Curriculum Vitae - College of Humanities and Sciences - Virginia ...

CURRICULUM VITAE
Date: September 28, 2011
Name:
Address:
Bernard K. Means
1205 Littlepage Street
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Phone: (540) 784-8433
E-mail: bkmeans@juno.com
Education:
Ph.D. in Anthropology, Arizona State University, April 2006. Dissertation Title: ―Circular
Reasoning: Drawing on Models of Ring-shaped Village Spatial Layouts To Examine Villages in
Late Prehistoric Pennsylvania.‖ Committee: Dr. Christopher Carr (Chair), Dr. Glen Rice, and
Dr. Barbara Stark of Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona; Dr. John Nass of California
University of Pennsylvania, California, Pennsylvania; and Dr. Robert Maslowski, Marshall
University, Huntington, West Virginia.
B.A. in Anthropology, Occidental College, 1986. Graduated cum laude and with honors in
Anthropology. Obtained Physics Minor.
Research interests:
Public archaeology; archaeology of Northeastern North America, especially the Middle Atlantic
region; 20 th Century and New Deal (Depression-era) archaeology; curation of virtual collections;
Monongahela tradition archaeology including the Contact period; social, behavioral and
ideological factors underlying the human use of space; cross-cultural studies of village spatial
and social organizations; research potential of museum collections; directional (circular)
statistics and analysis of mortuary and other archaeological data; analysis of the built
environment using archaeological data; settlement and community pattern studies.
Courses Taught:
Introduction to Anthropology (four-field approach)
Introduction to Archaeology/Archaeology
Physical Anthropology
World Archaeology
Archaeological Theory
Archaeological Methods and Research Design
Grave Matters: On Death and Burial/Death and Burial 1
Field Techniques in Archaeology
Archaeological Curation, Conservation, and Collections Management
1 This course received a favorable writeup in the Chronicle of Higher Education, ―An
Anthropologist Leads Students 6 Feet Under,‖ by J.J. Hermes, September 28, 2007.

Teaching Experience Overview:
Collateral Professor of Anthropology, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia. Taught Archaeological Theory (Fall 2010, Fall 2011), Death
and Burial (Fall 2010, Fall 2011), Introduction to Anthropology (Fall 2010, Spring 2011),
Introduction to Archaeology (Fall 2010, Summer 2011, Fall 2011), World Archaeology (Spring
2011), and Archaeological Methods and Research Design (Spring 2010).
Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia. Taught Archaeological Theory (Spring 2010), Death and
Burial (Fall 2008, Fall 2009), Introduction to Anthropology (Fall 2008, Fall 2009), Introduction
to Archaeology (Spring 2008, Summer 2009, Fall 2009, Summer 2010, Spring 2010), and World
Archaeology (Spring 2009, Spring 2010).
Visiting Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology,
Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia. Taught Introduction to Anthropology (Fall
2006, Winter 2007, Fall 2007), Grave Matters: On Death and Burial (Fall 2006, Fall 2007,
Winter 2008), World Archaeology (Winter 2007), Physical Anthropology (Winter 2007, Winter
2008), Archaeology (Winter 2008), and Field Techniques in Archaeology (Spring 2007 and
Spring 2008).
Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia. Taught multiple sections of Introduction to Anthropology and
Introduction to Archaeology in Fall 2004 to Summer 2006. Also taught a writing intensive upper
division course, Archaeological Theory, in Spring 2006.
Visiting Lecturer in Archaeology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Washington and
Lee University, Lexington, Virginia. Co-taught Field Techniques in Archaeology, Spring 2004
and Spring 2005 semesters.
Instructor, National Preservation Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. Co-taught Archaeological
Curation, Conservation, and Collections Management, September 2001.
Graduate Assistant/Associate, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 1986 to 1990. Assisted in
the instruction of Principles of Archaeology, Laboratory Methods in Archaeology, Introduction
to Cultural Anthropology, Fossil Hominids, and Southwestern Anthropology.
Advising and service activities:
Member of search committee for Collateral Instructor position in Biological Anthropology,
Summer 2011, at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Elected to the Graduate Academic Curriculum committee, beginning Spring 2011, at Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Faculty mentor for one Virginia Commonwealth University student at the 2011 Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland.

Faculty mentor for two Virginia Commonwealth University students at the 2010 Archeological
Society of Virginia/Eastern States Archeological Federation joint annual meeting, Williamsburg,
Virginia. One student won best student paper contest.
Faculty mentor for one Virginia Commonwealth University student at the 2010 Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland.
Faculty mentor for one Virginia Commonwealth University student at the 2009 Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland.
Faculty mentor for one Washington and Lee University student at the 2008 Uplands
Archaeology in the East conference, Radford, Virginia.
Faculty mentor for two Washington and Lee University students at the 2008 Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland.
Minority recruitment reception, March 14, 2008 for prospective minority applicants for
Washington and Lee University‘s class of 2012
Co-advisor with Dr. Sascha Goluboff of Abbie Jackson‘s June 2007 undergraduate honors thesis,
Representation Issues and the History and Archaeology of Washington and Lee University.
Faculty mentor for three Washington and Lee University students at the 2007 Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference, Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Minority recruitment reception, March 4, 2007 for prospective minority applicants for
Washington and Lee University‘s class of 2011. Two prospective students also attended my
World Archaeology class.
Minority recruitment reception, January 15, 2007 for top minority applicants for Washington and
Lee University‘s class of 2011.
Service:
Board Member, Pennsylvania Archaeological Council, elected April 2011.
Chair, Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology C-14 dating committee, January 2011 to present.
Chair, Society for American Archaeology History of Archaeology Interest Group, April 2010 to
present.
Graphics Designer, Pennsylvania Archaeology Month committee. Designed poster for 2009
Pennsylvania Archaeology Month, entitled ―New Deal Archaeology: Pennsylvanians Dig During
the Depression, 1934-1940.

Consultant, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Aiding in developing materials
for the 2009 celebration of New Deal archaeology in Pennsylvania, April 2008 to October 2008.
Member, Virginia State Plan Committee, a co-operative venture between the Virginia
Department of Historic Resources, the Council of Virginia Archaeologists, and the
Archeological Society of Virginia. Responsible for completing chapter on Late Woodland
cultures in Northern Virginia, and co-author with Michael Madden on chapter on archaeology of
the 20 th century A.D., summer 2007 to present.
Newsletter Editor, Society for American Archaeology History of Archaeology Interest Group
newsletter, January 2011 to present.
Newsletter Editor, Archeological Society of Virginia. Complete quarterly newsletter, October
2006 to December 2010.
Newsletter Editor, Archeological Society of Maryland. Completed monthly newsletter, June
1997 to October 1998.
Experience:
Collateral Professor of Anthropology, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia. Taught Introduction to Anthropology, Introduction to
Archaeology, Death and Burial, World Archaeology, Archaeological Theory, and
Archaeological Methods and Research and Design. Richmond, Virginia, August 2010 to
present.
Archaeologist, Versar, Inc., Developed predictive models, worked on Department of Defense
Legacy projects, developed research designs and revised reports for Delaware Department of
Transportation data recovery projects. Springfield, Virginia. January 2008 to present.
Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia. Taught Introduction to Anthropology, Introduction to
Archaeology, Death and Burial, World Archaeology, and Archaeological Theory. Richmond,
Virginia, August 2008 to Spring 2010.
Visiting Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology,
Washington and Lee University. Taught Grave Matters: On Death and Burial, World
Archaeology, Physical Anthropology, three sections of Introduction to Anthropology, and Field
Techniques in Archaeology. Lexington, Virginia, July 2006 to June 2008.

Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, School of World Studies,
Virginia Commonwealth University. Taught five sections of Introduction to Anthropology,
providing an overview of a four-field approach to anthropology, four sections of Introduction to
Archaeology, focusing on a global approach to an anthropological archaeology of human
material remains beginning with the earliest archaeological sites in Africa, and one section of
Archaeological Theory, a writing intensive upper division course that presented an overview of
the history of archaeological thought and major theoretical approaches followed by
archaeologists today. Richmond, Virginia, August 2005 to August 2006.
Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, School of World Studies,
Virginia Commonwealth University. Taught one section of Introduction to Anthropology,
providing an overview of a four-field approach to anthropology, and one section of Introduction
to Archaeology, focusing on a global approach to an anthropological archaeology of human
material remains beginning with the earliest archaeological sites in Africa. Richmond, Virginia,
June to August 2005.
Visiting Lecturer in Archaeology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Washington and
Lee University. Co-taught field school, Field Techniques in Archaeology; instructed students on
the proper techniques necessary to excavate and document an historic site on the campus of
Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia; taught basic laboratory processing and
artifact identification; assisted students with PowerPoint presentations; lectured students on
archaeological methods and techniques; helped develop a public interpretative program.
Lexington, Virginia, April to May 2005.
Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, School of World Studies,
Virginia Commonwealth University. Taught two sections of Introduction to Anthropology,
providing an overview of a four-field approach to anthropology, and two sections of Introduction
to Archaeology, focusing on a global approach to an anthropological archaeology of human
material remains beginning with the earliest archaeological sites in Africa. Richmond, Virginia,
August to December 2004.
Visiting Lecturer in Archaeology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Washington and
Lee University. Co-taught field school, Field Techniques in Archaeology; instructed students on
the proper techniques necessary to excavate and document an historic/prehistoric site in
Allegheny County, Virginia; taught basic laboratory processing and artifact identification;
assisted students with PowerPoint presentations; lectured students on the nature of North
American archaeology, including Cultural Resource Management; as part of a special prehistoric
symposium, gave overview of Woodland period in the Eastern U.S. Lexington, Virginia, April
to May 2004.

Bernard K. Means
Curator for Federal Collections, Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory, Jefferson
Patterson Park and Museum. Responsible for locating all federal collections held in the state
repository and upgrading federal collections to meet 36CFR79; performing identification,
cataloging, and digital documentation of artifacts as necessary; entering catalog information into
Re:Discovery relational database; conducting full physical inventory of collections with
representatives of federal agencies. St. Leonard, Maryland, November 2002 to November 2003.
Assistant Collections Manager, Alexandria Archaeology Museum. Responsible for cataloging
and data entry for archaeological remains recovered throughout Alexandria; developed prehistoric
artifact cataloging system and related volunteer training program; completed loan forms and
maintained loan database; performed basic conservation of waterlogged remains and metal
objects; conducted digital photographic documentation of conserved artifacts; created a digital
record of the Museum's collections; trained and supervised volunteers and high school and college
interns in artifact processing, identification, collections management, basic conservation, and
fieldwork; assisted in instructing laboratory methods to field school students; participated in
public education endeavors; prepared press releases; edited, wrote, and oversaw final production
of public archaeology booklets, newsletter articles, and archaeological site reports; managed
Adopt-an-Artifact program; prepared slides and handouts for use in off-site workshops and on-site
training; and, developed temporary and permanent exhibits. Alexandria, Virginia, November
1998 through September 2002.
Instructor, National Preservation Institute. Facilitated course and instructed students in
collections management policies and practices, cataloguing and database design, and planning for
storage through evaluating repositories and their curation practices, for course entitled
―Archaeological Curation, Conservation, and Collections Management.‖ Alexandria, Virginia,
September 2001.
Conservation Technician, Alexandria Conservation Services, Ltd. Responsible for conservation
photography; desalination and reconstruction of ceramics; mechanical cleaning of copper alloy
artifacts; and, documentation and illustration of wood before, during, and after conservation
treatment. January 1999 to January 2000.
Workshop Instructor, Fifteenth Annual Workshops in Archaeology at The State Museum of
Pennsylvania. Taught basic collections management procedures and how to analyze an existing
archaeological collection using documents and artifacts collected as part of Depression-era
archaeological investigations in southwestern Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, November
1999.
Workshop Instructor, Ceramics for Archaeologists Seminar Co-sponsored by Historic Kenmore
and George Washington's Ferry Farm and the Center for Historic Preservation at Mary
Washington College. Taught basic characteristics of late eighteenth through late nineteenth
century historic ceramics found in Alexandria, Virginia, contexts to general audience of
professional and avocational archaeologists, as well as interested members of the public.
Fredericksburg, Virginia, November 1999.

Bernard K. Means
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Scholar in Residence, Division of
Archaeology, The State Museum of Pennsylvania. Inventoried field records, photographs,
artifacts and other holdings related to the 1934 to 1940 Somerset County Relief Excavations.
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, September 1999.
Laboratory Assistant, Alexandria Archaeology Museum. Cataloged artifacts and completed data
entry for archaeological remains recovered from the Old Bakery and Civil War Hospital Complex
(44AX180), located at 200 North Lee Street, Alexandria. Also trained and supervised volunteers,
participated in public education, and performed basic conservation of waterlogged remains and
metal objects. Alexandria, Virginia, July 1998 to October 1998.
Workshop Instructor, Corcoran Gallery of Art. Responsible for teaching basic archaeological
principles and conducting a mock excavation for children as part of the Archaeology and
Conservation Workshop for the Legacy of Greece festival. Washington, D.C. October 1998.
Principal Investigator, Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. Participated in preparation of Draft
Archaeological Guidelines for Washington, D.C., by developing draft report guidelines and
chairing June 5, 1996, conference session on report writing. Helped prepare Final Archaeological
Guidelines for Washington, District of Columbia, and updated map of all D.C. archaeological sites
and cultural resources projects. Washington, D.C., February 1995 to May 1998.
Research Archeologist, Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. Conducted and coordinated cultural
resources literature searches at state site files (Maryland, Pennsylvania, Texas, Iowa, Michigan,
and Illinois) and the Library of Congress. For the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation's
U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, I authored or co-authored: cultural resources sections of a
Draft Environmental Impact Statement; interim reports of Phase II archaeology with Phase III
research designs and data recovery plans; the majority of a combined Phase I and II report;
research question, previous investigation, and culture history chapters for several Phase III reports;
and, was senior author on one Phase III report. One report involved extensive work correlating
1938 historic photographs with the 1994 excavations. To comply with NAGPRA, I composed a
treatment plan for human remains anticipated at sites excavated for the Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation's U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project. I also completed the cultural resources
sections of an Environmental Assessment Report for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service of California
Bend, Iowa, and of Environmental Assessment Reports for the U.S. Coast Guard for both
Construction of Family Housing, Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan, and for Relocation of Base St.
Louis, Missouri, to Granite City, Illinois. I worked on sections of technical proposals, including
public involvement plans, for projects in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Maryland. Greenbelt,
Maryland, March 1995 to May 1998.
Field and Laboratory Technician Volunteer, Archaeology In Annapolis. Assisted in computer
analysis of excavation data, preparation and set up of public programs, and excavation.
Annapolis, Maryland, October 1995 to March 1997.

Bernard K. Means
Laboratory Director, Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. Supervised archaeological laboratory and
trained laboratory technicians in artifact processing, collections management, and curation for
U.S. 219 Meyersdale, Pennsylvania Phase I and Phase II, Fish and Wildlife West Virginia Phase II
and Phase III, Pulte and McDonald's Phase I investigations in Fairfax, Va., FDA Phase I;
cataloged historic and prehistoric artifacts from multiple sites throughout the Middle Atlantic
region; created, edited and maintained artifact catalog databases; curated collections from
archaeological projects for Pennsylvania and West Virginia repositories; performed statistical
analyses and produced artifact distribution maps; completed state of Pennsylvania site forms;
authored laboratory procedures to guide changing roster of laboratory technicians; conducted
background research in Library of Congress and Pennsylvania Historical and Museum
Commission repositories for Bradford, Chester, Wilcox, and Somerset Counties, Pennsylvania.
Greenbelt, Maryland, November 1993 to March 1995.
Field Technician, Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. Participated in Phase I excavation in Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania; Co-authored report on Phase I excavations; conducted background research
at Library of Congress and Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission repositories for
Lancaster County project and U.S. 219 Meyersdale Project, Pennsylvania Phase I and Phase II
project; wrote background history and cultural synthesis and predictive model for U.S. 219 report;
performed statistical analyses for U.S. 219 Management Summaries. Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania, and Greenbelt, Maryland, July to October 1993.
Field Technician, College of William and Mary, Center for Archaeological Research. Participated
in Phase III excavation of a prehistoric site through excavation, mapping, and water screening of
soil matrix. Wise County, Virginia, May to June 1993.
Field Technician, Heritage Resource Services, Inc. Monitored heavy equipment, excavated and
mapped by transit exposed features at 19th and 20th century industrial site of Tredegar Rolling
Mills. Richmond, Virginia, March and May 1993.
Field Technician, Gray & Pape, Inc. Participated in Phase I investigation of a 17-mile Virginia
Power transmission line, encountering sites ranging from intact archaic camps to Civil War
earthworks. Henrico and Hanover counties, Virginia, April to May 1993.
Field Technician, Gray & Pape, Inc. Participated in Phase I investigation of a proposed 80-mile
Cincinnati Gas and Electric pipeline, which involved use of GPS equipment to determine site
locations. Eastern Kentucky, January to February 1993.
Field Technician, Gray & Pape, Inc. Participated in Phase II excavations at two prehistoric sites
along a proposed Columbia Gas pipeline. Warwick, New York, December 1992.
Museum Technician, Museum and Archaeological Regional Storage Facility. Cataloged historic
materials, dating from the eighteenth century to the present, and prehistoric materials from
throughout the Middle Atlantic region; data entered and edited catalog records in ANCS. Lanham,
Maryland, June 1991 to October 1992.

Bernard K. Means
Field and Laboratory Technician Volunteer, Manassas Battlefield Archaeology. Excavated at
two nineteenth-century African-American sites on the ―Stuart's Hill‖ tract; created archaeological
maps and drawings using a computer drawing program (Autosketch 3); managed a database of
artifact descriptions. Manassas National Battlefield Park, Manassas, Virginia, July 1991 to July
1992.
Field Technician, Engineering-Science, Inc. Participated in excavations at sites along a proposed
Congas pipeline just outside the Manassas National Battlefield Park, including: Phase I and II
investigations of two prehistoric lithic scatters near Gainesville, Virginia; Phase II excavations in
a prehistoric site near the Dunklin gravesite (a Confederate soldier) and near the bed of the
Unfinished Railroad at the Manassas National Battlefield Park. Manassas and Gainesville,
Virginia, May to June 1991.
Field Technician, Engineering-Science, Inc. Participated in Phase II excavation of an archaic
site at future location of Southern Maryland Federal Courthouse. Greenbelt, Maryland, May 1991.
Field Technician, Engineering-Science, Inc. Participated in Phase III excavation of a midnineteenth
century cemetery at the site of a Congas office facility. South Hill, Virginia, May
1991.
Field Technician, Engineering-Science, Inc. Participated in Phase I excavation along the site of a
proposed gas pipeline located near the Manassas National Battlefield Park, encountering both
historic and prehistoric materials. Manassas, Virginia, April 1991.
Field and Laboratory Technician Volunteer, Manassas Battlefield Archaeology. Participated in
Phase I excavations in the ―Stuart's Hill‖ tract; washed, sorted, and labeled artifacts in laboratory;
entered data in ANCS catalog format. Manassas National Battlefield Park, Manassas, Virginia,
March to April 1991.
Field Archaeologist, Vijayanagara Research Project. Assisted astronomer in using surveying
equipment (theodolite) to measure the alignment of palaces and temples with respect to Hindu
cosmological landscapes at Aihole, Badami, and Pattadakal (fourth to sixth centuries A.D.) and at
Vijayanagara (fourteenth to sixteenth centuries A.D.). Karnataka, India, January to February 1991.
Analyst, Soil Systems, Inc. Analyzed worked ceramic collections from the Pueblo Grande Data
Recovery project, with emphasis on spindle whorls, using nonparametric statistics to examine
metric attributes with the aid of a spreadsheet. Phoenix, Arizona, October to December 1990.
Assistant Laboratory Director, Soil Systems, Inc. For the Pueblo Grande Data Recovery project,
responsible for computerized database management of artifact descriptions; identified sorted and
inventoried a wide variety of prehistoric artifacts, including lithic, ceramic, botanical and
osteological (human and nonhuman) collections; excavated in situ vessel fill; accessioned
artifacts; reconstructed artifacts; processed flotations; participated in curation of collection for
final storage in state repository. Phoenix, Arizona, May 1989 to December 1990.
Curator, Soil Systems, Inc. Maintained computerized database of field and analytical records and
prepared final curation of archival and archaeological collections from AT&T fiber optics survey,
Arizona/New Mexico border to Mountaineer, New Mexico. Phoenix, Arizona, September to
October 1990.

Bernard K. Means
Laboratory Technician, Soil Systems, Inc. Managed computerized database system and sorted
prehistoric and historic artifacts from AT&T fiber optics survey, from Flagstaff, Arizona to the
California border. Phoenix, Arizona, July to October 1990.
Curator, Soil Systems, Inc. Managed computerized database of field and analytical records;
conducted final curation of archival and archaeological collections from AT&T fiber optics
survey, Flagstaff, Arizona to New Mexico border. Phoenix, Arizona, March to April 1990.
Graduate Associate, Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology, ASB 335-
Southwestern Anthropology. Graded and composed exams and assignments; lectured on the
prehistoric Sinagua culture. Tempe, Arizona, January to May 1990.
Graduate Associate, Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology, ASB 344- Fossil
Hominids. Graded and composed exams and class assignments; produced slides for lectures;
lectured on stone tool use and the Upper to Middle Paleolithic transition. Tempe, Arizona, August
to December 1989.
Analyst, Soil Systems, Inc. Analyzed an early twentieth century historic artifact collection from
AT&T fiber optics survey, New Mexico; conducted documentary research on the history of the
region and on contemporaneous material culture; entered artifact descriptions in computerized
database; produced published report on artifact analysis. Phoenix, Arizona, August 1989.
Laboratory Technician, Soil Systems, Inc. Managed computerized database of prehistoric and
historic collections from AT&T survey from Flagstaff, AZ to Albuquerque, NM. Phoenix,
Arizona, August 1989.
Field Technician, Soil Systems, Inc. Surveyed impact of AT&T fiber optics line near
Mountaineer, NM, through excavation of shovel test pits along the fiber optics line and by
excavating test units into middens from nearby prehistoric Pueblos. Mountaineer, New Mexico,
June 1989.
Graduate Associate, Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology, ASB 335-
Southwestern Anthropology. Graded exams and all class projects. Tempe, Arizona, January to
May 1989.
Graduate Associate, Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology, ASB 102-
Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. Assisted students with questions on class lectures and
exams. Tempe, Arizona, August to December 1988.
Field Technician, Dames and Moore. Surveyed impact of MCI fiber optics line and assisted in
the evaluation of archaeological remains. Benson, Arizona to El Paso, Texas, August 1988.
Field Technician, Dames and Moore. Surveyed impact of MCI fiber optics line and evaluated the
archaeological remains encountered. Phoenix to Yuma, Arizona, July 1988.

Bernard K. Means
Field Archaeologist, Vijayanagara Metropolitan Survey. Surveyed 5 km 2 area adjacent to
medieval capital city of Vijayanagara; produced accurate sketch maps of temples, irrigation works
and village sites; illustrated diagnostic artifacts; conducted surface mapping and documentation of
a small village site, resulting in a later publication. Karnataka, India, February to March 1988.
Field Archaeologist, Vijayanagara Research Project. Conducted architectural documentation of
monumental gateway structures leading into medieval city of Vijayanagara. Karnataka, India,
January 1988.
Graduate Assistant, Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology. Assisted Curator;
reorganized contract archaeology records; verified location of archaeological sites on U.S.G.S.
maps. Tempe, Arizona, August to December 1987.
Field Technician, Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University. Surveyed
desert region for proposed location of particle accelerator site. Maricopa County, Arizona, May to
June 1987.
Field Technician, Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology, Field School.
Excavated Hohokam habitation site; analyzed formal lithic tools from the site. Maricopa County,
Arizona, January to May 1987.
Graduate Assistant, Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology, Laboratory Methods
in Archaeology, emphasis on prehistoric and Southwestern Indian culture. Supervised laboratory
periods. Tempe, Arizona, January to May 1987.
Field Technician, Dames and Moore. Participated in cultural resources survey. Maricopa County,
Arizona, December 1986.
Graduate Assistant, Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology, Principles of
Archaeology. Graded exams and assisted students. Tempe, Arizona, August to December 1986.
Curatorial Assistant in Archaeology, Southwest Museum. Cataloged and recorded information on
lithic and ceramic collections for entry into computer data storage system; photographed artifacts
on motion picture film for later placement on video laser discs. Los Angeles, California, June to
August 1986.
Registrar Internist, Southwest Museum. Researched the history of and catalogued new
acquisitions; assessed condition of new acquisitions; accessioned incoming collections and entered
data into computer data storage system. Los Angeles, California, April to June 1986.
Research Assistant Volunteer, Southwest Museum. Researched linguistic, cultural and physical
resources for maps to be included in California Indians exhibit. Los Angeles, California, July to
September 1985.
Exhibits Internist, Southwest Museum. Assisted in preparation of California Indians exhibit;
researched museum records on all artifacts to be displayed; created mock exhibits to plan final
form of exhibit hall; wrote labels for some exhibited artifacts. Los Angeles, California, April to
June 1985.

Publications:
Bernard K. Means
Books:
Bromberg, Francine, Steven J. Shephard, Barbara H. Magid, Pamela J. Cressey, Timothy Dennée,
and Bernard K. Means
2000 “To Find Rest From All Trouble”: The Archaeology of the Quaker Burying Ground
Alexandria, Virginia. Alexandria Archaeology, Alexandria, Virginia.
Means, Bernard K.
2000 A Guide to Artifacts from the Lee Street Site. Alexandria Archaeology Publication
Number 125. Alexandria Archaeology, Alexandria, Virginia.
2007 Circular Villages of the Monongahela Tradition. The University of Alabama Press,
Tuscaloosa.
Means, Bernard K., editor
2012 Shovel Ready: Archaeology and Roosevelt’s New Deal for America. The University of
Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. In press. Expected publication in Fall 2012.
Means, Bernard K., editor and contributor
1999 Archaeology and the Community in Alexandria: The Lee Street Site. Alexandria
Archaeology Publication 122.
Chapters in edited volumes:
Hart, John P. and Bernard K. Means
2002 Maize and Villages: a Summary and Critical Assessment of Current Northeast Early Late
Prehistoric Evidence. In Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 - A.D. 1300,
edited by John P. Hart and Christina Rieth, pp. 345-358. New York State Museum Bulletin 496.
The University of the State of New York, Albany.
Johnson, William C. and Bernard K. Means
2012 The Monongahela Tradition of the Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Periods,12 th to 17 th
Centuries A.D., in the Lower Upper Ohio River Valley. In A Synthesis of Pennsylvania
Prehistoric Archaeology. In Press. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission,
Harrisburg.
Magid, Barbara H. and Bernard K. Means
2003 In the Philadelphia Style: the Pottery of Henry Piercy. Ceramics in America 2003:47-86.
Means, Bernard K.
1991 A Small Settlement Near the City of Vijayanagara. Vijayanagara Progress of Research
Reports- 1987-1988. Karnataka Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India.

