Laser Tracking on the CD Scaled Views of a Compact Disc
Laser Tracking on the CD Scaled Views of a Compact Disc
Laser Tracking on the CD Scaled Views of a Compact Disc
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= and =<br />
The transmissi<strong>on</strong> coefficients are<br />
= and<br />
=<br />
Note that <strong>the</strong>se coefficients are fracti<strong>on</strong>al amplitudes, and must be squared to get fracti<strong>on</strong>al<br />
intensities for reflecti<strong>on</strong> and transmissi<strong>on</strong>.<br />
You can choose values <strong>of</strong> parameters which will give transmissi<strong>on</strong> coefficients greater than 1, and<br />
that would appear to violate c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> energy. (For example, try light incident from a medium<br />
<strong>of</strong> n 1 =1.5 up<strong>on</strong> a medium <strong>of</strong> n 2 =1.0 with an angle <strong>of</strong> incidence <strong>of</strong> 30°.) But <strong>the</strong> square <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
transmissi<strong>on</strong> coefficient gives <strong>the</strong> transmitted energy flux per unit area (intensity), and <strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> transmitted beam is smaller in <strong>the</strong> refracted beam than in <strong>the</strong> incident beam if <strong>the</strong> index <strong>of</strong><br />
refracti<strong>on</strong> is less than that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> incident medium. When you take <strong>the</strong> intensity times <strong>the</strong> area for<br />
both <strong>the</strong> reflected and refracted beams, <strong>the</strong> total energy flux must equal that in <strong>the</strong> incident beam.<br />
For fur<strong>the</strong>r details, see Jenkins and White.<br />
Checking out c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> energy in this situati<strong>on</strong> leads to <strong>the</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>ship<br />
which applies to both <strong>the</strong> parallel and perpendicular cases.<br />
Parallel case: Reflected % and transmitted %.<br />
Perpendicular case: Reflected % and transmitted %.<br />
Blue Sky<br />
The blue color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sky is caused by <strong>the</strong> scattering <strong>of</strong> sunlight <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> molecules <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
atmosphere. This scattering, called Rayleigh scattering, is more effective at short wavelengths (<strong>the</strong><br />
blue end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visible spectrum). Therefore <strong>the</strong> light scattered down to <strong>the</strong> earth at a large angle<br />
with respect to <strong>the</strong> directi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun's light is predominantly in <strong>the</strong> blue end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectrum.