .<br />
The detonation is to be iṇ itiated<br />
'irectly upon penetration of the main l aỵer o f armor an d<br />
not only bel w the deck .<br />
: Th e rocket attachment in armor-pierciag bo +b s r ith propulrion<br />
uas i nited 2 .<br />
7 seconds after bein dropped bv fuse<br />
(49 ) if +he timing was set at no delaY , whereas if it was set<br />
for dela ed - act;on it :en t off according to the timing .<br />
d .<br />
Dela ,<br />
y Fuses .<br />
Delay fuses are needed for ow- l evel attack s<br />
to give the aircraf* time to depar+ rrom the danger area wh ere<br />
th e high - xploRive bombs were dropped .<br />
The customary ground<br />
uses svitched auroma tic _<br />
ly from delayed - action to dela ,<br />
y fuses<br />
as soon as the sa fety ceiling for high -<br />
level or dive- b ombing<br />
attacks had been underpassed .<br />
Th e delay fuse in older models ( 15)<br />
was about 8 econds ,<br />
for No .<br />
(25) it was about 14 secon ds . F uee<br />
(33) , used for attackin unprotec+ed vessels with high - exploeive<br />
b om bs ,<br />
had a delay<br />
fuse set for j seconds so that the bomb would<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 1 6 -<br />
not drop too 1ow before detonatinK , whereas the usual delays<br />
of 0 .<br />
05 an d 0 .<br />
2 seconds wer e avail a ble for high and m edium<br />
altitudes or small aad ?arge vessels , respectively .<br />
The i mpor ta nc e o f r o pe r l y Re t t a nd s e l e c t i n . ,<br />
t h e f us e<br />
cannot be overemphasized , as pointed out in th e followin .<br />
Unde = certain circumstances<br />
entire fuse assembiies should be<br />
exchanged for attacks on certain types of targets .<br />
For instance ,<br />
when<br />
the previousl ,<br />
y mentioned large high - explosive bombs were<br />
us e d ,<br />
f ue e C 2 8 ) B , wh i ch wa e no t s ui t a bl e f o r l ovr- ] e v el a t t a ck s ,<br />
was exchanged against a ( 25 ) or (38) ,<br />
if brid re founda t -<br />
ons ,<br />
dams ,<br />
lock a tes or ships were to be attacked a t low levels.<br />
In xeneral ,<br />
the detonation of a bomb at the right tim e was<br />
really more important thaṇ the tvpe and size of the bomb proper .<br />
If ,<br />
for instance , an<br />
: i rcra ft ' as b een loa d ed with multiple-<br />
' purpose bonbs of caliber SD 70 and -as to attack columns of<br />
troops at h .<br />
gh level ,<br />
th e crews had to realize that t'-e succeRs<br />
of the operation xould d pend on setting the fuse switchbox<br />
at rondelav .<br />
If tsey were set at delayed action ,<br />
the bombe<br />
wou ld penetra te into the oround and have little fragamntation<br />
effect .<br />
Even<br />
lar ;er caliber bombs wo ld have less effect than<br />
small but properly fused bombs .<br />
In another instance , an attack on a major switching sta tion<br />
m i ; h t ha v e b e en o r de r e d a nd raos t o f t he ai r c r a f t we r e a c c or di ng l ,<br />
y<br />
loaded with h igh - explosive SC 250 bombs tha t were to be dropped<br />
with dela ed action .<br />
Upon a_ nroaching the tar et ,<br />
however ,<br />
it<br />
was establish ed thAt troops were detraining . I n<br />
this case it<br />
_<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 17 -<br />
would be more effective to drop the high - explosive bombs<br />
wi t hou t de l a y f us e s .<br />
h e Llnl t c o: . . :an der i nu; e d i a : .<br />
l y i s s u e d<br />
the ccrresFondin ; orders by radio .<br />
n a third ins t ance a minor machine tool factorY consisted<br />
o f on e - s t o r i e d ?o r ' Rh ops t ha t wer e 1 6 f e e t h i g h .<br />
Th e wa 7 _<br />
s we r e<br />
bu ilt of bricks and the buildin<br />
were subdivided into single<br />
r^ c ls of 66 by 99<br />
feet , w th the various machines distributed<br />
S<br />
amoag<br />
'hem .<br />
One single 550 - pound hi ;h - explmsive bomb could<br />
destnoy Fuc'- an area abou t 80 percent if it detoaated in th e<br />
ceater of th han a ^ floor xith a ahort de ay .<br />
A SC 50 bomb<br />
thst pen etra ted deep into the ground with a lon g- d elay fuse ,<br />
would have<br />
Qr le s effect .<br />
Nlith t delay ,<br />
the b omb would ignite<br />
upon hi t t i .<br />
ng t he r o o ' .<br />
Th e s i t ua t i on i s s i mi l a r wi t ? r e a r d t o<br />
naval targets ,<br />
for which num era-s examples of insufficient<br />
effectiveness<br />
b ecause of too little or too much delav in fuse<br />
tim i ng can be cited .<br />
e. Ti me Fuses .<br />
Wit these ,<br />
ign it ' on occurs according to th e<br />
fuse and its timing either between 5 and 40 or between 4 and<br />
0 seconds after the b ornb was 3roppe .<br />
Origina ly mepnt for<br />
flash<br />
and photoflash bornba ,<br />
these fuses can also be used for<br />
ce-+Ain<br />
c ernic ' om s . E ven h ; h - xplos ve bom A , such as thp<br />
SHr goo , an be successfully used against flying targeta .<br />
Simple typ = of t me use- c n he equipped with 2 or 3 charges<br />
b••r n i ng f or va r yi ; per i o ds s o t ha t t h ey can Be r v e f or open i ng<br />
dr o p ont a i ner e a bo v e *h e t ar r - t .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
f .<br />
Lo n - D e l a y 'u s es .<br />
Or i ; i na l l y ,<br />
t h e s pe c i a l f us e ( 1 7 } tva s<br />
desi n° ' ror Army supnort in att -ckin ,<br />
prepared positions ,<br />
with thQ Lufttiqa ff e supposed to bomb the reGpective sectors<br />
some time in advance . O nly a s:all number of bombs used for that<br />
purgose were to detona te ima ediate l y , ti; h ereas the majority of<br />
them rveMe *o<br />
Pxplode at a definite time , under circunstances<br />
2 or 3 davs la t er .<br />
The clockwor'-s i n (17 )A f uses were therefore<br />
•<br />
set for a certain time up to 1 0 4ours in advance . After th e<br />
n .<br />
A .<br />
F .<br />
dropped th e first bo bs with lọn - d e l ay fuses in April<br />
i940 in order to ex-end the attack ovPr a longer peri d ,<br />
th e<br />
(1?)A fuse uas used by the G ermans for the same purnose .<br />
Si mi • a r ' i mi ng de l a vs ,<br />
bu t tivi t h l es s - r c i s on , wer e i n' e r e nt<br />
i n t h e l o r _ - rl e l ay f us : o .<br />
( 7 7 ) -<br />
; .<br />
Nu i an ce Fu ses .<br />
Th i s inc l u ded a ll th os e fus es th a t id n o t<br />
d etmn a te imm edi tel ,<br />
ju s t l iḳ e th e lona - d e l a y fus s .<br />
Or _<br />
th e<br />
con tra ry ,<br />
th ey c on ti r:ue d an d :a i n t a i n e d th e con f us ion crea t ed<br />
b - th e ra id prop er . complica t ed ti ie c lea r i nj e ff or ts , an d<br />
d is turbe d th e r es ump tion o f f ac tory an d tra ff c rou tin es .<br />
Sh o r t d a t a o n t h e s u b j e c t c a n b e ;;a t h e r e d f r o t t h e f u s e<br />
statistics c on ta ined in Fa r t 'I I .<br />
Th e proper us e o f th ese<br />
f u s es requ i res v ery th orou h kn o , vl ed e th a t ca n b e ac qu i r e d<br />
by s tu dy in the t ech n ica l direc tives con cern i nb th e respe c ti ve<br />
fu ses .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 19 -<br />
4 .<br />
Th e Ef f ec t of Fi r e<br />
Passed wartime experience has shown<br />
that many targets<br />
caa be attacked more effectively with incendiary bombs than<br />
xith<br />
explos i ve bombs . Th e f ollowing differences between<br />
industria targets , residential reas , and commercial<br />
di s tricts on the one h and and live targets on<br />
the other<br />
are to be noted :<br />
a . I adustrial Targets .<br />
Their vulnerability to fire<br />
depends on the type oP construction and contents of the<br />
buildings or both .<br />
If a quarter of the taroet consists oi<br />
inflammable materia l , th e use of incendiary bombs will prove<br />
to be worth while .<br />
Prior target reconnaissance and exact<br />
evaluation are indicated .<br />
High suscentibility o fire can<br />
become the cause of large-sca l e<br />
fi res that extend to adjoining<br />
districts .<br />
b .<br />
Residential Areas and Commercial Districts .<br />
The determining<br />
factor for the effect o f fi r e is the dens it y of the<br />
bui?t - up sections as eAl as combustibility of the buildiṇos<br />
and their iṇ terior insta ll ations .<br />
Lar e-scale fires are affected<br />
by the existence of fire wa ll s ,<br />
fire gaps , etc ., as well as b y<br />
the accessibilit ,<br />
y of water to extinguish the<br />
fire and the<br />
discipline o f th e fire brigades .<br />
c .<br />
Live Targets .<br />
Already at the outset of th e war ,<br />
incendiary<br />
bombs proved _<br />
ffective in attacks on march columns ,<br />
troops in<br />
hasty<br />
positions , and fortificatioas . D roppe like activated<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
T H IS PA G E D E CLA SSIFIED IAW E 0 129 8<br />
- ZOincendi<br />
ar ies with nondelay fuses in low- l evel attacks ,<br />
they<br />
affected the morale of the troops .<br />
Occas i ona ll v , even targets<br />
that cannot be too effectively attackod with explos i ve bombs ,<br />
can be temporarily neutralized by<br />
fi re b ombs ; amona these are<br />
observations points , port - openings , and slits in turrets and<br />
disappearin Pun mounts ; n<br />
fix ed fortifications .<br />
The rnost<br />
e ff ective way to attack th ese would be to first drop a few<br />
• in candiaries blindl v : their contents will penetrate slits and<br />
aps , and only then toward the end of th e attack<br />
one wou ld use<br />
a bomb ^ith delayed fuse oa<br />
that target .<br />
In open terrain th e<br />
difference between incendiary and activated flarne bom b s 3 . 8<br />
th a t the f ormer will form a compact ball of fire which<br />
however will be of only short dura tion , whil e th e latter will<br />
•<br />
create more extensive areas o ' fire that will burn l on er but<br />
will be separated individua ll y .<br />
5 .<br />
To produce underwater explosions is th e vbjective of anti -<br />
submarine warfare and of lov- l evel attacks on ships ,<br />
dams ,<br />
lock gates , and other port ins t all a tions situated in the water .<br />
bombs<br />
Underwat r ffects are also produc d r near misses of R<br />
h<br />
dropped from high al fitudes or in dive- b ombiṇ a ttacks on war<br />
ships .<br />
However , major darna ;es will not be produced ou ts id e a<br />
rela tive l y limited radiue aroun d the target .<br />
Euperience daṭ a are available on1Y from teste which shoaed<br />
that , contrarv to h i ;h - explosive bombs and torpedoes ,<br />
the e ff ect<br />
of fire bombs is reduced bv one third by th e air ahaft form ed<br />
behind the bomb .<br />
Leakag'es and en ,<br />
;ine room breakdowns ,<br />
however ,<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 21 -<br />
were of en achieved even from consid rable distances .<br />
Sim il ar effects to those produced bv direct hits can be<br />
attained only by bombs dropped near th e s id ewall of commercia l<br />
vessels up to 8 , 000 t ons ,<br />
libh tly protected warships such as<br />
destroỵers an d cruisers un to 4 , 000 t ons , an d small aircraft<br />
carriers .<br />
Large transport vPssels and cruisers ^f nore tran<br />
8 ,<br />
000 tons usua ll y ave double bottoms and several aterti h t<br />
cotnpartments extendin over tnree quarters of the vesse l ' s<br />
len; th . Th e bow and the rear ,<br />
bowever ,<br />
have only on e simple<br />
hull .<br />
For<br />
this reason the effect o f di rect hits would be overchelming<br />
against this type of vessel so lon as the bomb penetrates<br />
deeply i nto the s hi p ' s bodv .<br />
Inderwater dama es to the bow and<br />
stern correspong to those aciieved a ainst unprotected vessels .<br />
Modern battleships and large aircraft carriers have well con-<br />
•<br />
structed un derwater pro tection at ridship : this extends to about<br />
hal f tbe entire length of the ship in order to reduce the e ff ect<br />
br ea t l y<br />
of torpedoes .<br />
This will also 3: Y reduce the effectiveness<br />
of near :zisses of hi;h - explosive b owb s :ve iohin less than<br />
2 ,<br />
200 pounds in co lparison vdith direct hits by armor- piercing<br />
bombs of equal ca lib er .<br />
I1ear misses can achieve considerable<br />
effectivenPSS ,<br />
if they dron near the unprotected bow or stern .<br />
If the bombs are dropped out of flat dives ,<br />
they can be brouv h t<br />
so close to the ship 's wall that its hi her explosive contents<br />
can produce mere results than aircraft torpedoes of equa l<br />
weigh t .<br />
Unprot°cted ships and unportected bows and sterns f<br />
.<br />
. a jor warships suffer the same d araaaes irom this type of attack<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
T H IS PA G E D E CLA SSIFIED IAW E Q 129 8<br />
- 22 -<br />
• as if these parts of the ship had been hit directly .<br />
It h as<br />
proved effective to attach headrin s to hi h - explo ive bombs<br />
used for this purposp .<br />
Low- l evel a ttacks b y hi h - explosive bombs dropped from<br />
the vel of mast tops rill penetra te unprotec+ed wa ll s or<br />
bouncP off ,<br />
if the latter are too thick .<br />
In<br />
that case , and<br />
also if the bomb<br />
drops shor of the taroet ,<br />
the dama es will<br />
_<br />
b e proportionate to the distance betvreen the exploding bomb<br />
and the side of the ship. Th e depth<br />
of the nater has also a<br />
great effect on the effect produced .<br />
Shallow bodies of water<br />
will reduce<br />
the eff ec t of explosioas at ma or distances just<br />
as much as detonations at too low or too hi h a level .<br />
Th e best<br />
eff ec t is enera ll y produced if the depth of detona tion is<br />
abou t equal to the distance from the ship 's wall .<br />
The __<br />
se of<br />
•<br />
impact diske will prevent that the bonb dropped durin a lowlevel<br />
attack<br />
bounces off the sur f ace of the water and jumps<br />
beyond the target . ,<br />
iith an impact disk attach :ent the bomb will<br />
slide<br />
3 gZ a l on the wa t er up to the vessel and will sink th ere ,<br />
detonatin after 5 seconds if it is equ i n ed ;ith a<br />
( 38) fuse.<br />
ThP fuses attached to armor-biercing bombs are set only for<br />
direct hits and the del ay<br />
for penetrati n into the vessel will<br />
orrespond approximately to th e circumstances prevailing in<br />
the case of near misses .<br />
Fu es ( 28 )B for hish - explosive SC 100G - SC 2000 bomb s an d<br />
for multiple purpose SD 1700 bombs are sPt for fixe d d elays<br />
pertaining to underwater effectiveness . A s previous l y mentioned ,<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
_ . _<br />
_ , - •-<br />
, , . , "<br />
,<br />
. -<br />
o - i •<br />
. / +<br />
i 1` r '<br />
.<br />
r<br />
,<br />
. ..<br />
. . . . . , ; '<br />
_<br />
,<br />
-<br />
. . , . .<br />
•<br />
_ . _ - • .<br />
. ; F . . .<br />
. .<br />
'<br />
. .<br />
_ - .<br />
-<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
- • . . . • . - . , . -<br />
. . . ' . . . . . -<br />
, _ . i . .<br />
. ..<br />
- . . . • . .<br />
• . . .<br />
,<br />
. .<br />
•<br />
. . . . . . . . - . . .<br />
.<br />
, .<br />
. -<br />
• 7<br />
, . . . . , , • _ ' . _<br />
. .<br />
. . i ,<br />
. . .<br />
. r .<br />
'<br />
- , ' :<br />
.<br />
- . - 23 :- :<br />
.<br />
. _ ; .<br />
. _- ._ - - . _ . .<br />
- - . -<br />
, -<br />
_<br />
, , : - . . •<br />
, _<br />
'<br />
-<br />
1 :<br />
- , . , .<br />
':<br />
- ••<br />
,<br />
-<br />
t h a dde d c a e ] er a t i on f b g iafi a rit a e d e e p pen e t i a t o .<br />
n<br />
, - , ,'<br />
, , -<br />
-<br />
, . . " ; .<br />
. . , _ . .<br />
- - . i _<br />
nt o t he r ee• e ] . . h e 9 T3 3? 0 pr obabL .<br />
pene t rat e d t o ṭ 1 e<br />
. ,<br />
. , . ^, . . , ,<br />
.<br />
_ . . , _<br />
- . . . .<br />
'<br />
_<br />
, _ . m<br />
. a i n a a o r ed - de c 1 . , whi cfi<br />
wroul d r e duc e th e c ombat c ipabi l i t y "<br />
-. , .<br />
. _ .<br />
- , .<br />
' !<br />
. • , .<br />
. of t h e t ar ge t ob s c t q i `t ẹ e a s i derabl g . . -<br />
- • -`<br />
, . ; - -;<br />
. ; . . _ . , ., ,<br />
, .<br />
- . • . - _ ' I<br />
. . - . .. - .<br />
•<br />
M<br />
, :<br />
a ar e p l o$ i o us b e<br />
_ l t h e- s i p a ce f a i r e dang er o s :<br />
; - - _ . . - ,<br />
_ . . . - - .<br />
' t e t oitat -<br />
i<br />
- ez t t . o t h s veae el . `T. e r , a ec t ṯ ẹ k ee ? '<br />
i<br />
, .<br />
.<br />
. . _ _-<br />
'<br />
- and t h$ ' f r a me g t t d bul khs ad • h t er e c o ae t ;e d vri t h i ,: -<br />
, ' - ' . : I<br />
. .. - _ ;- - • . ; - ,<br />
. , - . • .<br />
1<br />
. . . -<br />
-<br />
-mor eover ; t he e c Y os .. e aBe - s ove . up e r d i 3a ac c ord i c 'e rri t h<br />
' {<br />
. .<br />
_ • _ _, , : f<br />
.<br />
,.<br />
I<br />
. . Y - . , . • . . . • „<br />
- t ẖe l a! af - . r a' t y .<br />
1'bki s i s al s o t he c a .<br />
s s v a h di: dnc e pi s t I s<br />
. . . - . . . - - . - . _ , . ..<br />
i<br />
l<br />
„ . . . - , . , . . _ ' .<br />
- r<br />
.<br />
.<br />
- _ ; . .<br />
_ - - .<br />
. _ • -<br />
. • ; a a r c d"u ®e d n a r 3 ạ 1 t +r pe do es .<br />
•'<br />
. . , •<br />
., . - . -<br />
, ' ' -'<br />
, - ., '<br />
. • - • t<br />
: -<br />
. . . 6 .<br />
h<br />
-<br />
e:<br />
f e c t _ : ọ t Ch i c a l mba -<br />
_ . , • . _,<br />
'<br />
f ', '<br />
,<br />
. .<br />
•<br />
+ ; +_. 'I<br />
. : . . ; e i o f ch e i c e ? ° a gen t :e xas t i ci pa t ed o n l y i f t h e<br />
; t<br />
. .<br />
. - I<br />
- . - . - . .<br />
_ • - . _ - - . -<br />
, ..<br />
, . ' - ct d t Yem f e t ;.<br />
Spe c i al t a c t i cal and t eaha 3 . c a1<br />
. . , - 8'<br />
• _ , . _ . -<br />
, . . _ . . _ . . - . - , - -<br />
, J , - _ • . -, .<br />
i ns t<br />
_. .<br />
r uc i a d b e ai - epar e;d f or - t hat pnr o }<br />
h h<br />
4<br />
P<br />
. as e -<br />
_ . . . .<br />
. . • . . . .<br />
_ . _, ,<br />
, _ _ b . . _ . _ '<br />
. . . , . _ l<br />
ey on t • t h a c op e - o f t hi ' ț u dy . , - "<br />
. . . ,<br />
, ,<br />
. . ,<br />
. . • , ,<br />
-'<br />
7 ,<br />
.<br />
'h e 1a t i c a 's ii p of a t t ac c Meṭ h aa bQ t h e Ef i e ṭ ' Q s " : .<br />
.<br />
•: ,<br />
. . .<br />
.<br />
-<br />
.<br />
-<br />
i<br />
. r . :.<br />
-<br />
„<br />
-<br />
•<br />
, , •<br />
' _ . • i- • { s ne a t<br />
,<br />
ke e f f q t - o a t armal expl oBi v e h imb dr o pe d -<br />
- - _ • , :: , • . • -<br />
-<br />
• 1<br />
' i !<br />
. . , . . . _ _<br />
_ • . . i<br />
. . . '<br />
. . . _ .<br />
. _ -<br />
. .<br />
' . - . • i n a 1 o 1= 1 e re1 a t t ac _ • o m } a gr oun d t arg et i l l b ẹ l e se t han 3 i<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
-<br />
. . .<br />
. .<br />
+ L<br />
-<br />
i<br />
'<br />
- ..<br />
1<br />
. _ _ u<br />
.<br />
_ . _ .<br />
.<br />
• .. . _ . . . . . . _-<br />
_<br />
•<br />
1 4<br />
_ •<br />
1 .<br />
. . _ .<br />
. . . . .<br />
'' -<br />
-` ' - -m _ ā I i h al t t ude or out of a : di i n4-<br />
. , =. t h<br />
a t bs b i s ar op<br />
e t f c g<br />
, _ .<br />
. . , . _ -<br />
. . ;<br />
,<br />
,. .<br />
•<br />
- . . _.<br />
• - . _ -- - , - . • . ,, , . . •<br />
. . . . , .<br />
• . a t t ack . o bs o ppe d<br />
- , f r on a l on a l t i t ude mi ght bour Qe of Y<br />
=<br />
s .<br />
' '<br />
}<br />
+ - . • , . -<br />
- - ' r f<br />
' • : . _. . . • - r<br />
- , :<br />
.<br />
- B<br />
- g<br />
8 C t n 11] 1 1 b e ' r e a t l<br />
_ ' r e d u ,<br />
c d d . . .<br />
. _ , ạ , d • s k : 6 i<br />
te x t he t ar e . s i o g<br />
. ; , - _ . .<br />
.<br />
, - - - .<br />
u<br />
. -; . ; . - - _- _ _. . • . . - . .<br />
. -, _ . ,<br />
' : - - . ._ . , _<br />
.<br />
. - i f a i n p r c t ḍi k i a t a ch e d t o t he bomb<br />
,<br />
. .<br />
Tl e ds<br />
, g tea i ai t y<br />
. . - - ,_-- - . , , _. : •.<br />
•<br />
, . . .<br />
: ; aad i . ur gi : ea i n t h e f vl a wi ag par t „ . fl f t h3 d<br />
. .<br />
ect ị F e r a<br />
. , . , , . . .: - • . - •<br />
.- _ . - , . . _<br />
. -<br />
.<br />
. - _ . . b c t a e t i ori • t Y at ' t"ce s e ḅo mbe vri h h i t t se i r as d fi ar g s;t s . .<br />
-<br />
•<br />
a a np<br />
I<br />
- , _ -- - - ,<br />
. . - • . • , . I<br />
, .<br />
;<br />
-<br />
, i '<br />
. _ . _ 1 '<br />
- . t* = , . - - . . - . .<br />
_ .. .<br />
_.<br />
.<br />
,<br />
• : "<br />
- .<br />
- ' : • . . • -<br />
- l mo e t - -er ca ; r.<br />
A" hoi i on t a a t hi t t g mn a t i pl e - tr gos e '<br />
_ _<br />
-<br />
-<br />
_-<br />
. .<br />
"<br />
' "<br />
. .<br />
- _ .<br />
•<br />
,<br />
.<br />
,. , •<br />
-<br />
'i<br />
- ; . . . ..- - •<br />
. . . - •<br />
- ,<br />
.<br />
- ; , . . - •<br />
- •<br />
. . , .<br />
•<br />
_<br />
_<br />
- -<br />
' 1 ' ' , : ' _ . - ,<br />
__ - . 4 _<br />
' . . _ ti ; ' i<br />
_<br />
- -<br />
I<br />
. , . . ; : - •<br />
. i - ' . .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
.<br />
" , ,<br />
..<br />
-<br />
_<br />
.<br />
_<br />
.
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- `- -<br />
b o .<br />
a b :i l l l o
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 25 -<br />
$<br />
G lossary of G erman Abbreviations<br />
SB (Grosslaaungsbombe ) - M ajor charge bonab<br />
SD (Splitter- oder Mehrzweck e -<br />
)<br />
Fraomentation or multiplebombe<br />
)<br />
purpose bomb<br />
SC ( Mi ne a bo : _.<br />
be ) - Hi g h - e x pl os i v e bomb<br />
PC (Panzersprengbombe ) - Armor-piercing bo m b<br />
s<br />
PC/RS (Panzerdurchschlagb mbe - Armor-piercing bomb rith<br />
m t Raketenantrieb )<br />
_<br />
rocket a ttachment<br />
PD (Panzerdurchschlagbornbe ) - Armor--piercing bomb<br />
-- X (Panzerbombe mit la ch - - Armor-pierciụg bomb with<br />
steuerung ) ) rear control<br />
Stabo<br />
( Minenbombe mit Stach el) -<br />
( fiigh - explosive bomb vith<br />
€ (nose sp ik e<br />
SD 2 50 Te l ( Spl i t t er bombe mi t ) - Fr aurme nt a t i on bo rnb wi t h 1 0 -<br />
3m langem Distanzrohr )<br />
f^ot distance tub e<br />
SD 5 0 0 Br ( I; ehr z we c k ebom b e ) - I :ul t i pl e - pur po s e bomb wi t h<br />
mit BremsBChirm )<br />
braḳ e _<br />
parachute<br />
SHr 500 (Schrapnellbombe aegen - Shrapnel bomb ( aga inst<br />
fliegende Ziele } flying targets )<br />
SH1 (Hohl'Adungsbombe } - Hollow-charoe bomb<br />
KC (Kampf s toffbowbe ) - Chemical bomb<br />
NC (Nebelbornbe ) - Smoke bomb<br />
LC (Leuchtbombe ) - Fl a-e or fl as h bomb<br />
B1 C (Blitzlichtbombe ) - Photo flashbomb<br />
.<br />
Lux ( Seenotzeichen ) - Air-sea reecue si gna ?<br />
LM ( F1 z . Mi n e mi t Fa l l s c hi .<br />
r m ) - Ae r i a l mi .<br />
ne wi t h par a c hut e<br />
un d ~ t FernZ .ẹn<br />
dung )<br />
and remote control fuse<br />
BP1 (Bombenmine mit Fernzu endunR-<br />
H igh - explosive bomb with<br />
( remo te control fuse<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 2 6 _<br />
i'VB ( r , l .<br />
Was s e r bombe ) - Ae r i a l wa t e r bomb<br />
LT (Fl z Torpedo - Aerial torpedo<br />
- B8 mit S treubrandbombe with scatter bombs of the<br />
- SD 1 a uc'<br />
- S D 3 ) SD 1 a n d SD 3 t y pp<br />
AB (Abwurfbeh ae lter - Drop coatainers with electron<br />
- BE mit Elektroabrandbomben incendiarv bombs of th e SD 10<br />
aSD 10 auch -<br />
SD 9 und - SD 15 SD 9 , and SD 15 type<br />
K a liber ( "qua libra" Bomben- _<br />
BalibPr ( Bomb wsi .<br />
ght _r kiloo<br />
ewi ch t i n Isg ) 5 r a ms )<br />
E 1 A Z ( e l e k tri sc h er A u f sch l ag -<br />
zu end er )<br />
E l e c tri ca l impa ct fuse<br />
Zt Z (Zeitzuender ) - Tine fuse<br />
r popp Z (Doppelzuender ) - Doubl e -a tion fuse<br />
LZZ (Langzeitzuender ) - Long- d elay fuse ( 5 to 120 minutes<br />
5 - 120 min bzw 2 - 100 Std or 2 to 100 hours )<br />
o V ( o hn e Verz egerungsein- - Fondelay<br />
richtung )<br />
m V ( m it kurzer Verzoegerung- fith short de l ay ( 0 .<br />
045 to 0 .<br />
2<br />
0 .<br />
045 - 0 .<br />
2 sec )<br />
seconds )<br />
V Z (Verzugsdr .<br />
bzw .<br />
Ver- - Delayed action fuse ( 5 to 30<br />
zu ;szuendung 5 - 30 sec ) seconde )<br />
Tief (Tiefangriff aus 5 - - Low- l evel a ttack (from ]7 to<br />
ca .<br />
1J0 m .<br />
Flughoahe ) 330 feet flight altitude )<br />
H och (Hochangriff -ụs ue ber - High altitude a ttack (from A<br />
2000 m Fl ug h<br />
:ehe ) flight aititude of more than<br />
6 ,<br />
600 feet)<br />
Stz .<br />
(Abwurf aus dem S tura- - Air drop from diving attack<br />
fluge -- b ei Panzerbornben<br />
( armor -pi erc ing bombs must<br />
muss die Ausleeesehoehe<br />
be released from f a minimum<br />
ruindesten,a 1 .<br />
z km be+ragen ) a ltit ude of 4 ,<br />
000 feet)<br />
B - E (Elektronbrandbombe - Electron incendiary bombs<br />
v on 1 - 2 l . g Ge uri c h t ; we i ghi ng , 2 t o + 4 .<br />
l b s ;<br />
Z - mit Zerl eger ldg ) . rith self - destroying IH charee<br />
Brand (Streubrandbomben von - Scatter bombs weighing 8 . 8 -<br />
4 - 10 kg G ewicht) 22 lb s<br />
Sprbrd C 50 (Sprengbrandb om be - C ombinati on iṇcen diary-<br />
50 kg ) demoli tion bomb Wei g h ing llo lbs .<br />
, t rrrd C 500 (Streubrand -<br />
bomb e m it 1200 Branddosen ) *<br />
Scatter bomb with 1 ,<br />
200 incendiary<br />
cans<br />
All bombs with high explosive ch arges are demolition or high -<br />
explosive bom b s .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
27 _<br />
I I I .<br />
Te chni c e l D a t a C o ::c e r ni n ; B ombs<br />
a .<br />
Ge ue r a l D e s c r i Pt i on ar d C or po s i t i on o f p om b s and Fu s e :; .<br />
Th e o ut e r s ha pe o f' no s t bo mL•s i s c y l i ndr i c ; o nl y i r .<br />
t he ca s e o f<br />
inul t i p l e - pur pos e bonbs an d ar :; o r - pi e r c i n ,<br />
; b o b s do e s t he di a me t e r<br />
slightly<br />
decrease in order to a dd t o the stren th of tḻe C3s n<br />
a ains t l ateral tension .<br />
s<br />
The po i ut of the bo nb is o ival to ermit hi her penetration<br />
and :a s a r a di us o f s ph e r i c i t y va r y i n o b e t we t i l .<br />
0 a r .<br />
d 2 t i me s<br />
th e di d:ne ter .<br />
The sma ll electron and sca tter bombs are fl a tt ened<br />
at the front , which<br />
facilitates sta bili zatior, considerably .<br />
The<br />
tail assembli es are usua lly<br />
twice to t ree tirnes as lon as the<br />
di arne t e r .<br />
Ge ne r a l l y ,<br />
t h e y c o ns i s t o f 4 ;; u i de f i ns •Ni t h 1 b a l l<br />
race at the end .<br />
Th e j .<br />
3 - s elec tron incerdiary b omb and the<br />
Z2 - lbs sca tter bomb are equ ipFed tvith a socalled semimoiocoque<br />
•<br />
tail asse rbly so that they can b e packed ti hter into the drop<br />
conta i ners . Th e 8 . 8 - lb s "fire box'f has no sta bili zer and is<br />
therefore<br />
particular l y suited for lo y- l evcl drops .<br />
The 4 , 4 - 1b an ti -<br />
personne l b omb is equipp ed with<br />
f3n t rak es taat open up when th e<br />
bamb leaves the drop container so th t tlis weapon<br />
can be use d<br />
for low- l evel attacks w ith ou t fuse d elay a ft er<br />
impact or with<br />
a 2 secoild time f use after release .<br />
The 550 - 1Us hi -explos i ve bou b<br />
i s used without tail assem bly<br />
when it is<br />
employed a aeria l water bomb a ; ;a i ns t submarines ; in this<br />
rna r:ne r ,<br />
t h e s i nki n c:pe e d i n t h e wa t e r i s r e ul ar i z e d dur i n;;<br />
low- l evel attacks .<br />
The bomb case around th e exZlesive is usui ll y nade of stee l<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
. - -<br />
or c, e c i a l c a s t i r on i n t he c a s e o : f r a : e n i , a t i o n 'c o mb s .<br />
Ah e<br />
s a me t ;; pe o f . om b m . 3 d e a f a r t i i Le r y s l ie l l s i ; : r v c _<br />
uc e d o f<br />
f r e s s e d s t e e l .<br />
Tr e mu l t i gl e - .<br />
ur pos e 1;OIaJ SL 5 0 , : it i c h s er v e s<br />
e x cl u s i v e l y a s f r 3 i en t a t i on r ea pvn ,<br />
i s pr o d u c e d e s s en t i ; l l y o f<br />
s t e e l ca s t i r . ;; .<br />
On t he o t x e r ha nd ,<br />
t h e SD 70 i s pr e s s e d or r ol l e d<br />
in one r -<br />
iece so trat it can penetrate 1/$th of an inch of stee l ,<br />
quite apar t from its fraomentation<br />
effect .<br />
Sd 2j0 and SD SiU A<br />
• bomb are vre ld Ad from two molded pieces or made of cast stee l .<br />
the SB 500 B and SD 1000 A ,<br />
however , are € molded in one biece and<br />
r i f l e d .<br />
Thi e t y pe o f pr o d •c t i on f rae t ho d i n t he f i e l d o f hi g h -<br />
explosive bombs i s considered a5 qua lit y Iyo. 1 . It , ;uaran t ees<br />
impact<br />
$ i n t he ca s e o f a v e t i c a l l ElS t ha t f o r i ns t anc P<br />
a SC 250 would ::enetrate struct»ral stee l of 1/5" thickness or<br />
1 .<br />
5 feet of conerete .<br />
A aiṇs t unprotected but resistant tar ;ets<br />
_ th a t ar e o f rob u s t con struction , su ch a s in dus t r i a l f a c il iti es<br />
o r sh i p s , on e s h ou l d us e only qua l i t y N o .<br />
1 r•ea pon s .<br />
H i g h - explas<br />
i ve bom b s we l d ed from 2 or j pi ec es ar e con s i d ered qua l ity<br />
N o .<br />
2 an d 3 , res pecti v e l y , an d ::ave on l y a b ou t 60 an d 40 per cen t<br />
resF ective l y of the res istan ce to s tress foun d in qua l it y lvo .<br />
1 .<br />
^lh ey can be emp loye d only a ;ain st targ ets that hav e been iden ti fi ed<br />
bu t<br />
as less resi s tant , r,ever for low- l evel atta cks .<br />
Armor piercing bombs are ulade of alloy steel so that they can<br />
penetrate armor-plated decks.<br />
The bomb cases , also th se of hibh - expl os ive bombs, are roun ded<br />
off and reinforced tocvard the bottom .<br />
The thickn ess o f th e walls<br />
is oradu ly reduced from<br />
the widest diam eter downward in order<br />
t o a chi e ve na x i mum s t r e ng t h - t e v er y poi n t .<br />
The f i l l ope ni ng f or<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 29 -<br />
the exp l osive is closed with a stron ,<br />
screw-on lid .<br />
Al1 bombs ueighing 11 - lbs or more are suspended on an eye<br />
above their center of grav ity .<br />
Bombs weighing l ess than 110 -<br />
1be<br />
are dropped by containers that are shaped like bombs and are<br />
suspended on<br />
eyeleta in the aircraft ,<br />
The containers open after<br />
the re l eaRe accor ding to a time f use set at rill so th a t th eir<br />
ontents are<br />
dispersed over the targ et .<br />
Each little bomb has<br />
` its own fuse .<br />
With the exception of the small bombs , armor-penetrating bombs ,<br />
side<br />
and some special bom b s , all other bo:bs are equipp e d with h<br />
fuses<br />
that -re activated by electrical impulse .<br />
The fuse boxes ar e<br />
vertically installed to the roll axis and contain the fuse proper<br />
as well as transmission charges and occasionally a l so special<br />
•<br />
l o c l<br />
. ng de vi c e s ag a i ns t di s man t l i a g .<br />
I'hi s ar r ang ement f a c i l i t a t e s<br />
nondelay or delaỵe d fuse setting , n d the ^x plos i ve ch arge is<br />
activated from th e center .<br />
The bomb poin t can remain massive .<br />
which in turn produces cons derabl ,<br />
y greater tensiḷ strength .<br />
Th e SD 2 h a d<br />
. central fuse : all oth er sma ll f ragmentation<br />
bombs had head fuses .<br />
The armor-piercing bombs ha '<br />
fuses at<br />
the bottom so that th eir side wall s wou ld also remain solid .<br />
Th e me t ho d o f a t t a ch i n t he f us e o f o t h er bo rnbs i s s ho vyn<br />
on th e illustrations .<br />
The bomb s are first pain ted with rust repellant , wh ich is<br />
th en covered with a grey or light - yellow camouflage paint ,<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
. - -^<br />
..<br />
- 30 - -<br />
The Pr' oPer use vf ex Plo®ive and incendiar Y bombB waa -<br />
.<br />
faailitated by olored ringa or stripe® painted oa the bomb<br />
_ .<br />
cases . , rhich had the fo ll ow i ng e i gnificance .<br />
. _ , '<br />
1 red ring - flash b^mbs<br />
2 red rings • - i nteneive iacendiary bombs<br />
1 red tripe - f ragmentation ạa d multiple-<br />
- purpose bomb- -<br />
] .<br />
yellotir stripe - high - explosivp bombs<br />
2 y e l l ow e t r i pe s - ma • or eh ar g e bombs<br />
1 blue stripe - ar por-pierciṇg bombe<br />
Th e I<br />
li co l ored ringe ware painted around the point and<br />
around ṭh e center part of the bombs , wh ereas the strị pes<br />
vrer e pai n t e d ox t he .<br />
cone . -<br />
-.<br />
_<br />
.<br />
,,<br />
.<br />
-<br />
- --<br />
:<br />
.<br />
, _ . . , . ,<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 31 -<br />
Data Concerning BomblEl s an d Fuses<br />
,<br />
Tables 1 and 2 : Fragmentatinn and Multiple- P urpose Bombs<br />
(Fragmentation Effect)<br />
Typ e Le v el Fr a g me n t to .<br />
No , o f i on bs Fus e s Ty pi ca l<br />
of of DensitY of in Drop Con t . No .<br />
T e T ar ;ets<br />
Borab Attack Fradm . ?0 250 S00 1000 yp<br />
`<br />
SD 1 Hig<br />
6 4 ' .<br />
130 -- 225 392 -<br />
SD 3 " 42 .<br />
9' S60 - -<br />
84<br />
-<br />
SD 9 " 6 T 44U 4<br />
- - -<br />
SD 10 " 32 5 ' S00 - l7 3? -<br />
SD 15 " 10 6 ' .<br />
660 - -<br />
4<br />
-<br />
73 nondelay ) Troops<br />
73 "<br />
) i n pen<br />
) terrain<br />
) an d field<br />
66 " ) pos itions<br />
66 " ) C o lumns<br />
66<br />
) o f marcb -<br />
" ) ing troopa<br />
SD 2t Low 39 .<br />
6' 270 24 11L<br />
- -<br />
41 non el .<br />
Aircra ft on<br />
time the ground<br />
SD 4H1 Dive<br />
42 .<br />
9 ' + 50 - 30 70 -<br />
Av er a g e Fr a .<br />
Qme nt Ye i g h t *<br />
6 non delay Tanks<br />
S Be 5 0 iii g h 1 5 .<br />
4 ' 1 b 0 0 11 r r a ms 55 nonde l .<br />
t : a r c h c al umn<br />
SD 50 high 105 6 ' .<br />
1300 13 oram s ) Aircraft &<br />
&low<br />
) 55 non- truck column<br />
) delay<br />
SD 70 hi h 1 4 8 5 ' 2 0 0 0 ' S . o r a rns<br />
)<br />
s wa l l i n dus t r<br />
&l ow ) € l an t s T,u c , . e a vy<br />
SD 250 " 1 8 ' d$00 40 rams 7 delayed Hea vy in-<br />
' SD 5 40A " 2 6 4 ' 37 ; 0 e xp : as - ) i g ni t i o n dus t r y<br />
ive charge )<br />
SD j OB " 2 j l ' 45 0 0 ? 7 r a Wc 2 ° A a e l a y e : i l e a ry<br />
?0 kilos cruiser<br />
5D 1000A " c80 .<br />
5 ' 70U0 100 jra is ?j .ZOndel .<br />
Blast<br />
c00 k i) o s furn a ces<br />
2 $ k u e l a y E 3 F o ;+e r<br />
p l an ts &<br />
a i r c r a f t<br />
carr i er s<br />
.<br />
Ob s e r v _<br />
s t i o n r e _ , a r di n ; f r a ome n t a t i o n u omb s : Fo r t a r ;; e t s r}ii c r a r e<br />
to be attack e d wj th SD1 _ accor din to Fart IV , ane car . a l so emp l oy<br />
h l<br />
zi i er<br />
le F,i : e i s a l s o t r u e o f SI i 10 t a r , ; e t s , a ;;a i n s t ,vh i c t:<br />
a n e c an al s o us e a a s c on t a i n Er s wi t : SD o r SD 1 5 .<br />
For i ti. f a r ma t i on<br />
_<br />
o a f r a ,;me n t den s i t y al1<br />
d f r a ;me n t nu cnb e r•s , s e e ?a ,; e 4 4 .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- ; -<br />
'r a t l e s j a n d 4 : i h - x .<br />
p l os i v e u i i:i ;i - CF :a r J e Do zb s<br />
( Po e z• o f Fe n e t r 3 t i on
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
, _ ;, _<br />
Ta bl e 5 : Hr mo r - Pi e r ci n Bo mb s ( Po . er o f P e ne t r 3 t i or _<br />
)<br />
Ty pe Le v e l "d e i Yt us e Ty pi c a l<br />
Pe etrati vn<br />
of of of<br />
No .<br />
Type Sargets<br />
Bom b At t a ck Ex 1 . .<br />
Cha r be<br />
PC 5 0 0 Ei g h 2 2 0 l b s<br />
80 rsm a r : or l a t .<br />
3 5 de l ay e d I ea vy cr u i s e r s<br />
D i`v e<br />
PC l OGO " 3 5 2 l b s 109 mr, " " 3 5 d e l a f e 3 Ai r c ṛ a f t c a r r i e r s<br />
FC 1400 " 80 lbs 130 mm " " 35 " alder- t ype<br />
ba t t l e s h i ps<br />
PC I 6C0 " j Ob l b s 1 80 mu1 " " 4 8 " fo de r n<br />
battl es hips<br />
_<br />
PC 50 0R Di v e 2 0 4 l b<br />
_ . s 20 4 " " 1 + " ) Ba t t l es h i ps<br />
)<br />
up to<br />
Pc l ooo s " 1 +3 l bs 180 m " " 4g " 35 00o ,<br />
t ons<br />
)<br />
PC 1$OORS " 4 lbs 1$0 m:n " " 49 " )<br />
i<br />
PD 00 High 63 .<br />
8 lbs 1b0 mm " " 4v " B a ttleships of<br />
3 ,<br />
000 tons<br />
PD 10 0 0 " 1 3? l b s 1 80 rsm " " + 8 " Ba t t l es h i ps o f<br />
35 ,<br />
000 tons<br />
PC 1 40 0X " u 60 l t s 1 30 r m " " 33 " Ba t t l e s h i ps o f<br />
30 ,<br />
000 tons<br />
PD 2J OOX " 3 1'; l bs 2 3 0 mm " " ' g " Ba t t l e s h i p s o f<br />
50 ,<br />
000 tons<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
_ 3<br />
_<br />
Table 6 : Sp ecial Explosive Bombs<br />
Type L vel Purpose an d/ or Performance Fuse Typical<br />
of o f N o .<br />
iype Targets<br />
Bomb Attack<br />
St a b o 0 L o w Ex tr em e l y l ow- l eve l a t t ack s 55 d e l ay e d R a il ro a d<br />
ign ition lin e s<br />
S t B b o 2 5 0 ' t " " " ' t 1 '1 + j 0 t i r e '<br />
(Ptu i s a nc e<br />
SD Te 1 50 Ri ;; h Fr a ment De ns i t y -<br />
90 r e e t SA r .<br />
onde l a y l i v e e a n<br />
& Fr a tne nt s nur b e r 5 ,<br />
0 00 r e l a t i v el y<br />
Dive<br />
]i ht<br />
SD ?3r .<br />
5 0 0 Lo w Lo tv- l ev el a t t a c ks a t Li h 3 5A nonde l ay ' de a d" ( f i x e d )<br />
peed<br />
SHr 500 H igh Dropped on flying objects<br />
$9 tim e Borsber anit s<br />
SI1 5G0 Dive Hollow-charge boib ; f , enetrates<br />
11 .<br />
55 feet of cerent<br />
6C non delay<br />
Fixed<br />
fortifications<br />
SHl 80U " Hollow-char;e bomb ; penetrates<br />
cenient tha t is 1 6 .<br />
5 feet thick<br />
SHl ' + 00 0 "T`•i s t el " ( i s s i l e ) a LLa c 2 le d t o t ur r e t<br />
of Juikers 88 aircraft 66 nor , d elay Large naval<br />
n<br />
Hs 2 93 Gl i de r bornb ; ri t h .<br />
r e a r c o n t r o l v e s<br />
TMe c ha ni s m<br />
_- e s<br />
8A delayed L3rge<br />
a c t i on c or me r c i a l<br />
v e s s e l s<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
'<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
, _ . ._ -. . _ . _._ .--a_:_<br />
. . ,, . • .<br />
. _ - ' "<br />
-<br />
,<br />
• •<br />
_ -<br />
, -<br />
. . -<br />
,<br />
.<br />
_<br />
' . , '<br />
'<br />
•<br />
• r `<br />
. - - ' I<br />
- _ - - I<br />
"<br />
. - , ,<br />
•<br />
'<br />
,<br />
. :-<br />
, i<br />
' + - - - i<br />
- - ' - . - - _ I<br />
'<br />
_ ,<br />
. .<br />
•<br />
. , .<br />
. .<br />
d<br />
. _ • . . _ ' , .<br />
•<br />
.<br />
- . - . .<br />
I<br />
.<br />
_<br />
,<br />
.<br />
_ `<br />
. '<br />
.<br />
- . . • •<br />
.<br />
-<br />
.<br />
- - 35 - , - .<br />
• .<br />
. - `-: •:<br />
- . .<br />
= . . ,<br />
. .: - ,<br />
. . . _<br />
_ Tabl e : Inc en d . ar . B omb Z = w i t h s el f - des t roy i . ng d® e (<br />
. op t i onal } l<br />
7<br />
;<br />
_<br />
i<br />
. _<br />
. .<br />
- - . . . .<br />
,.<br />
_<br />
1<br />
'<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
• .<br />
. •TyPe L e ve l Thi ckne s s of I o : of Bombs zṇ Typ i :c l<br />
of of -C emen t t h a t Dr P Comt ai<br />
.<br />
. ne r Targe t Q<br />
,<br />
• -« ,<br />
I<br />
. -<br />
: - Bamb g t t a al Caa Be p n t r a t ed 25 Q 5 0 0 1 0 00 - - •<br />
.<br />
- - , j<br />
. - . ..<br />
•<br />
, _ • , ,<br />
_. .. - B1E Z) Hi S h 54 .9 - t 610 ) I o n tal l<br />
_,:<br />
y _; .<br />
, - • - ..<br />
- • - r :<br />
oo -<br />
.<br />
. _<br />
. - . _ t<br />
. . :<br />
_<br />
.<br />
-<br />
'B o . 3E( z ) -<br />
7 mm<br />
-<br />
. . .<br />
a4 248 h$b . $t aa .<br />
., .<br />
_ . .<br />
' . , .<br />
.<br />
, ' . ..<br />
- , . .<br />
+ ( • -<br />
. . , . . .<br />
- rt .. _<br />
'•<br />
.<br />
+ 2 8 B<br />
.<br />
i u<br />
B z Ez<br />
. n s<br />
. -100 mm<br />
6 3 )<br />
, _ -, .. . g . _<br />
. - . .<br />
: . . th s o<br />
, t . . . _ , .<br />
:<br />
_<br />
- : 8 l E ; Z)<br />
. t ' SO ni ` - - ??8 r oaf s<br />
.<br />
.<br />
- _<br />
.<br />
. - .<br />
. -, . - - , . - -<br />
' - , B ra n d 4 ,<br />
Zow - -<br />
- 52 B<br />
- - a r r" a c k s , .<br />
'<br />
,<br />
- _ - - bi vQ ac B- _ -<br />
. -<br />
. . - .<br />
-<br />
_. _<br />
- ' ;<br />
. : B c a n d 10<br />
_ . Ii gh _ - 1 0 0 -<br />
D . :<br />
m 2 8 - - - : l s r. c ra f t - : -<br />
.<br />
&<br />
- _<br />
- h ang a s<br />
-<br />
, , ] .<br />
r g e .<br />
- y o y - :<br />
.<br />
ha bi t a t i o n s &<br />
• .<br />
. .. - . • e d mi ni n t r a?i ve<br />
. . .<br />
. :<br />
' .<br />
,<br />
_ , . - , .<br />
b u l di ng<br />
, , y<br />
. , . • ,<br />
•<br />
Si z e o<br />
, .<br />
f Tf f e c i v e Fe ne t r a t i on<br />
_ ,<br />
' r ea • • _ - . :<br />
, ,<br />
-<br />
. .<br />
- . - -<br />
8pr br d C y0 l ow 66 x 66 200 mm c ement Li g h t Yy pr -<br />
o-<br />
, -. . -<br />
. , :<br />
. - : y<br />
-<br />
t cite d i ac ue t r al - i<br />
St r br d C5 00 bi gh a boa t 6 s q m i<br />
a<br />
l<br />
-<br />
. es ' _ ,` c i l i t i es<br />
i ue - f or es t s & ,<br />
- _<br />
wheat fiel d s - •<br />
B r an d C 50 hi g h 3 3 ' x 6 6 ' 1 50 -<br />
@0 mm )<br />
,<br />
-<br />
• - ' I ne t al l a t<br />
• S i on's<br />
, r .<br />
)<br />
.<br />
' -- l _ .<br />
.<br />
"ot<br />
) t ha t ar e not<br />
i -<br />
)<br />
. - , - -<br />
eas i l y '<br />
Br a nd C2 50 " 1 3 2 x 1 65 Z00 - 2 3 0 mm ) i n f l am aa bl s<br />
'<br />
i<br />
,<br />
,<br />
• I<br />
, . : , . . .<br />
_ : Fl am C ṢO w 66 t 66 ' . - ) Li ve t ar g e t s , - ;<br />
. - - -<br />
• - '<br />
)<br />
. .<br />
eas f l Y ' 1<br />
- . .. . - -<br />
F7 . am C 5 0 4 - .<br />
- 9 9' a .<br />
) 3. n<br />
f ].<br />
q9<br />
amma<br />
. ..<br />
b l e • . .<br />
) sur t a0es<br />
•<br />
_<br />
_ ,<br />
-<br />
_<br />
t<br />
:.<br />
_<br />
, ,<br />
, .<br />
: . .<br />
i<br />
-r -<br />
' . .<br />
-<br />
. , _ •<br />
. . . .<br />
.<br />
"I<br />
_ - . r<br />
.<br />
_ , _<br />
' `<br />
. _<br />
.<br />
- .<br />
- ' `<br />
. -<br />
, .<br />
,<br />
• .<br />
•<br />
. :<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. , - ,<br />
• •<br />
_<br />
. . , -<br />
-<br />
• -<br />
'<br />
'<br />
. . . .<br />
. ' . , ,<br />
-: '<br />
•<br />
.<br />
• . -. • '<br />
-<br />
.- . .<br />
- • ,<br />
. .<br />
" . . - .<br />
.<br />
-. -<br />
a<br />
' . •<br />
'<br />
' F . . ,<br />
i<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
,<br />
. . . . . . .<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. - . .<br />
- - . . , _<br />
, •<br />
.<br />
'<br />
_<br />
- . . - , . , -<br />
'<br />
- _ . , . -<br />
• ,<br />
. . _ . . , . -<br />
i ' •<br />
. _<br />
, _<br />
• .<br />
- -<br />
.<br />
. _<br />
- , r _<br />
• - - - '<br />
' . .<br />
• . . . .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
•<br />
:
, , , • •<br />
-<br />
i i . '<br />
- i<br />
.<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. . . . .<br />
•<br />
i J - I<br />
.<br />
' 1 1<br />
_ .<br />
I<br />
!<br />
.<br />
a<br />
•<br />
I _<br />
i<br />
_ -<br />
+ , r Ị 1 1 I<br />
. - . . ' 1<br />
' G . _ _ J<br />
r<br />
_<br />
r<br />
-<br />
_ , 9 'Y<br />
-<br />
' d<br />
I<br />
1 I _ .<br />
I I . r r I , ' . •<br />
.<br />
- .<br />
= -<br />
_<br />
_<br />
'<br />
_<br />
j<br />
L<br />
f : f.<br />
'<br />
-<br />
+ y<br />
l i<br />
_<br />
- • I '<br />
'<br />
.<br />
r<br />
S<br />
I<br />
-<br />
_<br />
-<br />
.<br />
{<br />
`<br />
" • '<br />
i<br />
l ` ! - I '<br />
.<br />
3 1 .<br />
1<br />
I 1<br />
"<br />
I<br />
,<br />
^<br />
' _ i _ III<br />
f i v ? ' y i<br />
.<br />
'<br />
_<br />
I<br />
'<br />
- • I<br />
'<br />
- , -<br />
-<br />
1 l , t 1s _ r _<br />
'<br />
. . . i<br />
. 4 1 _<br />
•<br />
, ! ! I<br />
I<br />
r<br />
'<br />
I<br />
I I<br />
• r<br />
_ r ' '<br />
I<br />
1<br />
I I . . r<br />
I<br />
I<br />
.<br />
' ' r ' '` _ p ,<br />
- . * j .<br />
•<br />
- r<br />
I ~ _<br />
i<br />
I . . . . l r i *<br />
: . I•<br />
„Tr 3<br />
l i `<br />
!<br />
-<br />
. I _<br />
f<br />
r . - .<br />
j r _y<br />
. e -<br />
.<br />
I<br />
•<br />
:<br />
1<br />
T<br />
i .<br />
I<br />
' - `<br />
• - j; , d<br />
-<br />
i<br />
I - r -<br />
, _ _ -<br />
.<br />
- r ; I I ' 4 I !<br />
i ..<br />
'y '<br />
I<br />
C ! I ' 4 '<br />
i ' I ' I<br />
' '<br />
, . .<br />
f<br />
i<br />
. `<br />
' i I<br />
'<br />
I<br />
J _ '<br />
- , '<br />
` y II , L I F ' ` ' r S'•<br />
f` i • ' - - I<br />
t r 1 I<br />
I<br />
+ - I • 7 • - I<br />
J I , r - . - r<br />
S<br />
g .<br />
- • t • /<br />
. - -<br />
. : i . a<br />
'<br />
r<br />
_<br />
r '<br />
I - 4 '<br />
-<br />
I<br />
•<br />
_<br />
;<br />
y<br />
r i' = ['<br />
I -<br />
i . -<br />
:<br />
:<br />
1<br />
• ' -<br />
-<br />
. '<br />
i . 1 .. •<br />
I<br />
_<br />
i I<br />
.<br />
}<br />
_ '- r `r•+<br />
, 4<br />
r _ _ -<br />
a i _ - - I<br />
'<br />
•1I s x I "'`<br />
, . I I<br />
I<br />
p . , i -<br />
•I . _ : .. . I<br />
`<br />
. '' : ' • - . F. I:a I<br />
_<br />
' -<br />
. I I<br />
.' -<br />
r, .<br />
_;; - I r - v r 1 - ` ., -<br />
_<br />
I J `<br />
p .<br />
•<br />
' 7 . ' ' [ . u<br />
_ - - _ 4 ' I s` 1 I<br />
_<br />
• . n '<br />
• ii<br />
J1<br />
`<br />
. 1 • i { _<br />
1 : : a<br />
7 4 I : . r<br />
. .<br />
i<br />
. v t -<br />
J . ; I<br />
I<br />
- ' '<br />
, .<br />
I r r .<br />
I<br />
'<br />
:<br />
- i -A i __<br />
•<br />
L „ ,<br />
r<br />
+<br />
r I , • 1<br />
X<br />
J<br />
. .<br />
. -<br />
+<br />
'<br />
r " ! Sr I<br />
. .<br />
r<br />
-<br />
ti<br />
s _ t<br />
_ - I f ,<br />
r<br />
L • li ' _<br />
Y<br />
h<br />
t . 1 I .<br />
. I<br />
!<br />
' -<br />
!<br />
.<br />
i<br />
L .<br />
'<br />
^ . '<br />
-<br />
I<br />
. f .<br />
! '<br />
. - 9 - 3 :<br />
• M<br />
_ . P • r<br />
• / s - _ __ I<br />
.<br />
- I I<br />
i<br />
,<br />
l l<br />
i ,<br />
t<br />
_.<br />
' C '<br />
, _ _<br />
• '- ;- , , aI^' - j s: , i . , _<br />
.1<br />
_<br />
r<br />
N<br />
'<br />
I<br />
r . d -<br />
`<br />
,2 - " ,<br />
l i<br />
_ _ . L .. . ? } _<br />
"I -- _ ' S . . e ! • . 1 +. . . . . - _ L - < - -<br />
i<br />
`<br />
.<br />
'<br />
- i<br />
' L _ .•<br />
_<br />
. • .<br />
! • ~ ` . . ,<br />
'<br />
' „<br />
- _. r<br />
- - - - I l -<br />
-<br />
I<br />
I<br />
' 'a<br />
C<br />
, _ I<br />
_r r .<br />
I<br />
,<br />
'<br />
• ,<br />
`<br />
^<br />
_<br />
1 i<br />
I -<br />
I<br />
t<br />
'<br />
'<br />
-<br />
'<br />
• I , • ; '<br />
,<br />
r<br />
•<br />
1 , , _ ,<br />
r<br />
I<br />
. ! = '' I I - - ..<br />
3<br />
r<br />
r S ,<br />
- . I<br />
. . •<br />
_<br />
i .<br />
s ;,, - , ' • I . y i ,<br />
\<br />
`<br />
, r 1 i r<br />
. . .<br />
,<br />
'1!<br />
__<br />
'<br />
_<br />
'<br />
-I - . '<br />
`<br />
; ' ' , • ' - i<br />
s . I '<br />
r<br />
• > l • t K . e<br />
,<br />
ti<br />
i<br />
y } : . , o<br />
• , ! . j .<br />
t J . , ,<br />
f<br />
_<br />
1 '<br />
- ; r ' e _<br />
F<br />
i -<br />
LI • • ,<br />
` f<br />
. - _ ' _._ - u . _ i<br />
i<br />
_ •I i<br />
' 'Y<br />
` . i .a 4<br />
- '<br />
,<br />
° "<br />
, •a • •`- : >o'<br />
.<br />
. I<br />
, I<br />
_<br />
i<br />
. ' - - n -<br />
{<br />
_<br />
I r . i , _ , S '<br />
-<br />
•<br />
,<br />
.<br />
J<br />
t<br />
' • I - _ c l .<br />
.<br />
. J<br />
i<br />
i : ¢ -<br />
T . - Z - T<br />
_ _ .<br />
i<br />
_<br />
- ' _ _ - < : .<br />
4<br />
_<br />
. . ' ' _ -- ' - t _ ; [ I - -. - -<br />
9 } .<br />
I<br />
I =<br />
I - A . , _<br />
_<br />
'<br />
•<br />
i . I .<br />
'<br />
"<br />
: i<br />
f<br />
'<br />
_<br />
h Y<br />
i<br />
Ii<br />
. i - ; . -0 - -__, , . I ; ,<br />
8 1 4 • -<br />
., r t , I .<br />
: S<br />
: l `<br />
'<br />
- ; e , • , -<br />
-<br />
t -<br />
' • } r `ti .<br />
_<br />
J .<br />
< & + 1 - . . „<br />
t M • r `<br />
, y ' i.<br />
- ,<br />
,^<br />
i<br />
' .r l<br />
T<br />
' i' , ,<br />
-<br />
i<br />
' y , _ ' f : ,<br />
` I ! . }<br />
J S S" • l 2S y<br />
i<br />
-<br />
- ,<br />
1 . I<br />
. _ _ _ '9 , ' » I -<br />
I ,<br />
_<br />
• .<br />
- a - - - - at - 1 3 ' -<br />
.<br />
' - - . -<br />
.<br />
'<br />
l<br />
r<br />
. : • - . R i ' . Jf . 1 5 . s ._ I<br />
;<br />
r _ r ! j j 1 - I _<br />
_ . L i 0<br />
/<br />
r<br />
S _ r . - - : y - ' f $ ' ' e r<br />
_<br />
I I I<br />
-<br />
' /` / • L , . j<br />
. - , _<br />
! , . 4' .<br />
ti i :r<br />
, l . * V . T . A , { .<br />
L 1<br />
-<br />
I<br />
S<br />
r<br />
i .<br />
u<br />
ti !1'e' : ; • r . : ) O r ? e al , ' Ib • ? j<br />
.<br />
_ 5<br />
- i , . - I r . ` c ' s • .<br />
`Rl i l<br />
_<br />
y<br />
`<br />
. , . A, `<br />
i<br />
- , I<br />
J `,<br />
I<br />
. • I J i f y - i`_<br />
I<br />
,F<br />
3r .<br />
i •<br />
- - l • „ L y<br />
' l , - •<br />
' `<br />
`<br />
I ' • '<br />
- 4 • J s i<br />
.<br />
~ I I<br />
, _ - d .<br />
: 1<br />
. . 1 : .y<br />
. , i e. & • ;, ti . , . : .<br />
•<br />
,<br />
•<br />
i l - ` . , ,<br />
~ 1 `<br />
.<br />
L<br />
. I •<br />
: . p l ! . '<br />
'<br />
,<br />
_ 1<br />
L<br />
_<br />
( . [ - , -<br />
r J f<br />
Y<br />
I I I - I<br />
I<br />
•- - I 4 `' _ .` 4 I<br />
/<br />
ti . ' I . •v i<br />
-• . - I L )<br />
,<br />
• _ I I I - I I<br />
- I ., ! _ . . r<br />
r _<br />
_<br />
; ' , 1 ; . 1 :<br />
I I<br />
_<br />
r . - ,<br />
P<br />
• I<br />
I<br />
+<br />
• a = . .<br />
•<br />
K'<br />
C<br />
_ r<br />
'<br />
.<br />
_<br />
. . _ 1 '<br />
.<br />
. • I I I<br />
, : C ,<br />
- f ! _<br />
I<br />
- ' :<br />
i<br />
. ' 1<br />
K .<br />
_<br />
( • 1 T<br />
-<br />
L , .<br />
,-<br />
,<br />
1<br />
_ ' " _ , ti . . , - ` . /<br />
; .. . ... • . I , _ ; ' .<br />
_ ,<br />
- s<br />
ti<br />
.<br />
L<br />
_<br />
: \ e<br />
• c r L 1 \ Y _ .i _ • a I<br />
,I<br />
1 y i<br />
i z<br />
•<br />
: - . _<br />
• -<br />
- ' i - . , - .<br />
i . ' _ - - -<br />
9 T . .<br />
. • - I • / ` 1 I II .. - - Y _ . a r • i _ '<br />
, I _ -<br />
f<br />
• -<br />
I -<br />
r . .
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
. - - - : - • _- ' ; ,f<br />
.<br />
- - - r - • ' : ;<br />
-<br />
_ , • 1<br />
_<br />
. . .<br />
. . ;<br />
_<br />
, _ . ,7<br />
. . :<br />
.<br />
.<br />
, I :<br />
• t<br />
_<br />
*<br />
I<br />
•<br />
. . .<br />
- , ,:<br />
_ . . . _ . .<br />
•<br />
. , .<br />
- ,<br />
i i<br />
. 3? '<br />
-<br />
; -<br />
-<br />
• ' ,<br />
"<br />
. .,<br />
.<br />
•<br />
,<br />
. . - '- .I<br />
;<br />
• ' F - - i<br />
-<br />
Ae r i . al Mi n e s , A r i a l a t .<br />
er pombs , an d Ae r i a l Tor pe d o es .. " . ; ~ . ;- =' I<br />
Tabl<br />
. .<br />
e 9:<br />
- , ,<br />
.. .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
'<br />
. . .<br />
.y _ -_<br />
. . - /<br />
'<br />
Type j f ei g h t Ez , pl oe i ve , . Di mens i ons .<br />
(Spe e d a nd Di s t an c e Cṣ v er e d . ' '<br />
. _ . - -,-_ • .<br />
*<br />
of : •ob<br />
_ _ ar g e „ Cị r cum - by Aer i a l Td r p edo )<br />
- , .<br />
_ . ~<br />
• . . • Bomb ' f e r enc e.) , . .<br />
__ .<br />
• • '<br />
2100 .- mm - , - • ,<br />
LMA l 27b l ,<br />
b s b60 l b - e 60t) m l ong - CGr .- c ua d m i e •<br />
- - :<br />
-,<br />
. , - . . _ -. - -,<br />
: ,.<br />
,<br />
304o mm<br />
,<br />
r<br />
. 3 , _<br />
. t h _ :<br />
: ,<br />
I 2', 101 l b s l ,<br />
0 l bs " Z Y7C "<br />
. P a r a h t e<br />
_ .. - ' I<br />
'<br />
i '<br />
. -<br />
- d<br />
_ . . 28aa mm • =' - • " '<br />
1<br />
.,<br />
, , . 3 64 i b s 110 l .<br />
bs . " " IQOQr e , d . m i ne -,, .<br />
; , i<br />
. . - - z 6o o •<br />
mm . - , -<br />
. _ _ _ . • n .<br />
. Ae r i al mi n , ; - : , : . I<br />
BM 1a 40 2 200 ' l ,<br />
bs - l , 89 2 i b s 650 m 8 Z<br />
. , , - ,<br />
. . 125Q mm , _: - _<br />
_ -' :<br />
, F1 .. Y1 2 5Q' g$Q ḷ b e 286 1b s _ - . 3 68 - - " 3<br />
. .<br />
t h: se s •= G 9) ` . '^<br />
i<br />
.<br />
- - - • -<br />
. . a, (8g} :__. ; .-<br />
: ,<br />
Z oo mm - ' • .<br />
'<br />
-f . , h<br />
- -<br />
•<br />
b z i 4 • 1b _ .<br />
40rnm 3r opped by'' -Paṛ t<br />
.<br />
LT 350 4i t ) 70 1<br />
5<br />
-<br />
. ..<br />
- • , f<br />
, 7<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 3 -<br />
°' Co tlt a l n e d )<br />
Ta n l e 1 0 • Lo a d C a . a b i l i ;y i n l r oZ Co n t a i n • -, ( o . o f Bo,nL<br />
Con t a i r.er SD 1 ST " .<br />
D j SD 4IIL SD9 D10 Sli 15 B 1 .<br />
3E B 1 .<br />
5E EZE7 Tr and<br />
4 10<br />
a 50/70 50 23t 4 42<br />
AB 250 24 114 i r _ !e 30 17 9r 64<br />
_ use<br />
AB 1000 105 ( 24 + 1 .<br />
3E + z3 8 B2yZ) c10 ??$ 2$<br />
B 500 39::<br />
84 70 37 24 84 116<br />
The load standards are ; i ven ir .<br />
Ta les 1 and 7 ( nor a l loads )<br />
Su r l y c on t a i n e r s f or a !n:nun i t :i o ri li d a c 3 ; >a c i t ;; o f 1 ,<br />
7 0 I b :<br />
each . .<br />
Su l l y co n t a i n e r s ,<br />
i t h pa r 3 ch u t e : l,<br />
d a p a y l oa cl o 1 ,<br />
5 40 l b s<br />
a n d a d r o p s pe e d o f a r p r ox i r . ia t p l y 2 G ii i e s a n h o u r .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- ;9 -<br />
Tabl e 1 1 : Th e t"o c t i mpo r t ant Ba mb Fu . e s<br />
( At t a c li e d t o t h e S i de<br />
unl es s o t 'r . er wi s e i ndi c a t ed )<br />
Type of<br />
&e<br />
Delays if , se for Delayed Mainly Employed<br />
Il on del ay He l a e d l c t i on I ni t i on tvi t '<br />
E1 AZ lj 6 .<br />
001 0 .<br />
05 8 SC 50 - SC500;KC25Q„b<br />
pZ 25 .<br />
001 0 .<br />
08 14 SD 500B ,<br />
SD 1000 A<br />
. az 2 0 .<br />
0005 - - Flam c 250/500;<br />
KC 25 0 ; r<br />
Ll A7 . i<br />
2$A 0 001 . 0 15 . -<br />
5<br />
11 1 - SC 500 a S1L1St<br />
E1 AZ 28B -<br />
0 12 . ṟ - SC 1000 -<br />
SC 2000 ,<br />
ki i=e t i c f us e SD 1 7 00<br />
'1 AZ 3 5 0 1 0 1 . . - PC 50 0 - PC1 40 0 / rra t e r<br />
B1 AZ 38 0 .<br />
05 ,<br />
Z J<br />
All SC Ḻombs asaiṇs<br />
El AZ 48 0 .<br />
0 ' ti 5 0 .<br />
0 75 - PD 5 0 0/ 1 00 0 ;PC 1 E0 0<br />
Ll a Z 55 0 ,<br />
oo l -<br />
El AZ 5 5 1 0 •<br />
0 00 2 -<br />
4 s D o - s D 5 0 o A ,<br />
S e e5 .<br />
14 (Al l S D bo nbs up t o<br />
SD 500 Br hC 250<br />
I I I I l a r g e<br />
F1 am C 250/500<br />
E1 AZ ?4 0 •<br />
0005 + f raction use SB 1 00/ ?500<br />
•<br />
El Zt Z 9 o n; - r a n e r er o t e c c nt r o l o f KC 25 0 w a r d I I b . ,<br />
5 to 4 0 seconds Bl .<br />
C 50 , etc .<br />
El Do ppZ 49 i ni t e s r o cke t de l ay e d a c t i o:-. uf 3 0 4 . • PC 500 / 1 00 0 RS<br />
econds a ft er 2 .<br />
7 seconds<br />
Oh rw ,<br />
ZtZ 39 can be set from 4 to b 0 secci.ds B1 C 50A ,<br />
SHr 500<br />
VZ 3 4 i ni t e s LI S 3 0 s e c onds a f t er 1-: i t t i n;<br />
t he ; r ound<br />
e AZ 6 hi hly sensitive electro- d y amic SD 9115 , all HI<br />
h ea d f us e<br />
bor bs<br />
AZ 3 : :e cha ni ca l h ea d r u s e f o r al i o li o r l c r-<br />
l e v e l dr a ps o f s i n;; l e SD 10 ' s<br />
AZ 1 3A me c h a r. i c a l h e a d f u e t i t h u: i l a t er a l<br />
effect<br />
B I E ,<br />
E 1 .<br />
3 E<br />
pZ 2j p m :c l a ni c ai ]€ ba s e f us e ṿi t l<br />
all - arcund e ff ect Brand -<br />
/10<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 0 -<br />
^f r; : c f J < l a y ,<br />
I f Se t r ur t l a y e i : :a i n i _ ?'r iF l o ;-e d<br />
1 , V<br />
4 ẓs e ? , • n d C .<br />
a D l _ Ḻy e U : C t Lon I n 1 t .<br />
ZQn \ I ,. h<br />
a Z ^ 3 tii l i v s i; r.:, i t i t e• ' c r<br />
.<br />
f , . : e . ' :•ri t i :, i, r ' r a: n e " D ' / 3<br />
• J<br />
1<br />
c t p u Fl C r_ tl t =' :. 1 f _<br />
. ::r: . ri t i i u t c: • i :. ' _ : :; t ,ro<br />
1 , : t e r a , 7 _<br />
7e ca , e s SD Z t<br />
Zt Z r ;<br />
. : i t ? l ,<br />
c c a t u : t i o ; j -•r i o :' < o _<br />
1 - ' _<br />
l; o r ; n<br />
s . : c o : d<br />
LC 0 F .<br />
r .<br />
d<br />
_ ? 2 7 0/ J 0 0<br />
v t Z r ;r i t ' : a c o : a >l :- t i o i c r i o c3 c, f ;' I :<br />
, > c r<br />
0 s c ' 1d:: :<br />
J O/ l OJ O<br />
Lt Z c 9 r S :_a _<br />
1 ,,: i' t u r f a s e , r . t h 1 . c:e c ; d s A 5 0/ :;C'0<br />
t n - r ': d .<br />
L . ! n c i C _1. 21 b<br />
- t ; E t : '! E: _ i1<br />
. .<br />
. : ' f ? 2 C ` / 0 0<br />
. J u -<br />
. .<br />
~+ .<br />
i . r :J .<br />
L:' Z 7 ' % G - c b s e t b , : t :, . .<br />
r .<br />
. n _ .<br />
l Q t :i :, ., t e<br />
S C ` j 0 / 0 0<br />
Z' . 1; . • " "C ' 1E' c ' ,<br />
: I ! (: ;; 1 I ' C .<br />
: o V cL l . , _ _ o C t i f 0 T L<br />
: 1 '<br />
.. ' . J f v r ^<br />
7<br />
f C '<br />
C<br />
I<br />
. `r t O E T' u J v ' ° S r . ' n il , : _<br />
t G t l : ,<br />
. _ _ _<br />
. t t :<br />
;; :Ti '-r a t i o n ,<br />
T'i O S E' - '<br />
_ =2 10 ::i r f; C<br />
G J :V I : ' J J<br />
` ? e:f Tec t i v c: t i :! '<br />
. _ , _<br />
.<br />
e 1 = ,<br />
, .<br />
a:- .<br />
}<br />
.: t oa_ l ,, , t c<br />
_<br />
o .<br />
r s 0 :,.,<br />
J , •J<br />
GO l i l = (: c ) , , • t Ff r r r `<br />
. r',a r t i o n r r y e .<br />
" C ' S0 0 0<br />
: . , . . t O E ' u ' ' '<br />
,<br />
. ' " r" a =' '<br />
t 17<br />
• L: Z : ? Ce r .<br />
t r a l Z; .<br />
1::>e t : _ :c t i ` t: t e } f t e r 5 - 7 0 , :1 .<br />
n .<br />
l t o s S D i _<br />
S t 0 ? :: r' ( C t ' 11 ' ' T' f i l E e t l '. ' f t ;<br />
_<br />
.<br />
' C Ci : : C : l i J : z ° C: i 1 _ .<br />
t` 1 V E<br />
_ ,' I'<br />
1 :<br />
- ,<br />
.<br />
i: :<br />
C f . L t 1 r1E - i. : E<br />
C h E : L " Z 7 7 c e T, ± ,- 3 f
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ rl -<br />
Tab l e 1 2 : Co d e l imb e r a n d Co : p o s i t i o n o f Ex r• l o s i v e Ch a r e s<br />
Code Desi nation Composition and/ or Uae zethod of<br />
Piumber<br />
Fillin Bomb<br />
13 Fp E Oj40 60 Trin it rotoluol Poured<br />
40 Amrsa n i u rli t r a t e<br />
13A Fp 50/ j 0 50; Tr i * i t ṛ o t o l uo l "<br />
D' a mmo n i u rri Ni t r a t e<br />
14 Fp 02 100 o Trinitrotoluol "<br />
12 Amatol SO;Dinitrobenzole<br />
3 Ammon i um rti t r a t e<br />
15 a Tetramethylenetrinitraṛ;ine<br />
1 01 Fp o 2 pr l eg rti .<br />
"<br />
1 0 2 Fp e 0/ 4 0 ph l e rn .<br />
"<br />
.<br />
105 70 Trinitrotoluol 1Z "<br />
Tr i a l en 15 A1c . i M .,<br />
( Tr i ch l o r - 1 5 6 Te t r a me t h y l en e t r i n i t : a m .<br />
n e<br />
e thylene )<br />
lOC Trialen 50qO Trinitrotuluol "<br />
( i d ) 25° O Al , m ,<br />
; n , , ,f,,,<br />
2 Tetramethylen trinitram ine<br />
" E" Tr i a l er<br />
(id)<br />
60 >; Te t r a me t ,zy l e n e t r i n i t r a mi n e "<br />
( presse d) x ith<br />
YOc Tr i ch l o r e t h 3 l e n e 1 0 6<br />
^_'S 1 1 Tr i / ,<br />
Re 60 Tr i n i t r o t a l u ol "<br />
C:; Te t r a r e t h y l e n e t r i n i t r ami n e<br />
SyT 1 S Sc h i e s s tivo l l e : Fi l l ed f r r a c h u t e r .<br />
; .<br />
n e s "<br />
Pa<br />
(1 • ii t r o -<br />
c e l l ul os e )<br />
S't 3 6 " " " t or p e do e s "<br />
I 09 P f " " a r r o r - l, i e r c i r ; b o tb s P r e s s e d<br />
113 Amu3onal Repl acemen t filler for S T'e 50 Y<br />
114 " " " " 5C 250 III Facked<br />
"A" Amm onit Fill er for SD 1 and SD 3 Packed<br />
(Am o n i ut 7<br />
N itrate )<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
ṛ<br />
R<br />
. _ ! i :<br />
- - - r' ' • I i• • ? . C 1 1 .<br />
r -<br />
.<br />
' i u L<br />
f - - -- ! ` = 1<br />
a - ~ i T' : _ . .. ' E t 1 G ' .<br />
C' (' i<br />
J '' 1<br />
t<br />
1• %? .<br />
, ' l l ?' C _.,<br />
i .<br />
•<br />
r<br />
. F . ' i : l •<br />
i 1 L l ! :<br />
. .<br />
l<br />
,<br />
: :<br />
l l '<br />
_<br />
: l _ :<br />
L<br />
_ . _ . T f<br />
_. . .<br />
i l - .<br />
i i : i !<br />
. . i T I<br />
. 1 . 1 - . _ .<br />
'<br />
- " L<br />
.<br />
i i .<br />
' : !<br />
_ . .<br />
..<br />
_<br />
.<br />
a ( 1 . . -<br />
1 1' ' ..<br />
t<br />
. . - .<br />
4 ' :<br />
n<br />
. _<br />
. : l . l<br />
: :<br />
.<br />
.<br />
_ _<br />
1<br />
_ w ' :<br />
. , t' ; : =<br />
. ' i _1 ] J<br />
i<br />
.<br />
i ?<br />
, t Cl<br />
, _ _ ,<br />
}<br />
. v F :<br />
,<br />
} ' E ,: i l ' ' `-<br />
r t<br />
_ ` , -<br />
_. l `<br />
. I 1 1 ' _<br />
C ? t t L<br />
. . 1 , : i ; . : " . '_ ' l7 ' ..<br />
I i 1 ' } '<br />
, 1 }<br />
. _. .<br />
t l i c+i _ _<br />
1 Z .<br />
' t ..<br />
' 1 J .<br />
"<br />
_<br />
_<br />
Ei N<br />
.,<br />
' ' '<br />
. •<br />
,<br />
_ .<br />
1<br />
_ . .<br />
' l 1<br />
. _ .<br />
t '<br />
, . .. - . . .. - t _ ' i ' C<br />
_. ' 1 . ,<br />
i . w _ . . - . . .. .<br />
!<br />
_<br />
1 Z<br />
. -<br />
t<br />
. ,<br />
r ,<br />
L<br />
.<br />
'<br />
l .<br />
, - . j : i i 1 t<br />
_ ., h ? . . _. _ U : i_C1<br />
., 1 C' E' ' ..<br />
1 'i - . .. . :i : '<br />
_ . .. ' : : i i: i : , .<br />
L _ -r . -MI• V . ti<br />
-, • • 't r c : ,<br />
c zi : , •: o !, , .<br />
_ - r : • c ,<br />
_ : :<br />
_ r o i - • : • ': l :c : ._<br />
± :_ o r .<br />
: .<br />
3 r '<br />
.<br />
: : !<br />
: : : ' f<br />
.<br />
_ = ' 1 L )<br />
. . _<br />
. . .<br />
- ' , _ :<br />
"<br />
j J , r<br />
. . _<br />
. . . . . _<br />
. .<br />
. _ .<br />
: , n : y<br />
. 7 1 . : : i 1<br />
t_ +:: i • ' i ? , • , - `<br />
- . . _ c L t :1 i . .. . ' a ' "+ - . .<br />
_<br />
::<br />
' ;<br />
' . r '<br />
. . C; ! . _ . • : 1<br />
' ?<br />
-*' . . L . ' !<br />
. ,<br />
_<br />
, j ; 1 :<br />
. .<br />
-<br />
l<br />
,<br />
:7 ?: t : ,<br />
?:: : 1' '<br />
!<br />
' r<br />
"! i i i ' :<br />
_ r , . , . . -<br />
i _ ': i C E ' ? : '<br />
f 1 ' . t<br />
..<br />
L . . 1<br />
L<br />
i ' t ' : ? -<br />
_<br />
_ U C<br />
. .<br />
I 1 : _ ! _.<br />
• `<br />
.. _ . L : i l<br />
. .<br />
i<br />
. =<br />
. . -.<br />
' - t. . .<br />
t<br />
• ! , .ị 6 A ' P r<br />
i<br />
l t :<br />
i : :<br />
. _ v - - i _ .<br />
l<br />
t.<br />
, . -.i<br />
,<br />
. . , l ' •'<br />
i<br />
- : '<br />
1<br />
,<br />
_<br />
_<br />
_. ._ _' F' .^<br />
1 :<br />
, . i ' .<br />
' l . .<br />
' F• .- 1 r , • -! f<br />
1<br />
_<br />
_<br />
1 '.l i : f ;<br />
.`<br />
l, = _.. . , . . . ! i ,<br />
__ . . ; '<br />
.<br />
1<br />
_ . . _ .-<br />
1 , . . .<br />
! 1<br />
l<br />
i . ' _ - ., i . _ : .<br />
I<br />
! ?<br />
_<br />
a .L ' L V t<br />
!<br />
„ -<br />
"I l l i . ._ t . . • i :<br />
' 3<br />
_<br />
'' -<br />
,<br />
.<br />
L ' '<br />
.<br />
•" _ _ _<br />
' r ' )<br />
.<br />
. r . J<br />
'<br />
, . a i t ? ?i j<br />
? i<br />
J '<br />
r<br />
G I l<br />
_ t : . . ..<br />
1<br />
l . ..<br />
+ I - ! ,<br />
L<br />
. , . ,. t . _ . .<br />
,_<br />
- - 1 .<br />
S ?<br />
. .<br />
' J<br />
.<br />
: f '<br />
a :-i .<br />
~<br />
^<br />
r " .<br />
- -<br />
? ( '<br />
- f' c<br />
1 .<br />
.... . e ' - "t ' l<br />
. , . _ _ , • i , . i " i i - f ' L '_ l ' ' . ' i ? + .<br />
, i •_ .<br />
-<br />
.<br />
. 4 . : . . . i 1<br />
-. _ . ' - .<br />
1 . t l r<br />
. . I '<br />
. _ " 1 - - - - ' v 7<br />
i . ' :' . . `<br />
' 1 ;<br />
: ' i ( : i '<br />
_.<br />
.<br />
_ a . i _ : C' !i i . _ i _ . - . : '. ': I `. - ' - ` • -•<br />
' , • F= •<br />
' _ - - - _ _ .<br />
„ ' i l r<br />
-<br />
. _ . .<br />
.<br />
i<br />
i<br />
J ..<br />
. ` t. . " I I ' ' ' f i '<br />
-<br />
L<br />
_ ' : . - - • r ) : a l . - - t^ . t . • , - -<br />
i<br />
t' , ' ' = i '<br />
.<br />
i -<br />
- .<br />
i ... . _ _<br />
i 0 L ' Z :<br />
, . ."<br />
_> .<br />
;: t i<br />
.<br />
L t 1 :1 <<br />
. l l<br />
.<br />
_<br />
. i :. . ,<br />
r<br />
. . . . f 1<br />
.<br />
l : J . t ' !' ,<br />
J . . . - ._<br />
i . ,<br />
. . . .<br />
: 1 !<br />
,' . a . . . . ..<br />
- 1 . .<br />
1<br />
• :<br />
, . .<br />
: [ ) '' 1<br />
.<br />
)<br />
i<br />
- . .<br />
L l<br />
: 'i . L : : t i<br />
•<br />
.<br />
. . .<br />
I<br />
L<br />
. .7 ' U i t ` : ? :<br />
. .<br />
1 _ +l V<br />
_ . .<br />
-<br />
_<br />
C<br />
1<br />
.<br />
- . . ... ._<br />
C l<br />
,<br />
1 l , a - _ i . 1 (J I '<br />
. . . .<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
,<br />
': 1 i ,<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. ' ' l • " . _ t i i ' a<br />
_<br />
. . l . i : V J !' C<br />
_ .<br />
l l :' _ I l t i l • r : . • ' _<br />
'_ . C ..<br />
" . . _ _ . .<br />
T i<br />
, ..,<br />
_ : C ..<br />
1<br />
1<br />
.<br />
1 .`_ _<br />
'' J 1. '. - ' r<br />
. . , . . -<br />
1 '. 1 . • . _.. l J . . 1 _ . : . j . _ . . ,. t . . - . . . _ `<br />
. . .. ,_ . f' _. _<br />
r f '<br />
. _ . - ' _ 1 . + i . v 1<br />
l'<br />
_. . . ..<br />
'_ C; . _ ! , l: ' _, " : _ . . .<br />
_' [ _<br />
' .<br />
:' .<br />
_ . - . . : _ .<br />
: .<br />
'<br />
_ _.l<br />
I .<br />
' I : ;l : (' . r ,`l .<br />
( i 1 1•<br />
_ . .. _ .. .I<br />
. , .. . . . . . . . . .. . , . _ , j 1 (<br />
. . . . . . : 1 . i<br />
. l : ? l i .<br />
; i<br />
,<br />
, -<br />
, - V . :. ; ' 7 , 1 _.- _<br />
4<br />
.<br />
, i<br />
. y _ . ._ . _ , l<br />
_ - _ . . l . '<br />
. . ..<br />
1: -. _<br />
1 _<br />
7 j 1 . ' _<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958<br />
- 4 3 -<br />
purpose bombs .<br />
This can be decis i ve for the success of an air<br />
attack ,<br />
if the enemy is well dug in and sFlinterproof alls<br />
prot ec t the parked aircraft .<br />
Fragmentation bombs proper generally do not exceed a weight of<br />
fr mentation<br />
33 lbs H . eavier ombs a l so exert pressure effect on ob jects near<br />
th eir impact point and are therefore designated multip l e-purpose<br />
bomb s .<br />
All fragmen tation bombs have thick wa ll s and contain from<br />
1 '<br />
10 - 12 percent explos ve charoes in relation to their over-all<br />
weig h t . Th e purpose of these bonbs is to produce as many effective<br />
fragm ents as possible .<br />
Th r fuses ust be extre ely sens iti ve ,<br />
and thei ran ge can be considerable extended by the use of dis tanee<br />
t uLe s an d dr a ; s t r u t s .<br />
Or i ; i na l l y ,<br />
t he onl y ex i s t i n ; f r agmen t a t i o o<br />
bornb was the SD 10 ; however , single drops of this bomb ar e rare ;<br />
i ns t ea d t : ey ar e a l s o dr o ppe d i n l ar e num'oer s i n c on t a i ne r s t o;;e t h e r<br />
with other bombs: for iṛstance A B 2j0 's with l of the SD 10 type ,<br />
eAZ (66)<br />
whi c h a r e e qui ppe d wi t h E<br />
A f us e s r a t he r t ha n t he A Z i ( ) , .<br />
To<br />
a n i n cr e a s i ng dea r e e h , owe v er r , . a v e c or t a r s he l l s o f 5 0 a n d SO - un<br />
caliber as well as high - explosive shells of 38 - an l 105 - mm calibers --<br />
ba t h of Ar my or i g i n - -<br />
b e en tr an s f or me d i n t o S D 1 an d SD 3 as vte l l a s<br />
SD an d SD 15 , respectively and equ i gped with membrane fuses AZ (73 )<br />
or (66) . /i th appropriate targets ,<br />
the SD 1 and SD 15 have proved<br />
especially<br />
effective.<br />
Fragmentation bomb s are eva luated according<br />
to the number of<br />
fragmonts and<br />
fragment density produced .<br />
The latter is defined as<br />
th a<br />
t dis t ance reasured in me t ers f rom the point of bomb explosion<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
!k4 -<br />
a t l : i c h o n e f _- -_{ ,<br />
; e r t c =rn s t i l l r e .<br />
c h n .<br />
n d i • i d u a ? s q u a r e :a s t e r<br />
o f a v e r 4 i c 3 1 t a r e t : u r f a c e a r .<br />
a s t . 1 1 l lwv e s u f £ i c i e i: t p o tiwe r o f<br />
P e n e t r a y i _<br />
o n t _<br />
: t i t c . : r e n e t r<br />
t e r , . i n e :o o d a f c n e - i n c h t : : i c ' - n e s s .<br />
Tl - : i s :'JOU I d c o r r e s p o r .<br />
d a p L;r o x i iaa t e l y t o a 1- e r f o r mFi n c e o f<br />
a e t e r -<br />
l i l o r _~r ,s a n d wo tll d b e c o ra i d e r e d a c s u f f i c i e n t t o r u t a l i v e<br />
t a r o e t c u t o f c o iu b a t .<br />
I r f i ;•, - ur ? n o u t t h e ur b e r o f f r _; ::cn t s ; o n e u s u a l l J c a l c u l a t e s<br />
e v Gr f r a ; n e r t U F 0 o n c ; r ; ]L i ri We ? -, .; h f o r "', 0 1 .<br />
" .<br />
b ? ; l E ? ; l i<br />
l ll ; u p t 0<br />
- 4 0 00 , - r n s b ec :zs e . : ,
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
r ? J<br />
-<br />
L - • ' Y1<br />
. L t l a<br />
l L - F LI 1" , . ! o J 'J o IR S<br />
Al t h o a t t _e i r : : e r o f l c•n e t r a t i o n d u e := r o t e x c e e d t h a t<br />
o f C - p e r c e n t h i t r l l - e x p l o s i v e b o ::I b s , n u l t i p l e - ? • u r F o s e b o : rn L ,<br />
c l r o y : e<br />
f r o i ? l a : r a l t i t u d e :; } : . v c f a r ; r e r t e r c o r. i s t e n c y t h a n<br />
h i y i<br />
-<br />
t h e e:: p l o s i v e :ve 3 ; on s .<br />
Bu t b<br />
•c au s l.• e : t h e zr I o s e r c on t e n t o f<br />
E; X T , 1 _ p S 1 . ti ' S<br />
t i C 1 2' P .<br />
f i @C i .<br />
1 V B l i r ' S S 11 3' P .<br />
1 : G L2 .<br />
=<br />
_<br />
i i l<br />
l f : : o r t ' 3 t<br />
,<br />
a S<br />
t h a t o i h i h - e : p l os :i v e b c . :b s .<br />
:, c .va v c r ,<br />
t h e imiLt i , l e - h ur p o s : b or: b s<br />
!<br />
1 I' O C ; 1C F' r J iL, t I r • :` , . ll
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_<br />
_<br />
o i l a r _<br />
d n d :: e a t a r e t ; .<br />
Th e i r a r L r e v i =t e 1 d e s i : . .<br />
t i o n i s " SC "<br />
i n G e r uta ;i .<br />
S i n c e t l . e y c o n t a i r<br />
, r'e r c e n t e x l o s i v c-s ,<br />
t h e i r c a s e s<br />
a r e r e l a t i v , l y t n i r : f ,<br />
b u t a u f ' i c i e n t l y s c l i d t h a t t h e ;f c a r. p e n e t r a t e<br />
i n t o a n y u n p r o t e c t e d o b j e c t a r .<br />
d d e t r o y i t r r o m t h e i n s i e .<br />
H i ; ; h -<br />
e x p l a :: i v e b o i;r b s , r e Lif; Ll "3 1 ;; r .<br />
d r o f o r d l l3a l y s t e e l a n d - - a s Pr e -<br />
v i o u s l y r te n t i : :e c 3 . - - a r e r o ci u c : d i n t h r e e _l u ; l i t i e s a c c o r d i ri;; t o<br />
t h e Ci i"1t1 f C t u r i n .; h r o c e s s . . u ct i l i t i e s I a n<br />
I I a r e f i l l .<br />
e u : i t l :<br />
' o r d i na r y e x pl e s i v e s , :r?ai l e ch.a l i t y I I T c c n t : i n : .>u i :, t i t tte e;cp<br />
1 G 8 1 V £ S .<br />
: j<br />
: r C .<br />
" ,.<br />
( i<br />
t 0 2a 0 t l .`i t 'i £ r G' G O1!: 2 ,<br />
1 e C 't "! 1'1S t<br />
n i v a l t a ?' ;; Et s , Ule r e f l 1 _<br />
e d 4vl t }l 3:L ,<br />
;1l- 1'UWe L' d : , ':{1> l v : i v e s . r: d e r e<br />
t l er e f a r e ex c l u s i v e l y i ua l i t f I ,r o c;« c t s .<br />
Del a ;; e c - a e t i o r:<br />
f<br />
.<br />
u s ,<br />
'Ne ?"e u s r d i n r . o s t i n s t a n c e s .<br />
Th e p r a d uc t i on o f S 0 ' s r -3:: : i c , r t i _<br />
ity , f e r ;u i t e So E ±i me<br />
•<br />
i n f a e r o f t h e r, e r e r:od er n SD `; 0 , -::h i ch c on t r _<br />
i t e s r e a r o u r: t<br />
u f e;r _<br />
r ,<br />
l o s z v es .<br />
TYi r, ',v l a e d SC 1 ° !; G ra :_<br />
1 : o ' l i s c o _t .<br />
n u e d a n d r e c- l a c r d<br />
b y t e S C 2 ,)0 t h a t :'ra s , r o d u c e d f i-o :_. o n e , i c c c; o f ! e t a l a n d ra s<br />
_i b G'u t t 1 . Ce ' c .<br />
15 S' t 2' o il . .<br />
i li C d l . t : 'dE' : e I' r f t r . : .. C i C ' Q e i s u r e d 6<br />
- 1i' 7 ,<br />
a ; a i n ; t ' + ' { 0 - n m o f t h e 5 C 1 ° G0 , 'r h i c h c o u l r i U e c o i: s i d e r ; .<br />
d a c . a .<br />
SC ? OCO o f t j i r d _ i a l i t y .<br />
I n . d : l z t _LGn t o a e s i n a t i i t h e u a l i t y<br />
a f hi :- e x pl o s i v ' b o Ḻs ,<br />
t h e i r rse t ! ;o d o f . :r a d uc t i o n ṿa s a l s e<br />
i r .<br />
d i c a ` e d , wl- i c}i o rF v er ,va s o f o n l y t e cr ni c .<br />
l . . i iii f : .<br />
c a nc e .<br />
Tr e SD _<br />
70 0 wa s ;x i n t e :^ , l l y r l .<br />
f l e d h i ; :, • } - e x; .<br />
] _<br />
o s i v e b or: t ri t h<br />
:; c t i va t e d lxrue r o f p en e t r : t i on a n d 40 1_c r c e n t e x F l c s i v e e on t e zt .<br />
I t c o ul d r e n e t r a t e i n t o a y l r• e n , _v- 1 v s s e l u , > t o t l c ! a i n<br />
. r : , o r d l a t :i .<br />
n ; , z n d i t s 11i ; I P:c ] _ o s i v ch ar e e . c, e f i _c t i v e<br />
e v e r _<br />
i _<br />
n t h e c a s e o i a n e - r - i i :. .<br />
I t : i: ii c t r s t :: d c r tr i s e r s e c r:, : l _ t e 1 y .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
1 L C ? - } 1<br />
- t r ; .<br />
.<br />
" ' '<br />
l ) • •<br />
'^ +7 ' t h : : 5 =t : _) i :. = 7 . . • . . .<br />
I' D C I ' : t L 1 0 l1 . . •<br />
: i ; 1 ; .<br />
t 1<br />
?• .<br />
:1 `J : .<br />
l .<br />
i -<br />
y • . , a c<br />
t<br />
! : (' l t'<br />
, ' _ " U +j U C t 1 C. l i Ua .<br />
_ ' l<br />
' i, t<br />
.<br />
l1 .<br />
T l l r<br />
!. 1 `<br />
. f l_ T _ i ' : } ; t<br />
l<br />
. ,. l O<br />
f l i. !<br />
..<br />
: ' 1 - c' '<br />
. - t 1<br />
.<br />
iJ l .<br />
i l<br />
,} "i .<br />
= JI : I G<br />
. : O t %c 1 1 1 _ : ! C l .<br />
i '<br />
, J , . , , .<br />
° 1 T' :1 : t v<br />
_ . .. '. : ?" l . . L (%rl L v . . ; i f ' 11 ; •<br />
1<br />
. .. r<br />
t i . 7 . : . i i : l: 1<br />
`<br />
i : 1 l . F"<br />
•<br />
t<br />
- i<br />
. 'i l t ; } ? ! - : 3 g f '<br />
3 G :1<br />
U 5<br />
Ir i ; l i - e _+, l o ^ i v ti c , o .<br />
: >"<br />
.• , i : : i • . _<br />
1 o , i. VC; C . . 3 . T' J .' f<br />
• a l ; o i .<br />
a i .<br />
i<br />
' t=' -<br />
'<br />
" 11 ' ; F I' : J ( s i ; .<br />
i : F , 1<br />
: ^h - (; l ' 3 .<br />
t J F ) ('; i' i : "1: i l ", : 7' ? : ' _<br />
'l i ; F' C Z ' .<br />
'i i i . ] `; f i _<br />
_<br />
l<br />
`<br />
V 1/<br />
i J P 1!<br />
. :<br />
l l t : C' ( l i j ( 1<br />
. . •`.<br />
i 1 . t ' ' I<br />
: 1 '_ l i l<br />
r<br />
.<br />
C .<br />
Y I i: S . .<br />
A<br />
_<br />
' i ' C / l l U C l ' . : (<br />
t;ta : : i :::u :n l 1 :-: .<br />
: a ` .<br />
' .. e ,<br />
; , re i' _ : . 1 ,0 : , . - „ ? :o .<br />
e f r r: t . . 3 r . . _ : ri c<br />
. , Y , e<br />
U r .<br />
(<br />
_<br />
l l : .<br />
a ;<br />
' u l (7 f J '<br />
_ .<br />
1 1! ; i 1 : 7 : _ F !J ,. 1 - • ' ' .<br />
I ' 0 Y' i ' 1 Z _ ' . .<br />
: 1 J r . '1 : : %3 i 7 r l l<br />
. i l i .<br />
l<br />
l<br />
.<br />
(.3 :7 1 ' .<br />
1<br />
I1 0 :<br />
, l C _ ' . f f<br />
12 L C O U l I i . . f . ' i i S i : c _<br />
!. . : " :? ', C : „ '<br />
r , . . ; O i _ ' 1 : ; ' ., i j G r<br />
i<br />
C 11 ,<br />
L' C i<br />
( 1 : - '<br />
i l -<br />
v<br />
1 0 i'J :; 2' C' C ? : " ' '<br />
1 0 : 1 'J S . .<br />
ẹ :3 1 ( 1( ) i T: : ?<br />
c<br />
'<br />
.<br />
» : ". t l :J i : i : i1 l l i : J f: 1 . 0 ' • ' ! G :" .<br />
t 3 C'<br />
1<br />
l J t : l . . .<br />
: l . '<br />
f<br />
' Y _<br />
T<br />
t<br />
.<br />
i C'<br />
.<br />
C " n i ` '<br />
. L E; ! i ( '<br />
.<br />
? : : C l : l 7 ' i y . !<br />
J<br />
:<br />
. _<br />
'J<br />
( 1 : J .<br />
_<br />
_ 1<br />
l i<br />
l<br />
1 C ' D i a<br />
L .<br />
1 .<br />
: i ,<br />
} t 4 h : C 1 ! 3 t ' f '<br />
.<br />
_ V<br />
' 0 2' l i (' i1 _<br />
E? Z : t1 i ? t - i .<br />
i - 1' 3 -`..<br />
• .<br />
°J_i t<br />
a L C ' _,<br />
i<br />
'<br />
, , (_l -t L S a : ' f o • .<br />
: a i : ,<br />
u P t' s e a<br />
1<br />
•<br />
'<br />
= '<br />
}<br />
C J 21^<br />
` Vl' U C :<br />
`<br />
C l a 1 1<br />
. )<br />
S<br />
. 0 V .<br />
S • .i ` V<br />
. i ( ' •<br />
_<br />
J<br />
1<br />
t S '. l J 1 1 -<br />
. + _ L' r' _ L .<br />
l I' G ' VQri<br />
-<br />
L T 1<br />
. c Q i .<br />
- : .` .. .<br />
_<br />
., e r __ i , t .<br />
t •u c t t r : := .<br />
T i >» i t , . _ ,; 'JJ .<br />
t' :i n n ' 1 . _; ;;° , -, r d<br />
. n . . _ ` i o n a l<br />
' r a c u r e u; , e ;r ,<br />
.. .= u e . . I i f : . : c • - ., c '' t l:c . : o :a l : s d f: f o r r . 1<br />
' C C ;: ' ,.<br />
1;; ' : '. t :<br />
f U : ? "x ' c_ : _L : l : t • t ; t C . 1: ._. _. ii e<br />
. ' 1:= : • '<br />
L i : S '<br />
i n O<br />
.<br />
i ` '1 1 C ; r . .<br />
,-l t 1 ':<br />
+ 1i . l 'J ? l i': t<br />
_ ? 4J O f ' r ' r _ .<br />
} 2 ; . 1<br />
. _ O f .` h ti .. ,<br />
^<br />
_ c : i . : . Gi'<br />
.<br />
',•;J- _ _•Z' l: l<br />
t t u. c : .<br />
s t 'r . w i ; _:r , . c . : u ` _ ; . _<br />
• . - e .<br />
: l . : " " : b L: , /1 , i s " i t : )<br />
( :; . _<br />
NCH&^<br />
, COIl : l `<br />
•I' E .<br />
' i • i : .1 1 1<br />
,<br />
t i - C i i .3i"" 1 ) r'• t l ) ,<br />
j ,1 i 1 ] 1 ^ C t ; P 1 1 .,<br />
I' : la U + ' - CGI' : i' O ? i U .<br />
t' ;J ? .<br />
: ' X`f :ii0 '! ? s , ' 0 •`. : i _ t Oli ' . i C « ; . .<br />
;j e C ṭ -<br />
a c i o :<br />
f i ,- e<br />
( j 4 ) b e c : :aP e `' f c .<br />
; i v e f t . (_r :i c ? a o f : c l y<br />
,<br />
j ( _<br />
Nr p n 1 : .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
a l s a j r ' : s<br />
Z Il t 11 S 1 C , G : C a ị S t ( Z l ; t l l u t l l i l 3 ? '<br />
.<br />
.<br />
il F• ; Cl<br />
.- i I' ' .<br />
:i n 2' - ` E P .<br />
° t l , i - t t r lv<br />
b onib:, , a l ;:o c?e c i n ; t e d , : s e rai - a r : i: i•- 1 i c:r c c<br />
b o ib s , a n d t h e<br />
l r mor - . i e r c i n ; b ornb s l r o p e r .<br />
c . .<br />
Az•t o r - P u e t r a t i a<br />
3 o mb s<br />
l h e i r a bbr e y i a t e d de s i Ila t i o n i " I " ; t }<br />
: ey a c c or l i s h t : e<br />
r e ui r e d p e r e t r a t i ort , ve z: i .<br />
f t ' : e y a r e p r o du c c d o f ca s t s t e _ 1 .<br />
, Th e; vre r e f ou n cz s u i t a l e f o r h i : ; h s l t i t u < ḷ c a n d c , i v e b orab i n; a t t t e .<br />
a : i n s t ;ve l l j r o t e c t e u t ar „ e t s ; n l a i r:s t . a r s 3 :i p s ,•ri t h t o i::, a e s<br />
u1 t o j J ,<br />
0 0 0 ol s .<br />
Hi h a l t i t u de s o :, t e ep d i •: . ; a r e e s Uent i a l<br />
i n o i d e r t o or t a i n i , v or a b l e a r l e o f i . , a c t .<br />
r : ,e b o :: b , : re r e<br />
e ṭu i ,•1 e d -, i t ci we di r t r e n o t n +;- l l s n a con t a i n e a 1 5 - 2 0 p e r c e r:t<br />
l . l e aa t i c ior rt l e p l os i v e .<br />
Ti e i r :o i it s , ve _•e r _.t b er s l eud er a :: d<br />
t l e Lo di e •ti :7e r e l i h t l _ du c e d t o ra r l , r e, r s o t lia t t } e<br />
c o ul d ; s i l Y -.e 1 n e t r a t e i:r e ar !+to r e a 1 ;l t e . ; a 0 ` ẕn •l e . !'1 1e f .<br />
uazs<br />
`<br />
. + a d oTi l y t wo , a r a l ] . e _ d l a y c o F a .<br />
l s e c oi. : . ; a c h a li d v e r r L'ca ch e d<br />
t o t n e s i d e l i k e t lo s o f `.i :e %i ,<br />
;h - e Y l c r .<br />
i Le a +d r,lul t i pl e - pu r l o s e<br />
b o 1Ḻs .<br />
Ti!c s a n da r d : _ Wor - 1 . +-i:e t r a t i i?