Bernard K. Means
2002 ―....To Reconstruct These Houses of Men Who Lived in a Stone Age:‖ Modeling Village
Community Organization Using Data from the Somerset County Relief Excavations. In
Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 - A.D. 1300, edited by John P. Hart and
Christina Rieth, pp. 43-71. New York State Museum Bulletin 496. The University of the State
of New York, Albany.
2005 Late Woodland Villages in the Allegheny Mountains Region of Southwestern
Pennsylvania: Temporal and Social Implications of New Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Dates.
Uplands Archaeology in the East VII and IX, edited by Carole L. Nash and Michael B. Barber,
pp. 13-23. Archeological Society of Virginia Special Publication 38-7.
2012a Villagers and Farmers of the Middle and Upper Ohio River Valley, 11 th to 17 th
Centuries A.D.: the Fort Ancient and Monongahela Traditions. In The Oxford Handbook of
North American Archaeology, edited by Timothy Pauketat. Scheduled for publication in Fall
2011.
2012b "Alphabet Soup" and American Archaeology. In Shovel Ready: Archaeology and
Roosevelt's New Deal for America, edited by Bernard K. Means. The University of Alabama
Press, Tuscaloosa. In Press. Scheduled for publication in Fall 2012.
2012c Archaeologist #.00000000000000000: Edgar E. Augustine and New Deal Excavations
in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. In Shovel Ready: Archaeology and Roosevelt's New Deal
for America, edited by Bernard K. Means. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. In
Press. Scheduled for publication in Fall 2012.
2012d Shovels at Ready: Work Relief and American Archaeology-Today and Tomorrow. In
Shovel Ready: Archaeology and Roosevelt's New Deal for America, edited by Bernard K.
Means. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. In Press. Scheduled for publication in
Fall 2012.
2012e The Late Woodland of Northern Virginia. In Virginia’s State Plan for Archaeology,
edited by Michael Barber. Scheduled for publication in 2012.
2012f The Archaeology of the 20th Century: Excavating the Recent Past. In Virginia’s State
Plan for Archaeology, edited by Michael Barber. Scheduled for publication in 2012.
Peer-reviewed articles:
Hart, John P., John P. Nass, and Bernard K. Means
2005 Monongahela Subsistence-Settlement Change? Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology
30 (2):327-365.
Means, Bernard K.
2002 Revisiting Mary Butler‘s ―Three Archaeological Sites in Somerset County,
Pennsylvania‖ for Continuing Insights into Depression-era Archaeology in Southwestern
Pennsylvania and Late Prehistoric Monongahela Social Organization. Pennsylvania
Archaeologist 72 (2): 8-46.

Bernard K. Means
2005 New Dates for New Deal Excavated Monongahela Villages in Somerset County.
Pennsylvania Archaeologist 75 (1):49-61.
2010 Two Archaeological Sites in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archaeologist
80 (1):1-16.
Means, Bernard K. and William H. Tippins
2010 A Discussion of New Radiocarbon Dates from the Gnagey 3 (36SO55), Mcjunkin
(36AL17), and Household (36WM61) Sites. Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80 (1):63-74.
Other articles and publications:
Means, Bernard K.
1998 Archaeological Past and Present: Field Methodology from 1930s Relief Excavations in
Somerset County, Pennsylvania and its Relevance to Modern Archaeological Interpretations.
Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 14:39-63.
1999a Sites on the Margins are not Marginal Archaeology: Small, Upland Sites in the Vicinity
of Meyersdale, Pennsylvania. North American Archaeologist 20 (2):135-161.
1999b Monongahela Mortuary Practices in Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Observations and
Implications. Pennsylvania Archaeologist 69 (2):15-44.
2000a An Archaeology of Archaeology: Recent Investigations into the 1938 Martz Rock
Shelters Excavations. Pennsylvania Archaeologist 70 (1):45-80.
2000b Archaeology in Black and White: Digging Somerset County‘s Past During the Great
Depression. Pennsylvania Heritage 26 (3):6-11.
2000c Toward a Model of Monongahela Village Community Organization: Analyzing Pit
Feature Data Recovered from the 1934 to 1940 Somerset County Relief Excavations. North
American Archaeologist 21 (1):35-61.
2000d Mapping a New Future for the Past: Further Insights into Depression-era
Archaeological Excavations in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Journal of Middle Atlantic
Archaeology 16:155-166.
2001 Circular Reasoning: Ring-shaped Village Settlements in Late Prehistoric Southwestern
Pennsylvania and Beyond. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 17:109-131.
2002 The Later Prehistory of Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, and Its Surroundings: An Overview.
North American Archaeologist 23 (4):281-307.
2003 Deliver Me From Mononga-Hell: Thinking Beyond the Culture History Paradigm to
Examine the Temporal and Spatial Parameters of Somerset Monongahela Village Settlements.
Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 19:37-58.

Bernard K. Means
2005a Building a Bridge from the Past to the Future at Jones Point Park: Archaeological
Discoveries of Alexandria, Virginia's American Indian Heritage through the Woodrow Wilson
Bridge Project at 44AX185. Alexandria Archaeology, City of Alexandria, Virginia.
2005b New AMS Dates Challenge Our Understanding of the Later Prehistory of the Upper
Ohio Valley. PAC [Pennsylvania Archaeological Council] Newsletter 26:8-9.
2005c Final Report for National Science Foundation Award # 0226785. Doctoral
Dissertation Improvement Grant: Modeling Somerset Monongahela Village Organization
Within a Chronological Framework Developed Through AMS Dating of Curated Organic
Remains. Dr. Christopher Carr, Arizona State University, Principle Investigator and Bernard
K. Means, Arizona State University, Co-Principle Investigator. Report submitted August 15 to
the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
2006a Circular Reasoning: Drawing on Models of Ring-shaped Village Spatial Layouts To
Examine Villages in Late Prehistoric Pennsylvania. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation,
Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe. University Microfilms, Ann
Arbor.
2006b Washington & Lee opens new archaeology exhibit and launches new archaeology web
site. Virginia Archaeologist 23:8-9.
2006c The Social Implications of a New Method for Estimating the Number of Residents
Within Monongahela Houses from Their Floor Areas. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology
22: 31-50.
2007 On the Application of Circular Statistics to Grave Orientations at Two Monongahela
Village Sites. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 23:105-116.
2008 Resurrecting a Forgotten Monongahela Tradition Village, the Phillips (36Fa22) Site.
Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 24:1-12.
2009a New Deal Archaeology: Pennsylvanian’s Dig During the Depression, 1934-1940. 2009
Pennsylvania Archaeology Month Poster. Available on-line at:
http://www.pennsylvaniaarchaeology.com/archaeologymonth.html
2009b New Deal Archaeology at the 2010 SAA Annual Meeting. The SAA Archaeological
Record 9 (4):7.
2009c Shovel Ready: Archaeology and Roosevelt‘s New Deal for America. Bulletin of the
History of Archaeology 19 (2):40-42.
2010a Archaeology During the Great Depression: New Deal Archaeology in Somerset County,
Pennsylvania. Antiquity 84 (325). Published online at:
http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/means325/
2010b The 2010 Gordon Willey Symposium on New Deal Archaeology at the SAA Annual
Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, and Other Activities of the SAA‘s History of Archaeology
Interest Group. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 20 (2):37-39.

Bernard K. Means
2011a Archaeology and the New Deal: How Roosevelt's 'Alphabet Soup' Programs Continue to
Influence Archaeology Today. Bernard K. Means, guest editor. The SAA Archaeological
Record 11 (3):28. Available online at: http://onlinedigeditions.com/publication/?i=70732
2011b The Future Meets the Past: Digital Mapping of New Deal Archaeology Projects Across
the Lower 48 States. Bernard K. Means, guest editor. The SAA Archaeological Record 11
(3):29-33. Available online at: http://onlinedigeditions.com/publication/?i=70732
2011c The Development of a GIS for New Deal Archaeology. Bulletin of the History of
Archaeology 21 (1):59-61. Available online at:
http://www.archaeologybulletin.org/article/view/7/11
Means, Bernard K., guest editor
2003 Theory and Middle Atlantic Archaeology. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 19.
2011 Special Forum: New Deal Archaeology. The SAA Archaeological Record 11 (3).
Available online at: http://onlinedigeditions.com/publication/?i=70732
Means, Bernard K. and Laura J. Galke
2004 Making a Future for the Past: New Dating Meets New Deal Archaeology. Pennsylvania
Heritage. Winter. 30 (1):6-11.
2007 Final Excavations on Washington and Lee University‘s Colonnade. Virginia
Archaeologist 24 (2):2-5.
Means, Bernard K. and Michael Klein
2003 Theory and Middle Atlantic Archaeology: Collected Papers. Journal of Middle Atlantic
Archaeology 19:1.
Means, Bernard K. And Justine McKnight
2009 VDHR Threatened Sites Project: Constructing Chronologies from Curated Collections for
Northern Virginia‘s Late Woodland Period. Virginia Archaeologist 26 (2):12-13.
2010 Constructing Chronologies from Curated Collections for Northern Virginia's Late
Woodland Period: A Threatened Sites Project. Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society
of Virginia 65(1):16-29.
Means, Bernard K. and Lisa Young
2000 Introductory Remarks to Collected Papers from the Session ―Making a Future for the
Past: the Continuing Relevance of Old Collections, Collections Management, And
Archaeological Conservation.‖ North American Archaeologist 21 (1):1-5.
Reviews:
Means, Bernard K.
2004a Red Salt and Reynolds (movie review). West Virginia Archaeologist 52 (1 &2):71.
[cover date of Spring and Fall 2000]

Bernard K. Means
2004b Review of Philadelphia and the Development of Americanist Archaeology (book
review). Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 20:150-151.
2006 Review of Emily Schultz's and Robert Lavenda's textbook Anthropology: A Perspective
on the Human Condition for Oxford University Press.
2007 Review of Brian Fagan‘s textbook, Ancient Lives: An Introduction to Archaeology and
Prehistory, for Prentice Hall.
2008 Review of Kenneth Feder‘s book, Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and
Pseudoscience in Archaeology, Sixth Edition, for McGraw Hill.
2008 Review of grant proposal for ―APSAT – Environment and landscapes of Trento district‘s
upland-sites‖ on behalf of the Committee for the Scientific and Technological Research of the
Province of Trento, Italy.
2010 Review of William Y. Adams book, The Road from Frijoles Canyon: Anthropological
Adventures on Four Continents. Journal of Field Archaeology 35:414-416.
Peer reviewer of articles submitted to American Antiquity, Southeastern Archaeologist,
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, Museum Anthropology, North American Archaeologist,
and Pennsylvania Archaeologist.
Web sites:
Means, Bernard K.
2007 Digging During the Depression in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Available at:
http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=4671&&SortOrder=100&level
=4&parentid=3891&css=L4&mode=2&in_hi_userid=2&cached=true
Virtual Curation Unit
2011 Virtual Curation Unit for Recording Archaeological Materials Systematically. Available
at: http://vcuarchaeology3d.wordpress.com/
Media Interactions:
Death and Burial. Interview by Tom Graham, host of Insight, WMRA public radio station,
January 5, 2007, Harrisonburg, Virginia. Archived on the web at:
http://www.wmra.org/inchive.html
An Anthropologist Leads Students 6 Feet Under. Article by J.J. Hermes on my course Grave
Matters: on Death and Burial for the September 28, 2007 Chronicle of Higher Education.
Malakoff, David, 2008, A New Deal for Archaeology. American Archaeology 12 (3):38-42
(2008). Profiles my research on New Deal Archaeology in Pennsylvania.

