Louis Perez

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http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/basics_interactive.html
Looking at Ions We haven’t talked about ions before, so let’s get down to basics. The atomic number of an element, also called a proton number, tells you the number of protons or positive particles in an atom. A normal atom has a neutral charge with equal numbers of positive and negative particles. That means an atom with a neutral charge is one where the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number. Ions are atoms with extra electrons or missing electrons. When you are missing an electron or two, you have a positive charge. When you have an extra electron or two, you have a negative charge. What do you do if you are a sodium (Na) atom? You have eleven electrons — one too many to have an entire shell filled. You need to find another element that will take that electron away from you. When you lose that electron, you will you’ll have full shells. Whenever an atom has full shells, we say it is "happy." Let's look at chlorine (Cl). Chlorine has seventeen electrons and only needs one more to fill its third shell and be "happy." Chlorine will take your extra sodium electron and leave you with 10 electrons inside of two filled shells. You are now a happy atom too. You are also an ion and missing one electron. That missing electron gives you a positive charge. You are still the element sodium, but you are now a sodium ion (Na + ). You have one less electron than your atomic number. Ion Characteristics So now you've become a sodium ion. You have ten electrons. That's the same number of electrons as neon (Ne). But you aren't neon. Since you're missing an electron, you aren't really a complete sodium atom either. As an ion you are now something completely new. Your whole goal as an atom was to become a "happy atom" with completely filled electron shells. Now you have those filled shells. You have a lower energy. You lost an electron and you are "happy." So what makes you interesting to other atoms? Now that you have given up the electron, you are quite electrically attractive. Other electrically charged atoms (ions) of the opposite charge (negative) are now looking at you and seeing a good partner to bond with. That's where the chlorine comes in. It's not only chlorine. Almost any ion with a negative charge will be interested in bonding with you.
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Louis Perez LWTH 11TH
Page 3 and 4: Honors Chemistry Class Policies and
Page 5 and 6: Unit 1 Measurement Lab Separation o
Page 7 and 8: Unit 1 (14 days) Chapter 1 Introduc
Page 9 and 10: Unit 4 (15 days) Chapter 10 Chemica
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Page 16 and 17: 150. 140. Table G Solubility Curves
Page 18 and 19: Table I Heats of Reaction at 101.3
Page 20 and 21: Table O Symbols Used in Nuclear Che
Page 22 and 23: 0 6.941 +1 Li 3 2-1 Na 39.0983 K +1
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Page 51: Converting Real Things Table 1 Usin
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Gas laws Cody N, Marc M, Eddie V, L
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Formula and Usage P 1 x V 1 = P 2 x
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Charles’s Law States that volume
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Example http://www.youtube.com/watc
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Formula and Usage Formula: P1/T1=P2
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Unit 5 & 6 Test Review Heat of Fusi
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Louis Perez

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