'<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
'<br />
'<br />
. - : --. _ _ __ _ - . - . . - -<br />
_ ; ,:= , = : _- .<br />
. ` "<br />
:<br />
,.<br />
.<br />
, , - • { _ ,<br />
. - •<br />
'<br />
. - f<br />
. , , ,<br />
- .<br />
. . , ;<br />
• : - ,<br />
- . . , - . .<br />
. ,<br />
.<br />
: : . • - , . - ,<br />
' -<br />
, ! •<br />
.<br />
,.<br />
• ._ . .<br />
; - , . - , _. _<br />
. . .- • . • .<br />
. • ,<br />
- . . -<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. . ._ _ . , , .<br />
.- . _. . . I<br />
. .<br />
. ..<br />
. . _,<br />
.. ..<br />
. _ - . - . .<br />
n<br />
. . - .<br />
b : Ar ,<br />
na r = f 'i ẹr c ṇ g Bombs w ; t h Pr o ul s i o CSymbol nP f ! - • i<br />
- ; _ . . - . • . • , . .. _ : . ;' -<br />
. . . .,, _ . _ .<br />
I _ _<br />
-<br />
Qr de r t o t t atak s t r ngl r a r mor e d s ii ps up t o ,<br />
a Dout<br />
_ . . • - - . • _ -<br />
,i I<br />
, . , -<br />
' ' 3 ,<br />
D0 - ' t one i n a di v e - b o i a b i: ng l i g h t Ri t h ch an c es o f • s i nlti ng -<br />
,<br />
, . -<br />
• : ` '<br />
. . . 7 ' ' . .<br />
- - . -• .<br />
' t hem ,<br />
t lze , a e x main .<br />
- ;ea e l oped ar mof - pi e r c i n$ bv m fi s wi t ? r ock e t - - '<br />
. - . , . - . - • _<br />
.<br />
.<br />
; - - -<br />
pr .<br />
opul s i a a t ị n a r l y t i ii e . Th e• _<br />
conbus t i on per i od of t h e<br />
. • '<br />
.. • .. , _ . _, : - , .<br />
•<br />
r ock e •t e - w a cs s e f q a r e l is e al t i t ude of 0 - .<br />
75 mj l , es a t a n<br />
. - - . - '<br />
, T . - . - . .<br />
-..<br />
-<br />
a b ou t f 0 ° - i g 3 . e; a U c o f .. .<br />
: - '<br />
. ,<br />
.<br />
_ -<br />
+<br />
.<br />
• . -<br />
,<br />
: _<br />
-<br />
'<br />
-<br />
-<br />
_<br />
-<br />
- S<br />
-<br />
- - - :<br />
.<br />
.<br />
_<br />
_<br />
•<br />
.<br />
. . .<br />
. . .<br />
• Thi s t 3C se , -<br />
ci: f ;bomb ha d a cha r ge nf Qnl y a Pe r p e c . en . _ r h ch<br />
_ . - ,<br />
' . = - _ _ .. • . • - • . _ . -<br />
- •<br />
,<br />
'c ọ n e . e t e d af : rb os ed s'hoc] l pr oof i gb - per or manc e e x pl ba i ves .<br />
•<br />
• . , - - . , •<br />
, .<br />
. . -<br />
,<br />
' ; `<br />
Th<br />
-.<br />
e bomb rer e • shor t a nd cyl i n d# i c an d f or e d f r om 1 1 o ie d e t s el .<br />
; ; _<br />
• _ . , .<br />
. . . -<br />
.. • . . _ . ,. . _ . , • . .<br />
. . .. - - . , . I<br />
t -<br />
Th , ,<br />
• . , . e r 4 p eZ tt wa a t t a c h e d t o t h e i r r e r ; h or t l y a f t er - t h e r e l ea s e ' .<br />
, - . , , - . . _ • - .<br />
. _ . • • '<br />
, - •.<br />
, . - ,, , - , - _ , ..<br />
_<br />
: - o t h .<br />
e b o Cb i t o r a , . i n i b e d by Yn s e # J - ) ,<br />
t h us b r i n g i ri g t h e b p mii : ' •<br />
-<br />
_<br />
_ - , • - : ., . , , . : •<br />
. , - . • ,<br />
t o a n 3.mpa t s xee .<br />
o f '; a bo t 1 0 00 f .<br />
ee t p er s e c o nd Th . e. i mpa a t - '<br />
-<br />
j<br />
_ J •<br />
,<br />
f<br />
• • 3<br />
'<br />
I<br />
- -<br />
•<br />
.<br />
•<br />
•<br />
_<br />
_<br />
-<br />
`<br />
-<br />
•<br />
,<br />
.<br />
•<br />
, i ; a . a e c ond c 1 e • , y wa s - i n e er t e d i nt n t he - , 1 •ua e 3 'of ,<br />
1<br />
• -<br />
_ -<br />
. . .<br />
1<br />
I . . _<br />
,<br />
I _ . -<br />
.<br />
_ _ - f ns e s #<br />
. -<br />
: .<br />
•<br />
. - . . . , - , .<br />
.<br />
'<br />
- - .. • . . r - - - .<br />
' t he pr o ec t i r e . , The : s t d a r d i s e wa s t h e PC 1000 t8 ,<br />
t be 5( . 0 R$<br />
_ ; f: : . . , . - , .<br />
; : 1 ' '<br />
.<br />
_ '- - - :<br />
.<br />
. _<br />
Ij . . . . .<br />
' . - :<br />
,<br />
• • 8ṇa .<br />
1 .<br />
_<br />
U RJ<br />
.<br />
, h a Yi n<br />
4<br />
- •<br />
;b `<br />
e eA -di s c pn t i n u e d • b e c u $ t h e<br />
. .<br />
c h a r g e i i t 3 e . • .<br />
. . . .<br />
i . - .<br />
;<br />
'<br />
.<br />
. -<br />
-<br />
: '<br />
' -.<br />
I • - -<br />
f ' -<br />
Y .,<br />
-<br />
.<br />
-<br />
'<br />
. • ,<br />
f or m er w h ar d 3 st f f i c f t . t o i ga i t e, t he a mmun i t i a n i , ti -<br />
. , - _ _ _ • _ ,.<br />
.<br />
•<br />
, .<br />
, _ ` . :<br />
, " '<br />
,<br />
,<br />
_<br />
, • . - - ,<br />
. - t e a t t a a d -<br />
Yes @ . • ie ' 1 00 RS ' e -<br />
pow e r , ene t s a t i Qn di d . :<br />
.<br />
• .<br />
_ - ' ' • , :: - ., , . . : _ --. • •• , . .<br />
.<br />
• .<br />
•_<br />
. _<br />
'<br />
. - s<br />
' .<br />
• . . •<br />
.- - . , s ,<br />
' ' a<br />
• . _ •<br />
• ;: _<br />
. _ ,<br />
t b<br />
. ,<br />
g t bt t os e b1 t o d o<br />
. Mb18 a16 '<br />
.<br />
. , @ Q<br />
- u v t Qr x ee rc c a _ i a ' rrY i<br />
. • S<br />
p<br />
_<br />
- =<br />
- - i .. . ,. r<br />
-<br />
, .a T ' '. • . ,<br />
, . •_ . , .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
• ; - . .. t e PC / $ 3 bo ' $ , , r o a hi g • . $ il t i t tdes 93 t .<br />
h4u t xi c i ug o n i e -<br />
'<br />
.<br />
. , • - : ; a - . . - .. " • '<br />
, . _ .. _ - . _<br />
: - •<br />
•<br />
' ,<br />
'<br />
, . . . r E . . .<br />
, ; • • . . . .<br />
r<br />
-<br />
.<br />
,<br />
.<br />
. . • - i<br />
, ' ; - , - - ': {.<br />
`r o c k e t s t t . a c t e a t<br />
i<br />
,<br />
; . i . . J , . - •<br />
•<br />
y : - ` • .<br />
•<br />
, • . - - a<br />
-<br />
• - s i<br />
-4 .<br />
, -<br />
•<br />
-<br />
.<br />
_ _<br />
.<br />
; '<br />
-<br />
. . . : 1<br />
.<br />
Y<br />
. . .<br />
•<br />
' ." ' -<br />
. . •<br />
-<br />
• i<br />
• . . _ ' ' •<br />
• - ,<br />
_<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. . Y<br />
_ - -<br />
. f l , 1<br />
mbol D )<br />
_<br />
•<br />
. .<br />
l<br />
.<br />
.<br />
- '<br />
, .<br />
= . .<br />
. . . . . . . .<br />
i f b y ;<br />
.<br />
, _ o h a n c e n o D b a m s x e r e a v a i l l e '<br />
. . . - `. ; . ,, . - TR<br />
.. , • c . tQ -<br />
. :<br />
. .<br />
T<br />
,. . . .<br />
• !<br />
. . .<br />
. ,. , ti - , 1' .<br />
, . • . •<br />
: . - - , • . . , _ -<br />
_ ' • - . . - 'h e re .<br />
e " - s i<br />
t<br />
b l e, Q i 3 r .<br />
f o r ,<br />
, b i gh a l t i t nde , a t t a ck s s o b t ' `<br />
' „ . ; . , i .. , ' : c- a<br />
_ _<br />
-<br />
.<br />
=i •<br />
_ k T . -<br />
- , - .<br />
'<br />
.<br />
_ ,<br />
i'<br />
.<br />
' . . , • • • .<br />
i . .<br />
-<br />
v<br />
'<br />
_ •<br />
' i , . r _<br />
.<br />
; . -<br />
: y<br />
_ _<br />
s Yf i ci e r ac t .<br />
. v e3 oc i t i ' t c a l be g en er a t edti ; . t o . p i er c e t b e - . .<br />
i<br />
.<br />
• : i ti '<br />
. I -<br />
`<br />
. • .<br />
r<br />
'<br />
. . . . . : ' ' •<br />
e<br />
•<br />
. . _<br />
. . . . i<br />
. / , - - . . .<br />
.<br />
-<br />
.<br />
' ' _ • : .<br />
: ` : . _ - ;<br />
. ' . _ } , •<br />
. . . •<br />
. . ' .<br />
•<br />
,•<br />
--<br />
. ' • = .. _ . -_ ,-<br />
,<br />
. ' • , C .<br />
' . i ' .<br />
:<br />
_ t _ i . , • }<br />
. s . ,<br />
•` "<br />
- .<br />
.<br />
- •<br />
i<br />
-<br />
- • i<br />
_ . _<br />
.<br />
• , , 1 - •<br />
_<br />
. • _ - •<br />
_ , .<br />
-<br />
• :<br />
_<br />
,<br />
i<br />
, - - -<br />
f<br />
y<br />
. : '<br />
'<br />
. ,<br />
.•<br />
- .• - _ •<br />
•<br />
' ' " •<br />
• i : '<br />
`<br />
• .<br />
'<br />
_<br />
-<br />
' ' - -<br />
• • . ;<br />
- .<br />
`<br />
,<br />
' .<br />
_ - y '<br />
. • - - ' i<br />
.<br />
,<br />
_<br />
, . . , . . . . .<br />
I „ . . .<br />
Y<br />
j<br />
1<br />
, ,<br />
r<br />
. . .<br />
- . . . . . . .<br />
- .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. . ,<br />
-<br />
, _ . .<br />
.<br />
- . . -<br />
- . . . -- i<br />
a '<br />
' . . . _. . - .<br />
. i .<br />
- , . - - - . . .<br />
. .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
•<br />
•<br />
,<br />
' '<br />
: ' =
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- , c -<br />
a r rnor - l l a t e c c?c c i • a o f ,ra r s li p s o f a r r o :i ,aa t 7y 3 , ; 0 t o r _ s .<br />
To ob t a i n a h i ; ; h t a l l i t i c co + f f i c i en t ,<br />
t h : ' c•rị b c . : ^ e s ti re r e<br />
1'or ; ed i n ,an u s u a l l ei_ t l : Td ri t h c a •y t 1 i c .: . a l l s ou t o f<br />
, 3 1 1 oJ e d<br />
s t e e l .<br />
Th e po i n t s ,rer P dL1 1 a r _<br />
d t : e c F: r e c o: i . :! t e d o f 6 p c r c e n t<br />
c oml: r e , s e d `!i ' - p Er f ' iaii ]i CP . t }:_l o s r e .<br />
Th e PT? 1 0 00 r_r. t l : e s t a n da r<br />
c a l i b e r lyea p on f or t h e ' -v .<br />
IiiB r e a . o r i v en i !1 t ie c ; s e o f t iie P' 1 00 L RS .<br />
ṛi .<br />
Z c. r-: o t +- C o il t r o l 9r rsor - Pi e z•c i r ;; or_ib "<br />
In order to inerease the accuracy of hib i altitude bombin ; ,<br />
t h e Ge r ma n s d ev el a p e d a r r o r - p i e r c i n ; boulb s t lla t c ou l d b e c on t r o l l e d<br />
after they had been dropped .<br />
The control in the drop parabola could<br />
be achieved both by wireless means and by a o .<br />
2 - mm trire tiat ex tended<br />
fro the aircraft to tse bomb until the latter hit the tar et .<br />
Th e rero te-control bombs have a source of li ht in<br />
the rear<br />
s o t h a t t h e y c oul d b e b e t t e r d i r e c t e d t otiva r d t h e i r t a r ; e t .<br />
i : ze<br />
•<br />
FC 1400 X had<br />
the same power of penetration and explosive perf<br />
or ma n c e a s t h e PC 1 + 0 0 wi t h ou t r ecno t e c on t r ol .<br />
Th e FD 2 5 J 0 X , trh i c h wa s b e i n ; i n t r o du c e d , tiva s d e v e l o p e d f o r<br />
attacks on the nore recent mode l s of American ba ttl eships in the<br />
"Iowa" class .<br />
It had a very reat power of penetration and had<br />
a<br />
char e of compressed hi h - performance explosive .<br />
Its comnitment<br />
was worth vrhile only a ;a i nst warships of above class .<br />
U .<br />
Other Ex l p osive 3ombs Available to the Luftwaffe<br />
Si n c e t h e s o - c a l l e d s t a n da r d ' oor b s ti9e r e n o t a l . va y s a va i l a b l e<br />
in sufficient nurabera ,<br />
the G ermans occasionally sad to use o ld er<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 51 -<br />
type bombs , as previously rentioned .<br />
Amon these were the high -<br />
explosive 'oo bs SC<br />
50 aud the nul tiple-purpose bombs SD 50 , which<br />
ha d mea nvrh i l e be e n r epl a c ed by SD 70 ' s i n t i e r r o duc t i on l i r . es .<br />
I f : o SD j 0 's re r e r e a di l y a va i l a bl e , on e ha d t o t a .<br />
ke t he SD 50 ' s ,<br />
if raore fra a entation effect than explosive effect wIS des i red ,<br />
and t h e Sc 5 0 ' s i f i t wa s t h e o t he r 7a y .<br />
The SD 50u A groduced a rea t er number of frar;ments and had<br />
aore explosive effect than the . :D 500 i ,<br />
but did not have as much<br />
power of penetration .<br />
The FC 500 RS ras to b e used only against<br />
i o r t i f i e d l an d t ar g e t s a a i ns t ;vh i ch i t s e:cpl os i v e e f f e c t was<br />
considered as sufficient .<br />
or the sa ne reason the PC 1000 was also<br />
to be employed against correspondin tar ets on th e round ,<br />
insofar<br />
•<br />
as it was the type of bomb that had bren produced of steel with out<br />
bad<br />
a l l o ys .<br />
,'Ih en e ve r w i s i bi l i t y wou l d no t a dmi t t h e empl oy ment of<br />
FC 11+00 X ,<br />
the PC 1400 vras to be used in a dive- b ombing fli g ht .<br />
There was only a limited number of PC 1600 's because these<br />
weapons vrere produced from captured equipm ent ; they were remodell ed<br />
French mortar<br />
sh ells rsade of high - alloy steel .<br />
In high altitude<br />
a ttacks the SD 1700 was to 'pe preferred to the 5C<br />
Z000 , especially<br />
against large warships ,<br />
if there was any prospect of penetrating<br />
deeply .<br />
The SC 1800 could be used up without disadvantabe in place<br />
of the SC 2000 ,<br />
if emp loyed withou delayed - action use .<br />
It was<br />
then to be used cainly against in dustrial targets .<br />
Th e PC 1800 R S<br />
was discontinu ed since the PC<br />
1000 RS sufficed for all poss ibl e contingencies<br />
.<br />
The cement fragmentation bomb S Be 50 was to be used only in<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- ' 1 2 w<br />
an em ergency . Oth errlise , a ll so-ca ]ḷ .<br />
ed "older- t ype" bombs were<br />
.<br />
still fully capable of emplog ent .<br />
Th e staṇ dard models were introduced<br />
mainly<br />
to reduce the number of continuall y pro duced types<br />
of bombs to a minimum .<br />
6b .<br />
S<br />
ecial Explosive Bomb s an d Additive Equipment<br />
Hollow- Ch ar e Bombs<br />
`"h e r e v i ou6 l y iue nt i one d a D E1 wa s de v e l o pe3 f or a t t a c ks on<br />
t auis s and a t t a cỴe d i n f a . t r y t e ams .<br />
Th e ro s f.e c t of s c or i no s e v e r a l<br />
h _ v p 4<br />
i t s on a t a nk ui t h a s a l o o z 7 SD Ri and to p ut the vehicle<br />
was<br />
out af operation % consideraLly r :ater than b y employin<br />
on e s i n l e SC 5 0 0 wi t h nonde l a y f us e , : rh .<br />
ch ha d e . n e f f e c t i ve r an e<br />
o f a bout 1 0 f e e t a wa y f r om t l e RaSS i a n i -<br />
, a c c o r di nb t o Ger man<br />
exp erience factors .<br />
Th e SD 10 BL titas a dual - purpose f ra meatation<br />
and ant i t a nḳ b oc b , rri i c h hox e v e r h a d not b e en i nt r o duc e d .<br />
i iTc r a l hi l ī- e x p l o s i v e bom b s c a n b e .<br />
ui r l e d c i t h f r on t a l : t t ach -<br />
me nt s t } la t pr o d uc e ar a dv aii c e bor i n e f f e c t on one ' s owsi bombs .<br />
PTo r r, l ex pl os i ve L omb s c a n a l s o be c e nv e r t e d t o Lol l o rr- c h ar e<br />
e f f e c t .<br />
Th e s e a s ve 1 1 Y , a s th : f r o r t a l a t t a c h ae nt s we r e no t i n t r o -<br />
duc e d i u c omba t be c au a e or di na r y a n no r - pi er c i n ; c o ab s pro duc e d<br />
b et t er r e s ul t s 1'h . e S il 5 0 a nc l t h e SHl OJ 1 : av e on l y a di r e c t e d<br />
e x l o s i v e e f f ec t 7 er u i t t i na pene t r a t i oris o f a ny : r uo r e d or c ea e nt<br />
c o ve r wh e n d appe d i n a di v e - b ombi nn a t t ac k .<br />
T -:e hol l o rr- c har e bombs t ha t ti•re r e i n us e wer e ch a zo e d wi t h<br />
tetraaethylenetrin it rau: i ne i n com :ressed form or with poured<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 12958<br />
r<br />
-<br />
53 -<br />
trinitr toluol that was enrich e d with tetra iethylenetrinitramine.<br />
Tlsi s wa s a l s o t h e c a s e wi t iz :h e SEl + 0 00 t ha t wa s a t t ach e d t o a<br />
pil o tless Junk ers 88 at the front and directed to the tar ,<br />
et area<br />
by a Messerschm itt 109 a ttach ed to its top .<br />
After a<br />
flat dive<br />
t owar d th e t ar; e t ,<br />
the fi hter p il ot would disengage hi s a ix cra ft ,<br />
and the flying cha r ;e tivould continue its path to th e point of<br />
impact .<br />
This was called the Mistel<br />
process .<br />
The penetrative po Ner<br />
was so rea t th at a ho l e of about 15" was torn across the entire<br />
width of a battlesh ip .<br />
•<br />
Fi h t erbomb er - an d Zaui s anc e Bomb SD<br />
The bomb consisted of a sn all cast steel body filled with<br />
ordinary<br />
explosives and covered by 4 tir wings when in folded<br />
condition . Th e wi nbs opene d up<br />
•<br />
rrhen th e boni b l eft th e drop container<br />
,<br />
disenva ed the fuse<br />
( +l ) by turninga 6 " s teel cable , and<br />
" simul taneousl acte d as brakes for tie bowb so that th e a ircraft<br />
Y<br />
f r om whi c h i t wa s dr o p :e d tivo ul d be a bl e t o e s c a pe t he f -a men t a t i o n<br />
range even if it flew at very 16w altitude .<br />
(:D 2t ) lithout brake<br />
vanes and equipped onl r with an armin propelier the SD 2 Zt wou ld<br />
dr op f as t e r an d t l us en e r t Ye r oun d .<br />
I n t hi s man ner t he SD 2 wa s<br />
employed mainly as nui sance bornb , equipred with<br />
(b7) ,<br />
(70 }B , and<br />
?? f usea .<br />
Telescopic Fra mE ntation Bomb SD Z50 Tel<br />
Thi s b om b consi s ted ef a thick - ;valled r:ultiple-purpose bomb<br />
to<br />
wa s a t t a ch e d i n i t s r o l l a x i s ; i t<br />
wh ich an ex tendable t e l escop e- t ype device F<br />
had b een built of 3 tubes tA<br />
that measured about 3 feet each ard were placed in F one another .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 5 -<br />
r lt th e point of this device a mem Urane contact w3s attac'ed ,<br />
c onne c t i u ; i t rri t h t h e El AZ ( 5 5 )A f us e .<br />
Dur i n t h e de s c ent t l e<br />
t ub es wer e e xp el l ed by a car t r i d ; e s o t l-:a t t h e i n i t i on oc c ur r e d<br />
about 8 f e e t a b ov e t h e r oun d or s ur f ac e a f t is rra t e r .<br />
Th e ra nS e<br />
of the<br />
fr:ornents was thus considera bl y extended so that they tivou ld<br />
reach even in to the she lt ered positions .<br />
Sh r a g ne l Bo rnb SHr 50 0<br />
Th i s : a s de s i ne d t o be a t z me f us e bo nb a i r s t f l y i nb obj e c t s ;<br />
i t c o nt a i ne d 3 ,<br />
C0 0 s e .<br />
ar a t e f ra ;; me n t s l5Y we i hi n5 a b ou t 4 o un c e s ea c h .<br />
Bra k e P arac hute Domb SD 50C Br<br />
Ti e SD 5 0 0 A wa s us e d f o r t 'ui s pur po e e , wi t h a di s t anc e t ube o f<br />
5 feet aid a membrane conta ct to a (55 )A fuse ,<br />
botu attach ed to the<br />
point of the bomb Instead . of the stearin assembly it had , a brake<br />
drop<br />
parachute made of nylon .<br />
This pxracliute was tested for speeds up<br />
t o ,<br />
-+0 0 mi l e s pe r hou r . , wi t h i t s us e ,<br />
t h e bomb c oul d b e dr oppe d<br />
from a rinimum altitude of l05 feet w ith a nond e laỵ fuse . I n this<br />
case the b omb :vould hit al rnos t vertically and produce a ood<br />
fraoment3tion e fY ect .<br />
The a i r resistance encountered by the<br />
5D 500 Br , suspended underneath<br />
the aircra ft , was l ess th an<br />
far a n ordinary bou b ṿ ith<br />
the usual uidance jystem .<br />
The fragment<br />
we r e ca pab l e o f S l nki rlj ev e n i nva s i o n ba r ;e s ( LC Z5 0 t o ns ) a t<br />
major distances .<br />
Nose- S p ik ed Bom b s<br />
SC 50 an d SC 5 0 nos e - s pi ke d bo, Ls :a d a s t r ong s pi k e a t t a c he d<br />
t o t h ei r po i nt s , •rh i ch tiva s f or , ; e d a nd s c r e vred on a t t h e t op .<br />
Ev en<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -'= -<br />
f I' G l ii , . ; . C L V L' -.<br />
J<br />
.<br />
O ; :<br />
V<br />
_.<br />
: ,<br />
i a d<br />
_<br />
(<br />
- j ? c L ,<br />
! : '<br />
..<br />
? -, • i _ _ F± t7C ' . : ; :<br />
' N<br />
-<br />
l<br />
. ;<br />
I<br />
J<br />
_ .<br />
! ! ( a<br />
f ' ! ' .<br />
!<br />
. .<br />
. 1 : J<br />
J<br />
: y ; :i :;: u .<br />
} ' ' . . . _ . _. _ G<br />
. . a ' i, i ? t ,<br />
'<br />
L O :. .<br />
l<br />
l G l 1 ' V 2 i .<br />
v ° CI<br />
_ ' G a ! i i : l i j<br />
j ,.,<br />
,<br />
r : !<br />
t i<br />
. _ ' t ; G P : ' : t' , . 1<br />
' 7 - 'ii : '<br />
..<br />
:<br />
:k<br />
t - - =<br />
0 }7 Z : E: ! :<br />
_<br />
_' .<br />
l<br />
l<br />
. P 1 7 i : l C : %C '<br />
t<br />
C;<br />
. . c : } ; : :J. ] ' : ' 1 l =<br />
. . .<br />
` ? 1 F ,.<br />
: ' : `,: i f e c , . _ v e u o i t . i , ` }
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 56 -<br />
b y d e l a y e d a c t i o n .<br />
`.<br />
h n f u s e s u :; F d a ,<br />
; a i t s t n a v a l c a r ;; e t s i e r e ( 3 u )<br />
s e t a .<br />
t 5 s e c o n d s u l d a a i n s t r o ;:n d t r ;; e t s<br />
( 2 )<br />
s e t a t 1 4 s e c o u d s .<br />
Dr a t r u t s a .<br />
n d Di s t a ii c e T u b e s<br />
In an<br />
effort to expand the effective ranbe o f fra rients ori inating<br />
f r om rnu l t i p l e - a r po s e b omb s , p : r t i c u l a r l y •rh e n a : i h a l y Pr a f<br />
s n ow c o ve r e d t n e ; r o u n d ,<br />
t h e Ge r a a !; s f o u n d i t a dv i s a b l e t o a t t 3c h<br />
dr a s t r u t s or d i s t a r=c e t ub es t o b o b s s u s p e r _<br />
d e d o n t h e ou t s i d e<br />
•<br />
of aircraft .<br />
ih e diff raLCe L e tneen<br />
the two wss th a t dra s t ru ts<br />
wer e t a s s i v e s t i ck s t n a t t r a n s ai t t e d t h e i a r a c t s h o ck t o t te<br />
e n t i r e b oiab , rr h i c h rra s n e c e s s a r y un l e ;;s t l :e bot:: b •sra s e qu i p p e d<br />
wi t a ( 5 ) A f us e .<br />
;'111e n e ve r t h a t f us e tiva s u s e d ,<br />
i t wa s c omb i n e d<br />
wi t h d i s t a n c e t u b e s t c t h e p o i n t s o f w} : i c •! t h e d za ph r a ; c on t a c ts<br />
o f t i-,e ( 5 5 ) .<br />
ye r e s c r e we d .<br />
,<br />
t i n d i s k a t t a ch e d t o t h e _ o i n t o f t lte X E dr as s Lr u t s<br />
Fr o duc e d ea r l y i n i t ? o ti .vl!e n t h e b ot b i i i t wa t e r or s n o w s ur f a c e s .<br />
I f t h e b o!ab s Rre r e s u s p en d e d i n s i d e t l E a i r c r a f t ,<br />
t h e Ge r ma n s<br />
rr e f er re d t o u se th e ( 5 )A f us e if th e e r oun d a bo ve th e tar et<br />
wa s c o v e r e d cvi t h s n o w a n d f r a -: ac, n t ,r t i o n e f £ e c t s : i t h ! u l t i p l e -<br />
p u r .<br />
o s e a n c n i l i - e x p l o s i v e b a ^t t , we r e wa n t e d .<br />
Th e e .<br />
Ef e c t o f<br />
t b e s ma l l e r f r a s me n t a t i o n t ; o cn b s u ra s r e a t l y r e d u c e d b y s n o w. Gn<br />
t h e o t h e r h a n d ,<br />
t h e S D ? ; 0 Te l l a d t h e e f f e c t e f a f r a ; e n t a t i o n<br />
t o m b - i t h a n<br />
$ -<br />
f o o t f u s e d i s t a n c e t u b e ; i t wa s s u i t a b l e f o r<br />
b e i ilo s u a p e n d e d i n s i d e t h e a i r c r a r t a ? !rl h a d a l o n r•a n o e e v e n<br />
w; !e i! t h e s n o , a wa s h i h .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 5 -<br />
7 .<br />
I nc Eiidi ar v Bombs<br />
I zr a r d e r t o b e bi e t o e va :i u a t e t h e l os s i b l e e f ?e c t o f<br />
t h e va r i ou s t y p e s o f i i.c e a d i a r y b omb s , o n e uiu b t f i r s t an o rv t Le i r<br />
d e s i b n a r d t h e t ar e t t h a t i s t o b e a t t a c ;e d .<br />
Th e a;en et r a t i otr<br />
o f t h e i i;c er _<br />
i ar y bo r b mu s t co r r es p o n d t o t h e c ov e r o f t h s t a r e t .<br />
Th e d i s t r i b u t i on o f t h e b o ib s a b o v e t h e t a r c t rus t b e b r ou ; h t i n<br />
l i n e wi t h t h t yx e ar. d . ; , i z e o f t n e f i r e p r o t e c t i on s e c t or s .<br />
Th e<br />
_ s p e e d ri t h zv' i .<br />
c i t h e f .<br />
r e ,<br />
i l l s p r ea d ,<br />
t h e r a t i o o f i n c en d i a r i e s<br />
e . u i p p c d wi t h s e l f - d e s t r oy i uo :i e v i c e a , xn d t h e n urab er o f h i h -<br />
e x p l o5 i ve b ordb s ws t h i :np a c t a n d l o no - d e l a f u e s ri i c h , vi l l b e<br />
dr op r ed s i mu l t a n e ou s l y wi l l a l l 1 t o e t izer h a v e t o pr o v e<br />
or e e f f e c t i v e t h an t h e en e:ny ' s f i r e r e v e : t i o n urea s u r e s o r e l s e<br />
the attack<br />
nill not be successful .<br />
Of special iurportance is the<br />
i<br />
c en s i t y o f f i r e s o t h a t s u f f i c i en t c s t r uc t i on wi l l b e a c hi e ve d .<br />
Ot h er de t a i l s t h a t a r e of t a c t i c a l a n d t e c i n i c a l s i n i f i c a n c e<br />
i n e rṛp l oy i n i n c en d i a r i es a r e t h e t a r ; c t f e a s i b i l i t i e s ,<br />
t l e<br />
u s e<br />
o f h i ;<br />
h - or l a lv - a l t i t u d e a t t 3 clis ,<br />
t h n p e n e t r a t i o r , n 1 i n c e n d i a r y<br />
qualitics .<br />
Gi; mus t dz s t i n ; u i s l b e t we en t l e el e c t r u n i n c e a d i a r y b ornbs<br />
we i . ; h .<br />
ng _'r on 2 .<br />
2 t o + .<br />
4 l b s ,<br />
t h e s o - c l l e d Uc a t t er b otnb s Sr a n d +<br />
a n d Br•a n d 10 ,<br />
t h e i n t en s i v e i n c e u d i a r y b o: b ;; Br a n d C j 0 a r. d<br />
Br rl d C 25 0 ,<br />
t i e f l a ne b oinb s Ml ara C c j 0 a n d Fl arrr C 5 00 ,<br />
t h e<br />
c cr~: b i n a t i o n i n c e n di a r y - d emol i t i o n b o b we i ; h i r . o 1 19 l b s , a n d t h e<br />
s c a t t er b o ri b we i ; h i n ;; 1 10 0 l b s .<br />
Th e us e o f Er a i.d C j 0 an d Rr a nd C 2 5 0 b or : f s ma : . e s i t po s i b l e<br />
t o p e r f o r :a a i ne d s i n„ l e - b omr d r a p s f r ot:: : i gh a l t i t u d e s a a i ns t<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 5<br />
-<br />
f o i n t t a r e t s , ṿ i .<br />
t h l a r e f i r e pr o t e c t i c ii s e c t or s .<br />
Th e s e b o rnb s ,<br />
c a n ,<br />
h a : e v er , a l s o b e dr o p p e d f r o a l ow l .<br />
e ve l s ; t h e n t i e y wi l l<br />
p en et r a t e r o o f s o f Lous e s a n d r el .<br />
t i vel y • vea k c i r c ur f e r en t i a l<br />
a n d i n t e r r e c i a t e rra l l s ,<br />
i f t r _e y a r e e c;v i j e d rr i t i de l a y e c i - a c t i on<br />
fuses .<br />
TḺe s . a l l i n c en di a r i es +•re i ? i n 2 .<br />
2 t o 2 ? 1Ls a r e mos t<br />
e f e c t i v e a ;a i n s t t a r ; e t s :uh o s e f i r e pr ot e c t i on i s t i n u t e l y<br />
s ubdi v i de d ; t h e y ar e dr a :p e d f r o m c o n t a i n er s wh n s e s i es vo .<br />
r y<br />
u x t o 2 ,<br />
200 l b s .<br />
Co n t a i n e r s f i l l e i vri ',h Nl e c cr on i n c en di ar i es<br />
r . a n h e us e d on l y f r o u h i i a l L l t tit ie ti , s i n c e t liEs e b o iab s t >` e<br />
n or e t i ae t a r t s t a b i l i z e d a i t er t ey I ea v e t l e c on t a i n er .<br />
Sc a t t e r b o r, b s c a r:<br />
b dr o p e d f r oc;: a s l o :•r a n l t i t u d :: a s j j 0 f e e t ,<br />
i f t h e COIlt 3 1n I' i s s e t f or 1 .<br />
? s e c oii _<br />
ls oj _<br />
l ::r i n t i r . e tri t h a<br />
( 9 )<br />
t i me f u s e .<br />
Ii o • ve v er , un d e r s u ch c v : di t i a r_s t h e b o mU; :ui l l i a ve<br />
n o p e n e t r a t i v e powe r b e y on d _ i . e r c i n o ; l a s s or c 3r db oa r d r oo f s .<br />
Th e c omt i n , t i o n i n c en di a r y - d e o l i t i o ai l o t; b C j 0 c a r b c b e s t u s e d<br />
f or l o . - l e v el a t t a c ks ot i r d u s i:r i a l a f i l i t i e s .<br />
T e f l .<br />
a me b oa bs h a ve o r ea t e f f ec t o Y:e iao r a l o f t •oo Fs<br />
,n , a r c}si r _<br />
; i n c o l urcin s .<br />
Dr o p e d f r o a di v e - or l o ; r- l c-ve l a t t a c > ~ ,<br />
their burnin contents i11 peretrate crack and aps in f ortifi e d<br />
p o s i t i on s , a r : ,<br />
c r e a t E s u r f a c e f i r e i n s u j pl y i rls t a l l t i on s ,<br />
l i ; iit -<br />
i i d us t r y p l a iL t s , F- t c .<br />
B 1 E t r, Lr a n ci 4 1- r o d u c e on l y i zi _<br />
t i a l f i r e s<br />
a t o n e s i n l e l e v e l , :zo s ; ,<br />
l i n ct t i c s , rh e r p s Lr _ n d l : r ea ds<br />
i t s c oilt n t s f r o:a t r e t t i c o t te l o ,vc r i l o o r s .<br />
Th i s i .<br />
s e v e n r or e<br />
s o i n t h e c a e o f i n t ens i v e i :zc e n d i a r y b o b ;; .<br />
Th e e r , i, l o y _icn t o f<br />
Br a n d C ? 0 b ocu L s a a i ṛ ls t c i t y d i s t r i c t ;; r::a y Le c o , s i d e r e d a s<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ ; _ .<br />
. .. ,. . t : ? :' I ;i 1 C: _<br />
i ' "J ' C _ .<br />
1<br />
. L i E _ ' l<br />
.<br />
f: ; ṭ !c7 i l<br />
_ Ll i :i i l .<br />
1= C O ':<br />
. . : 1 : . t I' L'C O ' ; _ j r .<br />
c . , • .. ' i<br />
._ . .<br />
1 y i<br />
f l Y1<br />
i<br />
.<br />
'<br />
r l , 1 . .<br />
1 . 1 : 7 U . 1 LI E. i .<br />
ti l<br />
- . . +: : . . : t ' t;<br />
. . .<br />
)<br />
.<br />
'<br />
`<br />
' 1 .<br />
' v -<br />
1 .•<br />
y ' f '- ]<br />
. ! 1 1 U : 1<br />
.<br />
9 1<br />
. .. .<br />
l .<br />
j Q •<br />
n ; L' = t . : .<br />
1: i L J _<br />
1' C .<br />
' l: ct 1: 1 1 ' l : : f , _. i:' . .,. _. ' : 11 %Ll l i [ ! O i JE. ' %i t t l C _<br />
: C C !<br />
' l t l 1 t •<br />
O U :a :ṭ 21y i T' a " II. c :i t ;: l U ii ' " t ,O L. F :, Z !::U 1 t ; ? 1: : '7 .<br />
1 : :: Jr ;J 1 .<br />
; i 1 l :i C i 1l C1<br />
.<br />
1 =13' 1 E : ,<br />
:<br />
l ; F •C , : .<br />
i .<br />
: :. ;<br />
., ; : F' f UT' 'aUl' CI ' (; a . C' f<br />
.<br />
_r C ,<br />
; 1 .<br />
' ' "' J CO :<br />
. i' : 1 :!`; E; 11 t :L= .<br />
? •<br />
2Z 1 C 1 17„ S<br />
c : . Lt : .<br />
; i l :z:al: r ị i ] t h :, s ; r a d o f i i<br />
f i .<br />
r e .<br />
r-t l E: i, i i l: i :<br />
y 1 f2 L+ i +:: S :: ij<br />
1 ' . 1'11 .<br />
:i C •! .<br />
' C: r .<br />
r: 'I j C : : 7 .<br />
?.. J ' O lil t :i : . .<br />
? .<br />
} :<br />
•<br />
1-l v 11 e 1 .<br />
f 1.<br />
. 6 5 i<br />
. C' e c 0 1! u n e i7 El e C l i : , r<br />
r<br />
_<br />
' r_ 1• +; o i u l r : . P ` L r7 ;:1 i )• C f r: ' : - L _<br />
,; r T t . e Er s o . : . e l t o t _ t c av L. : ; t .. .. o .. I• _. ' e d r ; '' s t r ;;:;la ? : i ! '<br />
J<br />
'u<br />
C: G O . . . .<br />
_ a 1C: ' s<br />
•<br />
.<br />
'! = • -<br />
. ' ' ll<br />
. _<br />
-<br />
, O f , :i - `<br />
,. -<br />
.<br />
~<br />
r . v _ . '<br />
+<br />
h f ! , _ - -<br />
. ; . . V 1 C 1 - i . __ L ! 7 . _ : - B :i y (3 ;; 1 l f ' . .<br />
1<br />
I<br />
.<br />
!!<br />
L v : : r. i . ; r : •: ; '<br />
J l t : , e : .<br />
: i ,_l<br />
_ :; .. r i t a 1 . : }: _<br />
- u .. _ a J ? _. . : ( ? 7 )<br />
e t<br />
i' o r c ii .<br />
: i l ..<br />
l f t o o r e ! i c u _ , lu u l ..<br />
i _ ; i r o t l !r d : : r<br />
t i . e f i .<br />
r ;; t :. ; , ; ..<br />
• ,<br />
_<br />
', ,, n " n _ , . Y E : '_ 4 • ,• i . , . l<br />
r - ,. , i. :; . i<br />
1<br />
i<br />
.y =1 Y D<br />
t i ,<br />
.<br />
. . . ,. , t , ... . i , 't ?L1 1 8<br />
. 1 C 1 l<br />
._ . : > _ , , . : ., .. : c . :<br />
. _<br />
E'<br />
- .<br />
_<br />
L Fl<br />
l : t sa v ; t 'i e y w i l l ;::c r v t o i : ,<br />
f l i c t 1 _ , ṭ; c'n :<br />
. . i r d e f i .<br />
=e<br />
1: ;: i r E ! . .•- i a : e I e r<br />
. :i l a f t c i' h , t a c . - r r _<br />
L: e r n , t o i:r .<br />
: 4•e i: t;<br />
- .<br />
t i : E:: ...<br />
f : ' O !i e _<br />
: t i r .<br />
u i S 1 11 31 .<br />
1 : : i 1 T' 3 0 t : i c t t t ' . ,,<br />
a .<br />
; ; i l ?il (; C = ,<br />
1 c; r O Es i l i C<br />
; L" ' O ?" 1: "<br />
1 O11t> .<br />
-u t t .<br />
l s a ;: • c E f e- _<br />
l us i ve 1:c .. : 'cr s ao '. .l r ? .. o t i l . a 11y ' . a r .<br />
: ':r i c t<br />
i l ! ! L! ! : ! L : C) F i r! r ' I1 d l i ' J O :<br />
; ' i:,<br />
t l ". ,,<br />
a l ' l; :1 t t; C G O a C .<br />
l ': 'J ; 1:<br />
f<br />
1 C Z ! ' !i t<br />
i r :.<br />
e F t' e c t .<br />
Ti .<br />
e r xt l. c o = e x i ṛ l i ,re .• o .: t , , : .. i . l l i : _ ; rl ;; = _c r_ d i ._. z• T<br />
t t :; , E : : , •1>; n d r c : t .<br />
• _<br />
, 'o t: t ' . ] r . a ra l :' r c: f . ._ .<br />
•a ? i • tir:L i . a C? e .<br />
. C 1 . • i - i .<br />
l ,<br />
C<br />
: ; r ( 1! Y<br />
_<br />
. . , .<br />
c 1<br />
'' ; 1 c i • :; '<br />
.<br />
,.<br />
c; i v i ' r l _ 0 1 ] ':1 _<br />
l , : r u . l c -<br />
r<br />
. : i•( ' _ .<br />
f<br />
_. .. c . l l E 1 !<br />
. i t •<br />
m l ; C ' : l t e r 1 c C 3 G _<br />
t i : ' v a 2' :L C+Lt .<br />
: @<br />
. E C; t T' Ci 1E _<br />
: : C I: C' ? .<br />
'd l" L n ! .<br />
: ' 1 °<br />
: .<br />
N ' °<br />
.<br />
=1t:!e<br />
U I'<br />
.., _<br />
r J' : :. : 1 `.<br />
C t 1": .<br />
: , 1 : '<br />
. .<br />
; c : > a 1 _<br />
- i 11G !:<br />
_<br />
; _<br />
i n " O :i a ; . , _ , t] C: _ l . 1i1<br />
a 1 1 o ' > f ' i : U ::: i ` !' ! i :3 _ .. . . :,: v r= r<br />
,<br />
. ? _<br />
1 1" ° _<br />
! F'<br />
,<br />
: 1 1 1 C i : : P _ _ _. ._ t'1 _. ' .<br />
,<br />
+<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
J<br />
-<br />
a '-: l i „ C J .<br />
' 1 : .<br />
! 1 1) ( ' l, . ' J 11 ṭ •A . . ' i : . - - .<br />
i: 1 ? • l<br />
- ' . ' . . , . ,<br />
_. _ ' a ]<br />
, . .<br />
i .<br />
i f ' r I .<br />
1 L t<br />
.<br />
! ! : .<br />
1 . - .L V : 1 : li I • .<br />
i<br />
. J t ti i ' r : ." ' C : _ . . .. ._ . ._. ( -<br />
f<br />
. r i l '_ t l:<br />
r C l l F r e<br />
, . rj :j 4 - , . , i • ' V ; J ' -<br />
l 2 Il<br />
. 1 i - • r .<br />
t ` ` F f l ' . e C : - J i r .<br />
. , , ; .<br />
,<br />
t . , : ,<br />
: : 1 ;<br />
.,..<br />
i r i r: e t<br />
_i .<br />
c- o , e z i .<br />
:<br />
. _. _<br />
i'? 1e f l : l .<br />
Ḷap o f , ' : c . . -• ; 1<br />
J `<br />
" 1 .<br />
-<br />
L ; : ,_ .<br />
, = ;, o :: ;. d e o f e l .•c:t r a :<br />
a i : : C •<br />
: , i° .<br />
1 ; ; 3 .<br />
Lr 1<br />
;<br />
.<br />
; f ! t ' 1 .<br />
ri l F • - =<br />
i<br />
f C t 1 : ' (: t F l<br />
T`•i<br />
1 :` r_ ?<br />
_<br />
. , :, c G il ; : r . .<br />
c: VJ I : r,' i ( i c<br />
O f `= "i<br />
.<br />
' r<br />
:<br />
i<br />
., C ' .<br />
I<br />
"1<br />
i :<br />
' ' i C (:' L E (l<br />
f t i ; _ ...<br />
i: C .<br />
: 't i C ' ,<br />
T<br />
( :' j<br />
I<br />
i. i ^ i x 2 ' a C i :'J • t : 1<br />
n :<
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ129 8<br />
,. _ , _<br />
r ;<br />
-. _ :i ; i 7 ..;;<br />
. ' i :•c c r _ ,,<br />
.: a e ti .<br />
T ' .<br />
G•f<br />
. ve r e c , : : o f e ' `: i :: ; f<br />
_ r e<br />
f : o<br />
c ' - t n , .<br />
c<br />
1 F s _<br />
i r: f i ::. :: r :: l l e t<br />
„ r _ ' t s .<br />
"' '<br />
.<br />
- :• T• e c i , a - , ..<br />
, t o t t :• F•s s<br />
. ; e<br />
t ? .<br />
t ' .<br />
C t 1 a U 1 C i ; r C ';;' 1 !1 = <<br />
Z O1. ;J GC:<br />
. 1 . i;!: ; . l E _ „ : C?- i;! C t 1 .<br />
C" - -<br />
;1C C3 ' :) 0 f :l 2 f i' Gl;i<br />
, - •<br />
. L 0 +1 : ' ;; (: :! :L; ':' C' l l __ _....<br />
l : '! : 1 : ' _ ' } • • _ •<br />
, . ; i . 1 C: : :u<br />
.<br />
: .<br />
!<br />
2 1- U 1 .<br />
_i 3 t " J ,<br />
C ! : 5 11I' T ' .<br />
I1u<br />
: ' .<br />
le : . z• c h !' c e r i t o ; : : t a r e t r , _,<br />
r`: ạ=!: .. , • ?7t T;i: e l o wer f l o o r<br />
1 11 .<br />
; .<br />
U l t 1 r Z C- f l or ' _ l l : 1 1 71 OI' i f ? t' ! Ll ' 1 : N3 C? ° O: t e' - : .<br />
1' l ; Yl i -. ? G 1 : '. C<br />
., .<br />
H 1' _<br />
f l l' C :<br />
„ C V ? : a a i : ' . i : ;'J 12 C . ..<br />
'' f ;<br />
1 iu l _ u 7 O 1 O _ j t C ' X<br />
. _ .<br />
l ; ! _ - , k) 1 11 T' ll ._ - LL p - t ' Ll 1 • .- ' 7 1 ' T . -- - ' .- ' _ 1 i[, ,- j -,i - ?<br />
_<br />
r rr ' - i > > _<br />
, _1 i c > o f t i c c ' :• : :• ,<br />
; ; . , , e : . . we ! : .<br />
i r - ? ! ><br />
:7 ; . : i ; , l i ,`, . . Q I :<br />
_<br />
: : 7 : S :a 1s E i : = i .<br />
cd! 1 ' - _ :<br />
.<br />
l E<br />
0 1 ..<br />
"; 'O: : t a t _ : 1 _<br />
i ; r : I' ; L' - _<br />
= .<br />
:: i : c l l :: ! V ; .<br />
:Ti C j 1 ; . 1 . _+ . r'; > 1 0 _<br />
:i [ . 5 N l t L ' i<br />
i • i . e<br />
u 1 i E T E i ++ .<br />
: k:<br />
t<br />
._.<br />
t ' i . . - ' - C% i 'Z' _ O r tl C G •n _ l , t > l _ ' i . C;!'! 'r _ i 1 t LUC1 !J , _ ti r 1 T' _<br />
' .<br />
'1 V<br />
1 ` u<br />
; t t a c ]!Ed .<br />
" 1i l i - } ur ; r: ṯ i . . : .. c ` f u ..<br />
( ? j ) _ .. .r i_l a c c d a t : ' .<br />
:e<br />
; , t ( ?. r O f f ,<br />
i . 7 ' l : a e = .<br />
-<br />
.. J 12 t i 1: , ; I ' O i _ 1 . ' Ll i C l i i ; V -<br />
: l<br />
l c l ' :<br />
t : = ṫ :;1 -<br />
r,o no c r -<br />
;u e c o ;i ' r o l : 'e c !: ,: i : 'r: ,. . e l e i .<br />
I T : r • .<br />
i e r t u j,e r_e t r ± e<br />
Ui :e ị i r o f !i d : t i • t B e o r ;:o f l o e'= ' r a b u :i ' .<br />
a i :: ,<br />
: l !e L o !:! b<br />
;°ra r i n f o r ; . . ; u ' -, :, .<br />
c i i c o<br />
.<br />
1 ± F• t ;' i .<br />
t _<br />
P T•; :i !. ; :: r t .<br />
T' l e > Ju r ! i !r<br />
,<br />
c o :: ± r. o f l ; ' :e l o : h ;le r e , _<br />
i s t • i b : t e d :+. 1 - c • .<br />
:r c ! E . o o r : , a n<br />
C t ! : r o ? j r C t S :i t t : l r _ . I _ ::!t. U f i . l : C N ' :i ; 1 f :: 1 0 I 1 ' t . `. ' . : : G I ' : ,<br />
i . _ .<br />
L' ::1S c' .<br />
Z<br />
. V : :<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
62 -<br />
t o t l_e ve r t i c a l o u t el s ur f a c e s o f s a cn o b j e c t s , a n d s e t t ; em<br />
on f i r e .<br />
Tr i s v a s t l e<br />
. a i n di f f er e rlc e b e t w;; en t h e e f f e c t pr o -<br />
d u c e d b y t h . :s e bomb s a n c i t :a t o f e l e c t r on i n c e n d i a r i es .<br />
Th e Br a n d b c mb c oiit a i n e d i n c e n ci i a r y ;ua t e r i = .<br />
l s s u c h a s<br />
n a ph t a l e n e atid a t h e r c ạr k oh y dr t es , a d ; ia ;,<br />
r . : . '1 d<br />
g z t Ḻy t r e r tu 3 t t .<br />
iot te ve z• ,<br />
t lii s b o nb a l s o c a me : ri t h c a a i u rn f i l l er s t h a t Țver e n o t<br />
e x t i n ;u i s h a bl e az ;va t er or •ṿ i t h c h i o r .<br />
a t e f .<br />
l l e r s t h s t r o d u c e d<br />
•<br />
on e or t wo l or s t r ea zns o f f i r e id :no ve 3 a r ou n d t h e t a r e t a r e a<br />
hr or e l l e d by ;je t r .<br />
e c t i or: .<br />
T'n e f i r e b r i a d e j. r s or,n el we r e t v<br />
b e s c a r e d a rva y f r om t h e i r t a s K b y t h e Gu l t i p l i c i t y o f t s e<br />
i n c e n di a r y ph en o z e na .<br />
Th e f l ali- e b o izzbs , vez•e f i l l ed wi t h l i ;h t oi l s ; t h e t a nh s - i n<br />
wa s t hi n a n d s l :a e d l i ce l ị h - e x j l o; i v e c_ h s t }!a t rrer e e qu i Fl e d<br />
wi t h s e n s i t i v e i r p a c i; f u s es , ei t u e r t Lc ( ? d )<br />
o r i lo r e r e c e n t l y<br />
t h e<br />
( , 5 ) A .<br />
U,- or,<br />
i<br />
r :z I a c t t i :e Y p r o duc e d f l a s h - f _ r e t - - e b a l l o f<br />
,<br />
'<br />
X s i r e ri t h a d i >n e t e r o f 1 0 t o l b i n clie a , :rh i cl : a i s i n t e r a t ed<br />
wi t h i n a f e w s e c on d s .<br />
On e o f t ie h e c u l i _ r i t i e s o f t : e t a: b<br />
,va s<br />
i t c a pa b i l i t y a f , en e t r a t i ng b e t ;ve e n s t a c? • :; ; o f ::L t e r i a l 3n d i n t a<br />
c r a ck s o f rnot- i l e t ur r e t s a n d o f c o t i i:u i :1 t o b ur n t : :er e ; t h i s<br />
r e s u l t ;va s :jr o d u c e d b; , * t h e f l u i d i t y of i t s ? i :ju i .<br />
3 c o r t en t s .<br />
Fo r<br />
this reasor _<br />
tn e fla:e L osbs were used a ainst such sPecialized<br />
t a ' ; e t s :i n a d d i t i on t o b e i n ; e p l oy e d : s a n t i e r s on e l bomL s .<br />
' .<br />
I'Y e c n ut b : i 3 t i o n i n c e iz d i a r y - : zo l i Li o n -n t , b C 0 wa s c r e a t e iz<br />
t o r o d u c e b l a z e s d u r i n „ .<br />
o r; - l e v e l a t t a c k s o n i n d u e t r i a l r l a n t s<br />
;vh e z- r v e r :<br />
e om u i n :; t i o i c f o o d f i r e e f f e c t :•r z i i ::-e d z u u e x l o s i v e<br />
r e s u l t s wa s t o t_e a c i i t v e ci .<br />
T e , e t o >>. a we r e a l s o u s e d w h e n r e a t e r<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
I<br />
-<br />
03 -<br />
I<br />
resistance to stress appeared neCE sary tlZa<br />
that inh erent in<br />
intensive incendiary bombs . S prbrd C C Bs e Lr,a d e of g ce<br />
SC 5 0 c e r es , wl : o s c f r on t s e c t i o n u p t o t h e f u s e Lox wa s<br />
f i l l e d tvi t h 1 3 .<br />
2 l b c o f ex pl o s i v e s .<br />
Beh i n d t h a t i r .<br />
t h e b o , ị b<br />
c on e a;er e a b ou t j J e l e c t r o n i iic en d i a r e s wei ; h i r a b ou t on s p o un d e a ch ,<br />
wh i c't, h a d b oo s t er c ha r ;; es .<br />
U - c n i :r. p a c t t h e s e vrou l d b e i g ni t cd<br />
wi t }i a v e ^y s h or t d el a y a n d ex i e l l e d r ea r wa r d .<br />
Th e f or wa r d<br />
s e c t i o r. o f t h e b o ub wou l d c on t i r:u e i t s i Ar .<br />
e t r a t l Orl o f t h e<br />
t a r ; ; e t a ii d ị e t on a t e a f t e r t h r e e s e c ond s , wh i l e t :n e f i r e woul d<br />
b e f a nn e d by a i r c u r r e rzt s s e t h a t i t c ou l rl pr e a d .<br />
Sca ttFr bornb StreuLrand C 500 was creat e d to roduce area fi res .<br />
For this purF:ose about 1 ,<br />
Z00 celluloid boxes enclosin ; l . ounces .<br />
o f h a r d i n f l a runa bl es c o . s i s t i ir ; o f p a r a f f i n a r .<br />
d wGa d S n a Vi n ;; 6 wer e<br />
•<br />
, u t i r s i de t } e Uomt<br />
.<br />
Ph os ph o r us t a b l e t s t r _ t Lvc: r e i u e d on we r e<br />
u s e d a s p r i u:e r s .<br />
Tị: e b o,{e s wer e s t o e cl i n t l e b o:nb i n a c o l d -<br />
f r o o f r i :t u r e o f ra t er a n d ; a s o l i n e .<br />
Tll e Uo:nb wa s op e n e d b y a<br />
time fuse at abou t 3 ,<br />
300 to , 6 00 feet altitude , and the in -<br />
f l a ulraa b l e b o x e s i n i t e d a c cor d i n t o t emp e r a t ur e a n d as ol i n e<br />
cont en ts after a delay of several hours .<br />
4 .<br />
Ch emi c a l S , cno k e Fl , a s h , a n d Pl a r e Bo„ib s ,<br />
i r - S e a Re s c ue S i ; na l s<br />
- -<br />
a .<br />
Cl , emi c a l B o nb s .<br />
( To t a l re i Uiit va r ji n f r o m 2 6 4 t o 3 5 ? l b s ,<br />
d c-p en d i no on t h e i r c o n t e n t s ) .<br />
Th es e b oznb s tve r e L i o du c e d ex c l u s i v e l y<br />
i n 5 0 -<br />
l b s s x p l o s i ve - h o a b ca s e s ma d e o f 1 - rum s t e el Pl a t e .<br />
Th e i r<br />
t a c t i ca l e:a l l o y e n t 4va s i n d i ca t e ct u y c o l or e d r i n s a r ou n d t h e f o i n t<br />
e ° t h e b o tnb a Td i t s c e t t e r s t r i p a s f ol l ows :<br />
.<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958<br />
- +-<br />
whi t e - - - . r r i t an t e f f e c t ,<br />
f o r i ns t a nc c• , vi t h c la or a c e t o ph enon ;<br />
r e e n - - -<br />
i :nrne di a t e po i s e no us e f f e c t ,<br />
f or i ns t anc e w i t h pr , o s € en e<br />
or<br />
trilone; an d<br />
y e l l o r - - - l a s t i n e f F e c t ,<br />
f or i ns t a nc e Lai t;h n; s t a r d ;3s .<br />
The exa mpl e f or Ger n;a ii de s i : a t i ons on c h erai ca l bo :nbs ou l d r ea d<br />
a s f a l l o ws : KC 2 5 0 w , ;; r or C ( ti r hi t e , o r e e r: o r y el l o w ) ; Ro aa n<br />
nume r a l s a f t e r t l: e c a l i be r : i ; ; ur e s , 1ou l d de r . a t e i nc r e a s ed e f f e c t i v e -<br />
ness in cocnparison to oZder types ,<br />
jus t as two colored circl es wou ld .<br />
A ;reen and a yellotiv rinb euould indicate vapor effect .<br />
The word "Typ"<br />
Lte a n t ch a t t h e r e s j e c t i v e b omb Ya s r e b i s t a nt t o t r o p i ca l cl i ina t e s .<br />
To raake normal viscous mustard as effective ,<br />
it was sufficient<br />
to use the ordinary<br />
electrical fuse attached to th e s ides and to<br />
set them<br />
for nondelay operation .<br />
Sensitive iepact fuses were ernployed<br />
f or i :nrn e di a t e e f f e c t , us ua l l y Iio .<br />
( 2 u ) or ( 5 ) 4 .<br />
To di s t r i but e<br />
c orni r e i s e d mus t a r d or ot h e r i r r i t a nt ;; o v er t he t e r r a i n ,<br />
t h e bo mbs<br />
f i l l e d wi t h t h e s e as s e s rer e e qui L<br />
o, e ; :vi w e l e c t r i ca l t i me f us e s<br />
(a) tiiat could be set a bove th e tar et X f or any<br />
i .<br />
ve ri l e v el o f e x pl o s i .<br />
o n , a t a p :r cx i _na t el f l ,<br />
b5 0 t o j ,<br />
j 0 0 f e e t .<br />
b .<br />
S! .<br />
ok e Eombs .<br />
Th e hC 50 c oul d s e r v e Lo t h f or ca mo uf l a o i n ,<br />
on e ' s oi• n<br />
f or c e s and f or o bs c ur i n; eii e ny vi s i on i n s uppor t o f t h e ; ; r o und<br />
f or c e a .<br />
Ti e bomb r . a d t h e s a r e s i z e a s a SC 5 0 a nd v,a s r e c o n i z a bl e<br />
by a •rhi t e po i nt and f o ur s t r i pe s a l on;; i t s c on e .<br />
Upon i rapac t o n t h e<br />
b r oun d i t pr o duc e d whi t e f o ; va r y i r:<br />
i n ?:e i _; ' t f -o a<br />
r 1:. 1 ? f e e i .<br />
an d in width<br />
from 3j to 66 feet durin a vapcri ation time of<br />
20 iainutes ,<br />
dependin ; on the weath er conditions. T o pr event deep<br />
penetration , a brake v ane was installed behind the con trol mech anism .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ _ . 5 _<br />
TY ie I IC ; U ' . ' "i n t h e r'Cr' : lo d e l ? _ , o.a: ;-e l l o ,v _o i n t<br />
•: n d f ou r e l l o r<br />
s t r i p e s .<br />
I t :vz s us , e d f o r r e s e u i n ;; c r e ws t - ;: . : zc i b e t n s 1 1l p ti;r e c l _e d ,<br />
_n d s tva n v e t t i c : l l y i n Lh ° . ra t c r ,<br />
d e ve l o : i cl`; y e l l o w ;: , ::o .<br />
e a t t en -<br />
r^ r ut i r t e r v l s .<br />
r' '?t 1 % r 7 ti' ' 16 : Ll 1 t a C 1 f Or Cp r a : :L0 1] S s , ,<br />
-i 115 1 : ; Y' o Ull (<br />
. n C i : .<br />
t (?r<br />
t i T' C'<br />
.. ,<br />
:'J l t } : 1'i Cer' ::id l "Jf: .<br />
:. t : h t ' r C 0 1 d 1 GT1 , _ .`% , 1<br />
. : j ?' C? Q l1C e<br />
._. 2' , 1 G' S Cḷ Ol e<br />
Cl OLi G Ll h Ot] l : a .<br />
a c t<br />
, :•; l i i c i l ro u l C OV ? 1' :3 r 'i T' ; N<br />
_ OI' a e VPI ' a l I:! i :1l1 t E' S .<br />
' a r<br />
c Fl . a :-1 "1 a V a F I _i i •e E o •.. a Th . e na r a c ' r u t e b o m b LC 5 U F t Y/a t<br />
bu rn ed for at l eas t 5 m i nu tes serv e d t o li h t a t ar;;e t d ur i ng<br />
d ar kn ess .<br />
In th e "F " m o del it h ad 4 rnagn es ium stck s , wh ereas th e "G "<br />
m o d e l cons i s te d o f on l y on e s i nU l e c h a rg e o f v ery b rea t li g h ti ng<br />
p ower , wh i ch con ta ined not on ly ruagn esium an d n atr i um n itra t e bu t<br />
a l so ca l c i um ox a l a t e i n or d er to pr d uc e mon chr om a ti c li ; h t th a t<br />
•<br />
can m ore easily p en etra te ha ze .<br />
Th e ` L ou b s con s i s t ed o f a<br />
cylindric tube of the same thicluiess as a SC 50 , :vhich was 3 .<br />
6<br />
feet long and had 4 narrow u ide fins welded on for proper<br />
stabilization .<br />
In<br />
the forward part was tile folded paracLute , which<br />
was expelled by a time fuse at about 4 ,<br />
000 to 5 ,<br />
000 feet from th e<br />
groun d .<br />
Upon openin ; ,<br />
the parachute automatically re l eased a<br />
zipp fuse for the flash char e .<br />
Th e rate of descent •was 7 to<br />
1 feet per second .<br />
F lash<br />
F bo mb s we r e u s e d f o r n i g h t Ph o t o - ;; r a } : .<br />
Th t r l C 0 ti°rd s .<br />
r e ! lo d e l l e t SC j 0 .<br />
? t s l i ;<br />
; L t s u f f i c e d t o l . o t u p a n a r e a o f<br />
2 , '<br />
s ; u .<br />
: r e r l i l e s r i t i a l e l s e c p e r i : o F F - . a n d a e r o r a i d<br />
f l l i:! L' .^ E' .'ḷ .<br />
T l c' ?'?OT' e r CE)"1'L" _ O l tt tt n 3 v 5 1. 1 1 3 :: . T' r3i1;; c h 3 r ; e<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
-<br />
66 -<br />
t h a t i o t o r a p ::: c o a d b e t a k en a i a l t i t ude s a s hi g h a s 23 ,<br />
1 00<br />
feet .<br />
Because of the 0 .<br />
3 second duration of the flash ,<br />
how ever ,<br />
so-called cameras had to be used , rhich wound the film at speeds<br />
corresponding to the distances covered above the round .<br />
The ligh t<br />
source eould appear on th e side of th e picture ,<br />
A ir- S ea Rescue Signals<br />
_._ .<br />
The Lux "S" weighed 14 .<br />
3 pounds and<br />
carbide and calcium<br />
containe d 4 lbs of calcium<br />