Bernard K. Means
Lepley, Sandra, 2008, New Deal Archaeology in Somerset County Laid Foundation for Modernday
Archeologists. Somerset Magazine 1 (1):38-40 (2008). Profiles my research on New Deal
Archaeology in Pennsylvania, with a focus on local workers. Also available on-line at:
http://www.somersetmagazine.com/
Grave Matters. Interview by Sarah McConnel, host of With Good Reason, Virginia Foundation
for the Humanities Radio Network, June 18, 2011, Charlottesville, Virginia. Archived on the web
at: http://withgoodreasonradio.org/2011/06/a-grave-show/
Schemmer, Clint, 2011, Scanning Pieces of the Past, by George. Free Lance-Star, September 27,
2011, pages D1-D2. Profiled the Virtual Curation Unit.
Lectures and Public Outreach:
Upper to Middle Paleolithic Transition. Lecture in ―Fossil Hominids,‖ Mary Marzke, professor,
Arizona State University, Fall 1989.
Sinagua Culture. Lecture in ―Southwestern Anthropology,‖ Keith Kintigh, professor, Arizona
State University, Tempe, Arizona, Spring 1990.
Archaeology around Meyersdale during the Depression, part of a public forum presented at the
Meyersdale (Pennsylvania) Public Library, June 15, 1995.
Prehistoric Habitation in the Vicinity of Meyersdale, Pennsylvania. Presentation to Greenhorne &
O‘Mara field personnel and to interested members of the community, Somerset, Pennsylvania,
June 18, 1996.
Archaeological Studies at the Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagara) and Other Travels in the Indian
Sub-Continent. Presented as part of the Friends of Alexandria Archaeology public lecture series,
at the Alexandria Archaeology Museum, May 1, 1999.
Archaeology in Black and White: the 1934 to 1940 Somerset County Relief Excavations.
Presented at The State Museum of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, September 28, 1999.
Nineteenth Century Ceramics: An Alexandria, Virginia, Perspective. Workshop lecture for the
―Ceramics for Archaeologists‖ Seminar Co-sponsored by Historic Kenmore and George
Washington's Ferry Farm and the Center for Historic Preservation at Mary Washington College,
Fredricksburg, Virginia, November 14, 1999. Barbara Magid was second co-author.
Depression-era Archaeology in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Lecture presented at the
Fifteenth Annual Workshops in Archaeology at The State Museum of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, November 20, 1999.
Digging During the Depression: New Deal Archaeology in Pennsylvania. Presented as part of the
Friends of Alexandria Archaeology public lecture series, at the Alexandria Archaeology Museum,
November 18, 2000.

Bernard K. Means
Digging During the Depression: New Deal Archaeology in Pennsylvania. Guest lecture October
2002 for Survey of American History I, Ann Denkler, assistant professor, Shenandoah University,
Winchester, Virginia.
The Monongahela Culture. Guest lecture April 2003 for ―Native North American Cultures,‖
Terilee Edwards-Hewit, instructor, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Shady Grove
campus, Shady Grove, Maryland.
Curation of Federally-owned Collections in Maryland. Presentation October 18, 2003 to multiple
tour groups attending the Archeological Society of Maryland‘s annual meeting, Maryland
Archaeological Conservation Laboratory, St. Leonard, Maryland.
The Once and Future Past: New Deal Archaeology in America. Invited speaker October 23, 2003,
Shenandoah University Historical and Cultural Tourism Center, Winchester, Virginia.
Vijayanagara: The Forgotten Empire. Invited speaker March 8, 2005 to the Upper James River
Chapter of the Archeological Society of Virginia, Lexington, Virginia.
Digging During the Depression: New Deal Archaeology. Invited speaker September 18, 2006 to
Washington and Lee University and to the Upper James River Chapter of the Archeological
Society of Virginia, Lexington, Virginia.
Virtual Exploration of Archaeology on Washington and Lee’s Colonnade. Presentation June 19,
2007 with student Elisa Turner for the R.E. Lee Brown Bag sessions at Washington and Lee
University, Lexington, Virginia.
New Deal Archaeology: Digging During the Depression in Somerset County, Pennsylvania (And
Beyond). Presentation July 26, 2007, at the Meyersdale Public Library, Meyersdale, Pennsylvania.
Historical Development and Archaeology of Washington and Lee University’s Colonnade. Tour
and presentation to the National Institute for Technology in Liberal Education Instructional
Technology Leaders Annual Meeting, April 14, 2008, Lexington, Virginia.
New Deal Archaeology: Digging During the Depression. Presentation to the Massanutten Chapter
of the Archeological Society of Virginia, June 4, 2008, Bridgewater, Virginia.
Shovel Ready: Digging During the Depression in Somerset County, Pennsylvania (And Beyond).
Presentation to the Westmoreland Chapter of the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology,
September 25, 2009, Unity Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.
New Deal Archaeology: Americans Dig During the Depression (1934-1940) in Somerset County,
Pa. (and Beyond). Presentation to the Allegheny Chapter of the Society for Pennsylvania
Archaeology, December 8, 2009, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Digging During America’s Darkest Days: Archeology during the Great Depression. Presentation
at Virginia Commonwealth University, November 12, 2010, Richmond, Virginia.
Archaeology and Roosevelt's New Deal for America: Work Relief Archaeology During the Great
Depression. Presentation at Virginia Commonwealth University, March 25, 2011, Richmond,
Virginia.

Bernard K. Means
Presentations:
East is East and West is West? Regional Comparison of Cult Belief Patterns. Paper presented at
the Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting, New Orleans, April 1986. Luanne
Hudson primary author and sole presenter.
Robin Hood and the Image of the English-Speaking Outlaw. Paper presented at the
Folklore/Mythology Section of the Southern California Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting,
California State University, San Bernadino, May 2, 1986.
Village and Empire: A South Indian Village in Historical and Archaeological Perspective. Paper
presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology Annual Meeting, Kingston, Jamaica, January
11, 1992.
Shadows of Empire: A Spatial Analysis of Text as Artifact in Medieval South India. Paper
presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri,
January 9, 1993.
Fortunes of Empire: The Spatial and Temporal Dimensions of Imperial Control in Medieval
South India. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Archaeology Section of the Virginia
Academy of Sciences, Norfolk, Virginia, May 20, 1993.
Depression-era Archaeology near Meyersdale, Pennsylvania. Paper presented at the annual
Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland, April 9, 1994.
The Martz Rock Shelters Revisited: 1938 and 1994 Field Seasons. Paper presented at the annual
Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland, April 9, 1995.
Monongahela Community and Settlement Patterns in the Vicinity of Meyersdale, Pennsylvania.
Paper presented at the annual Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland,
March 9, 1996.
Archaeological Past and Present: Re-examining Prehistoric Village Community Organization in
Somerset County, Pennsylvania, Using Field Records from 1930s Relief Excavations. Paper
presented at the Eastern States Archaeological Federation 63rd Annual Meeting, Huntington, West
Virginia, October 26, 1996.
10,000 Years of Settlement and Subsistence Change in the Vicinity of Meyersdale, Pennsylvania.
Paper presented at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland, March
8, 1997.
An Archaeology of Archaeology: Recent Investigations into the 1938 Martz Rock Shelters
Excavations. Paper presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology Annual Meeting, Atlanta,
Georgia, January 1998.
Monongahela Mortuary Practices: A View from Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Paper presented
at the Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, March 28, 1998.