a i r cr af t<br />
phosphate .<br />
Lux S was tak en aboard i O and<br />
in case of distress at sea ,<br />
it was uncovered b ,<br />
y hand and thrown<br />
into the water .<br />
The filler lit a flare ior about 5 to 6 hours .<br />
Th e major air-sea rescue signal<br />
"Lux N" was a swimming bomb<br />
tbat was released by drop mechanisms .<br />
Th e cherica l contents<br />
of the bom b weighed 11 pounds and created a dense smoke for<br />
l 0 hour s .<br />
' .<br />
Aer nes and Aerial Torpedoes<br />
a i r c r a f t pl a n t na va l mi .<br />
n e s i . n enemy wa t e r s Nhi ch a r e no t<br />
access ibl e to one 's own naval<br />
forces .<br />
This action will directly<br />
affect enemy sea tr affic by sinking ships and indirectly by<br />
forcing the diversion of sea traffic because ;ateways are<br />
blocḳ ed .<br />
But a tactica l success is achieved even if only war<br />
ships ar e confin ed to a certain p l ace so that they cannot assume<br />
the offensive or<br />
that th ey can subsequently b e destroyed by<br />
one's own air and naval forces.<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
i<br />
-<br />
67 -<br />
Th e execution of proper minin; operations from th e air will<br />
epend reatly on the local conditions in the enemy area and<br />
on<br />
one's own strateoic plans , and can therefore be planned only<br />
in conjuncti on w ith<br />
tḻ l e naval operations staff .<br />
The hours of<br />
darkness are particularly suited for m inin operations ,<br />
but<br />
precise na vigation<br />
cvill th en be a prerequisite . O ne ' s own<br />
ships should not be endan ered under any circumstances ,<br />
With<br />
the iṃpor tance that aerial minin operations h ave assuwed<br />
it is necessary that the air force staffs a Q we ll oriented on<br />
th e strate ic and tactical effectiveness of the different types<br />
of mines and their multiple-purpose rerote-control fuse nechanisms .<br />
a ;:: on ; ; t h e e s s er t i s .<br />
l da t a ne e de d co n c er ni ng t he t ar e t t ha t i s t o<br />
b e min ed are its military si nificance ,<br />
the density of traffic ,<br />
local<br />
conditians such as the depth of the water and currents , as<br />
" well as th e status of enemy mine cleariug or anizations .<br />
There<br />
ras a basic difference between the G erman parachute min e "Lli" and<br />
the bomb mine "BM .<br />
" The latter was dropped and aimed like an .<br />
ordinary explosive bomb . The minimum depth of water was 33 feet ,<br />
within which th e mị ne bor :<br />
a turnei because of its hea d shape and<br />
restedat the bottom of the water ,<br />
like the L:i .<br />
The explosive char e<br />
of the LM cons it ed of nitrocellulose 1 8 an d that of the BM of triehlorethyl<br />
ene 105 ,<br />
both of them effective underwater explosive media .<br />
The built - iri remo te-control fuses were e ff ective a ains t larger<br />
to<br />
ships up 200 feet depth of water ,<br />
in ,vhich the 1 540 - 1bs explosive<br />
charbe f ully su ffi eed to sink commercial vessels of about 8 ,<br />
000 tons .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
,_, - -<br />
iio d e r n vra r s u i p s i t h s e v er a l rra t er t i , h t c o :iiha r t :ae n t s c a n b e<br />
s u t l> }y or .<br />
e s i r _ :;l e f l o a t i nti ?i n e on l - i f t- .<br />
!i e f t s e i r 1 r oh er l y<br />
t i e d f or ex pl o di nJ wh en t h e s h i : p a s s e s o v er t h e ' ?l ll e .<br />
r h e v a r i o u s i n i t i o n s ,<br />
y s t e ? s l i s t e d i n T : b l e 9<br />
i x g e t o b e u s e d :<br />
t a o s e d e s i ; n a t e d " , a b " f o r t h e :a r a c l u t e :n i n e s a n d t o s e i d e r. t i f i e d<br />
r y n u -?b e r s a U o v e l 0 U i o r t h e n?- n e b o .:i h s .<br />
1 h e Bi SC wa s a i o o r e d r i n e f o r d c s; t n u t a ; . ,<br />
v 0 0 f e e t ; i t ,va s<br />
e : .<br />
iu i : e d wi t h a c o n t a c t f u s H, b u t i t . e x l c s - v e c h a r e d i d n o t<br />
ex c e ec 1 1 0 l b s .<br />
a er ia l<br />
Gr d i r _<br />
a r y , n<br />
r:i n e b o ?ub s s u c h a s t l-:e S C 2 5 0 vre r e 3 1 s o e q u i i ; , e d<br />
•.ri t h t _ l e r e iiio t e i n i t i o r .<br />
e u i y ?s e n t A1: l U4 a. n d •:re r e d r o . y-e d 'cy<br />
f i h t e r a i r c r a f t u u r i n ; ; e n e L y l a n cl i n .<br />
; o p e r a t i o n s .<br />
I n wa t e r s d o vm<br />
t o a b o u t 5 0 f e e t d e p t h t h e y a c t e d l i lc e e x __l o s i v e b o r b s y.r o v i d e d<br />
a b a u t<br />
' t h e y e r e o v e r r u n r y s h i p s w h o s e t o r n a e e x c e e d e d<br />
. , ; 0 0 o n r, .<br />
'i h e a e r i a l :va t e r b o mb ? 5 0 i s ° a l ., o a n o :: l. e r v e r s i o n o f t h e S C 2 5 0 ,<br />
w i t h o u t c o n t r o l :,ie c h a n i s , a n a • . ra s u s c d t c c o :,? c a t s u b ? a r i n e s •+vi t h<br />
t i r e f u s e e Yu i p ?. e n t . 'h e 131I 1 0 0 0 h a d b o t h r e ?ilo t e c o r t r o l i n i t i o n<br />
aer i a l<br />
e qu i p?ne n t a n d a rl a c c el e r a t i on f u s e ,<br />
j u s t l i lce t h : e r<br />
mi n e b omb s .<br />
T f t h e :?i i n e b o ?a b 1 i ' t ;. h c ; r o u n d ,<br />
f o r i ri s t a L c e i n t h e c a s e o f n a r r o r<br />
h a r b o r e n t r a n c e s ,<br />
i t wo u l d e x p l o ci e i ? un e d i a t c l y .<br />
Ae r i a l r or e c io e s<br />
Th e s e v, e r e e s s en t i a l l y E - •c,oa t t or p e c?o es :fi t h a ?. 1 - i n c h d i a ? e t e r<br />
a n d a 1 b .<br />
5 f oo t l en t h .<br />
i'} ie y cre r e s u b s e qu en t l ,<br />
y r e f u r n i s h e d f or u s e<br />
by aircra it drops from altitudea up to 30 feet by<br />
the addition o f<br />
s e c i a l :; t a bi l i i n ; f i n s a n d a r va r,e s .<br />
'l a e 7 ti rer e h o , e v er ov e r n e d<br />
b y c e r t a i n s e e d l i si t s .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
69 -<br />
Aerial terpedoes have proved particularly effective in<br />
c ombi na t i c n wi t h bombi no a t t a c ks o n ma j or wa r s :zi ps Y E3<br />
since th ey<br />
were capable of producin ; quick sink in s .<br />
For attacks<br />
on<br />
smaller warsh ips and comm ercia l vessels it proved su fficient<br />
to commit either torpedo or boabin aircraft .<br />
Th e e x pl o s i v e c ha r e o f t he LT 5 : e i f , he d +4 0 l bs an d c ons i s t e d<br />
o f ni t r oc e l l ul o s e 3 b ; a t f i r s t i ni t i on o c c ur r e d u p on i !np a c t on<br />
• the side of the vessel . emo e-control fuses of the the ma netic<br />
type -- di stance pistol s -- were bein ;<br />
devPloped .<br />
The LT 350 rras an Italian cyclic torpedo ( "Motoboniba") w hich<br />
wa s dr o pr e d by pa r a chut e uFon _ a s s e mbl i e s o f c o::uae r c i a l v e s s e l s<br />
l o ca t ed a t doc lcs i de s or a nch or i n; i n a b a y .<br />
Upon h i t t i n t he ua t e r<br />
the parachute tvould separate from the torpedo and the l a tter would<br />
start its course ,<br />
describin -; ever lar e circles or<br />
followin a<br />
pr e v i ous ?y s e t c ur v e pa t t er n di r e c t l y be l o• R t Y:e vla t er s ur f a c e un t i l<br />
i t e x pl o de d e i t l°:e r uFon i mpa c t o r a f t e r c o ve r i n ; a l uo s t 10 mi l e s .<br />
10 .<br />
Aerial Uelivery Containers .<br />
ih ese served to dron small - ca lib er<br />
a mmuni t i on ,<br />
i n c l udi n , f r a ;cne n t 3 t i on an d i n c e ndi a r y bo mb s Re i gll i ng<br />
2 .<br />
2 to 22 lbs ( also SD 15 's ) , b ecause such siall bom bs could not<br />
b e i n ui v i dua l l y s us pe nde d i :: : -i r cr ': .<br />
' '; ; . _3• be i ng i ;ni t e d s i mul t a n eo us l y ,<br />
th ese bombs could be distributed over a certain taroet area .<br />
Th e filled aerial delivery containers were issued to the<br />
field<br />
forces read ,<br />
y for use and could thus be suspended on loops on drop<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
TH IS PA G E D E CLA SSIFIED IAW E Q 129 8<br />
- 70 -<br />
mechanisms ,<br />
just lik e lar ;e-size bombs .<br />
They had a contact similar<br />
to t:e e l ectrica l f uses att ac h ed to the sides of bo b s , which was<br />
c on ne c t e d vri t h a l oa di no pl u .<br />
Th e A i 70 ,<br />
A B 250 , an d A B 500 a er l a l d e li very con t a in er s f o r<br />
sma ll b om bs con s i s ted o f two t in cu ps th a t u ere a ttac h ed t o on e<br />
3no th er b y a h i n e a t th e con tr ol er .<br />
d s o tha t th ey e culd be cl osed<br />
in to a sh ap e cor respon din to tr . a t o f a h i h -explo s i v e b om b . D u r i n<br />
• t h e pr e y a r a t o r y s t a e a t t he l oa di n ; i ns t a l l a t i on t h e s z a l l bombs<br />
Jre r e pa c k ed i n l a y er s i n t he l o ,ṟer c up , •,whe r u pon t he t op cup wa s<br />
closed and bolted .<br />
After crossin the drop distance , u iich depended<br />
on the type of attack l aunc hed ,<br />
the bolt was rer oved ,<br />
the cups catae<br />
apart , aṇ d the contents of the cor _<br />
tainer could drop freely on the tar et .<br />
The AB 1000 cou ld b e opsned in<br />
four distinct phases if the bo:ibs<br />
were to be distributed over a relatively lon ; distance .<br />
i<br />
P • 2ore recent delivery contair:ers had clo ch directional devices<br />
i ns e a d o f c ont r o l :ne ch a n i s us i n or de r t o u: , e up l e s s s pa c e or<br />
offer less resistance to air .<br />
Althou h delivery containers could b e used for any<br />
t ,<br />
ype of<br />
acununition , a standardization of fillers tivas introduced for lo istica l<br />
reasons .<br />
Th e co nposition of these fillers could be seen on Tables<br />
1 and 7 •<br />
Even so every aircra ft , w L ether it was equipped to drop<br />
s ma l l or l ar ; e bor b s , yra s c a pa bl e o f i a t t ac ki n a ny i v e n<br />
t a rg e t - .<br />
i t h e l e c t r on , s c a t t e r , o r f r a raen t a t i on bo Llbs t ha t pr o duc e d<br />
various sizes of fra men ts .<br />
J' n er e a s t he de l i v e r y c ont a i ne r s we r e r ea l l y i .<br />
r, pr o vi s a t i ons<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 71 -<br />
that consisted of the case and the parachute of an ex losive bomb ,<br />
the mixed load container f or 2 ,<br />
200 lbs Jas the standard su;ply conta<br />
i ner used to provide far advanced or cut - off troop elemen ts that<br />
h a d r un ou t o f s up: l i es ri t h t h e ur l; e nt l ,<br />
y ne e de d a : ṇun i t i on , , a s o l i ne ,<br />
r a t i ons , e t c . ,<br />
by a i r l i f t .<br />
`l 'hi s c o nt a i ne r was :aa de o f Sh<br />
a.<br />
e s<br />
t<br />
s t e e l , an d<br />
was eauipped tvitha shock absorber in front and a brak paracḻute in<br />
ba c k .<br />
lh e rl dr o ppe d f r om hi ;h al t i t u de s ,<br />
t hi s s u f p l y c on t a i ne r c oul d<br />
•<br />
be r e l e a s e d wi t h c l o s e d pa r dc hu t e s o t l. a t i t<br />
,roul d dr op c l os e r t o t r e<br />
t a r :<br />
; e t .<br />
A t i ai n ; de v i c e t ha t ha d be e n p r e - s e t • roul d o pe n t h e pa r a -<br />
chute at the desired altitude above tie round .<br />
11 .<br />
G eneral Observations Concernin Boṛib Fuses<br />
F uses serve the purpose of explodin b orabs at<br />
the proper tim e<br />
or to i;nit incendiary and flare 'oombs or to open delivery contaiaers<br />
or other<br />
functions.<br />
•<br />
The basic cate;ories of fuses are distin ui s hed by<br />
the tvay in<br />
which th ey are moun ted at the top , on the side or at the bottom of<br />
the bomb .<br />
Another basic distinctioil is accordir ; ; t o their functionin ;<br />
as impact , nuisance or tine fuses and accordin:; to their comFosition<br />
a s<br />
e l e c t r i c al<br />
, ne c]l a ni ca l o r ch e rai ca l f us e s .<br />
Double fuses have both i :pca t and timin functions<br />
mo n ; t h e i utp c a t f u s e s , a d i s ' t i n c t i o n 73 5 ma d e b e t we e n h i ; ; h l y<br />
s e n s i t i v e f u s e s ,<br />
t h o s e wi t h o r l i t h o u t d e l a y i n ; n e c h a n i s na , a n d<br />
d el a y e d -a c ti on f u s es tr l a t ca: b e us ed a l so fo r l on ; d e l ays .<br />
I n<br />
t i o e f us e s o n e c o ur .<br />
t e d t Y•e t i me f r o m t h e r e l e a s e o i u t .<br />
L o n b -<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- l -<br />
d e l a ỵ a n d o t h e r nui s a nc e f u s e s a r e ?ao re v er i z fc8 i n i t i a t e d<br />
u p on i LiUa c t .<br />
itions<br />
Ch e mi c a<br />
"<br />
s s we r e u s e d o n l<br />
•<br />
y f o r l o n ; - d e l a y f u s e s ; i ,<br />
,;n i t i o n<br />
o ccu rre d upon di s i n te r a ti o.: a f a l ock i n d i s l u a d e o f ce ll u l o id<br />
th a t 1• . a d b een ins er ted b etw een th e iorwa rd i n i tion p in and th e<br />
p r i iue r .<br />
Th e s o l u t i o n u s e d f o r t h i s I: u r p o s e wa s a c e t o n e .<br />
El e c t r i c a l<br />
i , n i t e r s ls u a l l y a r e a c t i v a t e d a c c o r d i i ; ; t a t h e s t a t i c c o n d e n s a t o r<br />
•<br />
d i s c h a r ; E p r i n c i p l e , :rh e r e a s<br />
( 6 6 ) f u s e s o p e r a t e a c c o r d i n ; t o t l: e<br />
dyn a icc i c s h o clt e n e r a t or s ,<br />
y s t er , a n d ( 0 ) f u s e s a r e a c t i va t e d b ,<br />
y<br />
batteraes .<br />
`l h e d el a ,<br />
y i n i rnp a c t f u s e s wa s c a u s e d Ly a ,<br />
r a i n o f po wd e r .<br />
Tti e ( 2 8 ) L' f us e ha d a n a d di t i o na l ae ch a r .<br />
i ca l d e l a y me c ha n i s m a n d<br />
for the case that<br />
th e ( 4) fuse gad an additional fracture fuse the noint of<br />
•<br />
t f le b OGl b Na s d e f or rae d .<br />
Ev er y f u s e •rva s u e s i n a t e d b<br />
,<br />
y a f i u r e<br />
,<br />
within a circle , which .as staMped iato the head of fuses attach ed<br />
on t h e s i d e o f b or. b s .<br />
Tl : e o v e r w h e l mi n ;y ma j o r i t y o f b o b s we r e e q u i p .>e d ri t h e l e c t r i c a l<br />
f u s e s o n t h e s i d e , n h o s e t o F n o i n t e d t o ,ra r d t h e f r o r .<br />
t o f t h e b o mb .<br />
Th e s :: a l l f _ a .<br />
n e n t a t i o . a n d i n c e n d i a r y , b o n b s o s t l y I a d r : e a d f u s e s ,<br />
a n d<br />
except for Brand ,` Brand 10 ṿ hich had (23) fuses attached to th eir<br />
b o t t oms .<br />
Ar raor - pi er c i n , b oc l b s z l s o :a d i u . ; e s a t t Y: e b o t t om.<br />
Table 11 shows the most important fuses ,<br />
del ay ec hanisms , and<br />
t h e i r u s es .<br />
ì'h e n c l o s e d i l l u s t r a t i o n s s h o:r h e va r i o u s r mi n t i me s<br />
a rl d t h e i r r e 1 -<br />
i o ns h i p s t o dr o p a l t i t u d e s a n d t y p es o f a t i;a ck .<br />
Ivo n -<br />
d e l a ,<br />
y u n d d e l a y e d - a c t i o il f u s e s . r i t i i t i l e c o r r e s p o n d i n ; f u s e s w i t c h<br />
boxes were selected in advance in th e aircraft .<br />
dh en fuses were set<br />
f o r n o n - d c l a y ,<br />
c el a ,<br />
y e d - a c ti i o n ti ra s a l r a y s s e t s i r u l ta n e o u s l ,<br />
y .<br />
'f h i s<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- , ; -<br />
. a : 7 e i<br />
. ; , -a s i b l e c o c 7 r f ; o .<br />
a: _ _<br />
t } : e b o : .<br />
; L<br />
. i t } _ n o r - u c l ; y at d<br />
o t h e r ; '; i t i ? a e i : y :; c i - a c t i o i: f u . _ : e .<br />
f r c :; :<br />
t ;; s a a:: e a i r c r > .<br />
f t<br />
.<br />
F _ r<br />
5 u f e ti y<br />
L'<br />
.<br />
S Ct?:,<br />
,<br />
: J :JE Vt?I'<br />
t<br />
a l r c r ? I<br />
3 ! 20 L1 ' _<br />
i ; C C J'. : I' O U i; l O :f- r3 1 C ._<br />
it Ct a C a<br />
rl t a i e " a r a t e f ; :{ i _<br />
O J 1 J ° ct : 1Cṭ i r sC :; Il Q l :12' v L 0 :'1 ti J C ,<br />
L' ;<br />
U S II O t t'l l t t: i l ;•: G 7<br />
; .<br />
L" 1 0 .<br />
;<br />
.<br />
: S : 1 I' a l c;<br />
, : ;i . l l C G ;i: J S VJ C I ' C d C 1 . l i C r d t<br />
c' Yl r Ol l ; . ' . . : u %il 1 J C t l : ì ! I1 C Z S<br />
I '. i .. l .<br />
c e , u i j •r e r i t i f u s e s .<br />
r' u : e , ' c r : _<br />
i . i - e x ,l ; i v e ;o r, i b s i , . t rr r e<br />
t o i e u e d<br />
_ ; a - n s t n • . v a l t a r ; e t . : , - - : , _<br />
i c L a s t ' _<br />
e<br />
( - ' O) o r C3 ` )<br />
- -<br />
• a a t e e s p t c i a l l y r e u u i U i t i c : e d , :rl : i c : -: ,;ra s .: 1 :_0 r u e =n t l : e c e<br />
o l l o :: - o _ l _ i v o r c t : r e r : u i ; • .<br />
>>i c e f u : e s . .<br />
!• .<br />
ib _ _ . _ . e r: . ::e r e : l .:.c , t e :{-<br />
c l u ti i v e l ,•r t a c T- c f f s a f : t v ri 't h i n : c e z• .. _, i _: t i .rc<br />
_. f t c r : c i ;i _ ; r o . : e d .<br />
1' ?C f i1: E OCJ ) , 10 ' vE' VG' _ ' ::'U .<br />
5 - C :; 1 V' _<br />
1LC11 i : ! 1:a t:3 C3 L1 C ':J1 7117<br />
l i ": t 1 S LU<br />
s a y :1u Y•i n ,<br />
; i t s d r o , a r: a c o wa s t : e ( _' j }<br />
. _ " , , z u s e s z<br />
E<br />
e l e c r o r,<br />
i : t c e n d i , r ; b o an ti • r . a f o r ;; L 1 ;. :. a a . , °re r + :;• a c t i v : t e e l i ^rr:e d i . _<br />
t e l y<br />
_<br />
: f t e r , h e h o :, h ; l e f t : i: c r c o 1 , .; i r .<br />
e r s .<br />
; (' .<br />
: .<br />
t j 2 8 I ll ti e : ,<br />
':r 1 t C ? ì 0 :: ' r '/ . ;; . = @V i U l' I C 2' U 1. -• rl ,<br />
t : : E;<br />
. a C t 1 V . .<br />
i .<br />
1 T1 ; t 1 ' .<br />
il er<br />
f r v ,: r t i c a l f l i<br />
• ; : i t . 1 .<br />
U a b o ' .<br />
t : : .<br />
a l v e d .<br />
r v<br />
r l ; :v- i - v e 1 a t "t a c : _; :r i t i<br />
f l a i.. E ' , ,<br />
l ii c e r :<br />
d i a r v , =U l d C O:: i G l .<br />
[i E: i 1 1; C C?=: . ; r `I -<br />
i? 1 11 - C:' .<br />
;: 1 0 1 VC 0 :1 _<br />
'GS<br />
t l .<br />
° .<br />
f Uci : ._'. r1 j: Cti i 3 • 10 : { 5'T .<br />
L:i i C: t ; f Or I i; ; L O '. , II U J ; l a : t } l :: f LC e .<br />
° .<br />
O i i : Li P . . ° , t , '<br />
k ;c .<br />
:: u ' . c r e : r i . _ie d .. : . t : .<br />
' .<br />
t i ia ;: t ; c• ;, i : ; : . : 1 1 . , f u i l c : i :: : ; r e r e : i t<br />
.<br />
l l e<br />
: ' :<br />
1 7 - E 1=Z ` i V r '<br />
C ) U :_ : ) S :4 = : l '.. , ; iJ 3 _<br />
i ( , Z J J<br />
_ QS O i 1 14 1 1 cJ. i . .<br />
I<br />
I<br />
re r e ,. C I '1 _L'J E 1 ;- e ,<br />
Lr<br />
_ .<br />
c : : . r _<br />
t : ;ro f e c o ; • ; : o r a t 1; 3 c 1 . a c r. n :: v a l<br />
t .ṟ-r ; e t s t , : o ( `'<br />
. ) A c r<br />
( 3 ) f : e :^re r - t o l; r : . L. i l ;<br />
, c , : . :. :, - u e l a v<br />
f' u :. e s ': i:<br />
..<br />
t c : t u u z rrc o :: _ ri a i o n ': i t i . r u _ s .<br />
i c e Lra e<br />
,<br />
f o r<br />
i Tl s t a l ic e<br />
( 1 ' )<br />
;r i t l :<br />
( 5 0 )<br />
o r l '> , ) ,r i c h ( f ; ;; ) f u . =e s .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 74 -<br />
1 2 .<br />
Ex l o s i ve Ch ar ; e} s<br />
Th e var i ous t y pe s o f b ornbs =:re r e f i l l e d tivi t h e x : l os i v e cha r g e s<br />
mixed in<br />
accordance with the aim of maxinum effectivenesa in<br />
de s t r oy i ng t h e t ar ;e t .<br />
a .<br />
Normal explosive such as Trinitrotoluol were used for fih i ng<br />
all Sc and SD bombs before the war .<br />
Trinitrotoluol - Aṃmon ium<br />
Nitrate was used mainly in a 6 0 : +0 ratio ta fill the a b ove bombs<br />
_ a s v e l l a s PC ' s dur i ng t h e wa r .<br />
The FC ' s wer e i v e n mi ni .<br />
ng wa x<br />
as additives to the fillers so that th e bombs vou l d b e more shock -<br />
pr oo f .<br />
b .<br />
H igh - Performance Explosive such as<br />
-<br />
trichlorethylene<br />
an d n it rocellulose ( code symbols "THrT and "E" ) , were mixtures of<br />
tetram ethylenetrinitra . c ine or other synthetic explosives with<br />
triniytotoluol and , ;artly also with trinitrotoluol and aluccinum<br />
•<br />
Aluminum- h olding mixtures<br />
e pre ferrably us ed ,<br />
if underwater effects were to be ;roduced ,<br />
that is to say fca nava l<br />
tar ;et and water bombs ,<br />
demolition mines and torpedoes ,<br />
Since such<br />
fillers could be poured ,<br />
they were a l so employ ed in SB bombe. C om-<br />
, resse d hi h - performance explosive charges were used for armorpiercin<br />
b ombs with out aluminum additive .<br />
Hotivever , certain categories<br />
of all calibers of mine bombs were filled w ith<br />
t richlorethy<br />
l ene for special purposes .<br />
Because of the danger o f an<br />
explosion<br />
upon shock , such bomb s cou ld not be dropped from low<br />
levels aeainst ground<br />
targets , and specially painted deaignatians<br />
indicated that fact .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 75 -<br />
c .<br />
Substitute Explosives<br />
kmrnonium Hitrate DJ and DJ 1 were dry :ixtures of o0 - u 0<br />
percent of arnoonium nitrate ,<br />
10 -<br />
20 percent trinitrotoluol , and<br />
5 - 1 5 pe r c e nt l umi num ahi ch ṿe : e pa c lre d i nt o t he bou b c as e s<br />
ac<br />
. n pow de r f or m .<br />
Th e f or me r ha ci be en f i l l e d i n t o c e me nt f r a ; -<br />
mentation bornbs of the S Be 50 type durin ,<br />
the fi rst year of the<br />
war , whil e the latter had beer . used for the SC 250 of cuality III ,<br />
_ wh i l e t hi s t yp e o f bo,nb wa s s t i l l be i n;. ; pr o duc e d .<br />
Ano t h er hi ,<br />
;h - r a de<br />
a mmoni uiu ni t r a t e rni x t ur e i s 't h e "A" Arru oni um Ni t r a t e bornb , . rh i ch<br />
a<br />
g no t an any way reduceJ tle results produced by the small<br />
f r a „r e nt a t i on bombs SD 1 a nd SD 3 a s we l l as t !Ze SD l OB r a de by us i n<br />
special gre ,<br />
y cast iron casin s .<br />
The explosive mixtures employed for uroup b had a b out 30 percent<br />
more and those in Group c about 0 percent less blast effect thaa<br />
•<br />
th e norma l explosives in Group a .<br />
I n t rie l on ;i t udi na l di r e c t i an o f bo mbs n d mi r . e s t he o ur e d an d<br />
compressed ex :losive cliar es were usually reinforced by transmission<br />
char es of trinitrotoluol or of tetraGiethyl ene trir .<br />
itramine<br />
( th e<br />
latter in trichlorethylene bombs ) . Th ese superchar;es served to<br />
t r a ns mi t t h e ex pl o s i o » f r or t h e .<br />
f us e s box e s , e qui l ed wi t h pr e s s e d<br />
trinitrophenole ,<br />
to the rlain char e and to thus uaran tee a<br />
full<br />
detonation of the entire explosive charae .<br />
•<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ L- _<br />
C .<br />
Survey<br />
of the Effects Produced by L'xplosive ombs<br />
T a n l e s 1 3 an d l f : i e r t h o f Pe rle t r a t i on a nd Cr a t es I i e a s ur el ent s<br />
The detth to which a bomb penetrated into a tar et depended<br />
o n i t s i .npa c t s pe e a ,<br />
t h e b al l i s t i c c o e f f i c i en t , an d th e s ha pe<br />
o f t h e po i nt o f t h e bo mb a s re l l a 5 on t h e r e s i s t an c e o f f e r e d b ,<br />
y<br />
t h e t a r ; e t .<br />
•<br />
Th e i n pa c t v el o c i t y :ra s l e pe nde n t on t he f l i ; h t s pe e d ,<br />
t h e<br />
attack r ethod -- l:orizoatal or dive flinh t -- the drop altitude ,<br />
a nd t h e bal l i s t i c ec u l i a r i t i e s o f t h e bo :ab .<br />
Th e ba l l i s t i c c o e f f i ci e n t r e s ul t e d f r om da v i di r. ; t h e we i ; -;ht<br />
o f t h e bo : b by i t s l ar ; ; e s t c o r DSS- s e c t i o n: .<br />
l a r e a .<br />
Ti e<br />
b a l l i s t i c<br />
pe c ul i ar i t i e s o f t l i e bo Fab we r e e xpr e s s e d b y i t s dr o p t i n e a nd<br />
Ḻr a i l c or r e c t i on , Ṉh i c h a r e s h owr .<br />
i n 'ha b l es 1 ' a nd 0 a s r e l a t e d<br />
• to ili h ț speed and drop altitude ; th ese tabl es indicate hovr<br />
boc b s i u t s a r e t o be s e t .<br />
I n t h e c a s e o f ao : e bo_ . :b s onl y a<br />
l i t t l e o r no pe ne t r a t i on wI-la t s o e v er rJa s de s i r e d , s uch a s f or<br />
i ns t a nc e i nc endi ar y ,<br />
f r a ;t en t a t i on ,<br />
f l ai: e , ch e rni c a l , s r .<br />
ok e , and<br />
h i ; ;h - cha r ; e bombs .<br />
l } e s i ,<br />
a pe o f t h e Ol Tl t o f t he boui b Yra s i ndi c a t e d ::y t he i a d us<br />
o f s her i c i t y , wr i i ch
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
_ 7? _<br />
Since the ballistic coefficient rises in relation to the caliber ,<br />
h.avier bomb s pene trate deeper than small anes. Th e ba lli stic<br />
coeffici ent for thick - aall e d bombs is enerally also g r sị<br />
than in<br />
th e case of thinly cased ones ; for this reason ,<br />
the SD<br />
and PC bombs penetrate deeper tban SC bombe of the sam e caliber .<br />
On e can assume th a t a ll b ombs liste d reach<br />
th eir greatest<br />
depth of penetration already urithin 0 .<br />
1 second a ft er impact upon<br />
_<br />
covered ground ; this i s called stagnation point .<br />
But this depth<br />
doee not correspond to the one at which explos i ve bombs are<br />
supposed to explode in<br />
orde to be most effective .<br />
brmor-piercing<br />
bombs ar e excepted , and in<br />
special instances one can initiate<br />
t he i g ni t i o n o f h i gh - ex pl o s i ve bombs a t t h e s t a gna t i on po i .<br />
n t ,<br />
i f<br />
the target offers littl e res istance . Thi s is achi eved by setting<br />
425)<br />
th e A<br />
fuse at the s {<br />
econd delay-point before suspending the bombs<br />
`<br />
in th e drop m echanisms ; the delay would then amoun t to 14 secon ds ,<br />
which is otherWi s e use d as de l ay<br />
fuse for low- l evel attacks.<br />
To produce th e 'mine effect" with bombs , oae n eeded a<br />
taṃp ing<br />
by<br />
consistency of the target , such as for instance th e sea mine<br />
that exploded deep in<br />
the water .<br />
If ,<br />
hewever , a LNIB r with parachute<br />
was dropped obve lan d so<br />
that it would explode on the<br />
surfade of th e ground , o e could not speak of min e effect but<br />
rather of air pressere effect ,<br />
the ran •e of which<br />
is i ndicated<br />
on T able 15 .<br />
The mine effect of explosive bombs is usua ll y expressed in<br />
cra t er measurements ; that is the crater created a ft er th e bomb<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- T : -<br />
!: .<br />
° i _i<br />
' : " I" L i<br />
, _<br />
• l .<br />
t G i I"t " .<br />
O °1 :J .<br />
t F' c' 1 .,.<br />
'<br />
.. ., :a U ?<br />
l O I'<br />
('<br />
. . . , i : ... 1 ' 1 . ; C i i l v l 1C , ._ . i i v '<br />
s . l: '_! :' _<br />
-: i ci : .. - ., : $ z c es t :; u i t e '..<br />
f o z:' t _ ._ . ,u > . ' ;us e , . __ 4 i ll , :i c"1<br />
l _<br />
b o .<br />
i' " • i C { . 0 9 .<br />
e c ' .<br />
; ' t e r l l O r l.: ; l d i; l . :x ; ' :_, . _ 0 c o l . : j :: .<br />
I •Ct<br />
i 1C :<br />
: a n c<br />
C 1' .<br />
;t t T' S .<br />
e f f t c t ; . o i t i: e' va r i o a :: .. ._ :a lis c'_ .<br />
r- : i . c c ; e l e c t : ,`.{o s c , . •r ,. h n e<br />
l .: r ; c-: t cu r i r _<br />
c _ i y a c i cy , ::l l i ch 11 : _ .: , er c r ; t e d L' •; o;. .<br />
b s dr o ,y e d<br />
Y' 0 1::<br />
C l l f i C-I' t' r .<br />
t<br />
. ' , 11 . t 1 t U {i C 7 .<br />
a :iir•._<br />
+1<br />
L ,<br />
C' .<br />
' ị : l' .<br />
l T' v ?- t<br />
;<br />
_' i 0 ::1 1 0 : ,<br />
iJ<br />
I t l C U i i; S<br />
.<br />
C I' E: '3 .,<br />
L `_'<br />
'<br />
Z t<br />
.<br />
V [ 1 ' 7<br />
! 1<br />
.<br />
: I' , C C I" _<br />
. t E'<br />
, J i i : Z' C r ' :;i r ; J e :' 0 :: : : :" : ;: V 2 C O D Q<br />
.<br />
C; ,<br />
r O ? 'EC L Z' QI' .<br />
1 _<br />
ạ l 1 . t 1 C L1 c : 5 t 0 Oi i U f; ;a:-. ' , : : ' . i . ta *;1 VQ U(:i e GT' t k T' S .<br />
B o t: b ,<br />
: , c i r c d f . r o t:.<br />
i . - i r t l<br />
_<br />
..<br />
, c i c ; :: rl e t r t e c i e r<br />
t ' '- -<br />
s i s<br />
x ; $ s o l z c<br />
. : _, u a _ 1 '<br />
t r u e a f i c .<br />
: b r ; j .<br />
1 n ; = 2! t o o ? t o i 1 ; .<br />
} 1 ::<br />
: u c o r >' . a :::; ,<br />
s .<br />
I 11 t i l :. ;; @ C ; ,<br />
' e : , ,<br />
i ! G' , 'r c v e : ,<br />
't : e CI' :: " . £' I ' :3 ' . : ' VC St': . 1 .<br />
E' r l i i .<br />
i E : C' 1 ti : .<br />
i?Cị<br />
= L .<br />
, 1 Z !<br />
( .<br />
u i : ,<br />
'<br />
,r ': _ i : i 1 , a - - , ,<br />
' .<br />
'; 1 i c i ,<br />
1 ": :3 : . _' . I l<br />
. . i • '_ :7 : ' : .<br />
1 ; i i l 0<br />
} '<br />
_<br />
: a i r<br />
V t ; l E. ' ' C t_) t"1 Cl u :"l : .. ,^,<br />
-! r ? L E t l<br />
C c .<br />
C, 1 : i .<br />
: ; l ? .<br />
1 ?1 : U C i i<br />
: 1 Li<br />
. i :<br />
'<br />
. . , _ .<br />
;<br />
_ ,<br />
1 ' ' t ' .<br />
: ;<br />
. t' :<br />
. , l :<br />
..<br />
. v ' ; 1 i : - . .<br />
7<br />
_ . .. _ .<br />
' - . ., , _ ' _ . .<br />
•<br />
B o m b s t : 1 a t l a v e ' e e ?i y p e n e c r a t e a , : u c 'r : a s f o • i n 5 - a l t c e a r : l o r<br />
1 E i 2Ẹ' i : r :. t t 1 11J i . ' U !:'l l »<br />
, tl e l i u :i i j ' Vt: C : U i r O L' a 17 • .<br />
i 11" t 1 1 i l i :"_E ''t e 1C{ .<br />
O u C:<br />
a f t e r<br />
1<br />
. J L C : : a I: :<br />
,<br />
: O L i l l`.<br />
I7 :1 G T' Il C 1 1 U Ỵ .<br />
1J .<br />
C C' S L " C G +J i ,<br />
t (: 1 .<br />
11' t :;l C @<br />
:x r e C r v a t @Q . l ' 11 P ,<br />
1 r U 1. 1 :3 C C $ : `l .<br />
0 L1 1 :: . : Li i ' L u L L 1 ; ; > i .<br />
' _ C i : ,<br />
l ll n e l O f<br />
p e n e t r a 1 u 11 7 11 C :i : 1(, 'r E V ; t ' iii : 'f u<br />
.<br />
E. ' x<br />
1<br />
. . _ G f 1 i 1 C [: :J<br />
.<br />
. 1 G Ci S e .<br />
_1 r ' t . ,<br />
rl . u c l a c a o E i e r P s u :i i n r r e s s u r e e f l e c t e x :: n c i rl a l l<br />
u i r e c z i r s ^ c: . a .<br />
l ; ; ,: l o 'rr t : e ;; r o u a u - - a u - c ; i 1 e 4 i r i; Ui a s t - -<br />
:J o L' u i , :;u b t e l .<br />
' i ll e a u i lt t 1 1 1 d i u : _: , y r r i s c ll i .<br />
c: i i i i i e s - n d v i ị a l<br />
:aa ll u : a c t u r n i; l a a t s c ṟ. ' n Ue u e s t r o ;y e : i a l e v e i t , yo o r t l r e t i lu e s<br />
' u e l o w Li ; e d e .<br />
t a c f l e :_r; r a i o r> . .<br />
i il e n e p i s o f f e : .<br />
e I•r1 Ll UIi<br />
. ; i?u :71i i p i b e l j i rt u i c t e t - : . e<br />
s c a n a t i o : ;. .o i n o f i u u; b i n =;, n c 1 L; :;. ; t .. a :; : u ::: ;'r e s s i v c<br />
c t l L Ii ,<br />
; Lt : O i : . : u UU i: `t" ' r r, ' OL1: i lț :5 ti 'E; I ' . ' t S 7FL i S S ' .<br />
U I' e 1 I1G S . - ®0 1 1 0 : E' •<br />
1'<br />
a u d r e c e ti _<br />
rr e t e<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
_ 7g _<br />
in pure loamy soil of 330 pounds per .<br />
4 square iṇc hes { 150 kil os<br />
per s uare centimeter ) , th e figures in dicated on th e +able should<br />
be increased by 50 percent and iṇ c halkv , oil of 880 lbs per .<br />
4 sq in<br />
the fi uers should be divided b r 2 .<br />
Th e depth of pen etration is<br />
particularlv important in the case of bombs that are equipped arith<br />
lon - d el aỵ fuses or if su bt erraneaṇ f ac ilities are to be destroyed<br />
.<br />
with delay fuses II .<br />
In Table ? .<br />
4 one can eas ily notice th e influence<br />
of rop altitudea s i nce +he delays are the Bam e or very similar<br />
for<br />
all bombs sho n .<br />
The figures shown refer<br />
to normal - type explosives<br />
and e ° san dy soil .<br />
Mine bombs fill e d with amm onium nitrate ,<br />
tha t<br />
is to say sub s titute exp l oeives , produce craters wh ose volum e ie<br />
a b o at 30 percent smaller .<br />
Mine bombs filled with trichlorethylene ,<br />
Aspecially the larger caliber bomb s , could e cplod already upon<br />
imuact upon sandy eoil because of spmntaneous ignition of }he exnlosives,<br />
th e so-ca l? ed sh ock explos i on .<br />
For<br />
thi s reason , such<br />
'^ombs could be used only with delayed fusea against targets in water .<br />
Tables 15 and 16 : The Pressure Effect of Explosive Bomb s on Ground Tagets<br />
Th e term presbure eff ec t is used for the effect of air pressure<br />
I<br />
in th e case of ea losive bombs e ui w "<br />
p q pp d ith nondelay fusea or the<br />
effect of dirt pressure if the same bomb s are equ ipped with<br />
delayed<br />
fuses . F ragmentation b om bs have practicall ,<br />
y ao pressure effect and<br />
multiple-purpose bombs have only half the pressure effect of mine<br />
bomb6 , Wh ereaa mine bombs detoaat e d with nondelaY fuses h ave a cer tain<br />
fr enta tion pressure in addition to air<br />
pressure effect ,<br />
high - charg e<br />
I<br />
bombs have onlv ai _<br />
r pressure effect .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 8 0 -<br />
1'he pri cipa l d amabes inflictad upon less resistant<br />
targets by<br />
t h e ex i l os i on o f r:ii n e - dnd hi oh - c ha r be boui b s bur s t i n d t t he<br />
;round or water level were caused by the _ressure o f explosive<br />
asses which compressed the surroun din ath rnosp here and speeded<br />
up the circulation mf air .<br />
Such a pressure wave consisted of a<br />
sudden<br />
increase or pressure -- th e so-ca ll ed a i r bl as t -- vrhich<br />
dr o ppe d i r une di a t e l y a f t e r urar d and wa s r epl a c e d by l o tiv pr e s s ur e<br />
_ un til th e norma l pressure oi the a tmosphere was res tared .<br />
Th e cnaracteristic effect of a pre sure wave was<br />
tv crush<br />
wa l l s ne a r t h e Px pl o s i o n poi n t an a t o pus h t her o ut :ra r d a t l o n ; e r<br />
di s t a n c e s .<br />
I f a bu l di n ; wa s v er ,<br />
y c l o s e ,<br />
i t tivc u l d c o l l a ps e c omp l e t el y ;<br />
an isolated ttivo-stor ,<br />
y<br />
family house o f normal construction , which<br />
was situated a t 66 feet from the exp l osion point oi a hi ;h - char e<br />
bomb we i hi nv 2 ,<br />
2 00 l bs , wo ul d i ' i nt ebr a t ' .<br />
fi o us e s s t a n di n ,<br />
beh i n d<br />
others wou ld collapse except for<br />
the circumference wa ll s which<br />
would reraain standin , even if th ev were of liaht construction ,<br />
on t h e s i de t o wa r d t 'r e Ḻo mb , rrh e r e a s t ne J6 L X3 7C r e a r wa l l opf o s i t e<br />
roul d fall outward .<br />
Ove: lon distances ,<br />
houses exposed free l y to<br />
a i r pr e s s ur e svo ul d r . a v e damab e d r o o f s an d . ra l l s a t t ie b i he r f l o o r<br />
levels. Th e lo xer walls wauld show tears ar .<br />
d cracks reachins upward<br />
f r om t he ;r our d l e v el .<br />
i a n- raa ae c o ns t r uc t i ons wi t h s u a i l s ui f a c e s virou l d s u f r +h e<br />
least dama es f rom a i r pressure ; am n these are trellis briddes ,<br />
separa*e cement aiM raid shelters , chinineys , ; , elephoi.e poles , ~tc .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
_ $ 1 -<br />
On h e other hand ,<br />
trees are often uproo}ed becauee of their<br />
great resistance to air .<br />
Box girder bridge- are greatly ezposed<br />
o damag _<br />
by a ir blast , since they are liable to be lifted f rom<br />
abutments an d often cave in o r break rig h t through the middle .<br />
Light buildings and furnishings such as attice , partition<br />
wal ,<br />
doors , windowa , e t c ., su ffer extensively from pr essure<br />
damsacee .<br />
Th e cove r of attics Rould be destroyed over long dista nces<br />
i by the un der-pressure caused by th e a ir blaṣ t since the normal<br />
pressure prevailing in<br />
th e house would then have th e effect of<br />
.<br />
i n t er i or o v er - pr a , s ur e .<br />
I n t h e ca s e o f t i l e r oo f s ,<br />
t h e t i l es woul d<br />
t u ur .<br />
o<br />
usually be saised while th e a rs c e f th e attic would remain<br />
intact , whereas .<br />
the entire attic would be destroged in the ca e<br />
of a tin roof .<br />
In the vicinity of th e impact point ,<br />
hotever ,<br />
both<br />
tile and tin roofs rould be completely smashed .<br />
• .<br />
In Rubparadraph a on T a bl e 1<br />
are shown the distance$ for three<br />
types of damages that woul d be inflicted upon a modern<br />
family hotxse<br />
and its i nterior<br />
furaa $ hinge. Th e house was assumed to be built of<br />
bricks with 15 - 3ṇc h walls ,<br />
the sk eleton consisting of 1 - percent<br />
,<br />
reinforced cbncrete with<br />
5 - inch paaaels of brick .<br />
Th e damage would<br />
I<br />
e inflicted b y a ir pressure from high - e4ulosive and bigh - charge bombs .<br />
the three types of damages would be :<br />
Compl e .<br />
t e des t r uc t i on - - - 10096 damage ;<br />
irrepe able damage ---<br />
65 b damage ; and '<br />
h ous e t empor ar i l y no t i nha bi _<br />
t a bl e - - -<br />
3 5 9 dama , g e .<br />
Th e fi gures h own at su b paragraphs b - d inrli ca te th e ma cimum<br />
di as t uac e s a t wh i c h a t t h e ut mo s t 2 0 da ma ,<br />
g es - - t ha t i a e t o s a y<br />
light damage -- could be in flicted .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ z _<br />
u .<br />
Partition wa ll s ma d e of li ht cement , roof s ,<br />
doors , etc .<br />
V ndow panes .<br />
c .<br />
De t a che d br i ck ra l l s wui ch a r e 5 i n ch e s t Yi ck ;<br />
detached brick walls<br />
that are lU inches thick ; an d<br />
detached brick wa ll s that are 15 i nches thi ck .<br />
a .<br />
Detached cement Walls that are 6 inches thick ; and<br />
'<br />
d e t a c he d a i m z a e .<br />
t<br />
vra l l s t ha t a r e 1 2 i n ch es t h i ck .<br />
a<br />
Table 16 s hows th e range of dis t blast effec*s .<br />
Subparagraph a<br />
indicates the sam e ngrees of damag^ as Table 15 .<br />
i'h e maximum<br />
distances<br />
for ach ievin a t least 20yo damage to the foundations<br />
a r e a l s o t h e s arne .<br />
b .<br />
Brick foundations of lU -<br />
iṇc h s tren th ;<br />
brick foundation of ZO - inch strength ; and<br />
br ck foundation of 3U - iach s trength .<br />
_ ,<br />
Fo unda t i on o f r e i n f o r c e d c oi c r e t e o f 6 - i n c h t r e ng<br />
t h •<br />
f oun da t i on o f r e i n f or c e d c one r Pt e o f 1 2 -<br />
i n ch s t i eno t h ;<br />
foundaLion f rein forced concrete of 1$ - inch<br />
strength ; and<br />
founda tion of rein forced concrete of 24 - inch streng th .<br />
c . Li nes b urried in tr ie roun d ;<br />
drainage pipes of clay , earthenware , etc .<br />
Iron as an d wtter pipe lines.<br />
At half distance the lines enu iera ted in c wo .<br />
ld be assumed as<br />
dest o- e .<br />
Th p de l aYS at which the fuses f th e ]isted bombs vrould ha ve<br />
to be set are the same as those shown in Tables 14 an d 16 .<br />
Because of th e ci compression and shifting of the ground ,<br />
pipe lires would be sub ,<br />
jected to<br />
flexural and t nsil e stress. If<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 3 -<br />
t he c on s t r uc t i o n ma t e r i a l xa s r i t t l e ,<br />
br ea iss wo ul d a ppea r<br />
at branch lines even at rajor distan ces haL woul d be grea ter<br />
th an s bown on the respective ta bl e .<br />
Stee l pipes and electrical<br />
cables are ,<br />
however ,<br />
far more capabl e of resist-nce than th e<br />
a b ove-mentioned lin es and suffer less frora round blasts if they<br />
a r e i n pr o t e c t i v e c o ve r s uia de o f c e r a rni c a t e r i a l s .<br />
On y t h e<br />
ou t e r<br />
c o v e r s wo ul d br e ak .<br />
• 'the distances stated in Table 16 per tain to sandy soil .<br />
They<br />
shoul d be nultiplied Dy 1 .<br />
1 in case of chalky ,<br />
by 1 .<br />
3 for loarny ,<br />
by 1 .<br />
6 for loose and filled - in soil , and by 2 . U f or swampy ground .<br />
In taking thos e factors into consideration ,one must also calculate<br />
the drop altitude,<br />
f actors that correspond to the ground conditions<br />
m entioned in th e footnote to Table 13 .<br />
In •omparin the figurea s i lown on T a bl es 15 and 16 one arr ives<br />
at th e conclusion<br />
that the ground blast effect can be greater than<br />
th e air blast effect in the case of types of soil th a t can be easily<br />
moved .<br />
If bombs are filled with substitute explosives , such as<br />
aṃṃon ium nitrate ,<br />
the effective rauge of ground blasts also is<br />
about 30 percent less tr . an<br />
for nornial explosives. Hi gh - performance<br />
explosives used as fillers are not suitable for producing ground<br />
blast effects b ecause of th e previously nen tioned reasons.<br />
Table 1 .<br />
The diffusion of underwater pressure differs from pro-<br />
Aag tion<br />
in the air or in porous ground ,<br />
because water is practically<br />
impervious to<br />
compression .<br />
The effAct o f underwater bombs on ships<br />
is b ein examined in the section pertaining to the effect of bombs<br />
oa naval vess l s.<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958<br />
_<br />
+ - .<br />
.<br />
- - - -<br />
`<br />
, : -<br />
. , - ,<br />
:<br />
ti<br />
- - - - -<br />
-- - . .<br />
-<br />
' . _ ; . : •<br />
_ , ' . _. - ,<br />
. -<br />
. . _ . _ • ,_ .<br />
_ . . . , -, i<br />
.<br />
:<br />
. ._ .. . - •<br />
- •<br />
,<br />
a<br />
• -<br />
• r , -<br />
-<br />
_<br />
,<br />
.<br />
. . •, •<br />
. _ _ . . _ .<br />
. _ - .,<br />
_ . ,- , - , . .<br />
_<br />
. _ .<br />
• . . _ _ , , _ _<br />
. _ , . , , . _<br />
-<br />
• V _<br />
'<br />
.<br />
. ,<br />
. - . .<br />
,<br />
.<br />
-<br />
'<br />
-<br />
- A . .<br />
t;<br />
: . _<br />
' r ' _<br />
' t<br />
•<br />
. _ , , •<br />
_. . • , ' - '<br />
_<br />
i<br />
I<br />
, ' • . . ;<br />
_ . _ j _<br />
- -<br />
+ r -<br />
_<br />
, . .<br />
- .<br />
•<br />
_ I<br />
'<br />
'<br />
, , L .<br />
- - I<br />
-<br />
G n t .<br />
3.s #a bl t h ẹ ' s ti ai e r a i g e f or ex pl o s 4 e bom g e cp3.a d :i<br />
I<br />
_ . , _<br />
- _<br />
_<br />
, . + , L • . • . -<br />
, . .<br />
u r der ' ex<br />
_ : r e . S i ; ri t t o - i nf i ! t 3 g<br />
_ , 1 QaB ti ~` ' • " -<br />
r<br />
:<br />
, '<br />
L<br />
- .<br />
- _<br />
_ . . . -<br />
. _ .- '<br />
,<br />
- . . . . - .<br />
. . - -<br />
.<br />
. . . . .<br />
. .<br />
r . . _<br />
. .<br />
. . . . . . . . _ . . . . . -<br />
' r ar i o ns e rg e t s .<br />
' 'h e ṭ ai a , . : a ce 4 d s x , . n c em e ạ t # . g , pe 1 1e , . • ,<br />
'<br />
_ . _ ..<br />
.<br />
' - . ' ' '<br />
'<br />
-<br />
_<br />
. . .<br />
. . • • -<br />
. . .<br />
, . S I<br />
r-<br />
- . - . . . -<br />
_ - - .<br />
' . _ .<br />
'<br />
t t e i i - a : t<br />
: as a i d 1<br />
, e s . ,<br />
l ea1 _i n , . ot er • r;<br />
gi e '1 -, _ i<br />
k<br />
r , ,<br />
. . - -<br />
`<br />
- . . .,<br />
. _ . r ;<br />
. . .<br />
.<br />
- - - r -<br />
3Ṛo s s sni x o ' Q a s _ ,, , nd - d a s be i s of t i e i i es<br />
, - . r<br />
. -<br />
_, - • - ' • . -,-<br />
-<br />
. - ..., : - '<br />
- .<br />
. _ _ . . - .-_ ._ . . , . _ ..._ . ,<br />
. . , : -<br />
- .<br />
-<br />
•<br />
_. - bl e 1 8<br />
. . ' 'o be f e c l ve 4: e t e x :ee d a c ®r ai n pvi g;t l<br />
.<br />
e _ -`: -<br />
I<br />
- t - . • • ,<br />
,<br />
;<br />
. . . .<br />
, -<br />
. power ., fi h e f r gment s o h s 10 : ar e - r e q e d t o o n t :e. ro ' .<br />
-- - _<br />
. . - y - _ - - ; _ . -<br />
_<br />
__ _<br />
. •<br />
•<br />
_ - .<br />
`<br />
o f 8<br />
. .<br />
ies t erki l : os ; o :t e t c; t h t i s t o s ;, y t l 9 t a<br />
j<br />
am f s :<br />
s .t _ ' . . _ .<br />
. ` _ _<br />
- -<br />
.. _ .<br />
- , . .<br />
-; _ .<br />
-.<br />
_ -<br />
r o ul hav e t o b rr e a i m pa<br />
. rel o oi r ,of :' 8 A me t a e coa c ` a; '<br />
_<br />
_ r, . _ ..<br />
, , . , : , , a . ;<br />
. . . .<br />
. _<br />
-•<br />
.<br />
_<br />
.<br />
_ ,<br />
. y • '<br />
,. , - .<br />
_<br />
--<br />
b n<br />
h<br />
t :<br />
.<br />
a bl e 1' 8 t h s . t 3<br />
e a oa e d .<br />
e g e d a a e t tv ee .<br />
Zn<br />
_<br />
- , .. , __ ,. , ,<br />
. , • . - ' + .<br />
-<br />
. •<br />
, . -. _ _ _ _ _ .<br />
.<br />
. purpos e bomb's 3 O h<br />
_• .<br />
a e haWn i n ad+3 t o o # e- 3 . .<br />
, " = r • _ - .<br />
. -. . - _ 5- . - .<br />
'<br />
_<br />
. . : - _ • -,<br />
' ,` -. ` ' ' f f<br />
t oget h er Wi th t he g eine , ; a t 3 re paiseic . ; as l . a t ed t a , _<br />
. o _ e •<br />
_<br />
'<br />
- . .<br />
4<br />
' d e e 3t g .<br />
-<br />
- - '<br />
. ,<br />
.<br />
1 . ' I .<br />
v<br />
. .<br />
: - .<br />
. .<br />
V .I .<br />
. . .<br />
_ _<br />
I<br />
. •<br />
.<br />
, •<br />
, . .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. . . . .<br />
. .. •<br />
.<br />
_ .<br />
• . • _ ; - i<br />
•<br />
_<br />
T'he t a rg et s ro ;f a aẹ e :a e e r t i ca l l y p2ac ,<br />
d a x • t $i r i Ea _ l`<br />
O<br />
I -<br />
_ - F<br />
-<br />
' '<br />
-<br />
.<br />
- - , . _ - .<br />
_<br />
-<br />
-<br />
.<br />
- , _ . '' r<br />
•<br />
.<br />
'<br />
, t _<br />
, _<br />
• ' 4<br />
- .<br />
•<br />
. . -<br />
.<br />
y<br />
r<br />
_<br />
'<br />
` .<br />
'.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
-<br />
.<br />
. _<br />
,<br />
•<br />
-<br />
•<br />
•<br />
- e :; : - : , : "<br />
_<br />
"<br />
I<br />
. . . I<br />
I<br />
.. ;<br />
-<br />
/<br />
c<br />
..<br />
. s ] i . .<br />
c<br />
_ , ._<br />
. - • . { . -<br />
_ .<br />
'<br />
_ _ = - . - - ; : _<br />
,<br />
S<br />
B . s i ' ! ; +eax sa r l i h t che a i<br />
,<br />
,<br />
. c , l .,<br />
Yaa 3a ee .,<br />
; • - ' -<br />
_ . _ , _: ,r.<br />
. • -_ • - . :- . _- _ . . .i _<br />
. , - _, _ .- _ -- .<br />
... _<br />
_ , ( , . . __<br />
_<br />
G -<br />
_<br />
. :<br />
; $ "<br />
_ t oa l d t r or m r B i t ho u t a • a i v e : a<br />
,<br />
,<br />
_ er ,<br />
. _ . •<br />
_ _<br />
_ _ . .<br />
y • .<br />
:<br />
_<br />
_ . .<br />
:<br />
-<br />
. N _<br />
.<br />
- .<br />
+<br />
;<br />
. .<br />
•<br />
_<br />
. . _.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
L<br />
. ,<br />
`<br />
.<br />
•<br />
,<br />
.<br />
-<br />
•<br />
•<br />
'<br />
-<br />
'' r<br />
. . .<br />
; _ . ] . r q<br />
_ s r8 , ' t e z c ear 8 , , b ar r s k s a = mn .<br />
br d a • . :f<br />
- - - y _ . _<br />
, . . _ .d<br />
'<br />
-<br />
'<br />
_ -<br />
- ; : , : - -<br />
r<br />
`' , .<br />
't i o e er 1 et .<br />
. _ . _ - .<br />
hs +<br />
. _ e<br />
r a ẹ<br />
.<br />
. 1 . . , poar i A$ : _<br />
.<br />
. Y<br />
- , , •<br />
•<br />
C _<br />
, ,<br />
-<br />
. . . . . ,. : .<br />
I<br />
,<br />
-<br />
. . „ - . _ ' y . . . . .- .-<br />
'<br />
.<br />
. , - .<br />
' '<br />
-<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
. .<br />
- . : : 3:oo i o p : '' h a a ' 1a t v a l s h , ,<br />
y +r i C i re e a 3 .- ; .<br />
, _ :<br />
'<br />
• ,, _<br />
^ ,<br />
_ : c . _<br />
. . ,<br />
_- _ . '<br />
- -• '<br />
a<br />
- _ c '<br />
. s 3 .<br />
. ọa ; tg r sa s s , a i l r oa d s w t t h :; 1 - 'q • ,<br />
•- - . _ _ ., ,. - _<br />
- - - _ . = f - , - . __ ._ a •, . , . , . -<br />
•. - _ • - - -- _<br />
-<br />
.<br />
. - _ -<br />
' .<br />
, _<br />
br<br />
_<br />
d ge , , ±®a s; c , . ri ẹe. .br :ck a l ' e u ag: ] D: .<br />
_ - '<br />
- , • ' ' . .<br />
_ ; •<br />
. • f<br />