Bernard K. Means
Data Recovery at 36SO244: Developing an Interpretative Framework to Investigate Prehistoric
Settlement Patterns in the Vicinity of Meyersdale, Pennsylvania. Primary co-author with
Benjamin R. Fischler and Danica Ziegler as secondary co-authors. Paper presented in session
entitled ―Prehistoric Settlement in the Casselman Valley: Phase III Investigations in Meyersdale‖
at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Cape May, New Jersey, April 3, 1998.
Sites on the Margins are Not Marginal Archaeology: Small, Upland Sites in the Vicinity of
Meyersdale, Pennsylvania. Paper presented in session entitled ―Heading for the Hills: What We
Can Learn When We Climb Out of the Floodplains‖ at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological
Conference, Cape May, New Jersey, April 5, 1998.
Monongahela Mortuary Practices in Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Observations and
Implications. Paper presented as part of the ―Monongahela Symposium‖ chaired by John Nass at
the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology Annual Meeting, New Cumberland, Pennsylvania,
April 25, 1998.
Toward a Model of Monongahela Village Community Organization: Interpreting Pit Feature Data
from 1934 to 1940 Somerset County Relief Excavations. Paper presented in the session entitled
―Making a Future for the Past: The Continuing Relevance of Old Collections, Collections
Management, and Archaeological Conservation,‖ organized and chaired by Bernard K. Means and
Lisa Young, Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 9, 1999.
Introductory Remarks. Paper presented in the session entitled ―Making a Future for the Past: The
Continuing Relevance of Old Collections, Collections Management, and Archaeological
Conservation,‖ organized and chaired by Bernard K. Means and Lisa Young, Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 9, 1999. Lisa Young was secondary
author and co-presenter.
Exhibiting Community Archaeology at the Lee Street Site. Presented as part of the Council of
Virginia Archaeologists Lecture Series symposium entitled ―Holding Alexandria's Past in Trust—
Cultivating the Community's Future,‖ at The Lyceum, Alexandria, Virginia, October 8, 1999.
Saving Pieces of the Past for the Future: Alexandria Archaeology Museum's Adopt-an-Artifact
Program. Paper presented at the annual Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology, St. Mary's
City, Maryland, October 24, 1999.
Reconstructing Late Prehistoric Mortuary Behavior in Southwestern Pennsylvania Using Field
Records from Depression-era Archaeological Investigations. Poster presented at the ―Human
Remains: Conservation, Retrieval, and Analysis‖ conference organized by the Departments of
Conservation and Archaeology at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia,
November 8, 1999.
Mapping a New Future for the Past: Further Insights into Depression-Era Archaeological
Excavations in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Paper presented in the session entitled
―Archaeological Collections and Conservation: Implementing Innovative Strategies for a New
Millennium,‖ organized by Bernard K. Means and Lisa Young and chaired by Bernard K. Means,
Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland, March 25, 2000.

Bernard K. Means
Archival Archaeology: Examining Late Prehistoric Village Community Organization Using Field
Data from the Somerset County Relief Excavations. Paper presented at the Society for American
Archaeology Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 8, 2000.
“...to reconstruct these houses of men who lived in a stone age”: Modeling Late Prehistoric
Monongahela Community Organization Using Data from the Somerset County Relief Excavations.
Paper presented in the symposium ―Early Late Prehistoric (A.D. 700-1300) Subsistence and
Settlement Change in the Northeast,‖ moderated by John Hart and Christina Rieth, at the New
York State Museum, Albany, April 28, 2000.
Circular Reasoning: Examining Late Prehistoric Village Community Patterns in the Upper Ohio
Valley. Paper presented at the Eastern States Archaeological Federation annual meeting,
Solomons, Maryland, November 3, 2000.
The Final Frontier: Space, Time, and Cosmology in Late Prehistoric Southwestern Pennsylvania.
Paper presented at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland, March
23, 2001.
My Three Sites: Revisiting “Three Archaeological Sites in Somerset County, Pennsylvania.” Paper
presented at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Virginia Beach, Virginia, March 15,
2002.
Deliver Me From Mononga-Hell: Thinking Beyond the Culture History Paradigm to Examine the
Temporal and Spatial Parameters of Somerset Monongahela Village Settlements. Paper presented
at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Virginia Beach, Virginia, March 15, 2003.
Time Enough at Last? Chronological Conundrums and the Monongahela of the Allegheny
Mountains Region. Paper presented at the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology annual meeting,
State College, Pennsylvania, May 10, 2003.
Late Woodland Village Life in the Allegheny Mountains: Temporal and Social Implications of
New Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Dates. Paper presented at Uplands Archaeology in the East
IX, Harrisonburg, Virginia, February 8, 2004.
Snapshots of the Past: Instances of Village Community Reorganization Captured in the
Archaeological Record. Paper presented at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference,
Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, March 13, 2004.
New Science Meets Old Archaeology: AMS Dating Of Curated Collections from the Somerset
County (Pa.) New Deal Excavations. Poster presented at the Society for American Archaeology
annual meeting, Montreal, Canada, April 2, 2004.
Communities in the Round: Anthropological Perspectives on Ring-Shaped Villages of the Recent
and Distant Past. Paper presented as part of the Cultural Studies Colloquium at Washington and
Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, March 3, 2005.
New Science Meets Old Archaeology: AMS Dating Of Curated Collections from the Somerset
County (Pa.) New Deal Excavations. Poster presented at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological
Conference annual meeting, Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, March 10 to 11, 2005.

Bernard K. Means
Monongahela Subsistence-Settlement Change? Junior author after John Hart and John Nass.
Paper presented at the Midwest Archaeological Conference, Dayton, Ohio, October 22, 2005.
More than Dots on the Landscape: Integrating Analyses of Monongahela Village Community
Patterns into Regional Settlement Systems in the Allegheny Mountains of Southwestern
Pennsylvania. Paper presented at the Eastern States Archaeological Federation annual meeting,
Williamsburg, Virginia, November 12, 2005.
Communities in the Round: Anthropological Perspectives on Ring-shaped Villages of the Recent
and Distant Past. Paper presented at the American Anthropological Association annual meeting,
Washington, D.C., November 30, 2005.
The Social Implications of a New Method for Estimating the Number of Residents Within
Monongahela Houses from Their Floor Areas. This paper was presented at the Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference in the session ―Archaeological Structures‖ organized by Dr. Clarence
Geier of James Madison University. Virginia Beach, Virginia, March 25, 2006.
The Lives and Times of New Deal Archaeologists in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, 1934 to
1940. Poster presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology annual meeting, Williamsburg,
Virginia, January 12, 2007.
On the Application of Circular Statistics to Grave Orientations: A Monongahela Example. Paper
was presented at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference in the session ―Mid-Atlantic
Mortuary Practices‖ organized by Richard Guercin and Joanna Wilson. Virginia Beach, Virginia,
March 16, 2007.
Why Pennsylvania 1607?: Reexamining the Massawomeck-Monongahela Connection. Junior
author with William C. Johnson as primary author. Paper presented at the Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference, Virginia Beach, Virginia, March 16, 2007.
Circular Villages of the Monongahela Tradition: Understanding Community Variability in the
Allegheny Mountains Region. Paper presented at the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology
annual meeting, Allentown, Pennsylvania, April 21, 2007.
Reexamining the Massawomeck-Monongahela Connection. Junior author with William C.
Johnson as primary author. Paper presented at the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology annual
meeting, Allentown, Pennsylvania, April 22, 2007.
Washington and Lee Archaeology. Invited speaker for the Virginia Department of Historic
Resources Academic Summit, organized by State Archaeologist Michael B. Barber, at the
Archaeological Society of Virginia annual meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 11, 2007.
The World Beyond Jamestown: Reexamining the Massawomeck-Monongahela Connection. Junior
author with William C. Johnson as primary author. Paper presented at the Archaeological Society
of Virginia annual meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 11, 2007.

Bernard K. Means
Circular Village Forms and Social Organization: An Analysis of Ancient Monongahela Tradition
Villages. Poster presented at the American Anthropological Association annual meeting,
Washington, D.C., November 28, 2007.
Introductory Remarks. Senior author with Lisa Young. Paper presented at the Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference in the session ―Preserve the Past and You Will Know the Future:
Conserving and Researching Archaeological Collections‖organized by Bernard K. Means and Lisa
Young, Ocean City, Maryland, March 1, 2008.
On a Highway to Heaven? Resurrecting a Forgotten Monongahela Village, the Phillips site.
Paper presented at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference in the session ―Preserve the
Past and You Will Know the Future: Conserving and Researching Archaeological
Collections‖organized by Bernard K. Means and Lisa Young, Ocean City, Maryland, March 1,
2008.
Memory within a University Landscape. Junior Author with Laura Galke. Paper presented at the
Southern Anthropological Society annual meeting, Staunton, Virginia, March 14, 2008.
Adventures in Archival Archaeology: Two Sites in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Paper presented
at the Upland Archaeology in the East Symposium X in the session ―The Woodland Period: Re-
Thinking Cultural Interaction in the Uplands‖ chaired by Bernard K. Means, Radford, Virginia,
May 16, 2008.
Late Woodland Archaeology in Northern Virginia. Paper presented at the Virginia State Plan
meeting–prehistoric archaeological resources, sponsored by the Council of Virginia
Archaeologists, Archeological Society of Virginia, and the Virginia Department of Historic
Resources, organized by Michael Barber and Dennis Pogue, and moderated by Michael Barber,
Martinsville, Virginia, October 9, 2008.
The Archaeology of the 20th Century: Excavating the Recent Past. Paper presented at the Virginia
State Plan meeting–historic archaeological resources, sponsored by the Council of Virginia
Archaeologists, Archeological Society of Virginia, and the Virginia Department of Historic
Resources, organized by Michael Barber and Dennis Pogue, and moderated by Dennis Pogue,
Martinsville, Virginia, October 9, 2008.
We Found a Few Thrills on Mulberry Hill: Archaeological Excavations at the
Mulberry Hill Plantation, Lexington, Virginia. Senior author with Laura J. Galke as secondary
author. Paper presented at the Archeological Society of Virginia annual meeting, Martinsville,
Virginia, October 11, 2008.
Introductory Remarks. Paper presented in the session ―Time, Space, and Society in the Eastern
Woodlands,‖ organized by Bernard K. Means, at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference,
Ocean City, Maryland, March 21, 2009.
A Tale of Two Villages: Comparing Fort Ancient and Monongahela Tradition Communities.
Paper presented in the session ―Time, Space, and Society in the Eastern Woodlands,‖ organized by
Bernard K. Means, at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland,
March 21, 2009.