- . -• - - `<br />
-<br />
. • . •<br />
'<br />
;<br />
.<br />
. . • - , - :<br />
. ._ . - . , . . -<br />
_ _<br />
.<br />
` . • , . _ ,_<br />
.<br />
.<br />
_ •<br />
_ - - _, . _ . . - _ . ,.<br />
. _ - _<br />
.<br />
r<br />
j . . . -<br />
. _ . _ . . . _ _ .<br />
. ,<br />
. - . ,<br />
-<br />
_ ụ :e: . - - - - 1 ' ,._ -, _ _ , _ - - ..<br />
-<br />
. - - . ,-.. • - _ ; _ . , _ . __ - - , _ . ._ .<br />
, _ . - . _ .r . _, , - . - ._ - - , _<br />
. _<br />
'<br />
.<br />
Ih di l'<br />
.<br />
. : s pi . : bf<br />
. ,<br />
n : 3040,1 ' T l a d ' e - , .:<br />
, .<br />
_ . . r - . - - ; . .<br />
- r ., _ , ; _ _ ; ;<br />
• --<br />
.` .<br />
.<br />
- .. _ . . -<br />
_<br />
_ . . _ a. , f L<br />
'<br />
_<br />
-<br />
•<br />
. _<br />
_<br />
ir<br />
,<br />
, . . i .<br />
i<br />
. r . - ' _<br />
'<br />
'<br />
•<br />
- _ .<br />
ti . .<br />
-<br />
_ _ . . .<br />
. .<br />
'<br />
, . - ` , , ,<br />
_ . - _ ,<br />
;<br />
_ . • . . , • -<br />
, - • • _ .- - - - - , , . - t<br />
_ . • , ._<br />
_ : . - • , • _ . . -. _ . -<br />
. c : '<br />
._. . _ _ • . , _<br />
• . . . .<br />
,<br />
-<br />
'<br />
•<br />
•<br />
-<br />
r<br />
. _ ' . .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
•<br />
- 1 _ . S<br />
, r<br />
, . . -<br />
- ,<br />
s__ .<br />
_<br />
.<br />
_<br />
'<br />
•<br />
,<br />
_<br />
_<br />
r . I •<br />
I<br />
. . - -<br />
. . '- : . ,<br />
i<br />
, . -<br />
•<br />
_ '<br />
•<br />
'<br />
. -<br />
'<br />
.<br />
_ .<br />
r . _ - - -<br />
`<br />
-<br />
- _ _<br />
- •<br />
, _<br />
, . - - _ - ;<br />
.<br />
-<br />
_<br />
. _ __ .<br />
-<br />
_ _ , - _ . - . . . .<br />
i<br />
- -<br />
• - - -<br />
- r _ . _ . .<br />
r - _<br />
_<br />
.<br />
.<br />
_ _ , . - !<br />
~<br />
- . I _ _<br />
^ =1<br />
, • _ •<br />
- -<br />
!<br />
- _<br />
• '<br />
- t - - . - _ - -<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958<br />
_<br />
.<br />
i
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- a 5 -<br />
20 to 30 - mm armor plates. T anks could therefore be put out of<br />
cornmission<br />
by large multiol e -purpose bombs under certa i n circumstances<br />
.<br />
The gas pressur e ex erted by a hibh - explosive bomb detona ting<br />
n ar an armored vehicle h a d proved cuore e ff ctive in i niting th e<br />
amuunition , oil , and gasoline inside the vehicl e .<br />
Irl th e case af<br />
t h e Rus s i an T -<br />
j + ,<br />
t h i s wa s a cl: i e v e d bỵ SC 50 0 bombs ,<br />
i ; ni t e d by<br />
nondel a, y fuses ,<br />
hitting at .<br />
0 - foot distances .<br />
•<br />
Illustration 21a : Stress Rebistance of Bombs ( 21b : Cate ories of uality }<br />
_ _ _._ ______<br />
This illustration conveys a general idea of the the i tpact stress<br />
resistance of various explosive bo:nbs dropped f rom high altitudes .<br />
Since the target consistency is of practically indefinite thickness ,<br />
the i mpac t stress re i s tance o f bamb s is different from the pen e-<br />
tra ti ve power<br />
through a limited covPr given in Tables j and 5 f or<br />
'<br />
the respective catebories of bombs .<br />
rirst one h as to distingui s h<br />
b e t we e n t h e Ut r e s s pl a c e d on bor ba dr oppe d f r o :i 1 o }r l e v el s or h i g h<br />
altitudes upon<br />
their impact on hard dround .<br />
If the explosive charges<br />
ar e to be full ,<br />
y efiective ,<br />
bombs with fuses se c for delayed - action<br />
or time delays must be produced f is m cas ntis and fuse boxes that will<br />
remain intact .<br />
Th e bo ubs are essentially constructed for stress in the longitudinal<br />
ax i s , a ;ad t h e ma s s i ve po n t g i ve s t h etn a r el a t i v e l y r ea t s t r e s s<br />
resi s tance wb en<br />
they are dr opged from hi h altitudes ,<br />
ilhen dropped<br />
in low- l evel attacks ,<br />
the bombs are exposed to strong lateral<br />
s t r e s s and s t r a i n ,<br />
i f t he y bo ui c e o f f an d i .<br />
n t he pr o c e 6s hi t<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
,<br />
-<br />
6 -<br />
vertical ob jects such as co a n * t w a lls , construction worka made<br />
of steel , su ports or heavy ma chine parts .<br />
For this reason it<br />
is preferrable to use thick - walled rnultiple-purrose bom s rath er<br />
han thin high - explosive barabs against this tvp- f target .<br />
T : e high - e-plosive bombs weighing from 110 to 1 ,<br />
100 lbs<br />
a r e s u f f i _<br />
c i en t l y s o l i d f or be i ng dr oppe d f r orn h i g h a l t i t ude s on<br />
ordinary unprotected round targets and naval vessels ,<br />
if delayed -<br />
- action fuses are used .<br />
Th e limit for tress res i stance for th e SC z50 ,<br />
for instance ,<br />
is 50 - mm structu •al steel<br />
or 4 00 - rn reinforced<br />
concrete f or<br />
quali ty I b ombs ,<br />
30 - mm structural steel or 250 - mm<br />
r ein ^rced concrete for qualit •<br />
y II bor b s , and 20 - mm stee l or 150 - mm<br />
concrete for quality III .<br />
Th ese fi , ur es were obtained during tests<br />
Y i t h i s x Uo nbs a a i ns t s t e e l a nd c on cr e t e pl a t e s by s pe c i . a l<br />
•<br />
t e s t i ng pr o c e dur e s .<br />
In a t t a cks on s hi ps ozl e u us t a l - a ys us e onl y<br />
quality I hi ,<br />
gh - explos i ve bombs .<br />
The impact s+rese resistance of the vario s bombs was currently<br />
t e s t e d upon e a c h d e l i v Pr y wh en s arapl e b o ubs rer e dr opp e d on r o oky<br />
g ound .<br />
nioh - explosive and multiple-purpose bombs were dropped<br />
on cha lk y groun d ( a t Muensingen with a b out 380 lbs per square .<br />
4"<br />
and at Foggia with about 1 ,<br />
980 lbs per square . 4 " pr essure resi s tance )<br />
a nd wi t h a r r or - pi er c i ng bombs on g r an i t e ( a t I i a n da l wi t b a bo ut I<br />
o ,<br />
6u0 lbs per square<br />
. + ") .<br />
Durin these tests it was observed at<br />
i<br />
which<br />
drop altitude tie respective bomb caqes that were<br />
wi t h o» t f - es r e ma -<br />
i ne d i nt a c t .<br />
Th e t e s t s a l s o s e r v e d t o che c k t h e<br />
explosive filler as to its shock resistance. I11 usLra tion 24 a<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ o ,,l _<br />
th ere fore a l so shows the lir, ṭ ations of usin b ombs in moun t a inous<br />
terrain ,<br />
if penetration in to covered ground is required for their<br />
effectiveness . A s<br />
the il • tration indica t es ,<br />
the case of Lhe<br />
SC z 5 0 I ( Pqa nu f a c t i r er s ' s i g t J i ) r er a i n e d i nt a c t ap t o a dr o p<br />
a ltit ude of ,<br />
UO feet S a o z hard chalky soil and up to 1b ,<br />
7Q0<br />
feet on weathered chalky soil .<br />
Fron hi her altitudes , even trin i -<br />
.<br />
tro oluol (di ; it 1 + ) ,<br />
th a t i s to say normal explos i ve matter ,<br />
becomes spmntaneously inflammable . SC 250 I Ḻ cmbs filled aith<br />
105<br />
trichlorethylen e disinte rate even if dropped fro i ,altitudes of<br />
r•<br />
only 3 ,<br />
300 -<br />
b ,<br />
b00 feet onto hard chalk and from 6 , 6 00 - 9 ,<br />
900<br />
feet onto softer chalk .<br />
The SC 250<br />
III (K ) disinte rates already<br />
frora al iitudes of only 3 ,<br />
300 feet onto h ar d chalk an d from o , 250<br />
f e e t o nt o wea t he i•e d cha l ky r oc l s .<br />
The l a r b e e x pl o s i v e bombs SC 1 0 00<br />
and SC 2000 have less stress res -tance than the SC 250 nd SC 500 ,<br />
_<br />
and are therefore e uipped with acceleration fuses ( z8 )B .<br />
Th e SD 700A , which is uiade of si s cast steel ,<br />
is less fi r©<br />
than the SC 250 I , which i s s taṃpe d out of one p i ece of steel .<br />
Fli gh - ex pl o s i ve a nd mul t i pl e - pur po s e bo mbs raus t i;h e r e f or e be dr o ppe d<br />
f ṛ om ' i bli al t i t ude s on t o La r d gr oun d wi t h nondel a y i us e s .<br />
The Sli 25U0<br />
(designated SC 2500 St in the illustration ) explodes<br />
its trichlorethylene filler from rinimum altitudes . F or this<br />
r e a s on , a ni . ni mum a l t i t de mus t be o F,s e i-ve d o ut o h d r d t ar ; e t s ,<br />
i f<br />
l a r g e bo mbs a nd mi ue bombs ar e dr o ppe d ri t h n on- us hi one d i g h -<br />
performance explosive<br />
char es . Thi s a ltit ude shou d var ,<br />
y from 1 ,<br />
U00<br />
to , oJG eet .<br />
Th e PC 14U0 can Ue dropped ro up i:o 16 ,<br />
00 feet<br />
if dropped<br />
ont o r =+ni t e ,<br />
but wi l l ex pl o de f r om lii i e r a l t i t ude s .<br />
PD boar bs<br />
r -mained intact from any altitude .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- a -<br />
Tabie .<br />
3: Depth of Penetration of Various iombs iu Sandy Soil<br />
( measure d iu feet and related to the point of the bomb}<br />
Drop SD 8® SC SC SC SD SD PC<br />
Altitude 70 250 500 10u0 2000 1000 1i00 1 + 00<br />
3 ,<br />
300 5 •<br />
9 .<br />
5 11 .<br />
1 11 .<br />
8 19 .<br />
8 io .<br />
4 18 .<br />
1 19 .<br />
8<br />
6 ,<br />
600 9 .<br />
6 11 .<br />
1 13 .<br />
7 14 .<br />
7 25 .<br />
7 23 .<br />
8 z3. 1 27 .<br />
1<br />
9 ,<br />
900 11 .<br />
8 13 .<br />
3 16 .<br />
0 1 ; . + 3i .<br />
o z8 .<br />
i 27 .<br />
4 .<br />
34 .<br />
0<br />
13 ,<br />
200 13 .<br />
? 15 .<br />
3 € 1 .<br />
0 35 •<br />
6 31 .<br />
7 3i .<br />
o 39 .<br />
6<br />
•<br />
16 ,<br />
5 0 15 .<br />
3 ' ' 0 22 8 .<br />
39 6 .<br />
35 .<br />
0 34 .<br />
3 44 .<br />
9<br />
a<br />
i y 800<br />
20 6 .<br />
z4 . + 4z .<br />
9 38 .<br />
0 37 . 0 +g .<br />
5<br />
Footnote: This table i s b ase d oa Aand that has a com ressive<br />
_______<br />
strength of about 440 lbs per .<br />
4 square iṇc h (2@0 kiloa<br />
per square centimeter ) ; in loamy soil of about 33 lbs per .<br />
4<br />
square inch<br />
(1 50 kilos per square centiaeter ) the figures<br />
indica ted ia the above table should be ©ultiplied by<br />
1 .<br />
5 .<br />
If th e aoil is chalky and has a co- ressive etrength<br />
of about 380 lb s ner . 4 square inch (400 kilos per square<br />
c ent .<br />
me t e r ,<br />
t h e f i r e s s h o ul d be mul t i pl i e d by 0 .<br />
5 .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ R g _<br />
T a bl e .<br />
4 : Cr a t e r t • e a s ur eme nt s Pr o duc e d b b i h - Es pl os _<br />
v e Bombs<br />
with Delayed - Action Fuses (Th e figures pertain to<br />
i i . . . M<br />
normal - type explosives ard to sandy smil ) .<br />
(Measuremen ts are in Meters or 1Ieters )<br />
Drop SC 50 SC 250 SC 00 SC 1000 SC 2000<br />
Altitude De* Di**C *** S e* Di**C *'* De* Di**C ;* De Di C «*De*Di **C **'`<br />
1 ,<br />
000 1 .<br />
2 5 .<br />
6 2 .<br />
8 7 .<br />
3 .<br />
6 10 .<br />
5 4 .<br />
13 .<br />
2 5 .<br />
4 15 .<br />
0<br />
• 2 ,<br />
o00 1 ,<br />
6 6 .<br />
2 10 3 ,<br />
0 3 .<br />
4 3 .<br />
; 10 .<br />
8 4 .<br />
6 1 + .<br />
6 ,<br />
0 15 .<br />
4<br />
3 ,<br />
000 1 .<br />
3 6 .<br />
0 3 .<br />
1 3 .<br />
6 6 3 .<br />
11 .<br />
4 4 .<br />
3 14 .<br />
2 6 .<br />
2 16 ,<br />
0<br />
4 ,<br />
000 1 .<br />
0 5 .<br />
2 2 .<br />
6 8 .<br />
2 .<br />
9 11 .<br />
6 138 4 ,<br />
$ 14 ,<br />
2 6 .<br />
4 16 .<br />
6<br />
5 ,<br />
000 0 .<br />
7 7 .<br />
0 2 .<br />
4 7 .<br />
8 3 .<br />
b 11 .<br />
2<br />
. 0 1 +. 4 2' r<br />
b 4 .<br />
1 7 .<br />
2<br />
-<br />
6 , 000 0 , 5 4 .<br />
8 2 . 2 7 . 2 3 .<br />
4 10 .<br />
b 4 .<br />
8 13 . 0 6 .<br />
6 18 560<br />
. ___-.<br />
Fobtnote: D e "`- D epth of cra t er ( in meters }<br />
Di** - Diameter of crater (i n meters }<br />
cu b i<br />
C'"* * - Ca p a c i t y o f ' r a t e r ( i n a me t er s )<br />
Th e largest crater capacity in each case is doublv urderscored --<br />
lik e this -- and pertains to norral - type explosives and to<br />
san dy soil .<br />
Th e delaYs assumed for SC jU ,<br />
SC 250 , and SC 50G bombs were<br />
0 .<br />
08 secon d ; for SC 1000 an d SC 2000 bomb s these delays were 0 .<br />
12<br />
of a second .<br />
However ,<br />
the acceleration fuse inserted in the bomb<br />
i nited sooner upon impact on coverer3 ground .<br />
Th e crater measuremente<br />
of the t®o l ar e bambs -- SC 1000 and SC 2000 - could therefore be<br />
compared with those produced by smaller aliber bombs that were<br />
i tn i t e d w et h l e s s del a y .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- y0 -<br />
Ta b l e l j : L? s t a n c e s f or i a cna e s Ca uSe d 'oy i r Pr e s s ur e Pr o du c e d<br />
Lỵ ḅ 0 1 6 c l o d e d wi t h .<br />
363 1'ion del a y r'us e s ( I n P •<br />
ie t e r s )<br />
Dekx,e e o i<br />
I 7 a ma we 't o SC3 0 SC 2 3 v SC 300 SC l OGu SC 2 UGU Li u ì SL SC<br />
1<br />
13rick Struct IOOG z500<br />
.<br />
a .<br />
Complete<br />
destruction / j .<br />
1 .<br />
0 15 .<br />
4 l j .<br />
j .<br />
j 22 .<br />
u 23 0 .<br />
20 .<br />
0<br />
Irrepera ie<br />
Daraade y .<br />
5 i .<br />
20 .<br />
0 3 .<br />
0 U .<br />
O 2 .<br />
0 S .<br />
U 3; .<br />
l ern , or a r i l y<br />
Un i n 'n a 'ai t a bl e 1 3 .<br />
U j .<br />
u 2 o .<br />
U ti .<br />
4 4 .<br />
U 42 ,<br />
0 4j ,<br />
0 S<br />
. U<br />
% " tances<br />
o i Dama e s<br />
b .<br />
Fa r t i t i o ns + 0 1 'l 1 9 a 3 05 ` +2 5`+y 500 6 y 0<br />
a'Ji n do wpa r:e s 7b ? 3 2 `l `+ j 35 L5 7 b0 2 0 '" 6u<br />
c .<br />
i r i ck wa i l s<br />
5 i i ch i 4 ti . -<br />
2 db y9 1 - + 1 n 7 17 1 2 0 6<br />
i U i nc h :.<br />
7 2 2 33 + ? 1 u2 3 l Ul<br />
i 5 i nch .<br />
3 14 j 3 7 55 5y "l e<br />
d .<br />
ConcreLe<br />
walls<br />
b i ilc h .<br />
1 .<br />
5 n 1 7 2 1 24 2 7 3 0<br />
i 2 i nc h o .<br />
3 j 4 .<br />
j 7 .<br />
S 1G .<br />
J 12 1 3 1 5<br />
i o o t tl o e _ F o r t h e I i i h - e x Q:i o s i v e b c n b s i t wa s a s s u iae : t i l a t t i i e y tivo u l d<br />
b e f i l l e d ari t i : n o r ma l e :c p l o s i J e : a t t e r ,<br />
. i . e r e a s t 'ri e li i ; h -<br />
c il a r b e b o mb s l o u l d ii a v e ii i h - p e r f o r wa r c e x p l o s i v e f i l l e r s .<br />
l h e " ma x i mum di s t a r: c e s " i n ci i c a t e d i n ` ' a : l c s 1 : ,<br />
1 • , .<br />
. c ? i<br />
a r c i : . . .<br />
e :- .,<br />
•e e di s t a n c e s a t vr h i c l l s l i h ti d a rr la o e s we r e s t i l l<br />
c a us e d ,<br />
i<br />
. e .<br />
t i :e raa x i r u m c<br />
. i s t a n c e s o f t h e r e s p e c t i v e b o : . = b s<br />
o t a i n e d i u t t d c i i t il e i n d i c a t e d t a r e t s .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 91 -<br />
" Table lb : Range of Dirt Blaat ffects with Delaved - Action Bombs<br />
(For normal<br />
explosives and sandy soil ; dista8ces<br />
m easured in me t ers ) .<br />
sD 7o sC c5o Sc 50o sC looo sc 200o sD looo SD17oo Fc<br />
Mi ni mum<br />
1 too<br />
Drop 2 ,<br />
000 3 ,<br />
G00 3 ,<br />
000 3 ,<br />
500 z ,<br />
500 1 ,<br />
500 Z ,<br />
00o 1 ,<br />
000<br />
Altitude m eteṛs m e ters meters<br />
metPrs q eLers netErs meters<br />
m gters<br />
a .<br />
De reP of<br />
Damage to<br />
•<br />
Brick S tr .<br />
Complete<br />
destruction 2 .<br />
9 5 .<br />
3 8 .<br />
j 14 6 ,<br />
17 ,<br />
0 ? .<br />
0 16 .<br />
0 9 .<br />
0<br />
Irreperable<br />
Dama g e S .<br />
b 1 0 ,<br />
7 l o .<br />
g 2 t3 .<br />
2 3 4 ,<br />
0 14 .<br />
0 3 2 .<br />
0 1 8 .<br />
Temporarily<br />
Un i nh a b i t a bl el 2 .<br />
2 1 7 .<br />
0 2 + .<br />
4 4 8 .<br />
8 6 0 .<br />
7 2 0 .<br />
0 5 + .<br />
0 2 6 .<br />
0<br />
Maximum Bang e<br />
for Damages<br />
b .<br />
Foundations<br />
Rr i ck<br />
•<br />
10 -<br />
inch 4 .<br />
3 0 .<br />
6 11 .<br />
0 13 .<br />
$ 10 .<br />
0 9 .<br />
5 14 .<br />
5 11 .<br />
5<br />
20 - inch 3 .<br />
6 7 .<br />
2 9 .<br />
4 1 2 .<br />
2 14 ,<br />
0 8 .<br />
5 13 .<br />
0 10 .<br />
0<br />
30 - inch 3 .<br />
1 6 .<br />
6 8 .<br />
6 10 .<br />
4 12 .<br />
0 7 .<br />
5 11 .<br />
0 0<br />
Concrete<br />
6 - inch 4 .<br />
2 $ .<br />
0 11 .<br />
4 14 .<br />
4 17 .<br />
0 10 .<br />
0 36 .<br />
0 12 .<br />
0<br />
1Z - in ch 3 ,<br />
4 7 •<br />
5 9 •<br />
5 12 .<br />
2 14 .<br />
0 3 .<br />
5 13 .<br />
0 10 .<br />
0<br />
18 - inch 2 .<br />
9 6 .<br />
6 8 .<br />
6 11 .<br />
0 3 .<br />
0 7 .<br />
5 2 .<br />
0 9 .<br />
0<br />
24 - nc h 2 6 5 3 . .<br />
7 8 .<br />
10 .<br />
2 12 .<br />
0 7 .<br />
0<br />
c .<br />
Lines under<br />
11 0 .<br />
8 .<br />
5<br />
Ground<br />
clay pipes 4 .<br />
9 9 .<br />
7 12 .<br />
2 14 .<br />
7 19 .<br />
5 11 .<br />
5 17 .<br />
5 12 .<br />
5<br />
iron pipes 3 .<br />
7 6 .<br />
1 7 .<br />
3 9 .<br />
7 11 .<br />
0 7 ,<br />
0 10 .<br />
5 7 •<br />
5<br />
Footnote : The delavs used for SC 250 and SC 500 ,<br />
SD 70 an d SD 1000<br />
wer e O .<br />
O S o f a s e c o nd ; For PC 1 t 00 - - p .<br />
l o f a s ec on d an d<br />
for SC 1000 ,<br />
SC 2000 , an d SD 1700 -- 0. 12 of a second .<br />
Th e<br />
latter ,<br />
however h , a d an accel era tion fuse that ignited a<br />
l i t t l e s o one r upon i mpa c t o n f i r rn g r o ur d .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 92 -<br />
Ta bl e 1 7 : t a n ;e f o r Li h t Da :aa e s I n f l i c t e d b r Un de r wa t e r Ex pl o s i ons<br />
o f Hi ,<br />
h - Ex pl o s i v e L<br />
2 u l t i p l e - F ur p o s e , a nd Ar mor - Pi e r c i ng Bo mbs<br />
(Distances measured in ueters )<br />
'largets SC j0 SC 270 SC 500 SC 1000 SC 2000 SD PC PC<br />
170G 1000 1 00<br />
a .<br />
3r i d ; e<br />
Foundation s 1 . 5 3 . 0 4 0 5 . .<br />
0 6 .<br />
0 5 •<br />
5 3 5 4 • •<br />
5<br />
b .<br />
ConcreLe<br />
Dams 2 .<br />
u + .<br />
5 5 •<br />
5 0 •<br />
5 7 •<br />
5 7 •<br />
0 5 .<br />
0 0 .<br />
0<br />
c .<br />
Na l l ed<br />
Dams ? •<br />
5 +• 5 ? •<br />
0 .<br />
0 11 .<br />
0 10 .<br />
0 6 0 7 5 . .<br />
•<br />
d .<br />
Locx<br />
ia tes j .<br />
5 8 .<br />
0 10 .<br />
3 13 .<br />
5 17 .<br />
0 15 .<br />
0 .<br />
0 11 .<br />
0<br />
e .<br />
Pi pe<br />
Lines 7 .<br />
0 1z .<br />
o 16 .<br />
7 z2 .<br />
o 3 .<br />
0 5 .<br />
0 13 .<br />
0 17 .<br />
5<br />
f .<br />
Unpr o-<br />
tected<br />
Vesse l s<br />
$ .<br />
0 20 .<br />
0 z6 .<br />
0 3E .<br />
0 45 .<br />
0 40 .<br />
0 22 .<br />
0 28 .<br />
0<br />
Footnote : The above fi ures are valid for normal explosive charges .<br />
If high - performance exrir<br />
' . e were used ,<br />
these figures<br />
would have to be multiplieu by 1 .<br />
3 .<br />
The depth of the<br />
_ explosion has been assumed to be twice as great up to<br />
5 meters distance , equally reat at 1 r e ters distance ,<br />
an d at leas t half as great as th e explosion raages for<br />
distances beyond 12 meters.<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 93 -<br />
T a ble 18 : kange of "B ffective " F ragments of riultipleP urpose<br />
Bombs Aimed at Targets of Varying Res i stance in<br />
.<br />
Comparison with SD 10 's ( Rqeasured in reters ) .<br />
N um ber of<br />
Penetrations<br />
rPr Square<br />
'<br />
T • e t er o f Tar g e t SD SD SD SD SD SD<br />
Ar ea 10 50 i0 250 SOOA 1000A<br />
TJo .<br />
o f<br />
Fragments<br />
loo D* 0 2 . 9 . 9 5 . 0 5 . 5 5 $ .<br />
• 5o D* 0 3 .<br />
6 4 .<br />
6 7 . 0 .<br />
z 9 .<br />
0<br />
1 D` 0 .<br />
0 11 .<br />
0 1 .<br />
2 22 _<br />
0 25 .<br />
0<br />
1 c * 5 17 .<br />
0 1 .<br />
2 2 .<br />
0 35 .<br />
0 + o .<br />
o<br />
1 B* 18 zo zz 33 44 56<br />
1 A* j 2 +5 60 ii0 05<br />
Footnote : The siRnigificauce of the letters with asteri s ks in<br />
th e second col»mn is as follows :<br />
.<br />
Tar et A ' --<br />
live<br />
targets<br />
" B* -- light ,<br />
inanima te tarbets ;<br />
" C* -- mediw n-resistance offeriug ,<br />
inanị mate<br />
tar ets ; and<br />
" D* -- hesistant ,<br />
i nima te targets.<br />
For Pxamples , see text on pp .<br />
34 -<br />
j .<br />
Th e most effective ca lib er bombs are underscored in the abov table.<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- +-<br />
Tabl e 19 : Times of Fall in Seconds at a Fli ht Sp eed of 250<br />
Mi l e s pe r io ur<br />
Drop<br />
ltitude<br />
N3eters<br />
Types of 8ombe<br />
AB ,<br />
hC ,<br />
EM ,<br />
SB SC ,<br />
SD SC ,<br />
SD PC ,<br />
PD<br />
NC , etc ,<br />
j0 -<br />
500 1000 -<br />
20U0<br />
1 ,<br />
000 15 .<br />
5 15 .<br />
0 1 .<br />
7 1 .<br />
b 1 .<br />
5<br />
2 ,<br />
OOG 21 .<br />
9 21 .<br />
4 20 .<br />
9 20 .<br />
8 20 .<br />
7<br />
3 ,<br />
000 27 .<br />
0 2b .<br />
25 •<br />
9 25 .<br />
7 25 •<br />
5<br />
4 ,<br />
000 31 .<br />
2 0 .<br />
6 30 .<br />
1 29 .<br />
9 29 .<br />
7<br />
5 ,<br />
Ou0 34 .<br />
34 •<br />
3 33 .<br />
>3 .<br />
6 33 .<br />
3<br />
6 ,<br />
000 3o . u 3? .<br />
4 37 .<br />
2 37 .<br />
0 3b .<br />
o<br />
7 ,<br />
Ooo 41 . + 40 .<br />
7 40 .<br />
3 +0 .<br />
1 39 .<br />
9<br />
'<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- ti 5 -<br />
Ta bl e 0 : 'r i f t Re a di n s i n Pe r c eiit a e of A1 i t u c i ES o f r a l l<br />
_ ___ ..<br />
f or Iii f f e r ei l t T y pe F of i omLs<br />
altit»de I I `<br />
o f l r vP ; I<br />
(in ieet ) i<br />
,<br />
.<br />
, !<br />
l a dUU A<br />
, ,<br />
KC B'r1 ,<br />
S SC ,<br />
SD ` SC ,<br />
SL YC ,<br />
FD<br />
' TuG , :: t c 5U . -<br />
50 0 1 0 0 0 --<br />
'<br />
ZOUG<br />
, 1 , _ i ._ - - _<br />
, oo ! B , c 1i , s sc , sv sc , sv<br />
. j<br />
50<br />
'<br />
-<br />
>OU ' c8 FC ,<br />
PIi<br />
;<br />
, o U0 ` A<br />
, ri C i sl i ,<br />
S<br />
, C SL<br />
,<br />
SC ,<br />
JL ' f<br />
Iyi , e t c .<br />
, 0 - 7 GU 1 u0 0 - 2 GJ 0 FD<br />
'<br />
; .<br />
,<br />
......_._ _ r<br />
,<br />
,<br />
•<br />
;<br />
,<br />
;<br />
,<br />
Fl i o h t f<br />
`<br />
S FEe ds { :<br />
, j<br />
( i n n i l e s ) ; i<br />
iyo 5 ,<br />
.<br />
7 ! 5 6 .<br />
5 .<br />
5 7 .<br />
5<br />
i<br />
. 7 • ' 5• 4 5 •<br />
3<br />
,<br />
z5o ;<br />
1 . o ; : . . 7 : . 1 f b .<br />
; 7 .<br />
o b .<br />
3<br />
. - i j 1U 1 - -<br />
; - -<br />
. 1 . 3 _ .<br />
12<br />
, .<br />
i l b 10 . .<br />
10 .<br />
1<br />
_ _<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
- 96 -<br />
D .<br />
The Effect of 8omb s on Naval V esee ls<br />
Illustra tion<br />
22 : Comparison of the Various Types of Bombs<br />
_ ..<br />
Th e differences in th e results obtaiṇe d by high - explosive ,<br />
armor-penetrating , and armor-piercing bowbB of the same caliber<br />
can best be illustrated by taking<br />
th e exanple of three different<br />
types of naval vessels. Ill ustration 22 shows three British war<br />
•<br />
ships which were beino attack ed with SC 1000 PC 1000 , , and PC<br />
1000RS bombs. Th e disrup ti ve strength v f th ese bombs has been<br />
establieh ed a fter test drope as capability to pen etratP 4 0 - mm ,<br />
100 - mm , and 180 - rnm armored plate , respectivelg ; the quality of<br />
the armor was "Yh" with a t enBile<br />
streng th of about 220 lbs per<br />
square milimeter .<br />
The distances for<br />
the effectiveness of underwater<br />
explosions of near mi sses rere taken from reports on G erman Navy tests.<br />
Type of Ship & ttleship Old Battleship Heavy Cruiser<br />
Name of 8 hi p "Ne l s on " "Qu e e n El i z a h t h " "D ±r s pt s hi .<br />
r e "<br />
L aun c h e d i .<br />
n 1 92 5 1 91 3 92 9<br />
rlfei rh t ( i n r eg .<br />
t ons ) 33 ,<br />
9 00 30 60 0 .<br />
9 9 7 5 ,<br />
Crew ( io . of personn el ) 1 ,<br />
320 1 150 ,<br />
680<br />
Ma . x .<br />
Speed (in knots ) 23 5 .<br />
24 32 .<br />
2<br />
Length (in m ters ) 216 195 180<br />
width (in meters ) 32 .<br />
3 31 .<br />
7 20<br />
Draugrt (in meters ) .<br />
l 9 •<br />
3 5 •<br />
2<br />
Sur face of Deck (in squ . m ) 5 200 ,<br />
4 500 ,<br />
2 ,<br />
800<br />
Horizontal Protection 30+10+159 Z5+37+51 mm 20+10+ 3U (?6? )<br />
Equiva l ent Deck * 170 85 40 (80?) -<br />
t9x +o 6 . cm L45<br />
( S x33 .<br />
lcm L42 8 x 10 .<br />
2cm L4<br />
12x15cm L50 12 x 11 4 , cm L40<br />
(6 x 12cm L40<br />
Footnote : Th e "Equivalen t Deck*" has been calculated according to the<br />
- i s f or mul a o f dP Mar r e f r om r e s i s t a nc ep f a c t o rs o f t h e<br />
various decks .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
_ y _<br />
In illustrd ti on 2z th e "e fective tar et surface" offered by any<br />
ship to a specific boiub is indicated in percenta es of the surface<br />
of the deck .<br />
The effective target surface is a composite fi ure<br />
of deck and tar et surtace ,<br />
the latter extending all around th e<br />
ship lik e a b elt .<br />
One sin le hit of the proper bomb can produce<br />
t h e s i nki u o f the a t t a c i e d ve s s e l .<br />
The 'bffective tar et surface" is simultaneously a means of<br />
S<br />
m easuring the vulnerability of a s hip to a specific bomb .<br />
I'h e<br />
objective plane around th e s hi p is al so desi6na ted " en lar ed tar ;et , .<br />
"<br />
Th e ni g S ? T4 Y Y<br />
_<br />
xft x cgs g i n I l l us t r a t i o n 2 2 i a r e -<br />
' e ffective targ et areas" o f the s h ips<br />
s ho w» i n r e r c o l o r a r, d d e s i ua t e t er e f o r e h e po i nt s wh er e t h e<br />
bomb would have to hit in order to sink<br />
tue snip with a direct<br />
hit or near aiss . A reas colored in reen indica te serious da:a e s ,<br />
and ,<br />
yel ow areas show 1i;h t dama .<br />
es .<br />
Several hits in tn e " enl aroed , reeṛ tar ;<br />
;et area" can also<br />
i<br />
pr o duc e a s i ni i ng ,<br />
bu t 't lii s r e 5 u l t v i l l a epend l a r e l y ou t h e<br />
subdivisions of<br />
Lhe ship into waterti ii t parts separated by transv<br />
er s e Uul k ' ea ds an a l or ḥ i t udi na l b ul Eth ea ds . '1'hi s i s t h e raa i .<br />
n r ea s o n<br />
why warships frou cruisers on up should also be attacked with<br />
high - explosive uo nbs , even thou h the sinkin of suc h vessels by<br />
a sin l e hi h - explosive bamus ,<br />
h.wever l arbe it u ay be , seems<br />
improb a ble .<br />
A bomb capable of penetration into a vessel vrill<br />
always be selected on<br />
th e basis of its capability to pierce the<br />
s zr on ,<br />
e s t a r mor e d ; l a t e oti dec k o f th e ve s s e l .<br />
Si a c e li owe ver t n e •<br />
hor i z ont a l pr o t e c t i o n of cna j o r wa r s l-ii ps i s f or me d by s e ve r al<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958<br />
,<br />
. _ 9g , _ - ,<br />
decl s ,<br />
-<br />
t he dr op al t i t ude vroul d hav e t o be s o hi $h that t he bomb i<br />
por t hi s<br />
c oul d r ea ch bel orr t he l owes ;t ar mor e d d eck be f or e i t e cp Z vde d .<br />
.<br />
pur pos e t h e r e8 i s t anc e o f f ®r e d bg ea ah i ndi vi d ia] de . ck<br />
i s c al e ul a t e d a c c or di ng t o de 'iaurr e ' s f o r mu l a f or pe ne t r a t i I<br />
ng '<br />
_ •<br />
armor and theete figures are added up so that a so-call®d<br />
armor-<br />
i<br />
"e qui r al en t deck'1 v ṭ l . ue i s e s t abl i s he d f o r e ver y pro t a c t ed Fe s s l ,<br />
'<br />
rhi ah i s i ndi cat e d<br />
.<br />
s epar a t e l y .<br />
-<br />
according to Ill ustration 22 th e "effeotiva targa , areas n<br />
aniount<br />
f or<br />
a. S<br />
_ 10 Q t o 3 percent f or the "Doreetshire " , -<br />
I<br />
,<br />
'<br />
0 p er c ent f or t h e 11Queen El jịzabe t h N<br />
, , as d<br />
.<br />
0 parc eat for the "Neleon"<br />
.<br />
b rP<br />
l t .., o 6 0 p er c e nt f or th e "Dor e e t shi r e " , •<br />
.` _<br />
lb porcen t for the "Queea Eliza b eth , and<br />
.<br />
,<br />
0 p er c e n t f or t h e 11Ne l s o n" .<br />
c .<br />
PC 10 00B t o 2 7 per c ent f or t he "Dor s e t s ti r e " ,<br />
26 percen t or the "Q ueea ]ị zabethn , and<br />
13 per c ent or t he "nel s on it .<br />
E va luation<br />
a .<br />
i 1 0 00 - - or il .<br />
y t he "Dor s e t s h i r e t wi l l be s e nk , a n d t ha t eta i ml ,<br />
y -<br />
.<br />
t hr ou h t h e ,<br />
e f f e c t o f ne a r mi s s e e .<br />
b . pC l OQO - - The over - al l ef f ec t on t h e "Dor s e t ahi r e n i s e mal l er<br />
.<br />
than by usit g SC 1000 , al though the PC 1400 won ld<br />
-<br />
pierce .<br />
the superstructure "Citadellen 4) at the<br />
.<br />
extreme thir ,<br />
c o f its w i dth and open a ap in th e<br />
- ,<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 99 -<br />
outer wall of the ship .<br />
ihe " ueen Elizabeth" could be destro ,<br />
yed by a<br />
direct hit in<br />
i t s a nununi t i on s ḳ r o otus .<br />
fi o we v e r ,<br />
t he t ur r e t s pr o, e r , ri t h t he i r<br />
h ea vy guns an d th eir rockers ar, d gun nounts , offer insurmountable<br />
r es i s t a nc e t o a bo r b .<br />
Al t ?lo u; h t h ey vroul ci be c o np l e t e l y neu t r a l i z e d ,<br />
t h e y :vo u l d p r o t e c t t h e i:r a a s f e r r o o ms a n d t h e a nmun i t i o n a t t h e '<br />
un .<br />
The PC 1000 would also pen etra te the turret covers of the<br />
"Ne l son" ,<br />
but not the arnor-plated deck ; tre effect of near . sses<br />
would be minor .<br />
On the other hand ,<br />
th e high - ex plosive bomb would<br />
a t least cause li ht d ages under water .<br />
c .<br />
PC 1000 .<br />
The effective tar et area of he armor-piercin bom b is<br />
_ __._.<br />
f a r s t a l l e r t hai t h3 t o f t he SC 1 00 0 a n d PC1 0 0 0 .<br />
On the oth er hand ,<br />
the "Ne l son" could be destroyed<br />
by hi t s i n t h e f or war d or r ea r a :amu;l i t i o n r ooms , an d<br />
t h e " ue e n 1' l i aa be t h " a l s o by hi t s i n t li e t ur r e t .<br />
The effective tar et drea would be rea ter<br />
than for<br />
t h e PC 1 0 0 0 .<br />
S unu a r y<br />
n th e as sum p tion th a t on ly bem bs wei h in 2 ,<br />
2 00 pounds a re<br />
a k e n i n t o c o ns i d e r a t i o n ,<br />
t h e ao s t e f f e c t i v e ne t li o d t o a t t a c k<br />
th e "D ors etsh ir e " wou ld b e by as i n h i h - ex plosi ve SC 1000<br />
b om b s , w h er ea s th e d es t r u cti on o f th e "l e l s on " cou l d b e ac hi eve d<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
T H IS PAG E D EC LA SSIFIED IAW E 12958<br />
- loo -<br />
onl y by employing the arm or-piercin FC 1000RS bomb .<br />
Th e PC<br />
1000RS also has the greatest ch ances o f sinking the<br />
.<br />
"$ueen Elizabeth" ,<br />
but its high penetrative szss<br />
capability of<br />
180 - mm armor-plate steel is not actually needed to deal a deathly<br />
blow to the ia cxpxmt old vessel that is so badly protected<br />
against bombs .<br />
Th e penetrative pow er of the PC 1000 , which i s 100 - mm ,<br />
•<br />
is fully satisfactory for<br />
the "Queen Elizabeth't , excegt that the<br />
exp l osive char e of 352 lbs does not suffice to tear the ship apart .<br />
To destroy the innate strength<br />
of a warship ,<br />
the bomb that penetrates<br />
below<br />
deck would have to contain a quantity of explos i ves<br />
equivalent to o . ol per thousand of the water displac®m ent .<br />
In<br />
the case of the " ueen El izabeth" thi s wou ld amount to 66 0 pounds ,<br />
and for the "Dorsetshir e" some 220 lbs of explosives Would be needed .<br />
Th e armor-piercing PC 1400 an d PC 500 contain that much<br />
explos ve<br />
matter .<br />
The l a tter bomb rvould suffice ,<br />
if it was ma de of ordinary<br />
nonalloy steel ,<br />
in which case it would be desigaated SD 500B .<br />
(It<br />
is not to be conf use d rrith the SD 5a0A , which is a multiple-purpose<br />
bomb for achieving high fragmentation effpct .<br />
)<br />
To i xidcsx t explode tbe ammunition romms of a<br />
s hi p it is<br />
ufficien t to use an explosive charge of 11A - 220 lbs , according<br />
to experiencP factors .<br />
Th e PC 500RS and PD 500 can<br />
therefore aot<br />
be considered as standard bombs for this purpose since they contain<br />
orly 27 .<br />
5 and 63 .<br />
8 lbs of uplosives , respectivply .<br />
The PC 18®ORS ,<br />
°-i t h i t e + 8 + l bs of compr es 6e d hi g h - pe r f ormanc e expl oe i ves , c or r s s ponds<br />
to th e PC 1400 vtith its 66 0 lbs of normal explosives ,<br />
b»t when its<br />
iṃpac t resistan ce strength was tes t ed on a ranite surface ,<br />
doubts<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958
TH IS PA G E D E CLA SSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
- l ol -<br />
in the penetrative capability of the PC 1800 RS (then designated<br />
PC 1 600 because it was without a rocket attachm ent) arose; these<br />
'efici encies led to the withdrawa l f rom produc 'ion of this bomb<br />
(See Illustratioa 21a 1 .<br />
Table 23 : Extlosive Effect of Bombs ( See also Illustration 52 )<br />
-<br />
The table contains<br />
figures concern ing the " ee f ective targe t<br />
areas " and the distanc es of near misses for all categories of<br />
• bombs tha t can possibly be employed for attacks on fl oating targets .<br />
I n d d i t i on t o t h e pr e v i ou s l y me n t i on e d Br i t i s h s h i ' is ,<br />
t h e f ol l owi n g<br />
Ru s s i a n ve s e e l s Re r e t a k e n Ln t o c on s i d er a t i o +:<br />
Tyne of Ship Destroyer Fast Cruiser Old Battleship<br />
Na me o f Sh i p " S t r i lnị t e l n i " " Ki r ow" "Ga n g u t "<br />
L aunc hed in 1936 1 36 1911<br />
Weight (in reg . t ons ) 1 , 8 00 ,<br />
800 23 ,<br />
300<br />
Max .<br />
Speed (in knots ) 37 33 23<br />
' Len th (in metere ) 120 1 83 181<br />
S<br />
Wi th (in meters ) 12 1 $ 2b .<br />
5<br />
Draugh t (in meters ) --<br />
6 • --<br />
Surf ace o f Decks ( in sq met)1 ,<br />
200 2 ,<br />
700 3 ,<br />
$00<br />
Hor i z o n t a l Pr o t e c t i on 1 0 + 1 0 r . m 1 0 e 1 U+5 0 n m 2 0+5 +7 6 mm<br />
Equiva l nt Deck 1 6 55<br />
85<br />
G uns ( calibers i n mm ) 4 130 9 180 1? 305 L 52<br />
16 11 .<br />
4<br />
* According to the arm or-piercir formula of De Marre .<br />
Evaluation .<br />
According to thi s table th e f ollowing caliber bombs ,<br />
e c or l i ng i n d i v i du al ! i t s h a v e t h e gr ea t e s t cha n c e s o f s i n k i n g s h i p s :<br />
"Nelson" (? ) w ith PC 1000 RS --<br />
13 percent ;<br />
"aueen Eliz . " (?) PC 1 +00 -- 4$ percent ; and<br />
"Dorsetshire"(? ) SD 1700 -- 152 percent .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 1 -<br />
i u e c o,npa r i s on wi t h s n;a l l e r t ol: b s we i ; ; hi ng l e s s t ha n 2 ,<br />
20 0 l b s<br />
s h o ws ,<br />
ho yve v er i , n t i e c a e o f t he "Ki r ow" t l a t t h e e f f e c t i v e<br />
o f 2 5 f:e r c en t<br />
tar ;et area f or SC y00 bombs conUists only cf "enlar;;ed tar et"<br />
because the yenetrative streng th of th e bou, b a oes not suffice to<br />
c r ack t l e hor i z o ut al pr o t e c t i o i .<br />
I n a ddi t i on ,<br />
t he SC 5 U - SC 5 U0<br />
bombs employed abai nst navai tar ets are fill e d with tric?lorethylene<br />
which : as par ticularly strong pr essure effect under tivater<br />
•<br />
but is not suockproof .<br />
Th e SD 500D , which is filled w ith norral explosives, con tains<br />
far less explosives that the SC 500 an d can therefore sink cruisers<br />
onl y by di r e c t hi t ,<br />
f o r wh i c h pur po s e r o :ve ve r t h e bor b ha s an<br />
effective target surface of 50 percent at its disposal .<br />
The SD 5008 can<br />
therefore be considered as the rroper type of<br />
bo nb a nd t h e pr o r e r c al i ber f o r a t t a c ks on c r ui s e r s di s , l ac i ng<br />
.<br />
from , OOG t o 10 ,<br />
000 tons , aud also for an attacis on the "Dorset -<br />
^hi r e " , n;a i n l y be ca us e t l e t hi c k e s 5 o f i h e a r c;or - pl a t i n ; pr o t e c t i i g<br />
the ammunition rooms or .<br />
tuis ship is not reliable , msasurin only<br />
6 Lun . •<br />
ìhe circumstances ar e reversed in tne case of destroyers .<br />
Th e<br />
SD 70 ,vould h ave an<br />
e ff ect ive taro et area of 0 percent if it<br />
s c or dd a cii r e c t i t , s o t ha t e v er y li i t s c or e d an y wl re r e on boa r d<br />
s hi p Px c e pt i:h e f or wa r d ; n d ex t r e ue r e a r wou l d l ea d t o a s i r i n .<br />
owever , artime experieuce has s h ouvn<br />
tha t destroyers are very<br />
maneuverable .<br />
For this reason it is best co a ttack them with SC 250 's<br />
;vhose e ff ec ti ve ran e un der water is considerable because of th e<br />
relatively weak hull protecting tne delicate en ;ine mechanism of<br />
destroyer-. F roru a tactical viewpoint one musc also coiisider cuat<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958<br />
- 103 -<br />
,<br />
bombers operate most effectively when loaded with bombs wei hiṇg<br />
from 550 to 1 ,<br />
1U0 1bs . F or space reasons i t is not possible to<br />
fully load aircra ft with small^r caliber bombs, and loading them<br />
with very h eavy bombs usua ll y reduces their range If .<br />
the SC Z000<br />
i<br />
exploded near the side of the " uEen Elizabeth" -- by accident --<br />
it would have the same e ff ective target area ae<br />
th e PC 1000 hitting<br />
the deck<br />
of that s hi p .<br />
Th e SD 1?00 ,<br />
however , would prob R l y succeed<br />
•<br />
i n pene trating this same s hi p dvwn to the lower arrnor-plated deck .<br />
As explained in the first part of this study in the section<br />
dea li ṇb with genera l prin cipl es overn i ug a ttacks on naval targeta ,<br />
large warships should always be atta c: ed simultaseously with 'igh -<br />
explosive and e rmor-piercir bombs in<br />
order to produce dama es<br />
below th e wa ter line with the hi h explosives .<br />
In a ttacks on nodern battleships and large aircraft carri ers<br />
i t was u su a ll y aas t a ppropr i a te to em pl oy SC 2 000 bom b s an d d rop<br />
th em ei th er fr om h igh a l ti tu des or ,<br />
if cir cums t an c -s p ermi tted ,<br />
i n l ow - l e ve l a tt a ck s or su rpri s e g l id es ou t of low cl ou d s .<br />
Th e<br />
SC lo oo is v f su ffici en t effec t aga ins t crui s er s .<br />
Th e S D 1 700<br />
as u sed wh en th e poss ibili ty ex i s t e d th a t on e cou l d p en e t ra t e<br />
d e eper i n t o th e s h ip as w i th a n SC 2000 ,<br />
tha t i s t o say eBp ec ia ll y<br />
in th e ca s e of th e ol d er type ba ttle sh ips an d a ir cr a ft carri er s<br />
u p to 2 5 , 0 00 - t on d i sp l a cem en t .<br />
iow ever , a rm or -pi er c in g b ombs wo d<br />
b e p r e f e r r a b l e f o r a t t a c ks o n a r mo r - pl a t e d s h i ps ; t h e y ro u l d h a v e<br />
to form t wo- th i rds of th e an mu n i ti on employ e d , wh il e th e res t w ou l d<br />
b e airc rA ft tor pe do es and h i g h - exp l os i v e b omb s .<br />
far tim e exper i en ce<br />
ha s s h ow n th a t th e sm a ll an d m edium hi g h - exp l os i ve b om b s h a d l i ttl e<br />
A<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 104 -<br />
e f f e c t ou oa t t l e s h i ps .<br />
Th e o l d R us s i an ba t t l es h i N "Oang u t " :na d<br />
s ur v i v e d nu:aer o us h i t s by SC 2 5 0 a ud SC5 0 0 G04lbs f i l l ed ni t h nor raa l<br />
explosives without h av iua su ff ered any dpparent ma j or damades .<br />
A fter<br />
a P'C l uOU h i t i<br />
s<br />
de c ,<br />
trowe v e r ,<br />
t h e s Li p s a ilk .<br />
e wou l d hav e be e n<br />
c ompl e t el y de s t r oy e d ,<br />
]ia d i ic s h e be en l i t b y a FC 1 + uU .<br />
Ev en t ti o ug h<br />
t h e 's"C 1 Ot7RS wo ul d ha v e : or e chan c e s t o s i u t h e "+u e en El i z a b e t h "<br />
t hau t lie PC 1 t0 U Lomt<br />
,<br />
i Ls 1,e ne Lr a Li e i: o wer wo ul 'a no i b e f ul l y<br />
_ us ed be c a us e o i i i s =•r a t e r . ve i b•r t .<br />
Th e mo de r n I t a i i a n ba t t l e s n:i p<br />
"Roma " , Ni ,o s e [ c c i z c ac s d ia i i c e cis wa s pr o t e c t e d by 12 7 - mrn o f<br />
a r mo r l a t i n ; wa s s un l: by a di r e c z hi t .<br />
I t s : o ul d be s pe c i al l y<br />
me nt i one a t r , a t a l l SC ,<br />
SD , an d PC bowus s ;i oul u be e qui ppe d rri t h<br />
h e a d r i n s f o r hi i - a l t i t ude a t t a cks o n s ii i ps ; t;l .e i r met lao d o f<br />
o laer a t i on can be s e en i n i l l us t r a t i on 4 l .<br />
li i ; li- ex l l os i v e bombs<br />
• us e u f or l o w - l e v e l a t t a c ks s :ro ui be e qui pe d , ri t h bounc e di s s .<br />
Iable 4 ; Penetration yer formances<br />
Th e t a i:i s t i c s o n t h i s t a b l e s h o : r ;t h a i t h e 4l o rsz o ri t a l pr o t e c t i o n<br />
o f c a j o r wa r fi h ps a n d t h e rno s t e f f e c t i v e t y p e s f b o m b s f o a t t a c k<br />
o f s p e c i f i c s h i p s .<br />
Th e a r uo r - p i e r c i ii ; F D 1 0 'v a n d FD 2 j U0 X b o mb s ,<br />
Lh e l a tter con troll e d froca th e rear , r r e u sed a a in s t n ew sh ips<br />
i n t r o du c Pd d ur i n t h e wa r z .<br />
I n a d d t i o r<br />
t o t i e o o ui h s t h a t r e r e :Ji t h -<br />
d r a wu i r o m pr o uu c t i o n a n d t h a t h a v e a 1 r e a d y 'r, e e r ae u t i o n e d ,<br />
t h e<br />
FL l OUV sva s r e p l a c e d by t h e S D 1 0 0 0 A bo b w i i c h c o u l d b e u s e d f o r<br />
u o r e o e n e r a l p ur p o s e s a Ci ci y111 .<br />
Ch wa z Lla l u f a Ct ur e d f r o m n o n a l l o y<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- l 05 -<br />
s t e el an d c o nt a i n e d mo r e ex pl o : i ve s t l.an t l le f or me r .<br />
Th e max i mum<br />
l . enetrative power inaicated in the colu:n head "S " in that table ,<br />
the bomb proper would remain intact under a11 circurstances . A $<br />
to the number oi hits<br />
tha t were actua ll y reedeu for sink in a<br />
ertain warship ,<br />
th e data callected in aii thaaters of war provide<br />
a certain amount of informa ti on .<br />
•<br />
Th e f a c t or a f ho r ma ny t ons o f wa rs iii p di s pl a c ement ( we i h t<br />
an d •°a t e r di s pl a c ement ) c oul d be s unk i n a ṇ a v e r a ; e w i t h on e t on<br />
.<br />
ot ammunition tiat hit the t arge t vras i o be esta bli sh e d .<br />
For<br />
this purpose th e ammunition was ca l c •lated accordin to<br />
t h e f ol l o uui n ; we i gh t c a t eg or i e s :<br />
Gr ena de s 2 0 0 - mm - -<br />
2 0 l bs ; 2 u - nm - -<br />
c b0 l bs ,<br />
4 00 - rar i - - 2 ,<br />
2 0 0 l bs .<br />
Bonbs : accordin to their c libera which indicated their weights ,<br />
with out differentiatin between t'r . eir charges .<br />
To r pe do e s : ' + - 5 o - rarn - -<br />
2 ,<br />
2 00 l bs ; 54U - mrn - - Z7<br />
, 5 20 l b s ; 6 10 - m - -<br />
+ ,<br />
40 0 l b s ; c j pe r c e n c :: o r e i o r t o r pecio es r i t h<br />
di s t an c e ni s t ol s .<br />
Flod ti ng Miu es : 2 , Z00 lb s.<br />
Results<br />
Battleshi as : alto;ether 15 ships with an avera ;e a e of 17 years<br />
were incor ,orated in the table .<br />
rith 1 ton of bombs or grenades ,<br />
uuu ons (u sl:ips ) were sunk ;<br />
F i t h 1 t on of t o r pe do e s a ,<br />
5 0 t o ns ( ; s h i ps } we r t s unk .<br />
A ccordingly ,<br />
the modern Lattleship "Kin ,<br />
; eor_P V" ,<br />
displ ac in -<br />
3 5 ,<br />
OU0 t o ns , c oul d no ti be s unk unl es s h i .<br />
cli r e c t l y b ; 4 PD 1 0 0 0<br />
bombs or 4 hits scored by dircra ft torpedoes.<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
TH IS PA G E D E CLA SSIFIED IAW E Q 129 8<br />
- o -<br />
Ai r c r a f t Ca r r i e r l i:o ;<br />
; e t h e r l c a i r c r r i i ca r r i e r s , : v e r a i n c<br />
y ca r s of a ;e , lre r e .<br />
n c l u d e d i il t h e s ca t i :; t i c s .<br />
Cn e t o r, o l , omba c o ul d : i r x l j ,<br />
u u t ora ( i i p s ) , wi i l e 1 ' co ii<br />
0 1 ti o r p e a o es Ua nk 'i ,<br />
l U t oi. (1 1 : t1l ps ) .<br />
n a _ r r a f t c a r r i e r o i t;i e t r i .<br />
i ;:i " i a uo 7ri hl e " s i e ivo ul d La e r e-<br />
f or e h a v e t o r e c e i vt t t ro u i r e c z i i t o f Sv 1 U0 or 3 a i r cr a f t<br />
:c r p e d o Yii t s L•e i'o r e i t vro u l d s i nk .<br />
i ii i s h o tiv t h e vu l u er•a bi l i t y<br />
•<br />
o f t n i ;; i:y pe o z ve s s el t o bou,'os , e v e n i f t iit ; h i p a r e r: ocier n .<br />
C x u i U e r s : I irc l u c e u i l t i e s t a t i s t i c : ,r r E j : : i y s , :a i n i v Yi e a v y<br />
c r u i s e r s , '.r i i o s e a v e r a ;<br />
; e a ; e 'rra s '1 '1 y e a r s .<br />
: i t :. 1 t o n Ot L' G21LS o r<br />
, r e n a d e s<br />
, o UJ c o zis ( 1 C s h i p s ) r, e r e s u z x ,<br />
tiv n i l e 1 t o u o i t o r p e d o z : s a n k<br />
, j 5 U t o n :; a , i } s ) .<br />
TLe " y o r s e t : h i r e " c u1 1 t il er e f c --i: :°a v n e d e a .<br />
t o r e c ei vc Y .<br />
•<br />
d i r e c t h i t s o i Sli 5G0 B o r 4 t or F e d o c s o f + U - rnr e 3 c h 'c e f or e .<br />
t<br />
ro a l d s i ilx .<br />
h e r e a t er ca p a k i .<br />
l i t y o f c r u i s e r s t o r es i s t :i i t s a b ove a n d<br />
p a r t i cu i a r l y b e l o,d t h e :ṟa t e r l i n e wa s j r oLa Ul y Lo b e a t i r i b u t e d t o<br />
't;il e f a r l es s e r a v e r a ; e a e o f t a e c r u i s er s t Ỵ .<br />
n t hd t o f t r . e<br />
b a t l e h i p 5 .<br />
1' i e o v e r - a l l<br />
, a v e r a o e f i ; u r e s f a r a l l i s l i ,s t o ; e t li e r a r e :<br />
'JJi t l i t o n o f b o nb s o r r n a i e s<br />
, ' , ` t o i<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 07 -<br />
Tabl e z3 : "E ff ective Tarbet Area " i n Fercentages o ' the lecb<br />
of Various Ǹarsaipb for All iypes of Bombs<br />
( Distances in Pieters<br />
"Stremiteliiij" "Kirow" "Ganout"<br />
Types of<br />
Boubs a .<br />
b , c .<br />
d . a .<br />
b . c .<br />
d . a ,<br />
b , c .<br />
d .<br />
SD 7G u 3 -<br />
80 5 - - - 3 - - -<br />
sc 250 15 5 3 120 8 3 - -<br />
5 - - -<br />
sc 500 } 26 10 5 163 iz 3 3 25 l0 3 - -<br />
SD 5 0 0B 1 2 } 2 y G b 2 -<br />
6 2 - -<br />
- " D orsetshire" " ueen Elizabeth" "Tlelson"<br />
Ty pe s o f<br />
Bombs a .<br />
b . c ,<br />
d . a .<br />
b , c .<br />
d . a ,<br />
b , c .<br />
d .<br />
sc looo l0 7 .<br />
5 4 .<br />
5 3 1z .<br />
5 5 .<br />
5 - - 11 .<br />
o Y .<br />
5 - -<br />
pc l oo0 12 4 .<br />
o z .<br />
5 60 3 .<br />
0 - - 16 S .<br />
o - - -<br />
r c l ooor 9 - - z 7 - - - 26<br />
- - - i 3<br />
PC 1400 5 5 3 125 11 .<br />
5 5 -<br />
40 l0 4<br />
- -<br />
sD 1700 20 8 5 152 16 .<br />
5 u .<br />
5 - 31 15 5 - -<br />
S<br />
SC 2000 24 10 6 100 20 3 j ?0 17 b<br />
- -<br />
PC 18ooRS 15 5 3 125 12 6<br />
- 57 12 5 - 13<br />
Footnote : a . d es i gna tes dist ance for libht atflages ;<br />
b .<br />
designates 'istance f or heavy da:ages ;<br />
c ,<br />
designates c ii s tances ior 5 i nking ; and<br />
d i . s th e " ef fective tar e t a r ea 't for s i nk ing an d i s ix<br />
ex pr ess ed in oercen t dg eb o f tb ẹ deck sur fa ce o f th e<br />
corr esp on ding sh ip . `1'h e effe c cive ta r et ar ea i s a<br />
c o mpo s i t e f i ;u r e d e r i v e d f r o ; t u e s u r f a c e o f t h e d e c k<br />
+ For the effect produo ed b ,<br />
y the SC 500I on Russian shius , see<br />
the illustration io . 52 . Th e data given with redard t o the ' ueen<br />
Eliza b eth" are also va lid f or<br />