Bernard K. Means
Village Peoples: Monongahela and Fort Ancient Communities of the Middle and Upper Ohio
River Valley 11th to 17th Centuries A.D. Poster presented in the session "Reconsidering the
Monongahela: New Viewpoints on the Archaeology of Western Pennsylvania," organized by
Sarah Neusius and Beverly Chiarulli, at the 74th annual meeting of the Society for American
Archaeology, Atlanta, Georgia, April 24, 2009.
Reexaming the Massawomeck-Monongahela Connection. Junior author with William C. Johnson.
Poster presented in the session "Reconsidering the Monongahela: New Viewpoints on the
Archaeology of Western Pennsylvania," organized by Sarah Neusius and Beverly Chiarulli, at the
74th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Atlanta, Georgia, April 24, 2009.
In Defense of James Pendergast: The Massawomeck-Monongahela-Antouhonoron Connection.
Junior author with William C. Johnson. Presented at the Iroquois Research Conference, The
Rensselaerville Institute, Rensselaerville, New York, October 2-4, 2009.
Speed Dating: Constructing Chronologies from Curated Collections for Virginia's Late
Woodland. Senior author with Justine McKnight. Presented at the annual meeting of the
Archeological Society of Virginia, Fredericksburg, Virginia, October 10, 2009.
Ready for the Dance? Dating Monongahela Tradition Sites in the Lower Upper Ohio Valley.
Senior author with William C. Johnson. Presented in the ―Monongahela Symposium,‖ organized
by Jason Espino, at the 76 th annual meeting of the Eastern States Archaeological Federation,
Johnstown, Pennsylvania, November 7, 2009.
How "Forgotten Men" Unearthed Pennsylvania's Past: A Retrospective on the 75th Anniversary
of WPA Archaeology. Paper presented at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean
City, Maryland, March 20, 2010.
Early Salvage Archaeology in Western Pennsylvania. Paper presented at the annual meeting of
the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology, Greensburg, Pennsylvania, April 10, 2010.
Digging During America's Darkest Days: Roosevelt's New Deal and American Archaeology.
Featured speaker at the annual meeting of the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology, Greensburg,
Pennsylvania, April 10, 2010.
Brother, Can You Spare a Dime… for Archaeology? The New Deal and American Archaeology.
Paper presented as part of the ―Biennial Gordon Willey Symposium on the History of
Archaeology: Shovel Ready: Archaeology & Roosevelt‘s New Deal for America,‖ chaired and
organized by Bernard K. Means. A featured session at the 75 th annual meeting of the Society for
American Archaeology, St. Louis, Missouri, April 15, 2010.

Bernard K. Means
The Legacy of Roosevelt's New Deal for American Archaeology. Featured speaker at the Annual
Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education Anthropology Undergraduate Conference,
California, Pennsylvania, April 24, 2010.
The Great Depression and Archaeology During the New Deal in the Eastern U.S. Paper presented
in the session ―A New Deal for Eastern U.S. Archaeology,‖ organized by Bernard K. Means, at
the joint Archeological Society of Virginia and Eastern States Archeological Federation annual
meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 30, 2010.
Won't Someone Please Think of the Children? The National Youth Administration and
Archaeology in Pennsylvania During the New Deal. Senior author with Matt Harris. Paper
presented in the session ―A New Deal for Eastern U.S. Archaeology,‖ organized by Bernard K.
Means, at the joint Archeological Society of Virginia and Eastern States Archeological Federation
annual meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 30, 2010.
Archaeological Site Monitoring, A Case Study from Northern Virginia. Junior author. Authors
listed as Mackenzie Caldwell Rohm, Dennis Knepper, Bernard K. Means, Chris Bowen, and Brian
Crane. Paper presented at the joint Archeological Society of Virginia and Eastern States
Archeological Federation annual meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 29, 2010.
Dark Days for America: Bright Days for American Archaeology? Historical Archaeology in
Pennsylvania During the Great Depression. Senior author with Janet Johnson. Paper presented in
the session ―New Deal = Old Stuff; Challenges in Preserving the CCC Legacy,‖ organized by
Diane C. Dismukes and Ruth A. Mathews, at the Society for Historical Archaeology annual
meeting, Austin, Texas, January 7, 2011.
Tales of the Unexpected: American Indian Response to the "Little Ice Age" in the Rugged
Allegheny Mountains of Southwestern Pennsylvania. Paper presented in the session ― Climate
Change Implications for Transportation Systems and Archaeological Sites in Transportation
Corridors,‖ organized by David S. Clarke and Ileana Ivanciu, at the 90 th annual meeting of the
Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., January 26, 2011.
MAAC’s First Town Hall Meeting – Archaeological Collections: A Call to Action. Organized by
the Council of Virginia Archaeologists Collections Committee. Member and participant. Middle
Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland, March 18, 2011.
Climate Change, Cultural Variability, and Archaeology: Past, Present, and Future. Paper
presented in the session ―Climate Change, Cultural Variability, and Archaeology: Past, Present,
and Future, ‖ chaired by Bernard K. Means and David Clarke, at the Middle Atlantic
Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland, March 19, 2011.

Bernard K. Means
Harsh Reality: American Indians Respond to the “Little Ice Age” in the Rugged Allegheny
Mountains of Southwestern Pennsylvania. Paper presented in the session ―Climate Change,
Cultural Variability, and Archaeology: Past, Present, and Future, ‖ chaired by Bernard K. Means
and David Clarke, at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland,
March 19, 2011.
Discussant. Paper presented in the session ―Archaeology‘s Recent Past: Archaeology of the 20th
Century,‖ chaired by Richard Guercin, at the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean
City, Maryland, March 19, 2011.
The Future Meets the Past: Digital Mapping of New Deal Archaeology Projects Across the Lower
48 States. Poster presented in the session ―Archaeology and the New Deal: How Roosevelt's
'Alphabet Soup' Programs Continue to Influence Modern Archaeology,‖ organized and chaired by
Bernard K. Means, at the Society for American Archaeology annual meeting, Sacramento,
California, March 31, 2011.
Fellowships and Awards:
―Virtual Artifact Curation - Three-Dimensional Digital Data Collection for Artifact Analysis and
Interpretation,‖ Department of Defense Legacy Program, April 2011. Developed by John Haynes,
Marine Corps Base Quantico, and Dr. Bernard K. Means, Virginia Commonwealth University.
J. Alden Mason Award for professional service to the aims of the Society for Pennsylvania
Archaeology, April 2010, from the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology.
Threatened Sites Grant, May 2009, to obtain 10 accelerator mass spectrometry dates from curated
archaeological collections associated with Late Woodland sites in the Potomac Valley. For the
grant, partnered with Justine McKnight, archaeobotanist.
Council of Virginia Archaeologists research grant, October 2008, to update a radiocarbon assays
database for sites in Virginia created by Keith Egloff of the Virginia Department of Historic
Resources, to create a Web-based version of this radiocarbon database, to assess which assays may
be problematic, and to identify suitable samples from curated collections for a potential future
dating project.
Society for American Archaeology dissertation award, nomination, October 2007.
Pennsylvania Archaeological Council award in summer 2007 to obtain accelerator mass
spectrometry dates from the Phillips site, an American Indian village excavated in 1941 and
curated at The State Museum of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg.

Bernard K. Means
Class of ‗65 Endowment for Excellence in Teaching, Washington and Lee University, Lexington,
Virginia, for 2007-2008 academic year. Funding obtained to significantly expand replica
osteological reproductions of extinct and living hominins and non-human primates for teaching
purposes.
R.E. Lee Research Grant, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, for Summer 2007.
Funding obtained to support research with student Elisa Turner on project entitled ―Virtual
Exploration of Archaeology on Washington and Lee's Colonnade.‖
John Glenn Grant, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, for Summer 2007.
Funding secured to support research into ―The Lives and Times of New Deal Archaeologists in
Somerset County, Pennsylvania,‖ drawing on archival materials and archaeological collections at
The State Museum of Pennsylvania.
Glenn Grant Publication Fund, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, February
2007. Funding secured to have a professional indexer prepare the index for Circular Villages of
the Monongahela Tradition book published by The University of Alabama Press.
Dean of the College Mini-grant, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, December
2006. Maximum funding secured to obtain replica fossil primate skulls for teaching purposes,
including Proconsul africanus, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, and Homo floresiensis.
Student Engagement Grant, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, Spring
2006.
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, effective September 1, 2002 to August 31, 2004,
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Grant title ―Doctoral Dissertation Improvement
Grant: Modeling Somerset Monongahela Village Organization Within a Chronological
Framework Developed Through AMS Dating of Curated Organic Remains.‖
Scholar-in-Residence, 1999, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg.
Project entitled: ―The Somerset County Relief Excavations: The Continuing Research Potential of
Archaeological Holdings in The State Museum of Pennsylvania.‖
Research Fellow, 1988 and 1991, American Institute of Indian Studies, New Delhi, India.
Best Student Paper, Archaeology Section of the Virginia Academy of Sciences, Norfolk, Virginia,
May 1993
1991 Volunteer of the Year, Office of Professional Services, National Park Service, National
Capital Region, for work at Manassas National Battlefield Park.