the "Ganbut .<br />
't The most effective bomb<br />
i s t h e t C 1 40 0 .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- io 8 -<br />
pl us t h e s t r i p a l on ; ; t lze c en t r al pa r t o f t he s lii p wll e r e a nea r -<br />
miss produced a s_nk ị ng ,<br />
if it occurs imm ediately on<br />
the s id c: of<br />
t h e s hi :.<br />
Th e "effective tar? et ar ea" is underscored in<br />
the case ol'<br />
the nost effeetivc bombs showU in the taUle .<br />
The rlistances and<br />
e f f e c t i v e t ag e t - r e a i i ;ur e s a r e p r a c t i c a l l f t he s arne f or t he<br />
"Dorsetshire" and the "Kirow" , an d the tue raost suitable botb<br />
• for this type of ship is the SD 00 3 .<br />
•<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 1Qy -<br />
Table 24 : Horizontal Protection of LarBe farships ,<br />
Bombs<br />
C a p a bl e o f Pe n e r a t i n , a n d lii n i mur Dr op Le v e l s<br />
Sh i p s<br />
Th i c kn e s s o f<br />
b omb , 5<br />
Dr o p<br />
Armor- Fl ate<br />
Level<br />
o f De ck ( ) i n 1 UUU ,<br />
I ie t er s<br />
Ob s er va t i ons<br />
"Dorsetsh:ịre " 2G +10+3G(i6)* SD 50G B e0 2 .<br />
0 i i h - level<br />
10 ,<br />
000 tons equiv . +5 (00) lSD lOuJA aG 1 .<br />
5) or dive<br />
"Furious" 20+5+ j +70 SD lOUJA G 1 .<br />
3 " "<br />
Z2 ,<br />
70 tons equ i v, 0 0<br />
• " ueen Eliz .<br />
" 2j+37+51 PC 1 + 00 13u l .<br />
b " "<br />
30 ,<br />
600 tons equiv .<br />
j<br />
" Dunk e r qu e " 2 0 +i c +1 2 3 + j 0<br />
( PC 1 Gv ORS i 3 0 1 2 .<br />
Di vi n g<br />
20 .<br />
300 tons equiv .<br />
ldu PC 14u0 130 4 2 . a ttack<br />
"lvelson"<br />
3U+10+15)<br />
( PC lUOURS 1 0 1 2 .<br />
Divin<br />
3 3 ,<br />
y0 o t on s e c ui v .<br />
1 70 Py 1 J U0 1 t30 4 .<br />
5 a t t a c k<br />
Mo d er n ii ea vy 3 0 +10 + 4 u SD j UOB 0 2 .<br />
3 Ni ; h - l e v el<br />
Cruiser equiv . 6 5 or dive<br />
10 ,<br />
000 tons<br />
r2odern British lO+jU+l0+1b0<br />
( PC 1000 5 l 00 l z .<br />
Diving<br />
Battleship equiv . 175 PD 1U00 1 G + 7 . a ttack<br />
5 000 ,<br />
tons<br />
•<br />
rlo de r r.<br />
Br i t i s h 1 0 + 1 0 +2 3 +1 0 + i 0 a D 1 J OOA 0 1 .<br />
7 Bi Uh -<br />
l e v el<br />
Aircraft Carrier +50 -- equiv , or dive<br />
23 Ov0 ,<br />
tons to 0<br />
rioder : . wer i ca u l 0 + 1 fi 0 + 5Q<br />
( PD 1 7UU l i j .<br />
2<br />
3a t t e sh} p e ui v .<br />
J F6 PC 1b00 1 0 4 _ .<br />
0<br />
3 ,<br />
a o<br />
"Van uard" io + 15?+125 PD 230UX 23u 3 .<br />
9 )<br />
Armor-<br />
42 ,<br />
500 tons ecuiv . 230 ) piercin<br />
bomb with<br />
"Iowa " 10 +190 + 11 + Pv 25UOX 230 4 .<br />
3 rear control<br />
2 ,<br />
00 tons equiv .<br />
251<br />
)<br />
s<br />
Th e +Dorsetshir e" apparentiy haa 76 - n armor rla tes above the<br />
a ccimun i t i on r o oms , 9h i l e t h e r e s t o f t h e a r rsor - p l a t i .<br />
n ; o f i t s<br />
deck was only 30 - m- +nick .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
11 -<br />
r'c o t no t e : Th e da t a on a r or - pi a t e t : i ci`ne s s o z de cks we r e<br />
; i v e u b ,<br />
y t he : a v y .<br />
rh e Pqui va l en t de ck cl i e kue s s ra s c l c ul a t e d a c c or i n<br />
t o t Yi e " or mul a Uy d - 'iti a r r e .<br />
Th e u x i mum t l, i c x n e s s o f t il e d e c x i s e s t a Ll i s h e d<br />
a ccor c ii n ; o ih e ca iib er o f b ,m b s us ed an d th e typ es<br />
OI COI11 i S ,<br />
Th e e qu i va l eii t de ck t h i c cr es s e Le r i n es cii e dr op<br />
l e ve l o f t ile r es e c t i v t arnU .<br />
"S ' i s t h e r a i mum r e n e t r a t i v e p e r f o r ma n c e e x ;r e s s e ti<br />
i u r i l : i u e i e r s o z a r mo r - l t e s t e e l i o r e a c h<br />
r e s p e c t i v e b o : b .<br />
•<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
I V .<br />
Ta r e t Re c o r ds f or Bor bi no Ope r a t i o i s<br />
Iii the followiil; tar;et records only da a conc rnino the use<br />
of eY losive and incendiary bombs as we]1 as aircraft torpedoes<br />
ar e i n c l ude d .<br />
Th e us e o f a e r i a l rai ne s a nd ch ecni c a l bo: bs i s<br />
overned bỵ spec ial f, l ans or ex ecuted upon special or ers .<br />
Unless<br />
t h e i r empl o yr e n t i s s pe c i a l l y o r cie r e ci f or a ma j o r o pe ra t i on ,<br />
t h e<br />
•<br />
us e o f s mok e bor bs ,<br />
f l a r e bombs , s ur pl y Uoc Ls , ai d a i r - d e a r e s c ue<br />
bombs , e t c . ,<br />
i s c ou t r ol 'l e d b y L e f i e i d f o r s .<br />
On th e otuer hand ,<br />
the use of nose rods ( distance rods and<br />
tu b es ) ior aondelay fuses of multiple-purpose bom'os is once a ;a i n<br />
men t i on e d ; t he y we r P us e d t o i cupr o v e h e f r a ; ; ie n t a t i oa e f f e c t o f<br />
bombs ciropped into Li n snoav layers on the bround .<br />
Insof ar a<br />
th e<br />
,omb s us pe ns i on . : o ul :: pe r mi t ,<br />
f us e ( j )A ui ch rue t r a ne c ont a c t tiya 5<br />
used for horizontally suspended bombs .<br />
T'he fra menta tion effect of<br />
SD 1 t o SD l j Lnmbs uo ul d b e r ea ti l y r e duc e d by i l i o k: s now .<br />
I f<br />
a usoluteiy ue ssary , one couid use t :e s aallest caliber SD 1<br />
w i th l a ro e dr op con ta i rers i n o rder to scor e cii r ec t n i ts for e f f ec t .<br />
VJh e n e v e r a v a i l a bl e , o n c- : h o u i d u s e Li1e a D L 'l e l b o b .<br />
`rh e tar ;e t re cords ar e su bd i vi a e d a ccor d i li to ro un d an d<br />
n a v a l t a r o e t s .<br />
i `:n Ey c o a i s t o f t a i . ;l e s f o r v d r i o us t : r ; e t s ,<br />
i n w,: i c h<br />
ti e m ost e fz ec tive bo1 U S an d fuses are ind i ated a ccordin to th e<br />
t y p e o f a t t a c k i a an c h e d .<br />
Th e b o r Ḻ s ,<br />
f u s e s , a r. d t y p e o f i a i t i o n<br />
ar e i nc i c a t e d .<br />
by a bbr e vi a t ed s y sbo l s .<br />
Tue ur o ; 1 Gv e l s I or t h e d i f f c r e.rt i y p e s o i r e l e a s e a r e a s f o l l ows :<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
Lo w- l r vei : ae :e ndi n o i t h e t e r r•a i rl ,<br />
but no hi o k ler t hau j j 0 f e e t ;<br />
above opeii ra ii roa d<br />
t racks aud a ains t poi n t tar ets<br />
at ieast 3 feat above rcund ; a;ainst .<br />
hips aL rnast<br />
l e v e l .<br />
High Al titude : avera5e drop level o ,<br />
60v :0 1 ,<br />
U0 feet ;<br />
h i ; , h er dr o l e v e l s a b o v e 16 ,<br />
j 0 f e e t .<br />
Di ve : fix ed a t 4 ,<br />
Ou0 ieet rel eas e a l tit ude far rock et - pr oneil ed<br />
a r mo r - p i e r c i n ; b o ru b s , vri t h a m i u i muru a n l e o f r i 0 ° t o wa r d<br />
th e tra j ector y l i n e .<br />
Aoainst unpro tected tar ets or if underwater explosiou by<br />
mine bombs is in tended ,<br />
the release ; lti ' tude should b e<br />
I ,<br />
650 feet with an approxinate anole of j0 ° ,<br />
Th e l as t c ol umu o f ta e t ar e t r e c or ds s h ows t i-:e mos t f a vor a bl e<br />
r a t i o o f ex pl o s i ve t o i nc endi a i•y vortlbs xi t h t he r e s pe c t i v e quan t i t i e s<br />
of each to be used abainst ground tar ets that are to be attacxed .<br />
A .<br />
Gr o ur .<br />
d TBr g e t s .<br />
Gei er al<br />
Th er e i s a r ea t di ff er ence i n th e e ff --ct pr o du ce d b y Ḻ om b s<br />
dr o p p e d o n po i n t t a r ;e t s t h a t d r e u o s t l y pr o t e c t e d o r rna s s i v e l y<br />
con str uc te d an d ar ea tarb ets th a t ff er r e l a ti ve l y li ttl e<br />
r es i s t an ce .<br />
The followin ; data ::ust be available for<br />
Lh e preparation of<br />
a bombin ; ogeration :<br />
1 .<br />
Ty pe o f c ons t r uc t i oir , cne a s ur ei e nt s , a nd s t r e s s r e s i s t a nc e o f t h e<br />
taroet , alid par ticularly importan t f ac ilities located in the<br />
tar et<br />
a ,<br />
r ea .<br />
.<br />
Si z e o f t he t ar ; e t a r, d ui s t r i but i or, o f l a c i l i t i e s i n t he t ar e t a r ea .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- i ; -<br />
3 .<br />
Exact knowledbe of the Rffect of explosive an d incendiary<br />
bombs of various<br />
types and di fferent fuses on th e individual<br />
rarts of tne taraet , as related to effective tiis tances .<br />
t ha t c ou ] _ d b e<br />
4 .<br />
Es t i cna t e o f t he s uc c e s s l , a c h i e ve d i n dr op pi n ma ny s ma l l bombs<br />
or<br />
fewer l arde ones over the entire taroet surface n contrast<br />
to a° m n a<br />
ton very lar e bomb on the moAt signi ficant parts<br />
of the tar et .<br />
_ Th e empl o yment o f bo nbs wi l l a l s o de pend on t 1 e nu,nb ei• o f<br />
a i r c r a f t a va i l a bl e an d t h ei r l oa di ng a pa c i t y ,<br />
t h e a va i l a i<br />
ị t y<br />
o f l t he mo s t e f f e c t i v e bombs an d f us e s ,<br />
t he t ra i n i u s t a t us o f<br />
t h e c r ews ,<br />
t h e e ne cny de f ens e s , a nd t h e we a he r c ondi t i on s ( c l o ud<br />
level ) .<br />
In indicating the most sui table bombs ,<br />
the point of departure<br />
'<br />
was<br />
the nrevious l y men tioned principle to first name the type<br />
most like l y<br />
of bomb that would ,<br />
destroy the respective target .<br />
Th e other bombs<br />
are li sted in accordauce rith<br />
tueir effectiveness to produce fi res<br />
or dama es b ,<br />
y pressure or<br />
fragm entation , ana finxlly th e nuisancefuse<br />
bombs are mentioned .<br />
The drop level ,<br />
ho:ever ,<br />
determiues the impact velocity and<br />
the sc -tter area of bombs and aerial delivery containers , and ruust<br />
t he r e f or e b e con s i de r e d i n c onne c t i on tivi t h t i e bomb ar, d t h e f us e .<br />
For low altitudes one cailnot always use the gmallest effective<br />
boc b .<br />
Be c a us e o f t h e a r e a t er a c c ura cy a nd t he a nyh ow s raa l l i mpa c t<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958<br />
- - - - - . - _- _ - - - . -- _ . ..:. ; -_- =T _ =<br />
1 . ,<br />
t _ ^<br />
' - .<br />
i , . .<br />
: , . : . . . ,<br />
'<br />
.<br />
,<br />
, - _ .<br />
- - . •<br />
- -<br />
. . - . -<br />
,<br />
i<br />
' 1<br />
: i • i i .<br />
. • -<br />
~<br />
•<br />
I<br />
. .<br />
•<br />
`<br />
_ .<br />
• ' /<br />
-<br />
_ .<br />
I<br />
•<br />
• r j<br />
_ . _<br />
. . . .<br />
'<br />
'<br />
. ,<br />
, .<br />
_ , . .<br />
. . ,<br />
J [ . ,<br />
, . . f<br />
. _<br />
• - . . . [<br />
,<br />
.<br />
. \ t_ I<br />
r<br />
- , r l<br />
' '<br />
.<br />
- { - -<br />
• •<br />
I •<br />
, . •<br />
.<br />
.<br />
I<br />
f - . . . - , ' ' '<br />
'<br />
•<br />
_<br />
. •<br />
•<br />
I<br />
`<br />
.<br />
_<br />
- i<br />
-<br />
[<br />
i<br />
.<br />
I - '<br />
_<br />
,<br />
[ _ '<br />
I<br />
- . . .<br />
.<br />
,- . . . . .<br />
-<br />
] „<br />
•<br />
" • 1 '<br />
.<br />
. . _<br />
. _ - h t - -<br />
• - _.<br />
, . , - .<br />
- . , _ . , _ . 1 .,<br />
'<br />
.<br />
- •. , _<br />
- . i - E ' i<br />
. . _ . .<br />
.<br />
i L , •<br />
•<br />
-. < <<br />
F<br />
.<br />
- , • . v e l o Gi t y i ex i<br />
. : n 1 o w- l e v el a bt a aks i t<br />
_<br />
, - .<br />
s a dv i s a b3 e o ue A<br />
, • - _<br />
•<br />
. 4<br />
. . • . 1 ,. i<br />
, .<br />
t i g t : oa. b r b . . . . _- : ,<br />
. • : '` :<br />
} . . . . . - - _ - .<br />
• .<br />
, ---<br />
, . _ • . ' ; .<br />
ti<br />
• Coa pr om s ® mu•s t be , . n .<br />
t he a 4r i t y a . ave $g a t g ṭ s .<br />
;<br />
_<br />
, . . • • -<br />
-<br />
. _<br />
t . _ .<br />
- r ,, ,<br />
-,._ _ .<br />
_ -<br />
. . _<br />
-- . -Th e d 1ay rh . c h t e• • s : 3 . e f+a e t wi l l d epe c o i i p t : • . -<br />
'<br />
-<br />
_ .<br />
_ j •<br />
' _ . . .<br />
- - -<br />
- • -<br />
,<br />
.<br />
- - - ° ` '<br />
? .'<br />
_<br />
. . . . - '<br />
-<br />
`-<br />
ml r'f<br />
•<br />
oc i t p ; t a 'gge t r e:B i `bc a<br />
d t h e de s ; e d d , p t Y o f 4 Pl 4 s f o i<br />
;<br />
. .<br />
-, i<br />
. , , _ •<br />
-<br />
- _ . .<br />
_ •<br />
T<br />
. . ; . .<br />
- -<br />
-<br />
I<br />
_ .<br />
- , t 7! " . I a t<br />
.<br />
. ti 1 _ - . _<br />
. . . .<br />
- . . . .<br />
- . _ . _ .<br />
,,,, y , , r<br />
a<br />
' 'V<br />
Q ' : .<br />
1.<br />
+<br />
. •<br />
•<br />
_<br />
• . .<br />
_ . ,<br />
,<br />
. - - . . : I<br />
1 J<br />
- - . - . . . - -<br />
•'<br />
, - _ ,<br />
. _ N ava l iae e a r s Sr t G l , r i mpart a t t ạr ; t $ , .<br />
Th e t f f e<br />
- R<br />
• , . t - . - •<br />
-. . .<br />
.<br />
, , . .<br />
-<br />
. . •<br />
. • ' _<br />
'<br />
_<br />
_ r te y a<br />
_ , po i n ṯ B 'a 1 ma- i . ia ì rr t wi t hi n -a l i . m a -e d a c® - s c<br />
.<br />
.<br />
f _ . _ _<br />
; : . • . . -<br />
_ 1 •<br />
• . , . . c , .<br />
• r<br />
. , . . - ' L' . - ' • .<br />
. L•. -<br />
• -<br />
-<br />
.<br />
.<br />
- -<br />
' h e < i arpor t s a t t a 'g ` a<br />
_.<br />
< • y t ams e l w s a a d qo s t , w b r c<br />
i<br />
.. .. t . :<br />
`` "<br />
i<br />
-<br />
, -<br />
,<br />
. .<br />
i<br />
L<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
-<br />
_ .<br />
.<br />
:<br />
.<br />
.<br />
-<br />
. . . . S<br />
. . . .<br />
+<br />
- . - I<br />
I<br />
_ . . . .<br />
- ,<br />
• . _<br />
- = om i 3 , . e e n; t aa ` :a o; . - t , i B h e ce f ± e of .<br />
g xa 3:m t ce t c<br />
: _ .<br />
. , _ .<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. , ;, . ,. . . _<br />
- _<br />
- , , -<br />
i dez t i f #<br />
: oe - i ai d v3 . d 'u 7 t .<br />
as ge t e a ev ,<br />
ng t. hem , , , , 3 e de s r uo 3qii q$ ` -<br />
. , .. . ,. , . . .<br />
I, . ' . ' , ' • , -<br />
-<br />
.<br />
1 - ,<br />
. . .<br />
' _ • r hi o i 5 c' 3 : - f ẹ, Ẹt : t i e ov e . a 1 1 ' unc t . on$ q ' t he n val 1 s ẹ t a .<br />
:<br />
- r<br />
.<br />
•<br />
'<br />
'<br />
-<br />
'<br />
_<br />
, . . -. C . - .<br />
.<br />
. • . < - `<br />
_ `<br />
. . _<br />
• . •<br />
-<br />
. ,<br />
. , •<br />
,<br />
.<br />
;<br />
1 fi .<br />
. ' . •<br />
`<br />
. :<br />
-<br />
`<br />
-<br />
:<br />
. .<br />
_<br />
.<br />
.<br />
,<br />
` L<br />
{<br />
. . . . . -<br />
L -<br />
i<br />
- .<br />
- .<br />
_ ' - .<br />
' ,<br />
ns va<br />
, ' bs n al : l Ec ne i sr e o ' l e da ] ar ea - # 'v<br />
_ ,<br />
- •<br />
;<br />
.<br />
e p<br />
_ a i .<br />
' - r t<br />
'<br />
'<br />
-<br />
•<br />
[<br />
.<br />
. - 1 .<br />
a _<br />
- -<br />
ps : i e r .<br />
m, dr r f 1:c a t 3 .<br />
r " : d + c ka<br />
. c ạ e , e o$<br />
t<br />
'<br />
i<br />
'<br />
• . i i<br />
I I<br />
. y „<br />
7<br />
- •<br />
.<br />
-<br />
d<br />
-<br />
_<br />
-<br />
r<br />
• i<br />
. -<br />
[<br />
_<br />
. .<br />
r eaag<br />
,<br />
L . _ _<br />
•<br />
1<br />
. . .. . -<br />
'<br />
.<br />
• t j -<br />
'- f . - , "t .<br />
.<br />
, , .<br />
_<br />
. . • • < • . i<br />
-<br />
i c i 1 -<br />
J -<br />
T<br />
. _<br />
, _<br />
ov e i s st 3 a:t -i ons i t r o3cmei i t ē imi .<br />
na l e , - : ai ]- iy tmt 3 y er<br />
L ,<br />
. .<br />
. _ .<br />
I<br />
. . .<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
_ - , [<br />
. . , i . .<br />
,<br />
-<br />
. .<br />
- ' I<br />
. . . . ,<br />
, . . _ - . - c [ - . c<br />
_<br />
.<br />
aeiol :La • e d' ' : . c c; , nd b ,<br />
l l s o p s o e .. . ; ; . I<br />
. '<br />
, _ . . ' ; _ -<br />
, . , - .<br />
_<br />
. - . .` . . . _ . .<br />
.<br />
'• ' • , _ ; n e e i 1 ;<br />
.<br />
:<br />
bs s a® ṛrou 3 d<br />
,<br />
'a s 'v i ; n c a td e i n s t a l l a t i a a f<br />
_<br />
: ạr • .<br />
-<br />
. - '<br />
- - , . . - ?<br />
.<br />
' 1 i<br />
_ .. - _,<br />
$ PP3a8 •<br />
•<br />
. + ii rr ; . - : ss a ,- ct i i l e y , , i as t r , .<br />
a:en , e;t 4 • . -<br />
I<br />
_. •._ , . . • -<br />
. -<br />
- - . . - •<br />
_ . . . - . -<br />
.<br />
, .<br />
, • - 7. z 3 p ri t i 'v<br />
. i or ans e t h e d v d :a l ' r e't a e h : c -<br />
. • . . - t [<br />
,<br />
, i .<br />
=<br />
,t.<br />
'<br />
_<br />
I<br />
'<br />
_<br />
- _<br />
_<br />
. • _; , „ . ' . _ - ,<br />
b ® ' -rari d a s àl l o- s .<br />
: , , ` .<br />
. _ _ . .;.. ,<br />
. . . .<br />
, _ _ -<br />
:<br />
. . .<br />
... i r . • t . - i<br />
•<br />
i<br />
-<br />
_<br />
i<br />
='<br />
_ - a<br />
. .:<br />
,<br />
•<br />
e i : s t d o k ,<br />
i n t , e rha f , 4 ::dr a t a . p t ẹ<br />
•<br />
. , •<br />
f<br />
t i • '<br />
- - c j<br />
.<br />
- •<br />
r<br />
^<br />
. i<br />
;<br />
'<br />
.<br />
. r . ' _ ..<br />
. _ - . - - - ' t<br />
. .<br />
- r l<br />
. . _ .<br />
-<br />
_ r• , .• r , _,
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
115 -<br />
b .<br />
Po war s t a t i ons a r e aruor ; t h e mo s t vi t al t ar o e t s on l a nd .<br />
Yo<br />
oth er bomb hit disrupts the eni:ire operation of an insta la ion<br />
as much as the neutra li zation of a power s tati on .<br />
c .<br />
Lock ates and pumps are tne most vulnerable parts of a dock .<br />
Especially wh en the lock is empty , a hit score d on<br />
these parts<br />
is more important than on the ship proper .<br />
Pumpin stations are<br />
usua ll g protected by concrete .<br />
Dock insta ll atiors above round<br />
should be atta cked like poiver stations .<br />
d .<br />
Floatin drydacks that have been xrecxed carino t be used ior<br />
repairing ships tha t have been dama ea below the wa ter line .<br />
Targ ets of secondary importance within a naval base are work -<br />
shops near docks , aso li ne cituups , cranes , railroad ins talla 'tione ,<br />
warehouses , an d quarters for personn el .<br />
Fuses and bombs f oY• air attacks on the aLove-mentioned tar ;ets<br />
should b e selected according to the importance of tl e respective<br />
targ et .<br />
burning asoline facilities mi ht form a protective smoke<br />
cover above the ma i n<br />
tar et poin ts.<br />
'<br />
B .<br />
Na va l T a r ; e t s<br />
The basic inforration has been iven in the preceding text .<br />
I n : e l .<br />
e c t i n borabs a nd i us e s f or o pe r a t i ons di r e c t e d at; a i ns t<br />
ships the followind points must e tak en into serious consideration<br />
1 .<br />
Th e fli ht altitude and drop level ;<br />
" .<br />
Th e type of ship to be a ttacxed ;<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- l l t -<br />
3 .<br />
Th e armor-platin ;<br />
4 .<br />
Ths possibili ty of sinkino the vessel with on e hit or more<br />
a s cvel l a s Lhe amo un t o f dau a e c a us e d ;<br />
5 .<br />
Th e c ha nc es o f s c or i n ; hi t s ;<br />
o .<br />
Th e bomb pa y l o ad c a pa bi l i t y o f t 'r e ai r c r a f t ;<br />
7 Th . e n e e d t o ne ut r a ] i .<br />
z e t h e a i a[<br />
° x ° i i s s l y s a l l - ca l i b er<br />
bombs or a i rcraft weapons before th e rincipal attack which<br />
is supposed to be carried out xiti laroe bombs and torpedoes .<br />
$ .<br />
If th e available forces are insufficient to score a sinki ng ,<br />
a r e duc t i on i n t i: e s pe e d o f t he e ., em ,<br />
y v es s e l may be c ons i de r e d<br />
as a success because it caa thus be made an easy prey of<br />
f r i e ndl y na l<br />
un i t s o r o t h er f r i e ndl y a i r f or c e s .<br />
9 .<br />
All other circumstan ces aṇ d condition s , such as th e range of<br />
t h e ai r cr a f t ,<br />
t h e we a t h er ,<br />
t 'n e t i me o f t he da y ,<br />
t h e de f ens i ve<br />
situa tion , etc.<br />
Accordin to earlier poi ts macie i n this stuciy , all warships<br />
l ar ;er than and includin ; heavy cruisers should be attacked<br />
simultaneously with arrnor-pierciu and h i h -explosive bombs .<br />
But<br />
the use of torpedo- l aun ching aircra ft 5houl a lso e comnined<br />
i t h t i e dr o pp i n o f borabs i n o r de r t o a chi e ve qui c s s i nk .<br />
i n s ,<br />
par ticularly amon tue laroe ships.<br />
Tiie minimum altitudes for arror-yierciu bombs for hi h -<br />
evel attacks m s t ue observed in<br />
arder io produce th e essen tial<br />
penetra tive powc:r .<br />
If the low level of the cloud ceilin wiZl not<br />
permit such ac 'tion , one can attacK<br />
only in a cive fli gh t in order<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
t o p :n e t r a t e t h e a r uior - pr o t e c t e d de c k •:vi t h r o ck e t - pr o pe l l e d<br />
.<br />
bomlos .<br />
To i nc r ea s e t h e d r o p 1 ev e1 o f FC 1 ( OU RS wi 1 1 no t r es ul t<br />
tbu a ny i u cr pa s e i n t h e p en e t r a t i v e >ower .<br />
I f hi h - ex }, l o s i v e<br />
bombs ar e drapped ou ship5, on ly ti:e uest quality (I) shoul d be<br />
taxen into consideration ior low- l evel or slidiṇ ; fli .<br />
h t attacks ;<br />
th ese bo is should b e fill e d with trichlorethylen e .<br />
Before operatio -is against other types o taroets than those<br />
•<br />
indicated i 1 th e tables of Part IV one r:lust select th e bo bs and<br />
fuses on the b asis of previous l y obtained accurate inforniation<br />
concernin the tar et .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- -<br />
Land iar et Charts<br />
Target and Type Type<br />
Tarb et Con- o f Bombs u5es of Observations<br />
ditions Attack Fuse<br />
1 .<br />
Li ht I ndus t r y<br />
(Aircra ft (SD 250 55 del<br />
,<br />
• Fragrnentation<br />
trucks<br />
(Sprbrd C 50 55 ,<br />
L<br />
nondel .<br />
awchemical<br />
(L IB ,<br />
w 3<br />
level<br />
cielayed to incendiary<br />
and accessory<br />
(SD 7U j5 del aye d<br />
plants ) ( Brand C 50 25 del<br />
bo + s at a<br />
av -act ,<br />
(Flam C 250 26<br />
ratio of<br />
rondelay 80 : 20<br />
• Small or larg e (SC 250 2j delayed<br />
insta ll ations<br />
(AB 50U , - BS 59 i ne<br />
mos tly a b ove a=anc H 3h (SC 500 25 nondelay Scatter<br />
ground ; ligh t ali:itu- ( Brand C 50 2j aelayed bomb s<br />
stee l construct - de and (aD 500A 55 n ondelay<br />
on with brick dive (SC 250 57 long- d eldy<br />
reinforcements ,<br />
boabing<br />
up to 20 feet<br />
high .<br />
Footnote : All explosive bomos u,:ed in low- i evel attacks on<br />
industrial facilities and sicui ar i ns tallations<br />
Uhou l d be eauint•ea with bounce plates .<br />
•<br />
2 .<br />
H eavy Industry<br />
(Tank s , ouns<br />
(SD 50U A 3> deiayed<br />
,<br />
s h e l l s , r a i l ( -<br />
Lo nr- Li IB w j 4 de l a ỵ e d<br />
road material level<br />
,<br />
ma c hi ii e t o o l<br />
factories )<br />
(S 700 25 d<br />
High<br />
e i a, y-act .<br />
altitucie ( S lUOU 24 nondelay<br />
(SD 1000 25 nondel ay<br />
Extensive<br />
and<br />
(SC 250 57 long delay<br />
facilities<br />
dive<br />
above ;round :<br />
bombing<br />
strong steel<br />
structures with<br />
concrete ,<br />
long spans and<br />
h e i<br />
; h t s up t o<br />
about 33 f ee t<br />
Footnote : The sequence in which<br />
the bonbs are listed iadi .<br />
cates<br />
the effectiveness oi the individual types of bombs<br />
for th e specific purposes .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
w<br />
1 1<br />
-<br />
`.Ca r ; e t an d Ty p e Ty p e<br />
T ar e t Qon- of Eombs Fuses of OLservations<br />
ditions Attach Fuse<br />
- _ - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - _<br />
j .<br />
%iu l t i pl e<br />
(SD 50 0e 5 5 d e l a y e d<br />
R a t :i o<br />
S t o r ỵ Fa c t o r y<br />
{Br a Y d C 2 j () u . e l a y . a c t . oi<br />
Facilities rrabmeu t -<br />
i n on e s i n ; l e<br />
(Li •<br />
iB w 3 + a e l a y e d a zi on t o<br />
or s e v e r a l l ow (St I n c e n di a r y<br />
bu i l di n b s l e ve l (Sp r br d C 50 j j n on d e l a y somb s :<br />
situated ( $G : 20<br />
c i o s e t ot; e t h J C 5G0 a e 1 . a c t .<br />
er ;<br />
s t e e l s t r u c t u r e h i ; i ar i<br />
SLa '1 d C 5J z 5 d e l , a c t .<br />
with br i ck wall s a l titude ( 3B 10U0 ' iondelay<br />
or r i 7i f orced and uive ( SD 7u0 x 57 nondelay<br />
c euten t b o mb i r . b SC 2 50 >7 l o nb - d e l a y<br />
(Electrical<br />
i n du s i r ,<br />
y ,<br />
optical ,<br />
f i n e :: e c L a n i c s )<br />
+ .<br />
Sp e c i a l Pl a n t s<br />
_ .<br />
a .<br />
u a s wor k s wi t h l o r<br />
( SD 2 5 C 5 5 d c l a y e d a t i o o f<br />
'oe n z o l e x t r a c -<br />
l e v e l ( Sp r br d C 0 j 5 ilon d el a y f r a l te n t -<br />
t i on pl aiit<br />
h i h a l ( - SC 5G j e y . a c t<br />
d t i or t o<br />
, i ; c en d i a r y<br />
titude (SL 7G 2 nondelay bom b s --<br />
a n d d i v e ( A 5 0 U - 15S j y t i .<br />
me<br />
y0 : 10<br />
bo:a Li i<br />
( SC r 5 U 5 7 l o ii - d el a y<br />
•<br />
F o o t n o t e : r o r l o e- l e v e l a t t a c ic. yri h i u c e n d i a r y L o ::i u s GS<br />
_ _ ~ for "di ve " .<br />
b ,<br />
hlast Furnaces<br />
low<br />
l ev el SD 5UU A 55 delay ed<br />
, s e t<br />
'<br />
ii i o h a l ( -<br />
SC 5 U0 j l e l a y . a c t .<br />
ti tu d e<br />
(SL 10v 0 j li ona Pl ay<br />
a n d d i v e<br />
l S C 0 j 7 l o n - d e l a y ,<br />
h o bi ns<br />
c. St ee l ulan ts lo+r<br />
level SD 2jv 55 ueiayed<br />
!zi g h a l -<br />
( SC 2 5 u de l .<br />
y . a c t .<br />
t i t u d e l Sy j 0 a 7 5 r ozi d el a y<br />
a n d 1 i r e ( SC 5v 5 l oild - d e l a y<br />
b oatb:i .<br />
n<br />
d Fuel . prolow<br />
(SD 0 57 delayed<br />
d u c t i o n l e ve l ( Sp r br d C 5 0 5 n oii cie l a y Rd t i op l o f<br />
l l ants<br />
(AB 5Uu - BS b time<br />
Jcatter to<br />
i r c e n di a r y<br />
i i i 7 - ,<br />
i<br />
- -<br />
t u d (<br />
e S L 0 ;j 1 l ° OLt<br />
3 y e d<br />
b s<br />
U<br />
a a ci di ve<br />
( SC 2 j G 5 d e l a y Wa c t %U . •<br />
b o a o i (<br />
z, x b 5 0 0 % - 1 = e<br />
i ; l e c t<br />
(<br />
r o n<br />
a C 5 G 5 `r i<br />
-<br />
o i - d c l a y i i c e n d i a r y<br />
b o i: ib s<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 1c0 -<br />
iar et aud lyhe rJPe<br />
a r e t C o ii - o f b o r c s F u s e s o f Ob s e r v a t i o n s<br />
d ion s A tta ck Fu s e . _<br />
e .<br />
S t ea r o i re r Lo , l e v e l SD 5 00A 5 5 de i a y e d<br />
Ul aẓi t s h i h a l -<br />
( SC 5Gu 5 cie l a ;; . a c t .<br />
cituue (SC i0vv 2 B ae l ay . act .<br />
azid dive ( Sli 1000h 2j nondelay<br />
b omb i u<br />
(SC c 5G j 7 10 ;;;; - d e l a y<br />
t .<br />
Ti y dr a u l i c l o w l e •r e l ( : _ ::<br />
_ L Pl a y e d i n l a ii d<br />
p l a n t (SC 1 0U0 3 u d e l a y e d Lo +ra r d wa t e r<br />
tii ;L a l ( - SC 1CU0 o B d l s .<br />
y . a c t i . u l a u d<br />
titude (Si 25u0 4 nonde l ay<br />
and aive ( SC w U0 D delav . act ,<br />
toward wa ter<br />
bombin<br />
(SC 540 5'T IonU- d elay<br />
o .<br />
Step- d own lOtiY level SD 50uA 55 de l ayed<br />
Trausform ers h i s a l - ( SC 50 5 d elay -a ct<br />
i n Bu i l d i . s<br />
t 1 t u d e<br />
( S D Z5 U 5 j n o n c i e l a y<br />
a n d d i v e<br />
b o r b i u g<br />
h I . s o l a t p o l o w l e v e l S D 7 0 5 5 d e l a y , r c t .<br />
Tr a : n f o r r e r s h i h a l -<br />
(SD 7C 5 j n oi. ci e l a y<br />
titude<br />
(AB 5 0<br />
a ii d d i v e - S D I O y y t i me<br />
b om bi ng SD 50 55 n on de i ay<br />
5 .<br />
F u e l S t o r a e<br />
Install<br />
_<br />
ations<br />
Su pl y Lu m .<br />
ps<br />
a .<br />
A b o v e ; r o : n d l U lrr l e v e l ( L u 5 j a e l a y e d a c t<br />
l w p l' U 1' l 1 i .<br />
jJ jy nondeldy<br />
(AB 5 G0 - BS o y ;7oii d e l :: y s c a t t e r<br />
( Fl a rc C 5 u G<br />
55A nondelay Ratio of<br />
f<br />
u i 'rt a l ( -<br />
3 L 7 0 5 7 n ou de l<br />
r a me n t a t i on<br />
a ;<br />
titude (tsrena<br />
to inceudi ary<br />
b<br />
a ild di v e C 5 0 2 5 n on d e l<br />
ornb s<br />
a y<br />
- - 0 : 1 0<br />
bombinr; (SL 2jJ 7j uondtlay<br />
(AD 5 0 0TsE 5 9 t i r e e i e c t r o n i n c e n d .<br />
b .<br />
Under grouna lorv (AB 5 U -<br />
l e v el SD a r on a e l a y Ra t i o o f<br />
(F1aL: C<br />
ira mentation<br />
50J<br />
to incendzary<br />
57A n ndelay<br />
0 : 10<br />
hioh al -<br />
(SC 27U 2j uela ,<br />
y .uct .<br />
Li t u d e a n d (A i 5Uu<br />
d i ve bomb . e 5 y t i :ae e l ec t r o n i n c en d .<br />
c .<br />
Su upl y c i un l . ow {S L 10 5 5 d e l a y e d<br />
l e ve l {Sz' a n d C<br />
j0 7 dela y , . act .<br />
Ratio of<br />
(Fian C<br />
fra m .<br />
to<br />
; 5u o n on d el a y i uc en l b ,<br />
0 : 0<br />
r i i h a l - ( ; L 7 G 5 5 n ozide l a y<br />
t itu ae and (Dr an d<br />
d i v e b o m: , . + 5 G 5 r o n d e l a y .<br />
,<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
1 'ct i ' , t s i l . Y . ;' e _<br />
, J j e CC S T' v; -<br />
: a r e ; u zi - o i c . ' c s i `u _ e :> o i<br />
_ ' . o :zs<br />
a i Li UZl s A c ; c k u : c<br />
a ,<br />
r i e 1 r .<br />
1 1 1<br />
.<br />
t<br />
A :: uau -<br />
7<br />
.<br />
O i 1 L u : : . _<br />
r<br />
.<br />
% . .<br />
U '<br />
L o r l .<br />
L ;<br />
C '<br />
,<br />
l<br />
,<br />
: v t : i<br />
l ir 1 ' i .. i l l . .<br />
i .<br />
l a y<br />
L<br />
' l J . Il t i l i l l l G y<br />
_ i r i 'o - •c e ( j t,v - . : ;: : : j zzc:: : a l a y s c a t c e r<br />
l<br />
r r<br />
.. i : u l _<br />
::L . i 1 '" Z ' :J - i : i J i l<br />
l<br />
. : r<br />
i 1 v i j I l U : i I C L<br />
, . : :<br />
J L• i I Z V j<br />
.<br />
.: E C L 1 U I1<br />
: .<br />
C t y<br />
_<br />
i 1 _<br />
;; t r c i s<br />
.. . ' : ] .<br />
: . -<br />
. : . . 1 . : ; : i . '1 L . i t i 1 C 'v - . i : ) L v<br />
} y i ; ? :.. c i l L t l<br />
V a G : i: .<br />
0 l a -<br />
t .<br />
a i , e l A j w -<br />
:: e j ' t i r: e c e r u i ; i^,y<br />
- - c; U : :' U _<br />
L o :I i : i . l<br />
( .<br />
ị C L J v j '<br />
. ' .: J - u :; i a ỵ l e c s' : .<br />
r: i u :u u .<br />
c .<br />
1 . : i i 1 : .<br />
1. l . I 1 1 ù ' : . c i l ' i: 1 1 + - C' L U ti J<br />
.<br />
I l ' J , V J J<br />
t<br />
( w Y 1 j<br />
u i ! cii I ; i r l e v el ( : r : .:: i U j , ' , c i : y . . ..:c i; .<br />
L ' LI 1; i i ' ' J 1 ::: L i l C , _<br />
3: y i :: z' a r e l ' s<br />
i i '! ' r V 'r Cl e l : i f T' L 1 0 U t I' :1 , . : .<br />
4 o i : . c e : . : i a r y - -<br />
. 1 . • (<br />
.<br />
. , 5 1 , ) . r J U c • .._ . d C L .<br />
U J `-r<br />
U<br />
:, a 1 1: 1 .<br />
i ' a i i a l, J U U c i . . : :: . G 't .<br />
i<br />
u 1 '<br />
( L v v J T! G _ . i l a y<br />
. ; U 1 I ' (<br />
u . t<br />
i j<br />
i U<br />
. - i :a ' j l ! ' 1 U ; C ,<br />
Ei : i L 2' . ,<br />
( ,J . v '<br />
., ' 'J . : ! " C l U l ca .<br />
d l :<br />
.<br />
( aC j u ' :_ j ; i oi _ ,• ; - u 1ay<br />
•<br />
i<br />
.<br />
U . : : t i V : L1 ' L - 1 . r U `:J ( S 1J G ) J J i . : C 1 3 y<br />
i .<br />
i 1_ iz T' E . t u 'J ; 'v 1 E. ' V ti<br />
1<br />
.<br />
( b Ṭ' c l l t l l<br />
C 7 V G J 1: :<br />
1 .<br />
C T . . C a i .<br />
1 O O L 1<br />
c o v i•r e i _<br />
:•1i t i ( Li ; : +; j ; a : y t o i : c e :. ' : i a r y<br />
il a o i t d t i o rls<br />
o v<br />
, + p<br />
, r i ,<br />
1 - 'i , - ' :<br />
_ ,<br />
' -. •- `<br />
:<br />
" u<br />
1 Z w<br />
. . _<br />
. .<br />
7 . . _ . _ _ _<br />
- i l _ .<br />
.<br />
_<br />
_ ' i t h ' W .<br />
_. _ _ " c ( ' j l j j<br />
„<br />
Cl e i . :a C f: .<br />
, ; ' . :<br />
( . : : C j v - c i c :i . a t T I<br />
a<br />
. O . ; v - . i ; t i ::,e c i .<br />
: c t r o :i i ! zc c n .<br />
( : U %j j _ o _1 - ci e l : y<br />
l y i-.<br />
i ?U -<br />
. -<br />
.` i : u j = t : t:: r .<br />
C . C aT' Gt? . f 1 0 tti'<br />
( 1J ( :J J J C i e i a !f<br />
I n h a b i t e c l e v P l ( L I '• i w j 4<br />
ci e l . a y<br />
: r e . .= ,<br />
(<br />
n .<br />
i r<br />
C ! -<br />
. _ l J ' .<br />
U u 1<br />
. .<br />
L -<br />
Y 1<br />
:: L 1 (<br />
J : J G '? l \ ,<br />
c J ' ,<br />
i .<br />
O l l ' . : r '<br />
. i r ) . 1 t i t ( _ l d<br />
.<br />
e v -<br />
L = t i c:, e e l e c „<br />
r o i i :: c c :. ; .<br />
. a i i ( r 1 !i j J i<br />
.<br />
-<br />
u l J<br />
. : . li j a + i l;1L<br />
a i v a ( v n j v U . -<br />
: ,<br />
i y t i<br />
._<br />
me r a t i o o i<br />
o<br />
,<br />
1l L ; ., -<br />
. .. 1:;; l 5 ' - 7 0 j i o ll ; -<br />
r<br />
.<br />
a ,a e riLa Ll o t<br />
a l a y c n c e n c ii a r y<br />
- - '3 y<br />
U 1 7 1 : U J - - v U . 4 ' V<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
-<br />
12 -<br />
iar et and Type Ty e Observations<br />
Ta r e t Co n - o f Bo r Ls Fu s e s<br />
ditions A ttack Fuse<br />
7 .<br />
Ra il roads Low (SC 5U nose-s i 55 .<br />
delay<br />
3g f ee t a ltit .<br />
a .<br />
Op en t r a ck s , a l on e ( SC Z5 C " " I 7 + j i u u i s a n c e<br />
e mba ide en t s a c r o s s ( SC 1 0 0U 2 j d e l a y c 6 r "<br />
•<br />
•<br />
b .<br />
5tations w / l ow<br />
(SD 25G 55 delay<br />
r o l l i uF; s t o ck (LMB w j 4 d e l a y<br />
(Brand C 250 25 nonde l ay<br />
iraom .<br />
t i g h & ( SC 2 50 2 5 d e 1 . a c t , g i s t f o r f i r e<br />
dive<br />
(SL 250 j5 uondelay<br />
bomb (SB 1C00 2 .<br />
nou d e l ay<br />
(AB 50 4 -<br />
5 9 t i cue s c a t t e r<br />
( SC j U0 5 7 l on ;- d e l a y<br />
c .<br />
lo r k s h o ps l ,<br />
o w ( SD 5 00 A 75 c3el a y<br />
d e po t s , r o un d ( -<br />
LI•iB w j 4 d e l a y<br />
h o ur e s , s wi t cn<br />
l i i i<br />
(SC 7v U c j d e l . a c t .<br />
siations dlve (SB 1000 2' ṯ non de l ay<br />
(SD 1 t 00A 2 5 n on de l a y<br />
(AB 5 0 U - SD ZL 5 a t i :ne<br />
(SC 250 5l l on - d e l ay<br />
i3 .<br />
Br i d d e s<br />
best method low<br />
(SC Zj0 5 delay ratio of<br />
( F l a t C 5 U0 5 5 A n o li d e l a y f r a m t . o }<br />
/ j f<br />
i ncen di a r ies<br />
a .<br />
lo o d b e a ms h i e h ( SC 5 J 5 d e l , a c t 9 0 . : 1 0<br />
spanning dive lSD 7J ;j nonde l ay<br />
lU -<br />
27 ft .<br />
CFlarn C 250 z6 nondelay<br />
b .<br />
Ponto hrido . l ow (AE 50 - SD 2 t oy nondelay<br />
(SD 5U0 Lr 55A nondelay<br />
Yi b n u (AB 5vU - SD 1 0 5 t i me<br />
d v e ( SD 10 5 5 n o n n El a y<br />
(SL 270 Tel 55A noudelay<br />
c .<br />
Br i ck o r i .<br />
h t<br />
concrete construction<br />
, spanning low SV 250 25 delay aim at pilla°s<br />
1 7 -<br />
Eb f t . h i h b<br />
dive SC 2 0 25 de l .act . centra l Epan<br />
d .<br />
Keinforced<br />
.<br />
concrete or<br />
steel structure ,<br />
spannin t33 -<br />
l w SC 2U00 2j de l ay pillars<br />
b60 ft . hi h &<br />
dive (SC lOGO 2tb de l ay center sran<br />
(SC OOu 8b delay pillar<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 123 -<br />
T arge t and 'type Type<br />
^lar et Con- of Bomb s Fuses o f Observations<br />
aitions Attack r'use<br />
r - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
e, b ox Girders Poin t Tae et<br />
s panni no 4 0 -<br />
l o w hriB r 3 + de l a y c en ce r s p a n<br />
100 ft .<br />
u i o h & (S B 1 0 0 0 2 4 rLOn d e l a y " "<br />
d ive<br />
(SC 1 000 2 8 B de l . a ct . p ill a• a<br />
' .<br />
La t t i c e Jo r X l o w o D 3 U Sr 5 5 A n o u d e l a y c e n t e r s na n<br />
3<br />
-<br />
b0 f t . h i v h & (Sli 1 U00A 25 n on del 3y n n<br />
dive (SC 2000 25 del . act . pillars<br />
•<br />
b . B ox oirders<br />
on high pillar ,<br />
lokU SC 1000 25 delayed pillars<br />
s pa n n i n ; 4 G - h i h<br />
1 0 0 f t a t a n ; x (SV z5U0 2 4 n on d e l a y c e nt e r s pa n<br />
div (SC 10U0 25 del<br />
elevation of<br />
. act . pillars<br />
soout lb5 ft .<br />
h .<br />
Suspension<br />
b r i dg e s . e a s ur i ng<br />
330 - 3 ,<br />
30G ft .<br />
in<br />
ength low SC 2G00 25 delay )towers and<br />
r g ca bl e<br />
h i b h (S 20 J 0 2 3b d e l . a c t .<br />
) an c h or i .<br />
n g po i nt s<br />
dive lSl 1GO A 25 nondelay Also , c nter spaz<br />
i .<br />
S ri n a n d<br />
draw Lrid s low (SC 500 23 delay Control room<br />
(SD 5 U0 i r 55i , n on d nl a y br i dg e<br />
•<br />
h i ;h (SC 2 5 0 25 de l . a c t . abnt men t<br />
dive (SD 250 53 nondelay bridne<br />
(SC 2 50 5'1 l on ; - d Ql a y<br />
Fra ;mectation Borabs DrQpped from Low Levels<br />
cai t h s h oc k i rap a c t pl a t e s<br />
9 .<br />
Airfields<br />
a .<br />
Lar e nan ars<br />
r a de o f s t e e l a n d<br />
cem ent iow SC jUu ?y delav<br />
hibh c :<br />
(SC 25u 25 del . act .<br />
dive (SB 10u0 24 nordElay<br />
(SC 250 57 lan - d elay<br />
b .<br />
Aiṛcra ft loN (Sl 7u 55 delay ti o of<br />
bhelters ,<br />
(Fla a C 2jU 26<br />
li ondelay fraoment .<br />
worx hops to incend .<br />
h i h ;<br />
cii v e ( SC 25 0 25 d e l . a c t<br />
(SD 70<br />
.<br />
j5<br />
nondelay<br />
(AB 5 U0 - BS 5 9 t i ine<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ129 8<br />
_ .` , _<br />
:• _<br />
T' "<br />
C<br />
_ _ { '<br />
. i .<br />
_ .<br />
C' : . i;<br />
_. i<br />
l % l .<br />
l l - V<br />
. : _ ' V<br />
, t;<br />
a<br />
• '<br />
r'<br />
A .. l : i L: i<br />
. '<br />
.<br />
V .<br />
.<br />
1 U . _<br />
'. _ .. _; C _<br />
l ; _<br />
.<br />
_<br />
_ . :i C<br />
. . _ L: 1 . .<br />
i : t, l<br />
l ) I : : i<br />
., . • _ ... L e :<br />
w u vr a<br />
U<br />
'J "<br />
_<br />
- > ,; L C<br />
- -<br />
% Tl O l i<br />
_<br />
, .<br />
f:; l a 'y"<br />
3 i C: _ x _ L i<br />
_<br />
. . i : i L 'l ' . - L '<br />
._ J J L ' L 1 :i ! G<br />
a i L . : L 1 i ! _ .. _ _ ! ki<br />
... _ .<br />
,<br />
. _ . r i . .<br />
1\ , '- . •<br />
..<br />
' . 1 : L , . ...<br />
.<br />
1;1 :a 1 v ;<br />
: '1 T .<br />
C U C : _<br />
u _.<br />
r 1 .<br />
_; L c:. . t<br />
i : :<br />
! o L1 t _i _ L<br />
_<br />
_ t: :i :i v<br />
.; : y :<br />
i ; . t : . ; n : a y . = o ' ,. _ _ U : t A ' .<br />
a ;;` ' 1 c; ., . _.<br />
;r' , ' : .<br />
: _<br />
w i<br />
:: i ,<br />
" 1 I' - : _i _ ,<br />
; ,. -<br />
.<br />
: - - : \ : lr `<br />
` L ' J<br />
..<br />
. : . :• l . .<br />
. .: G t<br />
. ; ! a . . , t ; i ' l U '<br />
S i. f ' '<br />
. -.<br />
t<br />
-<br />
.<br />
v e l :i L . J u- L =<br />
r '; t i : .<br />
e ' t<br />
G' L 1 .. ' V @ : l :<br />
.<br />
' u i . : ' i ' . ..<br />
U<br />
, : r ' .J<br />
j t 1<br />
=: ! 1 ...<br />
J L ( v G J ::L<br />
i<br />
.<br />
'v ' •<br />
. : i .<br />
i E3 ;: : :7 1 ? .<br />
. ' '<br />
_ 1 1 . : . . . .<br />
C ' i :<br />
' u I . . _ . : .<br />
• ) _ __ t: ; i J 1<br />
-<br />
_ I %' C L . i<br />
.<br />
' C ' _<br />
' 3 i L 1 L ; t<br />
--<br />
1 ' - -<br />
t ! : _i 1 ^ _<br />
1 .<br />
•<br />
. i . U .<br />
i .<br />
' v ! t_. : l ' ; e '<br />
- -- - - ' - - -<br />
•<br />
1<br />
: L<br />
. ; i<br />
i `<br />
_ , _ : .. ; 1<br />
; C, '. l r ' L v _ . :: . . , ; . : C i .<br />
t , - . : ;y'<br />
l<br />
. : i ' a i .. l OT1 l ^ ị<br />
...<br />
+<br />
. _ ? `=<br />
_<br />
. . o tl r r _ ' : r _<br />
_ L' C I<br />
,<br />
J L<br />
; 'L .<br />
'' r _.<br />
:'<br />
. ' . 1 - - lI ! _ ., ... J.<br />
. , "<br />
c i : .<br />
. .<br />
L l : _ .<br />
C r<br />
. . ( -<br />
1'<br />
. . .<br />
' - . . .<br />
\ 1 : ị / J<br />
L .<br />
-<br />
F<br />
L<br />
_<br />
L "<br />
..<br />
.<br />
_ . . i C .<br />
.<br />
; =<br />
l .<br />
ii<br />
- i ' - - = 1 , _ o __<br />
c : :i : .<br />
:;<br />
,<br />
L1 l . .. i l i C i ! LJ l . .% i<br />
, . :.<br />
' , l f . L _1 v P 1<br />
- .<br />
C U li LI " " ;. 1'<br />
. : " _LU 1 .. •<br />
: '<br />
J • L l<br />
_ : J •<br />
_ a _ U : t1 E L '! 1<br />
. . .<br />
:i i . ;: ;. . _<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- lz5 -<br />
Targ et and Type Type<br />
Target Con- of Borubs Fuses o f Ob ssrvations<br />
ditions A ttack Fuse<br />
b .<br />
Antt a irlow<br />
(A 3 5G0 - SD 2t o9 nonde l ay<br />
c r a f t and (Fl ars C 5 0 0 7 5A non de l a y ( on l y l o w l e v e l<br />
f i el d ( ,<br />
I7 70 5 5 de l a y e d<br />
art i l e jri t s= c<br />
up to 105 - mm hioh t (AB 5UU - SL 1G 5 time<br />
in open field dive<br />
(SD 25v Te l j5A noiue l ay<br />
positions<br />
'<br />
-<br />
c .<br />
Irle di um l o Y SD c j 0 55 d el ay e d<br />
artillery<br />
in firing h inh & (ST 70 55 nondelay<br />
positions ; dive (Ab 50U - Sy lU 59 ti:e<br />
150 - 2 0 - mm (SC 250 c5 dei . act .<br />
motorize d<br />
g uns ;<br />
210 - 55o - mm<br />
r ai l r oa d<br />
uns<br />
Fo i nt T a e t<br />
12 .<br />
Fortiiied low<br />
(SD 50G 3 25 delayed Exl t rances<br />
Li ne s ( Fl a:n C j 0 U 5A nonde l a y s l i t s<br />
a . C oast<br />
artillery hig & r' C lOGO 35 del . act .<br />
in cou crete dive SfiL 300 bo<br />
f i r i iia<br />
positions<br />
protected<br />
by ar no r<br />
nondel ay<br />
cupo las<br />
b .<br />
Concrete low<br />
(SC 25G 25 delayed raised araund<br />
• bunk e r s wi t h ( Fl a C 2 5 0 2 uo i;de l a y s l i t s & c e n t r anc e s<br />
10 -<br />
foot cover<br />
,<br />
c e X S}i l 5 0 J b6 noude l a y c o v er<br />
.<br />
1 3 .<br />
i a va l B a s e s ,<br />
Port Installa tions<br />
a .<br />
';da r v e s a nd l o w SC 5 0 0 ue l a y e d be l o•rr v e s s e l<br />
berLhs for<br />
ships high (SC 2y0 25 delayed<br />
dive<br />
(SD 250 25 uondelay<br />
b .<br />
un l o a di ng (SC 2 50 5 7 i q<br />
f l ong -<br />
installations ,<br />
pi er s ,<br />
doc ks<br />
l ow SSD 5 0 0 r ; k l oa u e l ay<br />
, (Fl am C 500 55A noudel a y<br />
e c .<br />
hi i & ( SC 2 5 0 25 de l . a c t .<br />
dive<br />
(AB 5oo - Li j9 time electron incend ary<br />
(SD 250 55 nondelav<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
l c b -<br />
Ta rg e t a nd Ty pe T y p e<br />
T ar e t o f B ocnb s Fuses of Qbservativns<br />
Con ditians attack<br />
use<br />
__<br />
F _ o int Tar et<br />
c . L ock low SC lUUO 3o delayed hi h - uater<br />
;ates s id e<br />
,<br />
c3ock<br />
h i o h « ( 5C 50 0 5 ci el . a c t .<br />
en tra nces<br />
Qi ve<br />
(S D yUOa 55 u ondelay dock side<br />
d Fl . o a t i n 5 l o y SC z GUU So d e l a y e d ti°ra t e r l i n e<br />
a o c ks<br />
hi h o (SC lUOU 2 S del . act .<br />
d i v e<br />
(Sil j 0 0A j nonde l ay<br />
i<br />
e .<br />
Fo we r<br />
t a t i ons s e e e )<br />
a s ol i ne<br />
duinps , e t c .<br />
( see 5 a )<br />
1 4 .<br />
Ut h er Tar ; e t s<br />
a .<br />
Tị ne 1 o w Lt • 3 w 3 4 de l ay e d<br />
fields ,<br />
high « (SD 7U j nondelay<br />
vri r e<br />
di v e<br />
( SB 1 0 0 1 2 4 non de l a y<br />
barra es<br />
•<br />
b .<br />
Dams 5 low SC 10U0 3o delayed water side<br />
b a r r ag e s<br />
l.l i h LO t 0 0 0 fs de l , a c t .<br />
;v / s t r ong<br />
wa ll dive<br />
s<br />
c .<br />
Soft high a SC 2UUU on dPl . act .<br />
(dirt)<br />
dive<br />
da ms «<br />
ba r r ag es<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 1 -<br />
Sar ; e t Re c or ds f or I ta val Ve s s e l s<br />
,<br />
Ty pe o f Typ e T y pe ti .<br />
ni mum<br />
Vessel , ,<br />
Drop altitude<br />
T onnabe, of Boubs Fuses of To Ad eve<br />
iaximum<br />
Peaetration<br />
Armor- A ttack Fuse<br />
Pl a t i n<br />
1 .<br />
P • 2o der n l ow ( SC 2 u G 38 de l a y e d<br />
b a ttles hi p (LT j del . ac .<br />
( + ,<br />
8 0 0 me t e r s<br />
3 2 ,<br />
OOU t oiis , h i g h (PU 2 3 00 X + o U .<br />
0 + 5 s e c .<br />
19o- m (SC 000 2bB uel . act .<br />
2 .<br />
P odern low<br />
(SC 200U 3$ delayed<br />
_ oattl es hip (LT j<br />
' 35 000 ,<br />
ton s , hibh (PD 1000 PC1b0 , + c ( d elayed act 4<br />
160 ,<br />
70U neter$<br />
- mm ( 0 .<br />
075 seconds .<br />
(SC 2000 2013 del . act .<br />
3 ,<br />
Aircra ft l ow (SC 200U 3 uel aye d<br />
carrier ,<br />
(LT 5<br />
25 OOG ,<br />
t ons ,<br />
hi gh & ( SD 1 0 00A 2 iA l . a c t .<br />
1 70 0 , rne t e r s<br />
71 - mm LX] ] (SD 1 7 00 2 3B del . a c t .<br />
1 500 , me t e r s<br />
dive SD 1GOOA 2bA del . act .<br />
1 ,<br />
200 me t ers<br />
•<br />
.<br />
4 .<br />
Older- low (SC 2000 38 delayed<br />
type (LT 5<br />
battelship<br />
h i ; h ( PC 3 + 00 >5 l a y e d , a c t .<br />
1 o<br />
30 Ou0 G0 , me t er s<br />
,<br />
tons , (, D 1700 z$B del . act .<br />
1 500<br />
rjb , weters<br />
r<br />
- mm<br />
aive PC 400 35 del . . act .<br />
1 ,<br />
00 m eters<br />
5 •<br />
H eavy low (SC 100U or 3b del aye d<br />
cruiser , LT 7<br />
1 0 ,<br />
UJ O t or s , ,<br />
71<br />
dive d ( SD JGO B 2bA del<br />
-<br />
, act .<br />
3 ,<br />
000 meters<br />
high (SC 1000 2$D del . act .<br />
1 ,<br />
200 meters<br />
b ,<br />
Li , h t l o w SC 1 0 U0 3o dEl a y e d<br />
cruiser ,<br />
4 ,<br />
00 tons hi g h & SC 500 2oA d e l . act .<br />
1 ,<br />
500 to<br />
30 - mm dive 1 ,<br />
200 meters<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 1 2 u -<br />
Type of Type Type Minimum<br />
Vessel ,<br />
Drop<br />
Tonnag e , of bom bs Fuses of Al titude<br />
I `,a x i rnu n<br />
To Ac hi e v e<br />
Armor- Attacx Fuse Pen etra tion<br />
Fl a t i . n<br />
. ^ -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - -____- --<br />
7 .<br />
rIod e r n l o rv SC j 0 U j 8 d el a y e d<br />
e 0 i<br />
° n<br />
,<br />
high &<br />
20 - dive SC 2 U aA de l . act .<br />
Fo o t n o t e : Ra t i o o i a r mor - p i e r c i n ;; t o h i ; h - e x p l os i ve b orub s - -<br />
b 5 : 35<br />
,. ..<br />
. T orpedo<br />
b oa t , other l ow SC 250 j8 delayed<br />
a u x i l i ar y , h i gil &<br />
ves:els , dive D 7U 28A del 00 t . act<br />
ons<br />
.<br />
!<br />
.<br />
Submar i n er l , o w F1 . uYb 2 50 9 t i ©e<br />
pr o c e e di ng t o<br />
i i t; i<br />
su b m er e , ,<br />
5uu<br />
dive SC Z50 2oA<br />
tons<br />
1 e1 . act .<br />
•<br />
lU .<br />
Transport low (SC lOUu jo del aye d<br />
vessel ,<br />
(LT 5<br />
12 ,<br />
OvU :idh (SC jJ0 33 uel . act ,<br />
f or o . 05 seconds<br />
(Hs 2g3 2oA del . dct( co respon diug to<br />
dive 5C 00 3 (del . act lu , 000 f eet<br />
1 1 .<br />
Fr e i h t er ( ,<br />
f o r U .<br />
2 s e c oil ds c o r r e : p<br />
4 .<br />
- , OOG t ons low SC jOC j$ ( to 4 ,<br />
OJU feet<br />
d layed<br />
h i g h L'1' j j U s hi p i n r o a ds<br />
12 .<br />
Sma l l i i h c d i v e SC 2j 0 j o a el , a c t .<br />
frei hter ,<br />
low • SC c5U 3 u del aye d<br />
2 -<br />
4 0 0 ,<br />
tons high LT 370 ship in roads<br />
h ibh&Dive SC z5 3$ del . act .<br />
13 .<br />
Speedboa ts ,<br />
outpost 1oN (SC Z50 j8 delayed<br />
patrol (5D a00 Br j5A nondelay<br />
aoats , etc . h i ,<br />
; h a<br />
uive D 7U 28A nondelaỵ<br />
Footnote :<br />
all C bombs dropped in low- l evel attacks must be<br />
equipped wit21 oounce disks .<br />
SC ,<br />
St<br />
, an d PC bor bs dr o ppe d f r om h i gh al t i t ude s<br />
o r i n di v e bombi ng a t t a c ks mus t be e qui pj>e d wi t h<br />
head rings .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
- 9 -<br />
If a direct hit is scored on an unprotected vessel ,<br />
large fires<br />
usually break out on deck .<br />
Th e calibers of bambs indicated in<br />
the above table are suited<br />
for s nking the res tiective type of vessel by one s i nol e direct<br />
hit or uear miss .<br />
If torpedo es are launched , several uits must be scored to<br />
pr o du c e a s i nki ng , a nd t he s ar e i s a l s o t r ue o f hi 6 h - eYpl o s i v e<br />
bom us of the ca'iber nex t - smaller in size .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958<br />
-- .. --. , . _- -r T-- --_- " : T ._ - . . -. i 1 - _ - - .<br />
t<br />
, . ,<br />
T<br />
r l ; . - '<br />
r<br />
1<br />
r<br />
r 1 • . - ' i - _ , 1 . r - '<br />
, r _ : I<br />
}<br />
+t '<br />
. I - ) •.,<br />
. .<br />
,<br />
.<br />
•<br />
l<br />
. _ . . . J V , - . , [ ' • . '<br />
' , -<br />
M<br />
1 ; . 1<br />
'<br />
.<br />
'<br />
• C r ' `<br />
r l<br />
. . Tf _ : , ' y , ' , •<br />
" ti L<br />
1 A - • •<br />
•<br />
r<br />
1 ' ) . y<br />
.<br />
.<br />
r<br />
• r . ,<br />
i J<br />
i •<br />
-<br />
'<br />
r . 4<br />
x<br />
-<br />
' • - - ;<br />
r<br />
y 1 .<br />
- ` I -<br />
•<br />
. _ * . .<br />
• • .<br />
r<br />
f<br />
•<br />
r<br />
•<br />
r .<br />
- , t ' li<br />
r . - • l<br />
a .<br />
• - ' '<br />
•<br />
'<br />
' i a , " • ' I . • t _ r h , , ' •<br />
'<br />
. . I y : , r [ .<br />
= F<br />
-<br />
. . .<br />
•<br />
.<br />
' r<br />
= - - '<br />
. . •<br />
- r .<br />
r er _ -<br />
I<br />
I<br />
1<br />
.<br />
r l : 1't rc y • i . 1 .<br />
. t r . _ • ' -<br />
_ 1 • -<br />
r r Z T r<br />
i i • . I ,<br />
r<br />
.<br />
u t<br />
_<br />
r<br />
, a<br />
' - •<br />
• •<br />
• - + ' r r : . 1 I • , 7 t _.<br />
r<br />
i • • r<br />
• . ' . -<br />
• i , . . . -<br />
n ! E' r.<br />
i<br />
_<br />
• . - I<br />
h<br />
_<br />
. 1 . . r • r , r a ' ,<br />
l<br />
I<br />
- L . ' ,<br />
t<br />
1 ' • ' • - • ' • __ _ .<br />
' r<br />
t<br />
. , : ;<br />
r<br />
,' ' 1 r ,<br />
1 L<br />
_<br />
Y . i •<br />
. `<br />
,<br />
: .1 . = '<br />
'<br />
_<br />
-<br />
,<br />
.<br />
• •<br />
.<br />
:<br />
. - - • '<br />
,<br />
-<br />
_<br />
: '<br />
. . . _ . - - - ,<br />
I. y<br />
S<br />
' „ ,<br />
• ,<br />
. . ,<br />
I<br />
. - . _<br />
• l R 1 . [<br />
1 v g .<br />
' t<br />
.<br />
•<br />
. , _ I r- •<br />
.<br />
• '<br />
• . .<br />
'<br />
1 ' } 1 I • r<br />
.<br />
I<br />
i<br />
1 • f • 1<br />
r<br />
,<br />
- T<br />
i<br />
•<br />
,<br />
-<br />
.<br />
, CJ<br />
_<br />
r _ S • . r<br />
.<br />
•<br />
. • .<br />
• ,<br />
-<br />
_ . _ - n 1 . .<br />
.<br />
•<br />
r 1<br />
.<br />
_<br />
I<br />
y , ,<br />
J<br />
'<br />
y , I<br />
i .<br />
•<br />
r . : F .<br />
s / T 1 ,<br />
• -<br />
. 'r '<br />
y : _ r<br />
. •<br />
-<br />
.<br />
I<br />
'<br />
'<br />
. ' - '<br />
.<br />
• :<br />
r . - . . j ' ' t<br />
-<br />
r - 1<br />
, . i I<br />
I S r 1 ~ l 4 I • :1 I<br />
r ' . ..<br />
'<br />
,<br />
•<br />
- : •<br />
- .<br />
f . .<br />
' 1' r = 1<br />
.<br />
7 r A •<br />
. . . r-<br />
'<br />
r i :<br />
J<br />
- • -<br />
1<br />
- I • ,<br />
I<br />
• -l<br />
r . Is , f • `<br />
J<br />
• . w<br />
J<br />
l<br />
.<br />
1 . . ,<br />
, l<br />
;<br />
I<br />
7 r ' .<br />
•<br />
'<br />
•<br />
'<br />
-<br />
Y<br />
'<br />
, • , . - ;<br />
•<br />
,<br />
- S . .<br />
,<br />
•<br />
- - ' , . . , •<br />
•<br />
•<br />
- f I<br />
l<br />
.<br />
-<br />
j<br />
` r . .<br />
I<br />
•<br />
. - ,<br />
/ / - • I<br />
_<br />
r r<br />
;<br />
i l L I • 3 • , f<br />
. { .i `<br />
,<br />
!<br />
. '<br />
. . ,<br />
•<br />
•<br />
• s . P _<br />
•<br />
i . J '<br />
.<br />
1<br />
. . . R .<br />
.<br />
/<br />
,<br />
i<br />
.<br />
' I ,<br />
•<br />
_ , + -<br />
'<br />
.<br />
. , _<br />
`<br />
-<br />
.<br />
'<br />
U<br />
-<br />
.<br />
'<br />
• - .<br />
r l - • ) : • i<br />
7 . •<br />
J . +<br />
• _<br />
.<br />
r • C . _ -<br />
-<br />
•<br />
i I _<br />
I<br />
t r<br />
: 7 t<br />
- 1<br />
'<br />
I<br />
a<br />
•<br />
, .<br />
' •<br />
•<br />
r . r . .<br />
• r .<br />
r S ' ' '<br />
--<br />
r<br />
•<br />
r . . i<br />
, •<br />
; ' .<br />
.<br />
,<br />
;<br />
` , '<br />
_<br />
_<br />
• . 4<br />
. _<br />
r T -<br />
r<br />
• - t;<br />
, I 'J .<br />
11 • . i - . • . •<br />
. , >. - - - • .<br />
- L •<br />
• -<br />
- } •<br />
I<br />
G ,<br />
•<br />
- - ,' .<br />
1 T . ' I r r • , I, . _ •< . • , r<br />
. -, -<br />
•`<br />
; ' : . - : , - - '<br />
, • ;<br />
- _{ _ , _ . , _ _ _ - .<br />
1 f<br />
r;•r' c • '•<br />
r t r • • , y . _ S a<br />
}= a a . - , _ ,. . i f t - i r ( r • r<br />
7, • i . r .<br />
- i t •i ' !<br />
•<br />
'<br />
.<br />
1 1 •<br />
; {<br />
I r I .<br />
• J .<br />
, ' •<br />
_ , a r • - hr ' Y t<br />
•<br />
I . y . . - I .<br />
J '<br />
. .<br />
I - • - J ;<br />
i<br />
I •<br />
_<br />
•<br />
' l -<br />
r r r<br />
_.<br />
1<br />
• . . . . •<br />
I<br />
•<br />
r<br />
.<br />
I ` p • K r<br />
i '<br />
.}<br />
• t ' ': : ' t<br />
_- . , ' _ ' 1 • - '<br />
'<br />
. r<br />
'<br />
'<br />
t • ' • - a' '' ' 1 . r<br />
I , . ' •• • •<br />
•- •' • - » • • • •<br />
. . , ; ` i f r _ _ '/ r - r -<br />
f • ' .<br />
•<br />
. r r t r 1<br />
J<br />
i ` '"f ' ' I r ' r . 1<br />
•<br />
+ I , L i • . • ,<br />
! '; i ' '<br />
. • S • •<br />
. • r , -<br />
1 ' i t<br />
S .<br />
'<br />
1<br />
`<br />
• l<br />
•<br />
• y ,, 1 r<br />
`<br />
,<br />
I ; i ' .<br />
I : • _ 1<br />
•<br />
_ I I/ l •<br />
•<br />
.<br />
I<br />
-<br />
; r ' . 1 .<br />
..<br />
_<br />
1 r I<br />
, . ,- t , ,., ' ,<br />
I<br />
, tr '<br />
q<br />
t<br />
- , y<br />
`<br />
• ' j ;. i ' • '] '<br />
7 1 ' ' , i 1 i r •. . . r y`<br />
f<br />
.<br />
' C '<br />
. `<br />
.<br />
'<br />
•<br />
- ' ; . 4 . d<br />
- . . -<br />
I<br />
•<br />
I r - `<br />
j _ . ,<br />
5<br />
-<br />
' ' t<br />
I<br />
- ` ' • - _; 1', •<br />
.<br />
{<br />
`<br />
.<br />
" " .<br />
, . .<br />
:+ _<br />
I<br />
I<br />
, -.<br />
r<br />
,<br />
` ..<br />
_; ` I / ;<br />
_<br />
- a<br />
•' s •<br />
r<br />
' • i .<br />
u<br />
. •<br />
. r<br />
• - , ~<br />
I<br />
, J F '<br />
t - - ' *<br />
, •i J } r . r / ' r i ,<br />
'<br />
' -<br />
• '<br />
ly 7: _ =<br />
-<br />
. .<br />
'<br />
-<br />
- . •<br />
-<br />
: -. I t 1<br />
C .<br />
I<br />
. i '<br />
, y '<br />
1 .<br />
'<br />
'<br />
_ / . t<br />
. r<br />
`<br />
• r`r 4 ' . . _<br />
'r<br />
, , $ f ,` . , : . 0 "17:<br />
y ' O _ • G3 ' y y . , :<br />
AZ<br />
r . r ti, ,<br />
' .<br />
l - r<br />
' j ` - 1_ r '<br />
-<br />
.<br />
i<br />
.<br />
'<br />
, r •<br />
r<br />
f<br />
l<br />
y<br />
"<br />
.<br />
j -<br />
4<br />
r ` + . •<br />
4<br />
'<br />
•<br />
-<br />
•<br />
.<br />
:<br />
•<br />
fi<br />
• . :<br />
. J I<br />
• '<br />
r 7 .<br />
;<br />
. • T , . . ' I -<br />
1 1<br />
. J _ • .<br />
I " • r<br />
s<br />
r . '<br />
l 7 r<br />
y<br />
- r<br />
,<br />
i<br />
l . _<br />
t<br />
_ . ,<br />
1 '<br />
-<br />
' '<br />
.. Y f I<br />
I . • . ,<br />
_ - ! y r ti ,<br />
. 1 '' w.4 1 . $ ` 3 ' I Y • '1 i ' S. f "<br />
, ,<br />
Cl 'F l :<br />
_<br />
a . E .<br />
r ., ' , . .. ,' : •<br />
_ SC<br />
_ f t _ ' . r _ r _ .<br />
J<br />
' `<br />
,l<br />
•<br />
!<br />
• •<br />
~ i , 1 a • - ti r ' { r_ - . r '<br />
•<br />
. r .<br />
"<br />
.<br />
1<br />
• '<br />
•<br />
. . • r ' r r , '<br />
I<br />
•<br />
_<br />
I ! `<br />
•<br />
'<br />
- ? • ,<br />
I<br />
. • , . .<br />
.<br />
f<br />
. I .1<br />
'<br />
- . I<br />
' ?<br />
-<br />
. . .<br />
'<br />
. , , , , . . r •<br />
-<br />
I T<br />
.<br />
1 . '!<br />
a -<br />
,<br />
'<br />
l • • . '<br />
-<br />
'<br />
J,<br />
• • . • . . , c S L<br />
.<br />
2 1<br />
.<br />
_<br />
. • •<br />
l<br />
T W W -<br />
i . '<br />
1<br />
l<br />
W<br />
_<br />
V<br />
r<br />
V / 1 4 ( i<br />
'<br />
;<br />
l<br />
. 7. ! V Y 'Q i t I r i I<br />
i . .<br />
1 t ' /<br />
,<br />
1<br />
•<br />
I " r<br />
•<br />
i<br />
1 , ' •<br />
-<br />
,<br />
. r r<br />
l<br />
.<br />
•<br />
,<br />
1 • . • - • r r 4<br />
,<br />
- • j<br />
/ ' s<br />
-<br />
,<br />
rl<br />
• . I<br />
f , :<br />
.<br />
_ ṭi , . . r<br />
. f '<br />
.<br />
. . I . 1 ' - r _ ' • _ r ' i<br />
' •<br />
L - 1<br />
r .<br />
I . 1 - - . - . - .<br />
. ' _ .I• .<br />
C r .- ,<br />
M 1<br />
r<br />
, _ _ .<br />
-<br />
t<br />
r 1 - r<br />
. - . ' '<br />
_<br />
•<br />
. 1 - '• ( 1 , ; r<br />
+ y j y •<br />
y<br />
! r r t • ' •<br />
,<br />
.<br />
I ,<br />
1 V<br />
: ' Y -r<br />
y<br />
' Y<br />
,<br />
.<br />
1<br />
1 { -<br />
! 'Y 9 : . 'Y ' • >, A r s 3i 3 i .`<br />
-<br />
^ °! . ' , ' l M<br />
.<br />
i<br />
, i .<br />
- . r<br />
. -. I • ' ,. • (<br />
I I<br />
.<br />
T • ' }L l ,<br />
I '<br />
r<br />
_ , I 1 . : -<br />
- - t S<br />
r .<br />
t<br />
.<br />
.<br />
-<br />
}<br />
, -<br />
' • ' • • s - . I<br />
' , , _ t , ,_ . .<br />
I •<br />
I<br />
I<br />
. . - .<br />
.<br />
'IS - . -<br />
J<br />
r<br />
'<br />
. l . r I j " r / E<br />
. • '<br />
-<br />
s<br />
{ . . - - i<br />
.<br />
1<br />
y<br />
J l<br />
' '<br />
L • ,<br />
b<br />
- ' -<br />
Ị .<br />
•<br />
/ ' -<br />
•<br />
' j . 1 ,<br />
f<br />
•<br />
i - . ' : ' !}4 ! F 'R , `K ! • : Y<br />
,<br />
•- i v .<br />
_ .<br />
+ Li .<br />
r<br />
. J 5 ! , i t<br />
'<br />
t<br />
t<br />
r _ ; n r<br />
_T<br />
_<br />
I<br />
M1<br />
,<br />
\ r •<br />
l •1 ' ' y ; .. ' /<br />
_ •<br />
r , •<br />
' 1--- • I<br />
u • I i •<br />
. • -<br />
_I T J ', .<br />
'<br />
I<br />
r - _ ` '<br />
V . j _<br />
_<br />
I • r + t i }<br />
1 ' • i • 1<br />
_<br />
J ,<br />
• F<br />
T - i • I 14 t<br />
r f 1 ;<br />
. . t t<br />
, • r<br />
• -<br />
,<br />
r<br />
}<br />
I<br />
rS<br />
` j ' - v<br />
1 '<br />
s r C 1 .<br />
L<br />
i<br />
,<br />
'<br />
T • i - •<br />
_<br />
• : ' -<br />
- : .<br />
'<br />
I<br />
.<br />
` .• Y .<br />
?<br />
r<br />
'<br />
-<br />
1 1<br />
t i • ti ' y • - 1 - J • s - r . - , , ,, r ( Y • I<br />
, ,<br />
• .<br />
. •<br />
. : . .<br />
. - • • r<br />
. , r I<br />
i<br />
J<br />
_<br />
r<br />
•<br />
: ti _<br />
• .<br />
ia' r<br />
'<br />
•<br />
, s` •<br />
J ' • l : w . '<br />
N<br />
Q l<br />
r<br />
j . A . i .<br />
$ I _ ' r r 'r<br />
r<br />
I<br />
•<br />
I<br />
. . . ' _ _ _<br />
1' r r 7 . , • .<br />
.<br />
• '<br />
I • '<br />
;` .<br />
:<br />
Y<br />
,<br />
}<br />
1<br />
^<br />
- - y ;<br />
. .<br />
T<br />
•<br />
,<br />
K .<br />
-<br />
'<br />
- I<br />
I , ,<br />
•<br />
- y y<br />
'<br />
•<br />
1 J<br />
'<br />
i<br />
•<br />
`<br />
,<br />
`<br />
-<br />
L - . . . _ . . _ . r •<br />
.<br />
•<br />
I<br />
I . . ' ,<br />
1<br />
x ;<br />
.<br />
• '<br />
L I<br />
. r<br />
_<br />
I I<br />
7<br />
-<br />
.<br />
,<br />
'<br />
'<br />
y<br />
j<br />
1 J<br />
- - •<br />
•<br />
'<br />
t<br />
7<br />
/<br />
!<br />
L<br />
r<br />
'<br />
,<br />
f _ r<br />
• '!<br />
@<br />
M r a 7M / i . 's • J<br />
r<br />
A<br />
^<br />
+r l. b<br />
,<br />
i<br />
.^ ' 7 .<br />
'<br />
'<br />
'<br />
!<br />
. .<br />
' '<br />
, .<br />
I<br />
,<br />
Y<br />
'<br />
•<br />
• . r r : ' - : .<br />
- . 4 - "<br />
. , -• • , I<br />
#<br />
,<br />
I - { `<br />
1: : 1 • '<br />
-<br />
1 1. •s _ •<br />
, t = ' '• , '<br />
• I • i . I .<br />
•; „<br />
•<br />
. • r •<br />
•<br />
[<br />
' ,<br />
. . . ,1 '<br />
i<br />
r<br />
r<br />
, I 1 ,<br />
' r , r •<br />
f ^ _<br />
Y<br />
r<br />
_<br />
r<br />
y<br />
1i -<br />
t r , - ?<br />
_<br />
1 I ,r<br />
• _<br />
rl<br />
r .<br />
•<br />
•= 7•• ' _ I<br />
'<br />
I<br />
'] . ' t 'f / A V e - ' • `<br />
,<br />
;<br />
^<br />
a . a -<br />
r<br />
: M' '<br />
'Y i . " i ra<br />
'<br />
_e<br />
t<br />
t<br />
r<br />
,<br />
y '<br />
t<br />
~ '<br />
r<br />
I<br />
! -<br />
t _ • •<br />
-<br />
f<br />
. -<br />
•*<br />
, . a I I . r I<br />
.<br />
; . '<br />
-<br />
r i . 1 h ' _<br />
•<br />
, l<br />
I<br />
,<br />
1<br />
3 s . r i : ,<br />
i ; . . t<br />
I<br />
_<br />
1 / 1 ,<br />
-<br />
• t.<br />
•<br />
•<br />
, ` '<br />
t<br />
' .<br />
, y * l ; r r"` T • . .<br />
' I . . l r<br />
r " #<br />
Y<br />
. r`<br />
1 . . .<br />
r .<br />
{<br />
-<br />
'<br />
,<br />
L<br />
F '<br />
I<br />
'- 1<br />
.<br />
". i : - ' " - ' I - - ' 4• ' b<br />
•<br />
'<br />
,<br />
I<br />
`<br />
, ,_. T ' - - • ọ . a ` r .<br />
. t<br />
o s _ ' t r p s . +e ' . ` a '<br />
. _ . ,<br />
_ • •. '<br />
I<br />
1 _ ( '<br />
. r - -<br />
• i<br />
I<br />
r 1<br />
_<br />
T r r<br />
. w l . , . . - . . ! _ I . •<br />
r • ' r. ,<br />
r<br />
_ , r . _ r<br />
' 1 - • ' r t<br />
•<br />
-<br />
« _ _ '<br />
J ' ; ;r<br />
?<br />
. . r 1 , ' . ' • - -<br />
r i . _<br />
1<br />
.<br />
t<br />
.<br />
}<br />
'<br />
ti<br />
'<br />
' /<br />
I :<br />
_<br />
,<br />
.<br />
'<br />
r<br />
.<br />
I<br />
I<br />
.<br />
• I<br />
.<br />
'<br />
.<br />
.<br />
, •<br />
.<br />
. - .<br />
r l<br />
.<br />
.<br />
•<br />
1 i . . , . . i<br />
•<br />
. . •<br />
/ a r - '/ - .<br />
t _ . _ i j<br />
,<br />
, , . '<br />
_ / . .<br />
, + • r<br />
_<br />
' t : ' • 1<br />
a<br />
' I r ,<br />
I<br />
1 • .<br />
S 1<br />
• . ' _ V - v l '<br />
_ .<br />
, ' -<br />
' Y<br />
. : l .<br />
Ai i V ' 7 . .<br />
7 1 ti V \ 7 i i ' Y<br />
'<br />
/ - 4 • • - r<br />
•<br />
"<br />
,<br />
-<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. • r<br />
. „ S : }<br />
• , - , i ,<br />
- . . I •<br />
.<br />
'<br />
•<br />
,<br />
I ' ,<br />
'<br />
,<br />
?<br />
T<br />
1= . f<br />
•<br />
J<br />
. , , v .<br />
I ' . ' T :<br />
, •s -<br />
! a - ' . . L 7 • , r I 'r '<br />
r<br />
•<br />
1<br />
. ,<br />
I : ' A . - r<br />
.<br />
r<br />
-<br />
. ! ,<br />
G`<br />
"<br />
. y 1<br />
' .<br />
•<br />
J<br />
.<br />
-<br />
- _ . . -<br />
•<br />
{ - '<br />
- l r .<br />
r<br />
•J<br />
. .<br />
, t i i t<br />
l _ - r .<br />
. -' , _ . u ' . 1 = i .<br />
, ' _•' ±<br />
-<br />
:Y! . 1 v J<br />
:~ - - •r • .<br />
- . I<br />
• . •, • . + ,<br />
I<br />
t A +<br />
t<br />
1 - .<br />
` -<br />
r - •<br />
r<br />
< t 1 Q<br />
.- f<br />
. ,. J I • - 4" : -+ • r. v J . ' ,.<br />
tt' • r '<br />
: _ r . - - . .<br />
I<br />
I i ' -<br />
-<br />
,<br />
1 y<br />
•<br />
' , .<br />
' }<br />
!: ,` -<br />
•<br />
.<br />
! ' '<br />
r a . r<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
1 ' r1 . • T<br />
Z :<br />
r r • , r<br />
. •<br />
I f<br />
I<br />
-<br />
•<br />
-<br />
1<br />
` r , !j +<br />
`' ;<br />
I . 1 * - ṛ - ' • ,- •<br />
; " I - . , •<br />
` r ` ; ' - ' • r • J F• . - - } +: 5 r<br />
,<br />
;<br />
'<br />
• _e 1 . , ' i , . , : O 1@: 8 , 1 'C r 3 C&<br />
' & d « . -<br />
' ' ,<br />
•<br />
' 1 . r I • f r - - r . ' I , ' i • . ' •<br />
/ - r ' - _ ' • '<br />
r • i ' I<br />
' • l l -!<br />
' •<br />
•-L<br />
• i . li<br />
F C . .r<br />
.<br />
' . ' •<br />
.<br />
f r - : ' ' i<br />
f<br />
_<br />
.<br />
- I<br />
, 1.1 r.,, I . - , -<br />
. . , , r_ , _- ' , • . , , ,' I i j , .-<br />
.<br />
r<br />
. . • j ' : _ =, , _<br />
• 3 m e : r y - - ' f ' . ,• , C ` ;; oae . ar ' s e . _ - r J 't ' - • , .r 5 _ '<br />
t ' ti •T I , • : l , l `<br />
r I . 1 .. - L r •<br />
_<br />
• .<br />
. .<br />
'<br />
. -<br />
_ • ` i . L n t .<br />
r .<br />
T _ i - r tf- s<br />
. ' 1 ,<br />
t f T Y '<br />
•<br />
r r _ yI 7<br />
-<br />
I 1<br />
_ i - • . r r<br />
. i - r r • ,<br />
r<br />
- .: i<br />
,<br />
L<br />
_ • 1 7 . f ' a - , r a . r - . # . . I _ '<br />
I<br />
_<br />
r _<br />
t i<br />
`<br />
- ,<br />
, [ l<br />
,<br />
f<br />
'<br />
r<br />
_<br />
'<br />
•<br />
'B i ! : i 1 i t l Q , f r D ' ;<br />
i 0<br />
' '<br />
_<br />
r<br />
r<br />
J<br />
i<br />
'<br />
. k r r ti<br />
' • . ;- - u i r 1 U • '<br />
-<br />
t ^ ` r. r<br />
. .<br />
" l -<br />
, i Z ; . . _* t -r[ . _<br />
. . L" Q<br />
.<br />
-<br />
1<br />
,<br />
t - - r-<br />
r<br />
•<br />
u<br />
l<br />
•<br />
i .<br />
j ! 1 + .<br />
'<br />
_ 1 . . . !<br />
- . 1<br />
i J<br />
y ^<br />
. r .<br />
:<br />
• • :<br />
.<br />
)<br />
. J .. / . I • -<br />
I , . . I . J J<br />
T<br />
•<br />
r<br />
I . r . -' '` I . \ 1<br />
•<br />
I -<br />
1<br />
`<br />
1 -<br />
y<br />
r<br />
.<br />
I - . !<br />
. I : , r [ a<br />
_ _1 f ' 6<br />
_<br />
,<br />
1 . y<br />
L<br />
J<br />
. .<br />
j<br />
1<br />
y<br />
1<br />
. ] I v y ,<br />
+<br />
]<br />
.<br />
1 , I + 7 a l , t<br />
'<br />
•<br />
1 '<br />
. , .<br />
L<br />
•<br />
•<br />
. ' f . I ' l '<br />
t<br />
-<br />
,<br />
•<br />
h<br />
r<br />
-<br />
. , \ / , V L ,<br />
.<br />
!<br />
!<br />
' 7<br />
-<br />
r i i l W . J : t ' Q ' ḍ ' W ' ṛ R 7 . ' . 11. Y ! 1! v ' l L. / Yii . M 4 7 • l<br />
'<br />
I<br />
• J ' - n<br />
S<br />
.<br />
.<br />
T f _-. .<br />
Y<br />
.<br />
7<br />
!<br />
r • ,<br />
,<br />
`<br />
i<br />
. .. I . : _<br />
~<br />
- r<br />
, r ti +<br />
,<br />
1<br />
_ r .<br />
' J 1<br />
_ . . + ' -<br />
.<br />
_<br />
. 1<br />
- • - Y<br />
'<br />
-<br />
• , - , J ti ., , '{ ' , } y _ "<br />
. - '<br />
I<br />
: .<br />
.<br />
'<br />
` J '<br />
I<br />
.<br />
s + r I • ,t<br />
!<br />
. {<br />
_ i :<br />
.<br />
-<br />
'<br />
, i .<br />
,<br />
- I<br />
/ ~ r<br />
- - .<br />
1<br />
~<br />
. . lr ' , • 1 I > . _ . , ,+ , , 1 ! ' w 1• , ' •<br />
` . '<br />
1 - -<br />
_ r • •• _<br />
-.<br />
S • r _ - 1<br />
• • - • + i . . ,<br />
"<br />
_ ' - . r<br />
. • •<br />
•<br />
, ' t<br />
T<br />
1<br />
-<br />
_r '<br />
_ , • .. .<br />
' '<br />
I<br />
r<br />
_<br />
'<br />
_ ,<br />
' -<br />
_<br />
,<br />
-<br />
' 8<br />
• _ -<br />
'<br />
`<br />
_<br />
z "' C."<br />
,<br />
' - .<br />
} y y . . •<br />
_ ' + _ Y<br />
J<br />
r r ^ ` • • ,<br />
t r _ i r i l ' . r ,<br />
r • ra • r .<br />
, , , 1 • r<br />
i ` " £<br />
1 I<br />
-<br />
'<br />
r<br />
I<br />
ti - ' a .<br />
, . , • . I - _ .<br />
' : •<br />
,<br />
. . l i ` t i •' . r<br />
- ' ' / L ,<br />
S .<br />
•<br />
. ' i<br />
,<br />
,<br />
. •<br />
. F I . I i I<br />
,<br />
I<br />
I • I . .<br />
'<br />
r<br />
±<br />
_<br />
J 1 f . I !S<br />
_ y l ,<br />
•<br />
1<br />
.<br />
•<br />
: r I<br />
• - r ' ( r . J I .<br />
_<br />
'<br />
• .<br />
•<br />
, . I - y , !<br />
6<br />
l t .<br />
r<br />
.<br />
I ti , r ' I<br />
1 , . • •<br />
` , t . _ 1 - , 1 '<br />
.<br />
1<br />
I . ! '<br />
r<br />
1T i<br />
:<br />
r 1! f i i I A<br />
.<br />
0 / • M! Y . _ V V r r g<br />
- - ; • r I<br />
,<br />
. _<br />
'<br />
R<br />
l<br />
' 1<br />
J -<br />
-<br />
_<br />
.<br />
4<br />
l J<br />
. . ty<br />
T<br />
'<br />
`<br />
I<br />
'<br />
I I r ' '<br />
_<br />
1 ' e • 1 ' r • r . ••' 1 - i<br />
• , . • ,<br />
1 k - . I _<br />
F i .<br />
' • 5<br />
-<br />
.<br />
F<br />
: : • , 1<br />
~<br />
, l ' , • t<br />
•<br />
_ • - • , • 1 . . -<br />
f<br />
. 1 I<br />
, F I * I 1 • ' ~<br />
I<br />
1 I<br />
t<br />
i<br />
•<br />
I<br />
T l I<br />
,, . - w . .<br />
• r s` . . I -<br />
• I f _<br />
r<br />
. '<br />
•<br />
I<br />
-<br />
• l T - 1 I<br />
_<br />
i<br />
-<br />
- ' -<br />
I 1 -<br />
:<br />
! , ' i<br />
t<br />
-<br />
'<br />
r'<br />
'<br />
q<br />
y : . i L '4 i t] _<br />
'Y fj v<br />
'<br />
: , t i .<br />
•<br />
i<br />
.<br />
•<br />
. + i - 1- ( .<br />
i ' 7 i<br />
1 • . , L . }<br />
f L ' ,; ` ' ' . - L • . '<br />
1<br />
- • a<br />
r<br />
.<br />
r<br />
-<br />
- . r _<br />
"<br />
, i<br />
r<br />
}<br />
+<br />
' , . '. _ . . ; : • f ! - : i : . - { .<br />
' - , . , • • i = • , ' ,-r J ' i<br />
_ - S F •, t<br />
•<br />
Z I y<br />
/ , I : l<br />
r<br />
, _ • - I t<br />
. _ i i I . •<br />
, - '<br />
` - • •<br />
. e l ` r<br />
. r<br />
J , a r.<br />
1 • 1 4 : I _<br />
+<br />
I<br />
,<br />
C<br />
f<br />
•Y<br />
•<br />
. •<br />
I<br />
, - • - . i r - ' f ' ^<br />
r ' l 1 : t<br />
' ' .P •<br />
• •<br />
- r •<br />
•<br />
' - y , , k f 1 • 1 • • •<br />
. t .<br />
•<br />
• ( '<br />
.<br />
`<br />
'<br />
• I<br />
` _ k ,<br />
l<br />
•<br />
. .<br />
,<br />
r • •<br />
'<br />
1<br />
. ' s<br />
,<br />
I<br />
- ' • ' -s -<br />
•<br />
'<br />
l<br />
I<br />
•<br />
,<br />
-<br />
.<br />
y<br />
j<br />
• •<br />
,<br />
"<br />
'<br />
I<br />
1<br />
• , +<br />
•<br />
'<br />
- 1 • J ,<br />
'<br />
I<br />
C . r.<br />
+ '<br />
. • •. .<br />
" ' , ' ' y<br />
•<br />
G d" : t --<br />
' ' ' '<br />
' 1 ' :<br />
4$<br />
• .<br />
!<br />
-<br />
t ' _ r.<br />
r.<br />
r - : • .<br />
,<br />
' . r - •<br />
,<br />
' . r<br />
_l<br />
.<br />
r . : r . . - F = '' i . . . -<br />
t '<br />
. r •<br />
, r -`<br />
'<br />
- _<br />
' : ; y<br />
-<br />
i I , • w % • . _ I •<br />
_<br />
'<br />
r<br />
• k •<br />
I I !<br />
• r<br />
- . „ • a '<br />
_<br />
! , _ .<br />
•<br />
•<br />
- .<br />
l<br />
-y<br />
} ' :<br />
I r r . i •i • -<br />
,<br />
' G, .<br />
'<br />
/ d - r h 1 - -. 1<br />
I<br />
.<br />
_<br />
' y IC ; ' '<br />
'<br />
'<br />
l<br />
. -<br />
1<br />
-' . • ' : `<br />
.<br />
1 - / .<br />
•<br />
`<br />
_ ,r i ' '<br />
. •<br />
r •r , ' .<br />
1 i<br />
, ,<br />
,<br />
, 1 J r<br />
•<br />
F<br />
r t . : . • 1:<br />
. . . • ~ r • r<br />
-<br />
- • . .<br />
'<br />
r T 1 ' , i "<br />
r ,<br />
:<br />
- 1 . . F . - . . •<br />
,<br />
r<br />
k - .<br />
`<br />
- - •<br />
. , .r-. : I . i • N _ - " ' ' • r t ' _<br />
-<br />
' ' _ r _ . .<br />
' _<br />
11 , s . • , ' • ' _ - • - .. T _ . - i<br />
F r R<br />
I<br />
' f ' '<br />
' • t<br />
, . . 1<br />
; , ` "'.. - , • .<br />
1<br />
r<br />
:<br />
I . y 1<br />
•<br />
_ .<br />
_<br />
.<br />
S l - t ' _ - ' - ? - -<br />
t<br />
•<br />
F . r . 1 _ ,<br />
i T 1• " 5 • r<br />
1<br />
. • '<br />
-•<br />
1<br />
' . ' • - t<br />
-<br />
f s l<br />
:<br />
. _ ,<br />
-<br />
1 '1 , Y . -<br />
a k 1 i<br />
•<br />
1 : ' .<br />
-<br />
,<br />
- ' ' T - c I r '<br />
f<br />
. 1 . r -y<br />
't '. ' 1 ' ,<br />
t .<br />
. r<br />
i ' 1 r r _<br />
_<br />
_<br />
_ - - y 5 { • / ,<br />
, , y y , ,, , . _<br />
r<br />
,<br />
r<br />
i b - - 1 .<br />
T<br />
• - 1<br />
r - ;<br />
. J .<br />
•<br />
: ; . F i + + . l ! 4 _ ' -<br />
- , ' .<br />
v '! ! ' M i ! ! i l . ḷ H . 4 . r . -<br />
r I(<br />
_ - .<br />
' - - 1 . ' •<br />
' • r ' . -<br />
I<br />
i • , a :"••, - , a .<br />
'<br />
_ . r , ' l ; . J<br />
. . j T . _ . \ L 1 . i I<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1 , 7<br />
'<br />
.<br />
S<br />
• ti '<br />
-<br />
J Tt t<br />
_<br />
r ` , 5I<br />
-<br />
F r . . . i .<br />
• : i -<br />
•<br />
5 ] l . • I • , . r '<br />
!<br />
,<br />
i<br />
,<br />
I i d 9 . t r<br />
r<br />
T 1 ' #<br />
_<br />
'<br />
r<br />
r<br />
r - . , rJ t j 2 r . • . , . 'r F<br />
! ,<br />
,<br />
'/ }<br />
•<br />
F :<br />
_ i<br />
'<br />
1<br />
'<br />
'<br />
I I •<br />
- F '<br />
I<br />
, ; { .y i<br />
. . . •<br />
v • - , _ { . 7 " 11 1 U t • ~<br />
r + r1 , 'j , 1Y"<br />
_<br />
:<br />
, t 4 L<br />
II<br />
I<br />
`<br />
I<br />
1<br />
j<br />
r<br />
, •<br />
- f r - i<br />
r<br />
,<br />
r<br />
r ' ri l - !<br />
- _ 'f ' = , A .<br />
F • I 7 ' , 1<br />
, _ . . _<br />
I ! I I , I - 1 f I L I I . . •<br />
• . = t . r<br />
L<br />
l<br />
.<br />
'<br />
- , • J S 1 l f 7<br />
„<br />
l r : I r . - r I i• _ . - I _<br />
_ . . -• • - 'r -•- . '. * f '- ; .<br />
r<br />
j<br />
^<br />
.<br />
- • -<br />
•<br />
r<br />
'<br />
' • . -<br />
t<br />
+<br />
;<br />
.<br />
' 1 -<br />
I<br />
_ . -<br />
. . .<br />
-<br />
I<br />
. ,<br />
• 1<br />
I<br />
'<br />
-<br />
.<br />
r } 1/<br />
r<br />
.<br />
1 A Z u r<br />
`<br />
,<br />
'<br />
I<br />
4<br />
~<br />
• i<br />
.<br />
r<br />
r<br />
-<br />
'<br />
r<br />
•<br />
• .<br />
f<br />
i -<br />
J {<br />
•<br />
. . ! 1 f<br />
i ' ' j • r<br />
_<br />
r .<br />
r 'i '<br />
Y<br />
I<br />
• • r<br />
•<br />
' j<br />
'<br />
r<br />
•<br />
. -<br />
'<br />
. { i ' I S [ • S<br />
_<br />
•<br />
i<br />
i<br />
+<br />
•<br />
,<br />
{<br />
/ Cr<br />
:<br />
? h<br />
r<br />
I<br />
I .<br />
` 5 , !<br />
.<br />
; T<br />
_<br />
j<br />
r<br />
r rr -. I rt - 4 - ' ' . , .<br />
' t - I _ ! I- • r<br />
+<br />
. J ,<br />
; - y k I<br />
- -<br />
,<br />
• r I ' r , ' r<br />
. r + • Y r r '<br />
'<br />
-<br />
. r . r , i<br />
i . . , • . .<br />
I ,<br />
.<br />
' •<br />
.<br />
^<br />
'<br />
qtr<br />
.<br />
' ' . , ,<br />
t<br />
'<br />
• j t I _<br />
i<br />
)<br />
, S" • I , I r •<br />
'<br />
t , } -<br />
,<br />
-<br />
.<br />
J =<br />
T ><br />
I. - J<br />
J4 ; , } '• . . .<br />
4 I ; I . ^al<br />
I<br />
r G<br />
•<br />
l<br />
,<br />
L ' r<br />
T<br />
,<br />
t<br />
. . .<br />
r f ti r<br />
. 1 -<br />
l<br />
.<br />
`<br />
a<br />
L „<br />
*<br />
•<br />
1' i 1 ' i . , Y<br />
,<br />
1 „ ' • I ' _ 7 ' - •<br />
r ^ _ - •<br />
} ,<br />
r l<br />
• r_ -<br />
11 -<br />
. . , : . r • 1 , . • . t _<br />
I ,<br />
,,<br />
.<br />
-<br />
' . ti ti l •- : r •'<br />
.<br />
r = , : i . ; • 1 ` .<br />
• _ . • ' r ' t '' I • .<br />
' ' tt ' '<br />
. r j , ' • ! •<br />
' I<br />
/.<br />
' r _ Y. . . . • , .:. • , ..- A ' • .<br />
'. xr : :' , , I, . , - ' r - . ' ' : , "<br />
,<br />
. -<br />
- - P r - ' - r s - :' r r . . I v 'r - . • r•<br />
'<br />
r • I - rl r I<br />
r i . I r<br />
.-` , . + • J F r, ț 'I , , ' t<br />
. . ' ! • . + ,<br />
• - •<br />
I<br />
t<br />
. • 1 ,<br />
. I I<br />
'<br />
.<br />
U ) {<br />
,<br />
I {<br />
'<br />
' •<br />
t<br />
_ 7 .<br />
• /<br />
i<br />
l<br />
.<br />
1<br />
-<br />
r , • I l<br />
a<br />
i<br />
L<br />
. - .<br />
r<br />
.<br />
•<br />
-<br />
J<br />
I<br />
" '<br />
j<br />
-<br />
- j 1<br />
'<br />
I<br />
r • , 7 1 . . I . a Y I I ' 4 • t<br />
. \ / •H • I I _<br />
'<br />
'<br />
i r •<br />
r 7 L -<br />
/ 1 ` ' 1 . r '! p . .<br />
j e .<br />
i<br />
,<br />
I r -<br />
- /<br />
' - , 1<br />
, . _ r 1<br />
r<br />
.<br />
'<br />
`<br />
, , r . , .i<br />
. - S a l<br />
/<br />
• _<br />
1 1 - _ . J u<br />
_ .<br />
- .<br />
. , "'- , Y .<br />
n t - r<br />
.<br />
-<br />
.<br />
r . •<br />
x<br />
`<br />
1<br />
-- . `<br />
i "<br />
f • . ^ ' -<br />
`<br />
y À 1 . r 1 ' 5 , - • ' l i r ' 1 •<br />
'<br />
1 . h •<br />
'<br />
-<br />
. ,<br />
•<br />
,<br />
;<br />
r<br />
r • L ' r i<br />
.<br />
' 1 ' r j t . • 1<br />
r<br />
r<br />
*<br />
. ` \ .<br />
1<br />
I ti s . • "- ' 1 • t ,<br />
+<br />
,<br />
r<br />
.<br />
/ i<br />
t<br />
- ' / r • r<br />
1 Y ; -<br />
/ F .<br />
r ' F r -<br />
I<br />
_ i<br />
} N [ tl<br />
. , . •<br />
_ `<br />
1• I . ^<br />
. i i a ` ' , • •• J _ I r` y . '<br />
R ' 1- . r •<br />
. 1> '- ' - 1- r<br />
-<br />
i r r<br />
' {<br />
r<br />
I<br />
•t<br />
_ ' a , , i y<br />
. T i ' r •* a '<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
-<br />
131 -<br />
•e<br />
j .<br />
Ta nk ax ct Suppl y I n s t a l l a t i on s :<br />
a . A ove round 120<br />
b .<br />
Below round 120<br />
c .<br />
Suppl y durupr 1 2 0<br />
d .<br />
Fi e l d durnps c on t ai ni n ,<br />
o a: un i t i on 121<br />
b .<br />
City Uistricts :<br />
a . Ad ministrative buildin s, b usiness 5tructures 121<br />
b .<br />
Densely populated areas (30 • L u ilt - up ) 121<br />
i c .<br />
Spareely populated areas ( abvut 10 - 2G; built - up ) 121<br />
7 .<br />
Railroads<br />
a .<br />
Upen tracks , emt an krnent s 122<br />
b .<br />
Statioue with ro lli n, stock 122<br />
c. t orkshops, d epots, roun duouses , switcii yards 12c<br />
$ .<br />
Brid ea<br />
i<br />
a . id ooden Urid es , spannine 10 - 27 f eet 1 2<br />
b . ontoon trid oes 122<br />
c .<br />
Rr i dg e s ma de o f .<br />
br i ck or l i ; l t c vnc r e t e s t r uc t ur e ,<br />
spanning 17 -<br />
66 feet 122<br />
d .<br />
Reinforced concrete or steel sLruciure uridges ,<br />
spannit $3 -<br />
u60 f ee t lz2<br />
e . ox girders , spanning 4 C - 100 f eet 12j<br />
f .<br />
L a t t i c e vror k br i dg e s , bpanni n;; u 3 -<br />
6 u 0 f e e t 1 23<br />
g .<br />
Box girders oa h igh pill ars , about 163 f ee t ligh 123<br />
h .<br />
Suspension bridges measurin ,<br />
330 - 3 ,<br />
300 f ee t 123<br />
i .<br />
Swi ng an d dr a w br , g e s 1 2 3<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
,<br />
- 1 32 -<br />
P<br />
9 .<br />
Ai r f i el ds<br />
.<br />
a .<br />
Large hangars made of steel and concrete 123<br />
b .<br />
Aircraft shelt r , workshops ,<br />
dumps , etc .<br />
123<br />
c .<br />
Individua l , unpro tected aircraft in tents and also in<br />
blast bays 124<br />
d .<br />
Runways and airstrips<br />
z24<br />
10 .<br />
Troop T ar e ts<br />
a . L anding operations . , t xoop assemblies 124<br />
• b .<br />
Truck columns , ra di o and radio direction facilities ,<br />
troop billets 124<br />
c .<br />
Armored cars ,<br />
landing barges , etc .<br />
124<br />
11 .<br />
Field Positions<br />
a . F ront lines, o . pen trenches , and for tified positions<br />
de ended by small arms 124<br />
b .<br />
Ant i a i r c r a f t an d f i e l d a r t i l l r r y u p t o 10 5 - uun i n<br />
open field positions 125<br />
•<br />
c .<br />
Medium artillery in fiṛ ing positions ; 1j0 -<br />
40 - mm<br />
motorized guasr 210 - 350 -mm railroad guns 125<br />
12 .<br />
Fortified Lines :<br />
a. C oast artillery in concrete firin ; positions pro- .<br />
t e c t e d by a r no r 1 2 5<br />
b .<br />
Concrete bunkers with 10 - foot cover 125<br />
13 .<br />
Nav al Bases ,<br />
Port Ins talla tions :<br />
a . W arvea and berth s for ships 125<br />
b .<br />
Unloading<br />
insta ll ations , piers , etc.<br />
125<br />
c .<br />
Lock gates ,<br />
dock entrances 126<br />
d .<br />
Fl oa t i r s doc ks 1 2 6<br />
Power stations , asoline dw nps , etc .<br />
126<br />
1 + .<br />
Ot he r Ta r e t s :<br />
a .<br />
Mine fielda , wire barrages , etc 126<br />
.<br />
b .<br />
Dams ( across valleys ) , b arrages 12b<br />
c . oft (dirt} barrages and dams 126<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- ljj -<br />
b .<br />
i a va l T a r e t s ( Fl ; , l l•e s r e pr e : en t t on n a ; e a r d a r cao r - p l a t i u )<br />
F a ; e<br />
l .<br />
/ [v a er n b a t t l e s b i r<br />
J L ,<br />
U J t i L U II S ,<br />
l t ' J - 1 G1 1 G<br />
2 .<br />
1 • lo d er n ba ,<br />
t t l c n i p<br />
j7 ,<br />
UU0 tons ,<br />
1bU - mui 127<br />
j .<br />
A ircraft carrier<br />
2 j ,<br />
0 U0 t o n s ,<br />
71 - :nttt i 2 7<br />
•<br />
j .<br />
. Old er- t ype ba ttieslrip<br />
j G Uu G t , o r 7<br />
, -- n rc 1 2 7<br />
: ed vy Cr u . s e r<br />
1 0 ,<br />
UOU t on s ,<br />
j l - fwu 12 7<br />
b .<br />
Li ht cruiser<br />
4 ,<br />
J 7U t ons ,<br />
j U - a 12'r<br />
7 .<br />
l o d e r n d e s t r oỵ er<br />
2 ,<br />
J v0 t oais ,<br />
2 U - iam 2<br />
't i . T orpedo Loat , otiier auxili ary<br />
vesUe is<br />
00 zons lzo<br />
•<br />
9 .<br />
Su :arine ,<br />
just procediup to uive<br />
j 00 t ons 1<br />
1G .<br />
Tr a ils p or t ve s s e l<br />
l ,<br />
vu U t o ls 1 3<br />
11 .<br />
Fr e i h t er<br />
4 -<br />
U ,<br />
ODU tons 12<br />
1 2 .<br />
S na l l f r e i p h t e r<br />
2 -<br />
4 ,<br />
J v u t o n s 1 2 tS<br />
l j .<br />
S ; eed b oa t s , o a t pos t pa t ro l b oa ts , e t c .<br />
123<br />
1<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
-<br />
,<br />
1 `} -<br />
Li s t o f I 1 .<br />
: L_•d i: i c ti ;;<br />
i o .<br />
o f I i l .<br />
:: e o f i e : t<br />
G l ,<br />
, • • ,<br />
, ,<br />
C -_ i<br />
v l l l S t C t1 C J " UI C U !:: i 5 ,<br />
i . ị a l l Gl `L' o O i C<br />
- J l :<br />
J J - 'J i<br />
G<br />
.<br />
IJ I I e C L U 1 i J , ' . - . +- U'o : lJ i u : U .<br />
: : 1d V:1 1 .<br />
V(: _i 'L ; E; 1 S : C' -<br />
1<br />
.<br />
U 1<br />
c : 5 . l i t' ,<br />
i l j ii a C .<br />
l O i . .> .:<br />
I .<br />
=%U<br />
. : G :j<br />
. x l 1C1 a t ' I' _<br />
1 r`. 1 . ! U t' . : 1 VḺ' i ' + U i 11 . 1`. . 5' G<br />
'<br />
= ' . G<br />
c: U . : e S l : ' .<br />
: ḷ l :! " G t Z S S{J 'C t .<br />
,l O .<br />
_ 1 V 8 : O . li u : ,<br />
"<br />
- ' O<br />
`<br />
l r<br />
• i ' a (: t 1T. t<br />
_ 0 1 4 ' O :a u 3 ' - r<br />
, . .<br />
G U • l l l .<br />
l 1 . . 1 . . L E - ' u i ' : J i t v li 1:I G .<br />
7<br />
Y<br />
=,<br />
s - y •<br />
1' 1<br />
. r ; 1`± B X .<br />
i U i Y C ia i i l .<br />
l i : ḷ fl - L i : :' ;,<br />
?<br />
t O lu l .+ .`<br />
`Ei<br />
- `{ ' f<br />
•<br />
U .<br />
I' ..i C I ' - iJ 1 l' T' C : ' _ _,<br />
i ; U L US t v - V<br />
i<br />
. .<br />
'_ i E la O t<br />
- v 0 : t I ' O i I ' _ .<br />
« UT - i i L t - ' I ' C _ _ i l ; f U :a : ; 7 l %<br />
.<br />
!<br />
.<br />
' o l l a aY- C l i T ,. j e v 0 :1 4 S j `- '<br />
J<br />
j<br />
.<br />
u i d c: r - t y I>e t _:j l o s v e: Ua l:: s ,<br />
c a e o r } I > u -<br />
_<br />
_<br />
.<br />
Ul u . - ; i: , , e e :•,, l c s i v L n. s , c a c ; o r I ị - -<br />
j<br />
. r ; .<br />
e c t r o i. i l. CCll Ul a h y uo ii c c : -<br />
J<br />
j o .<br />
i i , ti e ca -.<br />
v e i . i c e ti d i .<br />
i • , . ; v - :: 1<br />
•<br />
± . i t , •<br />
l - :: 2<br />
, , _ .<br />
_ . . Ol d e r - t « p e i ilc r il di a r y t a :ab -<br />
7 a<br />
y .<br />
Ae r i d l .<br />
l i v e r y c on i l, e r s<br />
o<br />
- '1<br />
4 ,<br />
; .<br />
Fi g t e r bo::i e r a n ci n i s a iic ;r uo: L SL<br />
l .<br />
i;os e - s p i i e u Uo b s , :re i :•l i n , ; :i - a l.<br />
i J C l b s ,<br />
i<br />
-<br />
G U -. : i : C E Q 1 5 a ;<br />
J ' i c ' J U J<br />
7<br />
4 . ;e r i _<br />
a i !i a e L1 i ,<br />
Ci ir : i c i i .o ' t itC ) , a i: d ;: :uo_. e<br />
l , ^ :rr t i i •<br />
;L; j lJ -<br />
, - i ' ' U S a d j :i a *<br />
`+ . J<br />
-<br />
• l ..<br />
l i e<br />
U O C i(1'v - '`<br />
o<br />
' ' 7<br />
+4 .<br />
r'l s h n a r, a r z u o 1: ' t; c ,<br />
( Ll: J J : i _<br />
ti 1 (: J ) J -<br />
- + 5 .<br />
Ai i •- ; e d :Z e s c u e a l ,<br />
Il a J . 5 I ,u . I: z n a S , 'l a s 'r: Lo ,ii;<br />
Ḷ C<br />
6<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 135 -<br />
+o . 1'a e o f Tex t<br />
+ b . . er a l de i i v e r y c on t a i ne r s o<br />
- 1<br />
+7 .<br />
Bo m s dr o c: ci Yi t 11 a n.: ri t nout ii e a d r i n j 5<br />
,<br />
48 .<br />
Bomi i us e i n i or r a t i oii 7 1 - 7 3<br />
a .<br />
R an e f i nde r , s •wi t c l: i n , a ii o e r a t i on o f EL A'L l 2<br />
jU .<br />
T ụpa ct f use f or SD 10 h o .<br />
(3 ) ,<br />
f or SD 1 (i 3 ) 39 -<br />
40<br />
j l<br />
.<br />
L n - d e l a y £ us e<br />
( 1 7 ) , :Ji Lh J o DS t ( 4 u ) , jx / o u t ( a ) 3 y - +0<br />
7 z .<br />
i ;f f e c t o f t l e 1 ,<br />
1 0 1 a s '^i h - e x F l o s i v e k o mb a a i n s t<br />
t l r e e Rus s i an na vdl v e s s el s 1 1<br />
•<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
. - i 1- r , i ; _<br />
L<br />
: : l :a l l ; .<br />
t<br />
l U l : U i L i : e :<br />
;<br />
i<br />
r<br />
:. •.<br />
t t i i c G<br />
; ,:LI'<br />
_ U U .<br />
`.y' L , U I : . : G t: : c .<br />
Uti a : t u e Lu i i ; . .a i l n<br />
i 1i : .<br />
- . I L 1 ' IL ; t ?Z v iJ .<br />
: ' ><br />
+ .<br />
1 .<br />
7"! ;<br />
' .<br />
n Z . : I l ; : CI : C I . I U : .<br />
< : t I; C U .<br />
' Cl l f 1 _ : . U i , . . ? 1 ! ' . `, 1 i 1 . , 1 t : 1 U 1 i<br />
ti<br />
I<br />
u i<br />
- _ C 'IJ .` ' - :<br />
I' 1 ; rLt? C t a i GL; .<br />
U I' : : 1L' ;l Ui . : i l i' i .<br />
, .<br />
;:111c1<br />
ii Ui:- e x y i o i v e . V ; e a u r e u :u'c;U.<br />
.<br />
1 1' C i' ' C ' T' t ' :1C' S l ,<br />
, , ;; Jl :z t e ivi . i .<br />
!1 E U : 1 ;- ; U I __ E ' . ? i : : F' . : . : i . i ; E , ' U l<br />
•<br />
e: , i . o . , i v e s l: e y c c ,. t a i i:e d a s<br />
. : i o ;r:, :<br />
:<br />
. r t . _ ' U :lt L N i t . l l i , ! 1E' _ . . -: 1 ! ' _ i, y C T' C e L 1<br />
. .<br />
: 1' U `:,' . , . -. i ; :J 5 1 V C:<br />
w<br />
. i . l i<br />
. J U : :i li S l : L i. l u t J .<br />
i i E: 1 ' C t : a t . : : 1<br />
_ ; c i 1 V 8 : ;<br />
. . J .<br />
0 I.1 J : i L: r 3 i j U y .<br />
C l.' : ; L i .<br />
: . : .<br />
i 1 . U : i a \ r t ; S j<br />
; .<br />
IJ . u o z o 4 •<br />
c o n t a i i : e : _<br />
i j . -e . ' c e .Zt ;: j .<br />
; .<br />
U: 1 VE' a ; i ; ; ,<br />
: ,<br />
a .<br />
i<br />
.<br />
o o . , u ;, i : a cz a c i -c e rl a ,, e; i ' ;<br />
-<br />
` J e x . .<br />
1 •r e c u r .<br />
t; e : .<br />
t s .<br />
t41 l : - L' . : N1<br />
.. L VE: . O L, US :<br />
L .<br />
: •<br />
! .<br />
. l a s s r ; : l l i : , t : r :: 1 1 UULL ) - - a c o u e u e i zi a ; . : i v : .<br />
,<br />
_' :a 0 i - 1 ' L' L' C 1 11 ,<br />
U t11Ut :<br />
:<br />
t ' . L .<br />
A L' t. U l ' -<br />
l<br />
c; l C; 1 i 1 '; u u :;l ; a a c .<br />
l<br />
F ' . : .<br />
x ' .<br />
.: c; 2• - l , c: t : e i; a t<br />
-_ t L; c .. i U .<br />
l u e . .<br />
c i a : o :: u :<br />
l , ".<br />
:: 1<br />
,<br />
r + . 'r 1 t 1? 3 l -<br />
E3 E 1 Gv :<br />
_<br />
I -<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- -<br />
arrE , Jix z<br />
r l a ra Lo :<br />
1 3 tn C<br />
, ,a Lo m u : i'ri e s e t o ::: s te r a r u d u c e u a " r e i a i i a t i o n we a t u la i n<br />
c,r i i r r 't o r a v e i t t h e e a e ;uy i r o zu u s l n , ; a s .<br />
h . e .<br />
S , r ,<br />
i r: a a r a t u s -. n d a s l r a ; r .<br />
c . l .<br />
I io r e u v e r ,<br />
c; l i•e re r e s o e o t 'r _<br />
e z• ' : : o .<br />
b s L : a t ze r e , o L : d<br />
•<br />
: o r Lo mi r ;; i c i s uu t o n l ,, a s u :, i l i a r ;; e : , o l s o i v ; r i c u s Ly e s<br />
i il c i i r i e r e n t l t l .<br />
l ll o i ; e r t , u : s , , u c i i a s :<br />
a ,:o : e b o :. a s c o c a : . ::o u l a ; ; e l r i e r<br />
. i r _<br />
. v •1 e iit ti L' Ur<br />
f i x i; d i i s t a i l cl :. .<br />
F l a r e h o i~i k s t o 1 a . ; ; h c u , a r e t , .<br />
i a r i x .<br />
; t i i e : : o u r s o r c i a r k -<br />
T1E3 5 •<br />
F l a s i:a i: U S t o s r o a ; c e a r a i a l i o t , ; r : .<br />
t i s ci a r' 1 2 . ; - ; i l e IIl ; C i t .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
i -<br />
. i I : I I<br />
L L f ; , . :•: l i e i;- ; ẓ l : ; _ o i : i ' j _; cu u :;e 1 ,<br />
:i<br />
L J V _ y J • I<br />
J<br />
- L ? C' i: LO , .<br />
O h . - , U , . : i , - > . : : t -<br />
i<br />
_ ' i i := !' .- ,<br />
; C _<br />
t? 1 i . 1 - 1 1<br />
C i, i C . C ;<br />
1<br />
.<br />
L C :a : U l ' a I'<br />
. 1 1 . V _ : G L ,:i ' .. l i<br />
, : z u . .<br />
_<br />
•<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
AFF : . i ; LY<br />
I I I<br />
i h e L e c e l o i - a eii L o f I u c e d i a ;y a n c L :; .<br />
U l o s : i e so a b s<br />
• - - - --- ---- -<br />
o : t i i e L u f t :r: i f e<br />
a n a i h e .<br />
r S t a t u : o f :- c a ii ne<br />
,<br />
i or<br />
Fr c c ur e: en t<br />
( x t . a c t e a f r a a t u u y Cn i t l e ci : " S i i o r i s u r r e y o i t h e R e s e a r Gli a n d<br />
i e v e l o n i e . t o f o r1 Ḻ s e f o r e 1<br />
..<br />
» a l d E s c d u l i s h l e n v f l e i r<br />
l e c t Ii i c a l S t a t u s a s i Gl Il ,<br />
; u f L e l a r t u r e i r r : e a r r ,a ue n c " y<br />
en er a l I ia r yu a x d ( te t . )<br />
_<br />
Lu r i n ,<br />
;Jo r l : la r I I a ::c : . ;i i l 1 4 : e n e r a l :" a r ua r a<br />
a s . •e s l on s i l e f o r r e s er a c i an d cie v e l c ; aeu t u f : 1 1 L uiaLs z or<br />
Y:e L u i , :ra i f e .<br />
iuo ; ,<br />
i ii c i a u : a s i t h e f o i i o : ri n : -, s :: t 1 S L1 .<br />
C; :, a r e a l i t L e<br />
:i : 5 a n i d e v e l o p e : : i + _<br />
s l i a t c o u i d : o t i e c o :: a l e i ci : ; e f c r e t h e<br />
n d c t i e d r .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
i<br />
r'<br />
:<br />
_<br />
,; I ;<br />
. l i , n _<br />
r i 1: _e _<br />
_<br />
t _<br />
i ;; .<br />
. c _. :: _ .<br />
T- _. d . _ - 1._ _ _ -- = . 1: . _ , e 1_ ! ' .,.z f i'<br />
_<br />
. 1 _ -a J L i a - - L l l : (.<br />
r r o : ) • :e l: : _<br />
r : i ;: L y : , ,<br />
: _i l _ U i : u 1' C 1' r . _ ' .<br />
t , .. . i . i E<br />
. . i L i l ._ : 1 ( . ; i<br />
. . . L f . u<br />
_<br />
1'<br />
_ : l V t ; 1 : . .<br />
: . .<br />
l :. .<br />
U f<br />
_ . . . . _<br />
, i<br />
:<br />
,<br />
J i i _ i : . _ . 1<br />
..<br />
.<br />
] i . . :: ! :<br />
. C 1 1<br />
.<br />
_ . - .<br />
L<br />
u l : 1 V - I' I'<br />
.<br />
L: ` I : L a C 1 .<br />
l; ?:<br />
. i J l: , .: ._<br />
1 , ; = ,<br />
. , _.<br />
I ' 1<br />
. .<br />
_ . _ f? : ; :<br />
C`<br />
: J<br />
j ' ,<br />
J -<br />
,<br />
. .<br />
J ! 1 - ' .<br />
' 1 U . : 1 .<br />
w C<br />
, . V . . ,<br />
i,<br />
.<br />
L<br />
I<br />
.<br />
i<br />
I<br />
: i<br />
., .<br />
a ; t<br />
j l . i :<br />
l 1 1 + : ,_ F ; : ) 1 L<br />
l 1' 1<br />
. ' .<br />
_ . . .<br />
,<br />
.<br />
, . .<br />
V J . _<br />
1<br />
- 1 _ l j<br />
a -<br />
- t l<br />
J<br />
C .<br />
J 1<br />
f<br />
.<br />
f _ .• . . .. . .,. '<br />
)<br />
•. __ . i v<br />
t<br />
i l<br />
1 .<br />
i .<br />
. : . L I - .<br />
. .<br />
L<br />
. - '<br />
. . . 1 ' • i v 1 V` C .<br />
'<br />
._ V . . r . l<br />
' .<br />
' U l i . . `, 11 1<br />
1 j J L L<br />
. .<br />
:<br />
- ° J<br />
_<br />
v U l : ( .. . . i 1 ( ; ' U<br />
1 . . ,<br />
i '<br />
. : : _ _ _ . : F i t c i l _ ` t R ? ' _<br />
E?<br />
.<br />
i<br />
) : _i .<br />
r<br />
v<br />
, ' , L i - -<br />
l t 11<br />
f - 1 L '`J `. _ . .<br />
l i L Q L 1<br />
: . ;, 1<br />
: : 1 .<br />
1 : .<br />
1 1 1<br />
h : L<br />
.<br />
1 J - :-<br />
_<br />
1: _<br />
_ ' 1: _ _i _ I: ; .. . . -• ! - , l : J' .<br />
-<br />
. 1 1 . . 5 a i i i ' y : U C i }'_i : i Z' :L . 1. . i 'a t . 1 'J :1<br />
.<br />
t ) , U - -<br />
. •i 1 1 G 1 ' ,<br />
' 1 C ' .<br />
il _<br />
_ •'v : . ; _<br />
. ' U :. .<br />
U<br />
1<br />
. .<br />
u U f: ' ? ' $ l i l L E ' . i U C 1' : .<br />
. .<br />
: i l .<br />
1 : 1l : . ur :<br />
t el ; ; • • •r : a<br />
o<br />
: ; l; : 1 t<br />
, . _ '<br />
= L _<br />
- ' T ', '<br />
.., i ' f l G ? .. . .. _.<br />
1i C ' t . ._<br />
' El -<br />
a i ' _ u cj<br />
. :1 i . 1 1<br />
> l<br />
T<br />
l . _ .<br />
' i<br />
_ ... . w' i ; _.<br />
w 7 1J II V - . . a . : _ j . a _ 1 _ ': . . - j • • .. . ' i ; (i ; C 1: : : .<br />
: I . 1<br />
1 U U 1 1 S<br />
. , . „ .<br />
l L ' ;' '. :<br />
. _. _. . . I '. . ! i .J<br />
. . .<br />
: V<br />
v " . } - i i . • 11 11i i 1 T C; 1 i i L .l :.. : , ' 1<br />
1<br />
. 1 _ _ l<br />
1<br />
. : i 1<br />
\<br />
_ ' . : 1 1 . 1: : ty l . r<br />
-<br />
L t 1<br />
.<br />
a l<br />
E !<br />
.<br />
U<br />
I<br />
_<br />
.r { 1J 1 J<br />
. : t<br />
-<br />
_ :<br />
1 _<br />
i<br />
.<br />
c 1<br />
- ' v i . . _ l ' 2 ' i<br />
.<br />
. '<br />
:%L ! . .<br />
ti<br />
• .<br />
-<br />
: i : r f? r<br />
. , ' . _<br />
' t ' ; , J `- - -<br />
i<br />
. - i l .<br />
1 e<br />
. .<br />
f 1<br />
_<br />
:<br />
.<br />
t<br />
•<br />
. L" E; U -<br />
. G .<br />
I 1 I '<br />
_ ? -<br />
• I ' :l<br />
, : ,i i . 1 L _ L 1 U L1 u G : ..<br />
:;<br />
1 1J 1 ' L' S ., G l V<br />
. . `; t l E<br />
_<br />
l : ' i U J ) : i i ' a i u : ' - I; .<br />
1 .<br />
:= i U i : .. 0 : : ' / . v . .<br />
l t :<br />
- -<br />
.. ' t'! G • i i : : : 1 ' 0 : : . .<br />
i i;<br />
.. . L l:<br />
_<br />
: t 1 : .<br />
: C: L: T ,<br />
i L : 1. ; I L': C 4 : i .<br />
L<br />
.<br />
1<br />
.<br />
L U G :<br />
. : t. .<br />
a i I ' I<br />
-<br />
: . r<br />
_ l . U . 1 V -<br />
.<br />
_<br />
` ,<br />
1 _<br />
- i ; : . i i l U : :<br />
.<br />
U v i ;<br />
7 1 `- . .<br />
' ' .<br />
; l<br />
.. _ .<br />
ri<br />
t1<br />
i ,<br />
] ' 1 ' . 1 V V -<br />
' 1 I I I f<br />
' ' .. ilJ lJ i : _<br />
V<br />
t i 31<br />
.J L I ' .<br />
i ' .<br />
i '<br />
. . .. . L l ; 1 f ' .` ' , -<br />
_ : i . i i L . 'v .<br />
. .<br />
, . Cl l . .<br />
!<br />
,<br />
J 1 / T _.<br />
- i l t t<br />
l<br />
i _<br />
t ' 'l . -<br />
' r '. .<br />
' J -<br />
r a :<br />
.. : V I ' -<br />
. L : • Z' i . . L 1. ,<br />
L .<br />
r , : .. f 1 . ..<br />
' 1 .<br />
: :<br />
; ! I t<br />
L'<br />
: L:1 L J f . + _,<br />
- 1'<br />
. L , _ i : .<br />
L) (. : . .<br />
J J i . i<br />
.. _ . _ :' E i'<br />
. . ' l_ ! ' ti<br />
..<br />
l: . . .<br />
l<br />
. : i . l ' V . , t: I i .<br />
r ' i<br />
; _<br />
i iil<br />
V J .<br />
J _<br />
: ..<br />
. : ::?e u C !i! 1; l , L V U ! c:<br />
' rr t l<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
N<br />
: 1 L 1 X 7 Y<br />
- j -<br />
; • ;a t.u i a c t ur er He i;o :7s i Ul e<br />
U l ' [ , c ' 1 O fi l l .<br />
. _<br />
i ; + l : i l u )<br />
- - . =e c r o.1 l :: c e i ; . i a r y u o l.; ,<br />
i i 1 ; v I1 1 . . l ' + 1 11<br />
. C : t : 1 , ; i i<br />
,<br />
Y 1 P<br />
1<br />
r, r ; r l l; j J -<br />
C o u : i : la c i o ri i n o e l: :i i ,<br />
r -<br />
G . . l O 1 1 L 1 1 _<br />
UU : .<br />
l b ,<br />
1 j<br />
. V 1 'v' S : .<br />
i l'<br />
• - ' w<br />
C . ' : , 'J 0 ; - : 1 a ; 1:<br />
: ' r Or i , `, U U C • C 1 . . ' U 1 i S r .. _ ' v 1 1 l1 C 1 L1<br />
.. - ,. : ,<br />
i. L I. I ' G:1 , t 1<br />
U L : I: 111 o L 't .<br />
L<br />
- , , .<br />
8<br />
,:, L U - - . _ u l ci ,l e - y r , ,<br />
_<br />
;: o e o; i , 3,<br />
> l ;a : o c '_YU : e r l e r e i ll ,<br />
Eo c ii++m<br />
l 'J 1<br />
U ; l l .<br />
. \ A7 - - L L r • ll U l ' - L t :<br />
,<br />
r i ' 1<br />
.<br />
L : U<br />
.<br />
U V : i<br />
.<br />
% ,<br />
C U i , ;. - °r i t i l r o c . >e f a t t<br />
. _ t h : e . n lii e t a ' l l<br />
,<br />
i u e s s e i a o _ t<br />
j U<br />
- -<br />
;i i i l - c l : a r e o ,u b ,<br />
7 ,<br />
j U u<br />
1 GS " "<br />
• i f • : i u "v' - - : _ o :.. i l: .<br />
i r_e , ,<br />
u u 1<br />
. . . . . ,<br />
Le r l i n<br />
I `J C : l 1<br />
- -<br />
F r - _ .;ie n ; a 't i o n u o : _<br />
l , . _ . _ i s 'i e r .<br />
u ; e r ; c i l l<br />
. a e L . , 1 .<br />
a ;1 4<br />
:i i<br />
- -<br />
r_a l i o rr- c i•:a r Ve •uo r ,<br />
, • _ . c i 't i l i e l t l<br />
. d u ?• L , . ' _ _<br />
s s e :i s e e<br />
v G<br />
- - . i : l i _ l e - u l' j ;i: s e i ,<br />
U . : 1 r<br />
l r , + i u -?!: e i l: , ae a l : ,<br />
L a s . e l r o r<br />
a L l UJ ll - -<br />
: I u l _ ,<br />
l e - ; ' :r : O e u . b ,<br />
U 1 ,<br />
s<br />
r ; 1 - vu X - - Ar :a .;r - i: i e r i a ; i ;oc:: b ,ii t r :<br />
r e a r - c: o;! r o l<br />
... ec i a : i .: _ : J r ei i i , ; e :;t a u l re r it e<br />
-<br />
1 ' `+ 7 : T' 3 .<br />
11 Ct + ) V - 11i ,<br />
E : i ;>1 V 1 ,<br />
Y1C @t t U :i .<br />
a Z'<br />
'<br />
o ; . , ;: ,<br />
i 1 .<br />
u l : : s J e r .<br />
v e r s c li<br />
. . : u e t e n s .<br />
r a n d C j u -<br />
I a ;e;:: i v e i rl c a a a i a r Y<br />
u o L: i ,<br />
' 1 : : s t' ' "<br />
i<br />
i y : S i; l j -<br />
' r a ; .<br />
: e i -i: a :; i o n ::c: : . : , t,r o -<br />
. u c e d r o :u u .<br />
:: d i : ; -<br />
:a a 1 : 1 @ i l s r' " "<br />
h r a n a l U - -<br />
I l.c e :l ui a r y o:::e • i ii<br />
l i q k i d i ? l e l- . 'i l i : e :l :a , Ea r i , i i s e : s t e<br />
, l ; _ .<br />
r '<br />
. .<br />
l u ;,<br />
: 3<br />
L U U U - - : :<br />
._<br />
j l l - . : a<br />
= j<br />
L l '<br />
i a l.i<br />
, , . _ J l<br />
"J e r .<br />
u o e r s c c . :<br />
. :: u e ce ll-w .<br />
a . ' J U U - - .. ! i , - P . C ! ` : ' U i>U . _ -<br />
! +<br />
r i l U 1 ,<br />
C { : l t , : . .: c • L ; ;i 1<br />
. ,<br />
Ii u E S S C I Ct O r Z<br />
Y l i t J l<br />
- -<br />
r . i '<br />
. : T' - T: E : ! ° i: r d L i i l u Ot_ l U t<br />
1 ,<br />
1 l cs " "<br />
: L l Uw - - ' . i•:. or - l:e r ; t i u _ uo.,, b ,<br />
- ` v . .<br />
1<br />
.<br />
: S<br />
t t<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 1 -<br />
:<br />
r - '' I I iT<br />
_::;<br />
e c li c i a : i wa rs _a _<br />
i: t __ o i: _ i u ; •r . y<br />
_<br />
: : i ; :l a ti.<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
.-1- zx v<br />
- . -<br />
I= 0 1'(N {AP<br />
!<br />
A t t e p t t o i e u t r a l i z e a i r e i c i l r u n wa y Ly d r u p ; i n<br />
o u: s .<br />
l e s p i t e a i . i o i l e x e : di t a r e o i r o ui s ,<br />
t i e<br />
t a x i vra y s r e aa i n e d i n t a c t o r c c t l d e r e p a i r e u<br />
by l ev e l l i n .<br />
; s o.ae o f t ne c r a t e r s .<br />
i<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
a r y Li irI K ' T<br />
- 1 -<br />
P'ri(:i'u s itA'r<br />
.<br />
•<br />
,<br />
I10<br />
t t; X G<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 1r r : ., . .<br />
T<br />
L 1 1<br />
- - _ - l l U _ r _' .<br />
1' 1<br />
: c :. c _<br />
i ; _. .. : i s v e u: c r ; _ -l. e ;zc, ._.. _ . _ r<br />
... Lt ti i F T; C.. : C; 'c:: l '<br />
' ' i<br />
_ . .<br />
C t .<br />
i: _ : : ḻ : _<br />
: - .<br />
:2 .<br />
L :a C C1 (: : . i L i<br />
L<br />
,<br />
' l: = Cv _<br />
' %' r r e U Li L : . . G i ' '<br />
( (;c t o er , : :va l . u i o:_ j .. e .• : .<br />
: r c . ....<br />
: t ad .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958<br />
- -<br />
,<br />
-<br />
'<br />
ṭ , '' . .<br />
- l -<br />
AkPENDY7C VI I I<br />
oroc<br />
s<br />
Dive- b omb er score d direct hit on tbe<br />
8ussian<br />
battl es hip "Marati' outs id e<br />
Khronshtadt .<br />
Smok e from ®xplosion rose 1 :<br />
32q feet ;<br />
th e batt;es hi p was split in two .<br />
Tbe photograph uas<br />
taken during an an tia i r craft<br />
•<br />
barrage ; for thiB reason , only the numerous<br />
mua le tl as hes and the muzzle- bl ast smoke<br />
.<br />
are visible on the p h otograp h .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
APFi i ;D X I X<br />
- 1 _ -<br />
CK"L 3<br />
j<br />
Lu f t wa i i e Q e r s t i on s L; t'f S i::'v l L j l<br />
- 3 l i v i s i o l:<br />
a cudy of th e<br />
Gp e r a t i o n a l r o t e n t i a l i i i e :; c: f t h e L o p o s i t e Ai r r .<br />
i t<br />
1 .<br />
r h e c o i t me n o f " I 'ii s t e l " ( c: o a : s i t e a i r c r a f t ) i s p _<br />
a n li e d<br />
•<br />
a a i li s t e :i e rny il a v a l f o r c e .<br />
f e s t s c a .<br />
: i e a o u t t o t i i i d a t e l e a o<br />
t o t n e e e c t : t i orl t iia t b a t cl e u i<br />
.: i: a a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r 5 c o u l a<br />
Le s uli_ i f u l r e CL 'n i c ;. , a r e 5 c a r e u .<br />
Tlre Le c : z + i c a l d a t a c o :-:c er r. i n; . n e c o u i t :,:e n i , o i c . :o i t e<br />
d i r c r a i L s L•e e ::c: i o o e u a s , _ p el d i r,<br />
i<br />
. , :+h i cn c o n c; l a t : , o f a v ei•ba l<br />
r e J U r L {; 2 3 I1S C t' i j7 i ,<br />
t' Sr Lbi p t C l i l i Z C i l ti L 1 i i O i Z 1 G Gr Q i L u i s - ] U 1 V 1 5 1 0 1Z .<br />
2 .<br />
af t er a l l i r p a r a ci c,u s i : a ve e e n Lr ou : o t h e i i• c on c l u s i un -<br />
,<br />
arld t u e L ,<br />
i l o t s iia v e b e ei: i e t r a i u e u ,<br />
i +cṇi: a i a t e e s,:, l c y i:. En t o f t ki e<br />
r e a p o n 1 S :i u ; _<br />
; : G Q .<br />
l Ii t h e e 'J l; il O Z E' 'Ii Eli l I . I' e - :i C3 1 B 1 _ a Il u l ll :i<br />
t h e c o r : : o s i t e a i r c r d i t w o u l d n o t ; e rl e i i t i l •o ci a i: y : so r e f a v o r a b :l e<br />
o e i •a t i u c a l .<br />
a c n d i t i o il s b e a u s e i: i e e . A e ts y c a p i i , a l i : i s r o u l c i r e Ia i i :<br />
l e y o n c i t h e r a n e o f J e r m a n a i r : ,<br />
2' a f i ; tve a p o l. s a u d ra u l d p r u u a b l y<br />
n o t i n t Qr v e n e i ii i e 1 ; : . d i n : , ;Jr o e r .<br />
i o r t ' s: . , r e a s o . t l e i d e a<br />
o f O:i t j o i. l I ; z l P c o :,rr i e zat o f t v e we a p n :i i Ii o r d e r t o rr e s e r v e<br />
z h e e i e me li t o f u r ,r i s e f u r s u c l a zi e J e n t +o u l d a :p e a r t o b e<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
_ ? _<br />
ine ed 'ent .<br />
z a a s z z t t Th e l o ng e r t h e e mp l o y rae n t o f t h c ve a po n i s d e l a y e d ,<br />
th e m or e o ppo ertun i ti es wi ll th e en emy h av e to tak e de f en sive<br />
m easu r es , es p eci a ll y s irice a b so l ut e cecr ecy cann o t b e g uaran teed .<br />
3 .<br />
Am on ; th evar i ous p oss ib il i ti es of em p l oym en t - - s e e A pr endic es<br />
2 a n d 3 - -<br />
t h e f o 1 1 0 y1 Y1b r e s e r v e t o b e me n t i o n e d a s t h e mo s t p r o -<br />
mi s i ng :<br />
Gibraltar and<br />
• Scapa Flow ; iu addition<br />
Lenein rad (Th e Ru s i an Fl ee t) .<br />
The advanta e of th e first two<br />
targets is that the : caa be reached<br />
frort the continent of Europe aud tha t there f ore tli e displacemen t<br />
of th e weapon by sea tṛansport need uot be effected .<br />
The commitm ent a ainbt Gibra lt ar can<br />
b e env i sa e d from such<br />
locati ons as Rennes { vrestern Frarce ) , T ulouse ( sou th.astern rraṇce ) ,<br />
o r I s t r es ( s ou t h e a s t e r n Hr an c e ) . 'l h e di s t a lc e s t o be c o v er e d 7oul d<br />
vary<br />
from 6 50 - ?90 miles . Thi s can be bridbe d , if modifications<br />
tor p enetratin ; 3 G miles are carried out .<br />
Spanish<br />
territory ivould<br />
h ave to be crossed over . ( This iias hitherto been refused by the Fueh rer . )<br />
, t the targ et inter ference Uy stron6 ar: ti aircraft fire and<br />
figh ters sta tioued at the local airf-ẹ ld Nculd ha ve to b e expec ted .<br />
Because of th e significance of the base one mus t also exnect a<br />
f ully<br />
operatiotial radar network .<br />
Even so ,<br />
however , one can<br />
count on a<br />
certain<br />
degree of surpri , ae at Gibraltar , ore tLen anywhere e l se.<br />
( Th i s woul d Ue t Y le i i r s t a ct a ck .<br />
)<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
APPr ,<br />
i ' I X I :{ .<br />
- 3 -<br />
`l n e ii a v a l b a s e a t S c a r a i l o ti -± s a t +U :11 1 e S u i s t a n c e i r o r<br />
n e ; r a v e a i r f i e l d ; i t c u u l a b e r e a c :e d b y a t t a c h i i: b a l , a d d i t i o i a l<br />
f u e l t a n r: t o t h e La w.• i s c h e ,1 u ; ; r .<br />
.o t o r e ii ti re r k e 1 0 o ii e l .<br />
Th e raa x i mu d e f e n s i v e 1: e a s u r e s a r e ' : c e x p e c 't e d i n t h e<br />
t .<br />
r ; ; e t : r e a .<br />
i o e x a c i d a t a o n i h i s wa t t e r a r e a va i l a b l e b e c a u s e<br />
t : e : e r ra ,<br />
: u r a u i o i n t e •c e p t i •a :i , e u o e s ri c i;<br />
; ; o i ; e y o ii u l i : (; ;'jc15 11 .<br />
r i , e i n t e l l i e l: c e o i l i c e c o n s i d e r s i t l i : e 1 y ,<br />
i , o e v e r ,<br />
h a t t e<br />
•<br />
i i e i d s i i •o t b e F i r i o i I' a r i;h t a i; h e zi o r i c r n c o a .<br />
o f S c Gt l a ri d<br />
. ro u l d e ; e l d b y a b o u t l w - a i r c: r a z t o f t h e S p i z f i .<br />
•e ,<br />
3i u r r i c a r e ,<br />
!°1o s 1u i t o , a ri d h e a u f i l L e r :. :c d e l s .<br />
U c: e<br />
a l
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
APPENDIX IX<br />
- 4 -<br />
The only possible way of approaching the targe t i s there f ore<br />
at th e lowest level with magimum delay<br />
in pulling up before reaching<br />
th e t arge t and then a ttacking in a glide .<br />
Th e aumber of composite aircra ft to be employed wiḥ<br />
d epen d<br />
on intelligence reports of th e ships present in the target area .<br />
b .<br />
To find the target one must com biu e the systems sugg ested in<br />
Appendix l ,<br />
Number 2 . and b .<br />
Qne must make use of th e positioa<br />
_ of the sun , and at th e same tim e pass with the composite a i rcra ft<br />
outside th e radar range of th e radio buoy<br />
"Swan" (3ince the range<br />
o f the "Swan" is 50 miles ,<br />
hi s could occur only if compound<br />
navigation was used at h eavy storm drifts. )<br />
c .<br />
6 r econnaissance must preeede th e operation that is to say<br />
the<br />
poaitioa o f the targets muBt be established by some other means<br />
of navigation .<br />
Th e crews must be able to approach<br />
their taroets<br />
directly on the basis of aerial photographs on which the position<br />
of th e ships ie mark ed .<br />
It i e no t possible to search<br />
for targets<br />
upon reaching th e naval base only .<br />
d .<br />
It i s sugges ted that th e IX Air Corps be given th e mission<br />
of carrying out the a ttack s.<br />
( s igned) von Greiff<br />
Since Gib raltar could be reached only by flying over Spanish<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
$ -<br />
AFPENDIX<br />
IX<br />
territory -- up to uow tbe Fuehrer has al ways refused<br />
to give<br />
hi s per m i .<br />
s s i on f or a ny s uc h a c t i on - - an d the pr er e qui s i t e f or<br />
achieving surprise for an a ttack on Lenigrad did not exist ,<br />
Scapa Flow was the only remaining poe ibility .<br />
_.. _<br />
$<br />
. ss t i .<br />
Recomm enda ti on : Th a t preparatiors b e made for an attack on<br />
Scapa Flow .<br />
•<br />
( s i ;ned ) Christian<br />
certified by<br />
( o i ; na t ur e i l l e gi bl e )<br />
« * . . . « « , # *<br />
Lu t wafze Operations Staff Appendix 1<br />
Opera tions Branch<br />
dated 16 April 194 +<br />
Technical Sta ff Officer<br />
Verba l k eport Transcript<br />
Sub ect : Techni cal Data for Composii:e Aircraft Operations<br />
1 .<br />
Depth of Penetratiou<br />
or Ra di us o f A c Li on : 2 50 - j 1 0 rai l e s , r or rua l l y ;<br />
470 - 5G0 miles if , an ac iditi ona l l5 -gallon<br />
fuel tanis i s attache d t o the<br />
Bayri sc he Flugmoiorenwerke<br />
model 10 .<br />
The addition of<br />
o f a f u el t ank r e qui r e s f e w<br />
chanees in the fuel lines.<br />
Th ere i s apparently a requirement for a ranbe of almost 900 miles ,<br />
for<br />
whici purpose th e fighter a i rcra ft nee d not return to the point<br />
of origin .<br />
(uibraltar ?) ihe technical aspects of thus extendin<br />
t h e r a : e c a nno t i , e c l a r i f i e d tvi t ho ut r a j or t es t s be c a us e t h e<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
,<br />
- e -<br />
APP : 1ivDI X I X<br />
c a r r y i n 5 o f' a d d i t i ou a l f u e l . ri l l r es u l t i r . a iur or Shl f t i ng o f<br />
the center of ravitf .<br />
iaxe-oif Distance : 4 , 000 f eet , r equired ler: th of runway a b out<br />
+ ,<br />
o C f e e t by a rri a t h e o f ZUO f e et .<br />
Av er a ;; e s pe e ci e n r ou t e : 3 b o u t 2 4 0 -<br />
c 5 0 ni l e s p er h our .<br />
aximum speed : about 280 - 300 miles per hour .<br />
Decisions have to be made wheth er<br />
. a .<br />
A modification for an additior . al fuel tank should be carr i ed ou t;<br />
b .<br />
Ca l cu l ations regarding a radius of action of 90 7 rniles should<br />
ne<br />
undertak en .<br />
I a a de c i s i on r eg ar di ng poi n t a .<br />
i s ma de i mr g e di a t e l y ,<br />
t h er e wi l l<br />
proba bl y be nc; delay in<br />
flying the mission.<br />
2 .<br />
Navibational Matters ( geared to low- l evel fligh t)<br />
a . B u ilt i n : Three- di ©assiona l con trol in the Junkers 88 and<br />
'<br />
radio set 16 Z in tb e Bayrir,che Flugzeigwerke 109 .<br />
on<br />
R esulting Capability : Very precise course- fl ying and approach<br />
with radio set 16 Z toward radio buoy<br />
"Swan<br />
(Range 50 -<br />
60 mil es at a fli ht<br />
altitude of 660 f ee t) .<br />
b .<br />
Addition<br />
of lon -wave receiver set Radione so that the sun 's<br />
position can be f ully utilized ,<br />
for instance at Stavanger an d<br />
Ma r s e i .<br />
l l e .<br />
c .<br />
Th e most advanta ;eous solution seems a combination of both<br />
systemsFor the return flight one can either<br />
use emeroency DF<br />
ao z ṛ i[ approach<br />
flioht toward the sun or radio set 16 Z for<br />
comrnunication with a ground sta tion transmitter 16 .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958<br />
- 7 -<br />
APPENDI% IX<br />
d .<br />
IY th ese m eans of navigation shou ld malfunction<br />
, guidance by<br />
a rapid pilot aircraft remains as an em ergency solutioa ( Junkers 188<br />
with a radio set 16 .<br />
e.<br />
The decision has to be made which system is to be added to the<br />
aircraft .<br />
3 .<br />
țtack M ethods :<br />
Th e technical mini num re l ease altitude is 165 feet ,<br />
th e most<br />
i favorable glide angle for th e Junk ers 8$ ie 20 degrees so that<br />
an approach fli g h t to the imraediat e v icinity of th e ship i s essen ti , a l .<br />
Accor ding t o exis ting experience the following<br />
operation is<br />
coasidered as the most effective :<br />
g e l ease altitude o f 2 ,<br />
310 feet a t 1 . 2 mil es di s tance from the target .<br />
Th e glide angl e for the Junk ers 88 ehould be 20 degrees and th e<br />
speed 345 - 3?5 miles per honr.<br />
The deviation cawsed by the Junkers 88 in this process amounts<br />
to 6 0 by 6 0 feet .<br />
An attack on battleship Would therefore be carried out best<br />
by approachiag diaganally from the rear .<br />
As sigh ting d av i se it roul d b e b es t to use a gyroscopically<br />
su pported sight ( rind elementa of the TSA (???)) .<br />
4 .<br />
Time Sch dule:<br />
a .<br />
On 18 April<br />
drop at Moenglind , after that retraining of pilots<br />
to accustom them to th e V - 1 and V - 2 models .<br />
b .<br />
On 15 June the remaining 13 aircraft would probablg be . comp l eted .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IA V E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- 8 -<br />
AF .<br />
LiILI ;{ I :{<br />
A r e r e u i s i t e f ur a dl e r i r, t o t l, s c : . .. u l e :ro u l : b e t ha t<br />
1_e 4 5 i e r s o n s _ r e s e n t l y a a i l a b l e f o r c a r r y i n ; o u t h e p r o j e c t<br />
- -<br />
2 1 .<br />
:: i l i t a r ti ' :i il d t l : e r e s t c i v i l i a lz e c l : i: i c i a r: s - - wo u l d c o n t i n u e t o<br />
b e a s a i l a b l e . .<br />
e ri e r a l `1 . T .<br />
i n t e i c s t o ^e a s s i n t r_ •<br />
1 r _e n f o r t h e<br />
x u r o s e o f a c t i v a t i n a f i e i u r e p a i r s i i o p d e t a c i l l:Ie n t , w i t u r e -<br />
p l a c e .: : ? ri . :3 l? l Ii '13 d E ,<br />
' a 'J a l 1 ;z ; l E : .<br />
' 1 J ,_? T' e l"It l V .<br />
1 . F -<br />
' f . ' }: 1C t d 3 a 1r 1 . 1 1<br />
r,o t Ue f u r n i s lae d u: t i l a f t e r t i. e Ea Ut e r h o ] .<br />
i cia ; s .<br />
• 1 iEa n ril i l r j : :e n wi 1 b e ; .<br />
r ri n s f e r r e d t o Lh e 2 d S u a d r o n o f<br />
t l e 1 Cl s t 3 o 1^e r iJi n ; ,<br />
f r oui ici-: e r e t l: e y r i 1 1 b e a t t a c : e u t o i :o r u -<br />
i:a u s e n .<br />
j .<br />
Eo r e v e r y a i r c r a t t t ii e r e i ; , o r e t r a lls f ::r c u p ol a f o r t h e t r a n b -<br />
f e r f l i t t by r oui d vi s i on a n d w i t : o u t i•a d i o s e t ; t wo h o l l o x-<br />
c h a r ; ; c oi: j e c t s a r e a l s o a va '<br />
_ l : bl e .<br />
To d e t a c h t h e t r a r s f e r c u p o l a : r .<br />
d r a o u n t t l ":e h c l l o :r- c i :a r e<br />
o b j e c t s , a i r c r a f t :., e c ' _<br />
i a i i c s a n b o m t e : r e r s :ri 1 1 U e * e e d e d<br />
.' o r o . c d a y ' s wo r l: ; 3 o f t ti e s e . ` : c a n Ue La; • =@21 • a l o n i wi_e n t u e<br />
J u n Ke r s<br />
u i r a ti s f e r r e d .<br />
r e w t o o l : a r e n e e d e d , a n a t t: o s e c a zi : . e t ; :ce n a l .<br />
o n o b y e a c :: La n .<br />
E s s e n t i a l i s o r l -; o n e c r a n e r i t l : a h o o l i e l e v a t i o n c a p a c i t y o f<br />
5 f e e t a n d a .<br />
l i f t i n ; c a p c i t y o f a U o u t 1 + t o s .<br />
t .<br />
i r a i r i n o f P i l o t s<br />
i a r e t f l i : : t a i n i r: , r i l l b e c a r r i e d o t rr i t l i o n e ;: i l o t e a c h<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
APPFIIDIX IX<br />
- q -<br />
ior the B ayrische Flugzeugwerie lOq an d the Junkers 83 .<br />
n til now<br />
th e approach flight was carried out ritL the he l p of one anti -<br />
a i rcra ft search lib ht vrhich was s i multaneous l y utilized to<br />
abtain precise da t a on the glide anole and th e di stances i nvo l ved .<br />
It i s cons idered necessary that the ollowing practice flibhts<br />
be executed :<br />
10 approach flig? i ts rithout separating the control airplane<br />
' f r o n t h e cni s s i l e ; an d<br />
3 approacr .<br />
fliglts with such a separation .<br />
7 .<br />
The tests will be carried out by the 2d S uadron of the lOlst<br />
Bomb er . 1i ng , c oc man de d by Ca pt .<br />
Ruda t .<br />
I t i s r e c ora:,ie n de d t ha t<br />
the operation be put under the control of th e IX Air orps<br />
headuqarters , particularly since G enera l P Eltz has persona ll y<br />
been instrurental in cug ;esting the composite aircraft cancept .<br />
( s i ; ; n e d ) z ur I •<br />
iu e hl e n<br />
certified correct by<br />
( s i nature ill e ;ible )<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8<br />
AFPENDI &<br />
X<br />
PHO'TOGRAPA OF A COMPOS I TH AI RCRAFT<br />
i<br />
`1' ex t : "Mistel" ( compos ite aircraft )<br />
"Huck epack"<br />
( p ick a back aircraft)<br />
"Vater und Sohn " ( paren t - child or dupl ex arran gemen t )<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 12958<br />
APPENDIX<br />
XI<br />
PHOTaGRAPH<br />
(Showin City of L on don rith St .<br />
Paul s Cathedral )<br />
Text : Effect of th e G ermaa retali a tion attack of 28 - 9<br />
December 1940 on the City of London .<br />
(The attack was ordered by Hitler because the Royal<br />
•<br />
Air Force had attack ed Berlin during<br />
holidays .<br />
)<br />
the Christmas<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E0 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
A1 PEi :vr :<br />
x11<br />
F:YG1'0 1i As iI<br />
_<br />
i e c t : Ef f e c t o f a V - 1 Bo b on Lor _<br />
do n<br />
Ul o c l: o f :na i l h o u e s i n P o p l a _ , a u L u r b o : : L o n d o n ,<br />
•<br />
vra s p r a c t i c a l l y wi p e d o u °c b y a f l y i n ; o o inb , rh i c iz c a u a e d a<br />
fl a t cra t er .<br />
( Ex t r a c t e d f r or .<br />
: t l ie Ar e r i c an o f i i c i a l ,a a i r . e I pa c t ,<br />
Iio .<br />
3 ,<br />
Au;; us t 1 9 ' 4 . )<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
APP IDIX<br />
XI I I<br />
PFOTOGRAPH<br />
Text : Dine bombiṇ a ttack on ships of a Russ i an convoy .<br />
_<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
APPI IDI X<br />
XI D<br />
- 1 -<br />
Selection of the Proper Types of Bombs for Operations<br />
(hetter Directive of Reich Marsha l G oering No .<br />
5663/41 , cl ass .<br />
Secret ,<br />
dated 16 February 19 2 )<br />
Teletype f+Iessage<br />
Sen t b y Rei c h I a r s be l ,<br />
Se c r e t<br />
16 February 1941<br />
02 1 5<br />
From Robins n :<br />
To b e disseminate d t o subordinate a encies down to wing<br />
headquarters inclusive :<br />
Deapite many<br />
instructions and the issuance of directives and<br />
regulations pertaining to the use of various types of bombs for<br />
operations ,<br />
I mus t di scover again aṇ d again that tis niany respons ibl e<br />
h eadquarters do not follow my orders .<br />
I th erefore order that in<br />
future my directives be obeyed in<br />
the etrictest manner .<br />
The gno rledge of the effect of weapons ,<br />
that<br />
i s to say the acquain tance with the effect of each individual type<br />
of bomb and fuse is a b solu tely essential and i s an important prerequisite<br />
for achieving success .<br />
Every unit comrnan der down<br />
to<br />
th e level of group commander must be thoroug hl y acquainted with<br />
every detail and he in turn must see to it that maximum effect<br />
is obtained by th e proper utilization of bombs and fuses .<br />
It is<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
PPENDIX<br />
XI V<br />
- 2 -<br />
hECESSARY THAT one considers before every operation which<br />
bombs and wh a t tyming o f the fuse i s th e mos t sui t a bl e for<br />
the various targ ets that are to be hit .<br />
Of par ti cular importance<br />
,<br />
however ,<br />
is the question<br />
that has to be answered<br />
before each opera tion , which is wneth er the tar et shoul d<br />
be attack ed with 1 ,<br />
100 or 2 ,<br />
200 lbs bombs or with<br />
even<br />
heavier ones .<br />
I have had the displ easure to observe that lately these<br />
highly valued , very h eavy bombs were droplaed on secondary<br />
tar ;ets , even when these rere not alternate points .<br />
It is completely wrond to use 1 ,<br />
100 - 1bs bombs and heavier<br />
calibers<br />
f or attacks on enemy aị rfields .<br />
Enemy air fields<br />
s<br />
s ho ul d b e a t t a ck e d pr i .<br />
ma r i l y wi t h 1 1 0 l bs SD aṇ d 8 SC<br />
bombs or vrith 2 .<br />
2 and 4 4 .<br />
lbs incen diaries .<br />
Th e 550 -<br />
1bs bomb should be used as additional weapon<br />
only if strongly constructed ob jectives are also to be attacked ,<br />
such as strong h angars or war fts . F or lo r- l eve l a ttacks an such<br />
t arge ts I ruul a lik e to draw specia l attention to the newly<br />
produced 50 - lbs bombs .<br />
For low- l evel attacks on manuf ac turing plants and sirilạ r<br />
installations one should also use th e 55A -<br />
lbs bom b that was<br />
especially produced far low- l evel attacks on such ob jectives .<br />
In specia l cases heavier bombs aioht be considered as more<br />
appropriate .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
.<br />
gPPENDIX<br />
XIV<br />
- 3 -<br />
One must always tate into consideration that the chances<br />
of creating daraage are dreater if s i x 550 -<br />
1b s bombs are used<br />
that if that attack is made with two or just one heavi er bomb .<br />
Th e very h eavy b ombs of 2 ,<br />
200 lbs a nd more are to b e used mainly<br />
for<br />
concentrated attack s on larve tar ;ets , such as importan t p l an ts .<br />
Th e number o f very heavy bombs to be dropped vrill depend on th e<br />
over-all total ra tio of aircraft and bombs tha t can be commi tted ;<br />
even so they will have to be dropped only by the very best<br />
available crews. Th e very heavy borubs otherwi se w ill be dropped<br />
only on special tar ,ets , above all warships ,<br />
fortifications , etc .<br />
It is therefore essential th a t the equipped condition of the<br />
wings be examined particularly in view of r•eadjusting all planes<br />
that are especially equipped to carry only individual very<br />
heavy bombs.<br />
The units of the IX Air Corps are available for dropping '<br />
very heavy bomb s , it s aircraft sa havin ; been specially<br />
equipped for this purpose for their m:ịne layin activiti es .<br />
Th e other units are to be reorganized<br />
for carrying bombs of<br />
lower caliber , ma i nly 110 and 550 -<br />
1b s . O ne must furthermore see<br />
t o t c i t t ha t t h e equi pp ed c ondi t i o n o f t h e o t h er uni t s be<br />
such that they can carry the maximum payload of 550 - and 110 -<br />
l bs borab s an d a bo ve a l l i n c en di ar y bo mbs .<br />
Ev er y c ar e mus t be<br />
taken to adju st the equipped condition of these air craft in<br />
such a manner that no space or weight capacity for carrying<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
AFPEtdDI X<br />
XI V<br />
-<br />
4 -<br />
bonb s i s was ted .<br />
' :<br />
Yhen preparations for important a ttacks are under way and<br />
special bomb loads are required ,<br />
it raight occasionally be<br />
necessary to tak e upon oneslef the additiona l work and inconveaience<br />
of switching bomb loads rather than flyiny the<br />
mission with loads th a t do not uarantee maximum exploitation<br />
of the successful operation .<br />
,<br />
Th e commanders- i n-chif of a ir<br />
fl ee ts and air corps will<br />
be personally responsible to me f or pre-pl ann ing the most promisinb<br />
bom b loads of units prior to larbe-scale attacks .<br />
They<br />
h ave to issue th e orders f or proper bomb load combinations.<br />
The directives iasued to this<br />
effect must be discussed<br />
over and over again with the crews. I ask a ll commanders to<br />
ch eck on tha t matter durin their e ta ff vis its and insp ections.<br />
The proper setting of fuses can be of decisive i portance<br />
for attacks on nava l t argets an d loar- l evel attacks .<br />
Frequently<br />
h eard reporte such as<br />
"The efiect was not observed" are attributed<br />
by me to the failure of bombs because of wrong se ting of fuses<br />
or b a d servicing befor e re l ease.<br />
I reiterate my previous requests to air fl ee ts and corps<br />
h eadquarters to give me detailed reports on all their experiences<br />
made duriilg the d roppins of bombs and to send directly to me an y<br />
valuable hint they have uncovered .<br />
Individual units cannot<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
APPi:IdDI X XI V<br />
- 5 -<br />
keep sucn in forc:ation to the aselves as if they<br />
took pa t ents<br />
on t h e i r i de a s .<br />
I n s t ea d , e v e r y n e t i de a r zu s t b e c ome t i e c omr on<br />
}ul o wl e d e o f t h e en t i r e Lu f t tiv3 f ? e a t t h e ea r l i e s t ;Uo s s i bl e<br />
mom entİ n future a l so I inten3 to reexamine cuntinually the<br />
bombi n op e r a t i on s a .<br />
n d I l .o p e t h a t t _ er e !vi l l b e n o i ur t h er<br />
reason for findin deficiencies . Th e units rust be tcld aeain<br />
a nd a a i n t ti13 t p r op er xl ovrl ed;; e o f t h e e f f e c t o f t h e i r rve a pon s<br />
is a b asic prerequisite for success.<br />
( s i ; n e d ) GGLt I i3<br />
,<br />
Re i ch<br />
i - Ia r s h a l<br />
rio .<br />
5u63/ +1<br />
s<br />
classified secret<br />
mi l i t a r y<br />
cl o c u : e n t<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958<br />
APPENDIX<br />
XV<br />
- 1 -<br />
Training of Flying Units i n ti'Vartime ( Unit Training )<br />
(Extracted from con f erence notes No .<br />
16 o f a speech made<br />
by Reich Marshal Goering in Paris on 1 4 March 1941 .<br />
)<br />
"The g enera l s commanding a i r corps must be constantly on<br />
e a c n t i n a c h c<br />
the move. It i s th eir duty to x = e<br />
operational readiness ,<br />
target preparations , genera l awareness<br />
•<br />
of the e ff ect of weapons ,<br />
impl ementation of security regulatione ,<br />
and the care and welf are o f personne l . Th ey must keep in min d<br />
that<br />
they are not infantry corps commanders : they have much<br />
fewer people under th eir command .<br />
Our combat means are very<br />
high - grade .<br />
The commitment of a squadron or even one airplane<br />
can have far greater resu lt s than th e employment of a<br />
compaṇy<br />
•<br />
or a battalion .<br />
Theq must also be sware of the fact that they<br />
are respons ibl e f or the use of very valuable h c x iical arms .<br />
For this reason<br />
contiṇua l indoctrination and review are<br />
essentia l . St aff visits should not be used to inspect but to<br />
attend routine duty performance ,<br />
to indoctrinate , and to<br />
i ,<br />
mprove the training status steadily .<br />
At least four days a<br />
Week shou l d b e d evoted to this pur pose .<br />
In addition to the corps commanders , th e wing conmanders<br />
s h ou ld make every possible effort to improve training and<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW E 12958
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
APPENDIX<br />
XV<br />
- 2 -<br />
raise the beneral level of ability .<br />
Th e decisive ele nents in exerci s ing proper leaders iip are :<br />
1 .<br />
Operational strength ;<br />
2 .<br />
Tar et preparations ;<br />
3 .<br />
Acquaintance with cveapons and their effect ; an d<br />
4 .<br />
Security implementation .<br />
I reg r et tha t I h a ve to ch ec k on s t a Z "f vis it s i n th e fi e ld . "<br />
r s s * * '<br />
"lur in th e ba d - w ea th er per io ds tha t r ecur con s tan tly ,<br />
th e<br />
Llnlt com:aanders should be ca ll ed together for detailed refresher<br />
courses for which all air corps conimandin<br />
;enerals should use<br />
every instructional means at th eir disposal .<br />
"<br />
* * * . * *<br />
On 1 8 Ma r c h 1 4 1 t h e Re i ch I • iar s ha l s t a t e d a s f ol l o rs a t<br />
Th e Ii ag ue :<br />
"Th e proper knowledge of weapons ,<br />
their possibilities of<br />
employrent , and tneir effect are my<br />
special hobby horses . I n<br />
an<br />
effort to achieve optimum effect on every occasion , special<br />
bombs and fuses had to be developed for specific purposes . O nly<br />
th eir deta iled kn owledge will brin about their proper use .<br />
Acting upon my orders ,<br />
the inspector of bombardṃen t of aviation<br />
has issued orders tha t lap exercises are to be held ith re ard<br />
to the utiliza tion of weapons , effective imu ediately .<br />
Th ese<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
a : : : ; i n V<br />
- -<br />
X @I' C Z ; P S !1 i v P _<br />
C .<br />
l 1C ) LI I' U O : ) z O i C C ; .<br />
: G .1 ,<br />
L" Y' t l :i ; ' .<br />
; 0 14 . l e __<br />
: i 0 _' C B S<br />
. i l } 1 i 1 .<br />
'<br />
_i l l ; U S U 1 i r 1t O C S U i : l i ,<br />
1 1 1 ' . .<br />
"u 1 U l 1 U ta i 1. I' . , Ve :ḷ `! U I1 : ctl C3i $<br />
f : E:<br />
I F<br />
0 - f. r a c i<br />
c a l G :i i: : :11 :<br />
1<br />
. e ^v .<br />
I 3 .<br />
t t . _i C t "i i ; f_ ; I E: C o i .<br />
1 ::: ;0 1 ' t<br />
. a 11 C t . ' ' ,<br />
: 0 i<br />
,<br />
:<br />
: • S @<br />
. : . G : P L• C. l ` t ' :i i1 . Ci I<br />
.`. . , S a .<br />
L C<br />
- " (: C _<br />
0 1 1 l .<br />
. 1; 1 .<br />
2' % O " : C :: ,<br />
S l J i 1 C ZI v' V r' I 1<br />
r _<br />
a l , e : ,<br />
i i v i i i n ; : .<br />
t i E l d .<br />
'i 'l . e n e .<br />
: u i •: c c i • o n o ;:: C r.<br />
:;lll . ; t J C Otl e C O:i111U1! i : ' _<br />
: O ,<br />
i 1 . C;
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
,<br />
TABLE I<br />
1ii s s i on :<br />
To Comb a t the E nemy Aviation ieapons Avail a ble iewly Developed<br />
_<br />
at th e Ou tbreak 'deapons during<br />
o f 'JJa r ar t i me<br />
a .<br />
Ta g e t s i n t he ii r<br />
(Only weapons for combat<br />
in the a i r and not for<br />
defense from the round<br />
a r e t ak en i n t o a c c;oun t )<br />
Individual Aircra ft of All Types 9ircraft Armam ent Aircraft Armam ent<br />
•<br />
R econnaissance planes iḻachine;un 15 Automatic Cannon<br />
( 7 .<br />
9 -<br />
) l 0 8 ( 3o - ru: )<br />
Fi g zt e r a i r e r a f t ? • ia ch i ize un 1 7 Aut or a t i c cannon<br />
(7 9 ) • - , fi xed 213 (20 - mm )<br />
position<br />
Automatic cannon<br />
214/ a ( 50 ) -<br />
Borab e r a i r cr a f t 20 - mm raa c : i ne Aut oma t i c c a nnon 1 1 2<br />
un Oerlikon Automatic cannon 114<br />
Cl o s e Bo b e r i o r ma t i o ns Ai r c r a f t A r raa n e nt<br />
see above<br />
S<br />
R ockets<br />
210 - mm aircra ft<br />
demolition rocket<br />
round billet<br />
Fi hter baz0oka<br />
Bomb s<br />
S D 2 . . wi t h<br />
fuse<br />
t i rae<br />
Controlled Bombs<br />
xs 293 (A )<br />
fl s 2g6<br />
X 4<br />
5pecia l C ombat<br />
I e an s<br />
Towin rope<br />
t ot i n5 r ope cvi t h<br />
attached bomb .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
; L: I I<br />
:ii s 5 i oi .<br />
: :<br />
`l' o Cor ba t t :e Ln er:ly : v i ;z t :i on ': e a r on s v a i l a bl E lYe r1 • De v el o r e d<br />
a t t l. e Cu t Ur ea l ;Je a p on s c'tur i n<br />
a f J a r Ja r t i ae<br />
b .<br />
Ta r f: ;e t s on t h e Gr ou n d<br />
kircraft Cn th e Ed ,<br />
;e of : D 10 .<br />
(lyjj ) .<br />
S D 2 (1y40) ) . .<br />
In<br />
t h e r u n wa y d i s -<br />
S D 5 0 ( l y 7 o )<br />
. . . li . l ( l y t 2 ) )<br />
a e r i a l<br />
t r i b u t e d i t h e B l : ( l .<br />
y j j ) B 2 E ( l j . E l ) )<br />
c o n t a i n -<br />
t err3 ir . s e e a U ov e<br />
) ers w it<br />
i n b , .<br />
s t b a y s S D l O ( 1 933 ) ) 1 5 . . + 5 w , ,<br />
B 1 E (19j ) ) an d 1 100 ,<br />
:LI ! t ?_ L3 S t 1 7 c 3 y S<br />
tivith protect -<br />
i ve roo i S C 0 (1 .<br />
j3 ) )<br />
.<br />
air cra ft<br />
h a n a r U a b o v e ,<br />
r o u n d S .<br />
C .<br />
5 0 ( 1 93 j )<br />
S .<br />
C .<br />
2 5 0 ( 1 `j > j )<br />
,<br />
) l v 5 C i: 3 C<br />
) ty<br />
under round r .<br />
C .<br />
lOCO R .<br />
S .<br />
(1y41 )<br />
%ep a i r s h op s a .<br />
C .<br />
5 0 ( 1 9: j )<br />
S .<br />
C .<br />
= `j U ( l i >j )<br />
S u „ p l y<br />
Du u p s<br />
*<br />
POL du 1p s B 1 E ( 1 93 j ) ) _ i - Fl amb o C 2 50 ( 1 y4 0 )<br />
s C 5 . .<br />
0 ( 1 93 j ) ) _: e u l ambo C 5 00 ( g4o )<br />
Br a n d l U ( 1 9 + 3 )<br />
Br an d C 5 U ( l y4 j )<br />
sr aai d C 2 5 0 ( 1 +3 ) .<br />
. lr . run i t i on Uu m s<br />
Sp a r e p a r t s,<br />
d e o t s<br />
s .<br />
C .<br />
50 ( 1'33<br />
s .<br />
c .<br />
250 (1 3)<br />
. i r c r a f t Fl a nt s al i t yr es - - 3e e l 'a bl e V<br />
Cor:u;:uni c a t i ans r a ci l i t i es<br />
: i n a l c e r t e r s ,<br />
S .<br />
C .<br />
; U ( 1 9 j j )<br />
i n t Y i e o p e .z S .<br />
C .<br />
2 5 0 ( 1 3 3 )<br />
i n s Yi e l t e r s S .<br />
C .<br />
j 0 ( 1 j j )<br />
r a d ar s t s ti on s S .<br />
i .<br />
2 U (l yj y)<br />
Ai r f i el us i u n
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
h :<br />
Lr I I I<br />
; ii , r; i on :<br />
t o 5<br />
a t t h e ; 1 :ye a , o n s a v a i l a b l e i e w l y i e v e l o p e d<br />
a t t : . e G u t b r e a k :J e a p o :a d u r i ti<br />
o f : a r 'J a r t i r i e<br />
a . a r ,<br />
;e t s i n : i o ci on<br />
t d v : n c i n ! ; i n f a n t i •y i ii : . J<br />
L 1 0 ( l . .<br />
y j j ) S D ( l y ) )<br />
. .<br />
l o o s P f o r :na t i c ; U C 0 ( 1 9 7 )<br />
. . .<br />
: . J 1 ( 1 ; 0 )<br />
.<br />
V e l i c l e s o f a 1 1 t y p e s :<br />
. D ,0 ( 1<br />
.<br />
': 3 ) a D ( . . - .ara e x -<br />
Llos i ve s h ell (la + j )<br />
•<br />
S .<br />
D .<br />
1 ( 1 0 - a ex -<br />
T l o s i v e ; e 1 1 ( 1 4 :3 )<br />
f a n k s I >r o v i s e u : Ie a s u r e s<br />
, . B . E . O (1q 0 )<br />
Ai r c r a f t A r e a n e n t<br />
r u t . c a n n o n l Ul ( j 0 - n<br />
)<br />
a u t . c a n n o . 1 0 3 ( 0 - n m )<br />
i - t: ra a _<br />
r c r a f t<br />
c a r n o n<br />
U - a i rcr a ft cannon<br />
l : -mm un ( for t es tina<br />
j u r p os e s )<br />
- ockets<br />
_<br />
r a n z e r s c h c lc ( p o r t a b l e<br />
a n t i t a n l , r o c e t )<br />
i a n z e r b l i a I ( a n t i -<br />
tank ro ck et)<br />
ran z erbl itz I I (i d .<br />
)<br />
r an? er bl it z I II (i d .<br />
)<br />
OIa b S<br />
S .<br />
D .<br />
' + i : : .<br />
L .<br />
( 1 9 4 2 )<br />
C u l u _<br />
!n-n s o f a l l t y e s S D l U ( I )<br />
. , .<br />
. D ( l y U)<br />
.<br />
L L 5 . .<br />
:i ( l y j ) a D 1 ( 1 40 )<br />
. .<br />
. . L ( 1<br />
. ' , `+<br />
S C .<br />
U ( .<br />
:L` ) S Z 1 ( 19' . . +)<br />
- 1 -<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
r3 LE III (Cont 'd )<br />
b .<br />
I miaob i l e l a r e t s ls a pons Av a i l a b l e Y e ap ons De v e l o pe d<br />
a t t iie Ou t br ealc dur i n ; t h e :da r<br />
o i t i. e . d ar<br />
Tr oo s ,<br />
En 't r e nc iE a<br />
In fantry in foxholes and<br />
t r e nch e s S D 1 0 ( 1 . . ') j j ) a D 2 ( 1 . . ' ' 0 )<br />
C C . .<br />
U ( 1 '?53 ) S D 1 ( l y . . F 2 )<br />
t i a c hi n e ; un , :aor t a r , a na<br />
t r e n c h r _ io r t a r p o s i t i o n s<br />
•<br />
Ar till ery un posit ions<br />
Li 'r t l y bui l t bunke r s S .<br />
L .<br />
2 j 0 ( l a j )<br />
Fortifications of a ll 1y es<br />
Co nc r e t e b u n e r s a .<br />
C .<br />
2 50 ( 1 3 3 ) a .<br />
N .<br />
25 0 . i t h r oc : . e t<br />
propulsion<br />
( ?ZOl l o•wchar;e<br />
bo U)<br />
Fo r t i f i c a t i o n s S .<br />
C .<br />
OU ( 1 y j )<br />
•<br />
C o i> , n d<br />
P o s t s<br />
Lu i l d i n ;; s S .<br />
C .<br />
2 50 ( 1 ' j ? )<br />
Unde r r oun d i ns t a l l a t i or L s<br />
Comaunications centers of<br />
a l l t ype s S .<br />
C .<br />
2 5 J ( 1 -<br />
; j > )<br />
Ue i:o t s and du aps<br />
POL dur . ips<br />
A :uuni t i on<br />
uurnps<br />
T o A f f e c t t : : e l i o r a l e o f L i v e 1' r ; , e t s F l a :a C 2 5 0 ( 1 ' 4 0 )<br />
1, l a m C 5 0 0 ( 1 ' 4 0 )<br />
- 2 -<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
' L r ?' J<br />
o o }; c r G t i On 7 i L 1 t ; 1 e . a y y Je a p o n s l v a y l : b l e e a p o izs L e v e l o p e<br />
o ^ e r i _<br />
a l Co ?':,a t a b o v e S e a _ t h ? Ou Lb r e a a o d u r i n ;; , i a r t i e<br />
; a r<br />
P:o b i l e ' • ~ -• ` •<br />
a _ :<br />
e „ s .<br />
. + a r : h i z s<br />
Ol c e r - t y Ye b a t ; l e s l i p s F C 1 0 0 ( 1 4 0 ) r: i h . . -<br />
( l j u - mm =: r c o r - I. l a t e s ) l e v e l a n d d i v e -<br />
b o r b i n a t t a c ix<br />
io d e r n b . t t l e s h i p s<br />
l u - :1n _, r :'acr - p l a t e s ) C 1 J 0 E i n F`. . a l t .<br />
i • :i s t e l 3 : 1 . . ; di v e<br />
( 1 944 ) i omb a t t .<br />
• 3 a t t l e s i i ps 3U ,<br />
UOG t on s t' .<br />
U .<br />
5 00 ( 1 4 ) i : i . h a l t .<br />
P .<br />
C .<br />
1 ' + 00 ( 1 94 ) *tii i L a l t .<br />
I: i s t e l S .<br />
I - : .<br />
1 ( 1 y 4 )<br />
L a t t l e s h i p s u p t o 3 j<br />
, 0 0 U t o rl s r ' C OJ :<br />
. . . a ) d i<br />
.<br />
v e - c o :<br />
1 j U ) ) t3 Lt 3 C 1 L<br />
P .<br />
C .<br />
?O JO R .<br />
a .<br />
) d ive - om t<br />
(1 41 ) ) a ttack<br />
F' .<br />
C .<br />
l J O R .<br />
a ,<br />
d i v e a t t<br />
P .<br />
v .<br />
1 Cu _<br />
( l ) ) i : i ; Y a l t<br />
P ii s t e l ci .<br />
Ii .<br />
1 ( L 9 + )<br />
.<br />
a t t l a : ' i p 5 0 ,<br />
C : o n s r .<br />
: .<br />
2 j 0 0 * h i ;h - a l t<br />
i :i s t e l S . .<br />
1 ( 1 9 4 4 )<br />
.<br />
- a i r c r a f ; , c a r r i e r<br />
( l u J - ,:rn a r iao r - : 1 a t e s F C l OCO h h i . . - h a l t<br />
)<br />
• • v •<br />
1<br />
(1 41) dive b .<br />
l u x i l i a r y a i r c r a f t c a r r i er i:-i s t e l 3 .<br />
ii .<br />
1 d i v e - b .<br />
( 1y44 )<br />
a t t ac!•,<br />
li e : vy c , r u i s e r :: C . .<br />
J U` l l `) > )<br />
. ,. )<br />
. ;; . j 1 9<br />
,<br />
i. e s t r : y c : n i t o r _ e c i o<br />
i o a t s S C 7 C* ( 1 . . ; 3 j ) F C j 0 0 ( 1 4 ) i . . :<br />
i i: a l t . .<br />
. C .<br />
j 0 ( 1 9 j 7 ) < ci i v e b .<br />
Sp ee d b na t s : .<br />
: ,<br />
; >0" ( ; i ) S . ';<br />
. c . ; * ( 1» >)<br />
. 5 0 0 ( 1 ) 3 5 )<br />
.<br />
F i .<br />
l e d<br />
'id1 t 1 t r i c ti l o r e t l ,<br />
y- l e r _<br />
e<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- z -<br />
4Vy 6 ea p o ns . w a i l a b l e 'd y 6 ea p on s De ve l o p e d<br />
at the Outbre3k of during the far<br />
''ra r<br />
Couime r c i a l<br />
Sh i p s<br />
Ships<br />
Tan k e r s<br />
) S C Z50 (1933 ) . . w iLh trichlorethylene<br />
) S C 5 0 ( 1 35 )<br />
. .<br />
t i or e o v e r , a l l t a r ;; e t s<br />
on the seas cou ld b e<br />
attacked with aerial<br />
tordepodoes L .<br />
T .<br />
S (1939) w hich were available<br />
for this purpose<br />
_ I r . irso b i l e Ta r e t s<br />
-<br />
h a va l Ba s e s<br />
)<br />
Docks<br />
Locks<br />
)<br />
)<br />
'iJh a r v e s<br />
)<br />
Depots<br />
) S C 250 (19j3 ) ( S C 1000 (1 40 )<br />
. . . .<br />
Loa di ng<br />
) 3 C 500 (1g35 ) ( S C 1800 (1940 )<br />
. . . .<br />
a n d un<br />
)<br />
-<br />
l o el d i n ;<br />
)<br />
poin t s<br />
)<br />
Co mrne r c i a l P o r t s<br />
Locks<br />
)<br />
`Ụar ehouses<br />
) S C 250 (1935 )<br />
. .<br />
Cranes<br />
)<br />
L an din; poin tU )<br />
P reven tion of movements<br />
b y mi n i n ; o f p o r t<br />
en t r a n c e s L I 1 . . . 5 0 0 ( 1 93 6 ) Th e s a me tiYe a p on s<br />
as those li t ed<br />
L i i B l OGO {1 9 3 b ) i . , .<br />
n t h e c o l ur n on<br />
w i t h ma n e t i c t h e l e f t re r e<br />
remote contro l d eveloped with<br />
fuses<br />
accoustic and<br />
mine- remote<br />
control 'uses .<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
L: LE V<br />
T 'l l u S l Ol'1 :<br />
Di s r u ;. t i o n o l Li n e , o f<br />
Co alu n i c a t i a n t o Cu t<br />
t l e Fl o w o f Su p po c t t o<br />
th e Fron t or to C u t h e<br />
Su l i e s o f Es s en t i a l ay e a pons va i l a bl e l Q8 pOI1S De ve l o pe d<br />
a t t h e Ou t bx e a k o f d u r i n ;• t h e ia r<br />
l :i l i t a r y I .zs t a l l t i o n s<br />
, 1 ,<br />
a r<br />
an d F a c ii i ti es<br />
a .<br />
r a i l _<br />
r o a d s<br />
Ro l l i n`<br />
S t a c k<br />
Lo c o mo t i r e s<br />
: a il cars<br />
Tra in s<br />
Fi x e d<br />
I n t a ll a ion s<br />
Tracks<br />
. I a iti Ia de s t r uc t ur es<br />
atations<br />
Lo c oL•IOḺi v e h a n a r s<br />
RepairUh ops<br />
Potive r a nd<br />
trans t ormer<br />
• installations<br />
for suppl y o f<br />
electrified<br />
rdilroads<br />
' ,<br />
l t . e r s upUl y<br />
facilities<br />
( •<br />
C •<br />
55 nose-spik e bo b<br />
( S .<br />
C .<br />
?55 nose-spi]re bo b<br />
b .<br />
a a t e r •va ys<br />
ah i os o f a l l ki n ds<br />
Canal oeds<br />
I I a nula de<br />
St r .. c t ur es<br />
Br i c e s<br />
Lo c k s<br />
3 r i<br />
i p - l i f t i n o<br />
lev ices<br />
P or t<br />
Ins ta l l a ti ons<br />
y a r e h o u s e s<br />
:!} a r v e s<br />
t e l i n ; s<br />
Do cks<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
- z -<br />
Ny ea po ns Nva i l a bl e Je a pon s De v el o pe d<br />
a t t h e o ut br e ah o f d ur i n t h e ' ar<br />
d a r<br />
c . R oads<br />
Roa d s<br />
particu l arly<br />
r aba nkment s<br />
Defiles<br />
Cross i ngs<br />
Entrances and<br />
exits to and<br />
from loca liti es<br />
_ I • 'f an ma de St r uc t ur e s<br />
'<br />
Brid es<br />
•<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ129 8<br />
' ti 3 LE '1I<br />
. l :: l :i .<br />
i :<br />
: Lt Cl s o !t .<br />
t Ui'a l : e ;: u?' c e ; . ; t i .<br />
;:! , : 'v : i l _i + l e ,l e d o t: 1 CVL l o u e t J .<br />
a t t i te :; u t r e a l • : a d u r i .<br />
il t te J r<br />
a i u I ri du ;=t r i a l r' c; t e _ i a l o f<br />
J<br />
a r<br />
c :e u cie ::y r• ..<br />
:e a '' r c es<br />
. :<br />
{ , ;a i r 5 t t r : e Fr o auc ci ve C ::, c i v :<br />
i : i i. ° i .`' ..<br />
O f Z r .<br />
.:C i i C t l O il 0 k ;x '. J . L<br />
. : i l . t ?' 1 1<br />
.<br />
; :i ne<br />
.<br />
o ,: 1 __ t ; r s ) u C<br />
. . .<br />
- j<br />
C i l<br />
. rt l l<br />
)<br />
'r a zl a s o r . a a t i o . o :' Ka ' : i .<br />
t e r _ l s<br />
. l a s t f u ^:: c e s :: C ( I ) F'1 . . : !z!bo C : u 11 ;+40 )<br />
' Srs . l`<br />
ri ''r I i ::<br />
. C . % ( '- » ) l aL t,o C J Cu ( l J )<br />
S t c e l r<br />
=:n c : 3 x za :: 3 1 1 s i 1<br />
,<br />
.<br />
( i r ;, z. d 1 C ( 1 ) > )<br />
T;r .<br />
=z d C a ( 1 -<br />
; 4 )<br />
i r a d C 5 u ( 1 + )<br />
' ;;<br />
j tU ( Co : Ui .<br />
:e d<br />
e x : l a i v e<br />
_:T l r .<br />
C ri d i a r ;;<br />
c ; :nu ( 1 9 1 .<br />
)<br />
i i: nu f a c t u r i :z ;<br />
. ;' a c i l i t ;i _<br />
e s<br />
. _ .. L C : , . L l e l .<br />
l .<br />
i C 1 1 l .<br />
i C l. d r l P . U 1<br />
. _<br />
1 t ! t ' 7<br />
Pl :i a<br />
: r o d :. C .<br />
. .<br />
TI<br />
. r e : . >o ti a 21U t; _<br />
r r i f•r s o ;_ . .: .<br />
;f?<br />
1 i f l e a ra u r : f a c t c r i<br />
. .<br />
`<br />
' Z i1 t S . . :<br />
1' O Ci t) G J i ii J l r' ' i0 . .<br />
E• C<br />
_ i .<br />
i r c r a f t f a c t;or e s<br />
'%dr i _ị : :i S .<br />
::; i n c- 1 . r o a u c i i , , i a t ::<br />
P o r 1:N ; o f < c t e r i e s<br />
i io o r v e :_i c l a ,:r c da c t o r r l .<br />
:_<br />
k ; .<br />
F o : e. r Cu<br />
7 _<br />
y<br />
Ll e c t r i ci t v 9 . ị. v<br />
i l EC : Y' 1 C L f i Or' i .<br />
)<br />
r o ; e r l r :<br />
t s u s i i : ; :: : .<br />
_ )<br />
t;c :r c :; c : c:r ;y ) e z^i a l :ii ::e ;<br />
D ; .
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
. l e _-, _ ' . . : .<br />
' . z l , :i l i<br />
: ; . . _ ,<br />
F=
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8<br />
'iA3LE VII<br />
1 •<br />
i 1 S S 1 On :<br />
To At t a c k I Ii l i t a r y I n s t a l l a t i o n s 'Je a Pon s Ava i l . - :Je a p on s De v el o p e d<br />
ancz F able 3t the durin the Jar<br />
ac ilities in Cities and to<br />
Outbreak o f<br />
Lau n ch Re t a l i a t i o n r 1 •c i;a c Ja r<br />
Uovernreni an d Adarinistrative<br />
Centers<br />
Go v e r n i ye n t b u i l d i n o s<br />
) S C O ( 1 g 3 3 )<br />
. .<br />
Y os ta l an d T e l e ra p h<br />
huildin s ) S C 2j ( 1 3j )<br />
. .<br />
Pa c3i o t r a us lui t t e r s t a t i o n s S L 5 00 A ( 1 3 g )<br />
. .<br />
Radio stations<br />
• R a d i o t o rre r s S l . . 5 0 0 A ( 1 9 3 g )<br />
I ;i l i t a r y R e n l a c e L e t C e n t e r s t ,<br />
c .<br />
St a f f h e a d u s .<br />
r t e r s )<br />
C arr i son an d barracks f : ucil ) .<br />
S C j0 (1 33)<br />
. ,<br />
i 7i l i t a r y s cs o ol s )<br />
. C . 2 0 ( 1 3 ;7 )<br />
; • i l i t a r y r e s ea r ch a n c i t e s t ) -<br />
in facilties )<br />
Retaliation A ctack: on Cities<br />
`<br />
_<br />
I r .<br />
h .<br />
bi t e d L' i s t r i c t s s o:, L s Bocnb s<br />
( Su p r l y i n s t a l l a t i on s , s e e Ap en d i x V)<br />
s .<br />
c .<br />
50 ( 1933 ) s c l . .<br />
ooo ( l y4o)<br />
S .<br />
C .<br />
50 ( 1 33 ) B .<br />
I I . 1000 ( 1 41 )<br />
a .<br />
C .<br />
2ooo (L943)<br />
s .<br />
C .<br />
18oo (lg4o)<br />
li i h - Cha r e ]3oLbs<br />
s . .<br />
%500 (194 )<br />
s . .<br />
i ooo ( 19 + 1 )<br />
Subterranean lar t air ra id shelter<br />
ti e r i a l Pṯi n es Ae r i t 3l rii n e s<br />
L .<br />
i i .<br />
: .<br />
j U ( 1 9 j 6 } ) Emp l oy e d f o? t h e<br />
L .<br />
i - i .<br />
L .<br />
l 00 U ( 1 a 3 5 ) ) i i r s t t i a i n 1 40<br />
)for this purpose<br />
) ; • i t h e er ` en c y f u s e s<br />
I n c etid i a r y Bomb s I n c e Tzdi a r y Boar b s<br />
B .<br />
I .<br />
E .<br />
(193j) B .<br />
2 .<br />
E .`L .<br />
(19 1 )<br />
8 .<br />
1 .<br />
3 .<br />
L (1 9j3) lirand 10 (1943)<br />
Br a nd C 5 0 ( 1 '+3 )<br />
Brand C 250 (1g 3 )<br />
Sc a t t e r b ot b C 5 0 0<br />
( 1 J 1 )<br />
u s i n s ub eva y s •, c d t un . e l s a s s h e l t e r P .<br />
C .<br />
00 Rs ( 1 4 0 )<br />
a r ea s P .<br />
C .<br />
1 I+00 (1 +0 )<br />
THIS PAGE DECLASSIFIED IAW EQ 129 8