Professional Affiliations:
Bernard K. Means
Society for American Archaeology
Society for Historical Archaeology
Register of Professional Archaeologists
Eastern States Archaeological Federation
Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference
Southeastern Archaeological Conference
Archeological Society of Virginia
Council of Virginia Archaeologists
Preservation Virginia
Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology
Pennsylvania Archaeological Council
West Virginia Archaeological Society
Archeological Society of Maryland

Bernard K. Means
Cultural Resource Management and Other Technical Reports:
Bodor, Tom and Bernard K. Means
1997a Upgrade Alternative. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the
U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania:
Volume II: Phase I Archaeological Investigations along the Eastern and Upgrade Alternatives
and in the Northern and Southern Termini of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared
by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, District 9.
1997b Southern Terminus. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S.
219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania:
Volume II: Phase I Archaeological Investigations along the Eastern and Upgrade Alternatives
and in the Northern and Southern Termini of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared
by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, District 9.
Boyd, Varna G., Kathleen A. Furgerson, Bernard K. Means, Simon J. Lewthwaite, Frank J. Vento,
Jennifer A. Sparenberg, Carey A. O‘Reilly, and James R. Long
1998c Archaeological Data Recovery Site 36SO113: U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R.
6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. E.R. No. 92-0237-111. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O‘Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Boyd, Varna G., Simon J. Lewthwaite, Kathleen A. Furgerson, Bernard K. Means, Jennifer A.
Sparenberg, Frank J. Vento, and Carey A. O‘Reilly
1998a Archaeological Data Recovery Site 36SO62: U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R.
6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. E.R. No. 92-0237-111. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O‘Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Boyd, Varna, Jennifer Sparenberg, Christopher Bergman, Bernard K. Means, Frank Vento,
Kathleen Furgerson, Simon Lewthwaite, and Carey O'Reilly
1998b Archaeological Data Recovery Site 36SO106: U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R.
6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. E.R. No. 92-0237-111. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O‘Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Fischler, Benjamin and Bernard K. Means
1994a Washington National Airport Middle/North Parking Structure - Phase I Grading
Archeological Testing: Management Summary. Prepared for Washington Metropolitan
Airports Authority.
30

Bernard K. Means
1994b Summary of Phase I Results and Workplan For Additional Phase I Archaeological Deep
Testing and Phase II Investigations. E.R. 92-0237-111-M. Submitted March 10, 1994 by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1995a Phase II Investigations at Site 36 SO 116: Interim Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-
111-GG. Submitted January 16, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
1995b Additional Phase I Investigations within Northern Field W-A: Interim Summary of
Results. E.R.# 92-0237-111-II. Submitted February 2, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1995c Phase II Investigations of Sites 36 SO 51 and 36 SO 220: Interim Summary of Results.
E.R.# 92-0237-111-JJ. Submitted February 24, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1995d Addendum to Phase II Investigations of Sites 36 SO 51 and 36 SO 220: Interim
Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-111-SS. Submitted September 28, 1995 by Greenhorne &
O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1995e Phase II Investigations of Site 36 SO 97: Interim Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-
111-ZZ. Submitted October 13, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
1995f Phase II Investigations of Sites within Fields W-H and W-I (36 SO 50, 36 SO 63, 36 SO
114, and 36 SO 115): Interim Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-111-YY. Submitted October
13, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998a Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 116. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume III: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick
Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
31

Bernard K. Means
1998b Phase I Investigations within Field W-B. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume III]: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick
Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998c Introduction to Volume IV. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for
the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County,
Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western
Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern Crossing of
the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
1998d Phase I Investigations within Field W-E. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern
Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998e Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 220. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern
Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998f Phase I Investigations within Field W-F. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern
Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
32

Bernard K. Means
1998g Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 51. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern
Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998h Phase III (Data Recovery) Workplan for 36 SO 51 and 36 SO 220. In Phase I and
Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219,
Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological
Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick
Creek to the Northern Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne &
O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998i Phase I Investigations within Field W-G. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern
Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998j Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 97. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern
Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, District 9, and submitted to the Bureau of Historic
Preservation,.
1998k Phase I and II Investigations at Field W-H and W-I. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations
along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Casselman River to
the Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
33

Bernard K. Means
1998l Phase I Investigations at Field W-J. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Casselman River to the
Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998m Phase II Controlled Surface Collection and Site Definition in Field W-J. In Phase I
and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R.
6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological
Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the
Casselman River to the Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek.
Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998n Phase II Investigations of 36 SO 240. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Casselman River to the
Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998o Phase II Investigations of 36 SO 227. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to Field W-L.
Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998p Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 243. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to Field W-L.
Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
34

Bernard K. Means
1998q Interpretative Summary of the Historic Archaeological Resources in the Meyersdale
Project Area. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219
Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume
VII: Interpretations and Special Analyses Prepared for Phase I and II Archaeological
Investigations of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara,
Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Fischler, Benjamin R. and Bernard K. Means, compilers and editors
1998a Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass
Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume III: Phase I and II
Archaeological Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne &
O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998b Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I
and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared
by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Fischler, Benjamin R., Bernard K. Means, and Gary F. Coppock
1998 Phase I investigations within Field W-A. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume III: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick
Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
Fischler, Benjamin R., Bernard K. Means, Antonio V. Segovia, and Daniel P. Wagner
1998 Geomorphology, Soils, and Buried Archaeological Resources. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VII: Interpretations and Special Analyses
Prepared for Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass.
Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
35

Bernard K. Means
Fischler, Benjamin R., Bernard K. Means, and Jennifer Sparenberg
1995 Phase II Investigations at Site 36 SO 106: Interim Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-
111-LL. Submitted May 5, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation to the Bureau of Historic Preservation.
1998 Phase I Investigations within Field W-L and Phase II Investigations of 36 SO 106. In
Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass
Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II
Archaeological Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to Field W-L. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Fischler, Benjamin R., Bernard K. Means, and Danica Zieglar
1996 Phase II Investigations of Site 36 SO 219: Interim Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-
111-PPP. Submitted March 1, 1996 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
Furgerson, Kathleen, Varna Boyd, Bernard K. Means, Frank Vento, Jennifer Sparenberg, Carey
O'Reilly, and Simon Lewthwaite
1998 Archaeological Data Recovery Site 36SO223: U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R.
6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. E.R. No. 92-0237-111. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O‘Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Galke, Laura and Bernard Means
2008a Final Report on the Phase II Archaeological Test Excavations of the Union Hall Site,
44RB489B. Report on file in Special Collections, Leyburn Library, and at the Anthropology
Laboratory, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, and the Virginia Department
of Historic Resources, Richmond.
2008b Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations of Mulberry Hill, 44RB510, Lexington,
Virginia. Report on file in Special Collections, Leyburn Library, and at the Anthropology
Laboratory, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, and the Virginia Department
of Historic Resources, Richmond.
Means, Bernard
1990 Historic Artifacts. In Testing Along the AT&T Fiber Optic Route from Tucumcari to
Albuquerque, NM, by Dan Landis with a contribution from Bernard K. Means. Soil Systems
Technical Reports 89-23.
36

Bernard K. Means
1992 Formal Tools. In The Archaeology of Spur Cross Ranch, Cave Creek, Arizona, edited by
C. Redman and P. Minnis, pp. 106-111. Anthropological Field Studies Number 23. Office of
Cultural Resource Management, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University,
Tempe.
1994 Plan for Treatment of Human Remains. E.R.# 92-0237-111-EE. Submitted December
21, 1994 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1995a Cultural Setting and Previous Investigations: Draft of Section for Phase I/II Report for
the Meyersdale Bypass Project. Report prepared for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1995b Site Locational Model: Draft of Section for Phase I/II Report for the Meyersdale Bypass
Project. Report prepared for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1995c Phase II Investigations at Sites 36 SO 14 and 36 SO 223: Interim Summary of Results.
S.R. 6219, Section BO8, Western Alternative. Report prepared for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
1995d Addendum to Phase II Investigations at Sites 36 SO 14 and 36 SO 223: Interim
Summary of Results. S.R. 6219, Section BO8, Western Alternative. Report prepared for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998a Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass
Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume I: Project History
and Overview, Methodological Approaches, and Natural and Cultural Context. Report
prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998b Introduction to Volume II. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for
the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County,
Pennsylvania: Volume II: Phase I Archaeological Investigations along the Eastern and
Upgrade Alternatives and in the Northern and Southern Termini of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
37

Bernard K. Means
1998c Eastern Alternative. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S.
219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania:
Volume II: Phase I Archaeological Investigations along the Eastern and Upgrade Alternatives
and in the Northern and Southern Termini of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared
by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998d Northern Terminus. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S.
219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania:
Volume II: Phase I Archaeological Investigations along the Eastern and Upgrade Alternatives
and in the Northern and Southern Termini of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared
by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998e Phase I Investigations along the Western Alternative from Hunsrick Summit to Existing
U.S. 219 at the IGA Grocery. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the
U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania:
Volume III: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western Alternative of the
U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998f Phase I Investigations along the Western Alternative from North of Field W-B to
Elklick Creek. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219
Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume
III: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219
Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998g Phase III (Data Recovery) Workplan for 36 SO 241. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations
along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the
Northern Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
38

Bernard K. Means
1998h Introduction to Volume V. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for
the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County,
Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western
Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Casselman River to the Vicinity of the
Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne &
O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998i Phase III (Data Recovery) Workplan for 36 SO 62. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations
along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Casselman River to
the Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998j Phase III (Data Recovery) Workplan for 36 SO 113. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations
along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Casselman River to
the Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998k Introduction to Volume VI. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for
the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County,
Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western
Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to Field W-L. Report
prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998l 1994 Phase I and Phase II Investigations at the Martz Rock Shelters. In Phase I and
Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219,
Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological
Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick
Creek to Field W-L. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
39

Bernard K. Means
1998m Martz Rock Shelter (36 SO 14): 1995 Phase II Investigations. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations
along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to
Field W-L. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998n Phase III (Data Recovery) Workplan for 36 SO 223. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations
along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to
Field W-L. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998o Phase III (Data Recovery) Workplan for 36 SO 106. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations
along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to
Field W-L. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998p Introduction to Volume VII. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for
the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County,
Pennsylvania: Volume VII: Interpretations and Special Analyses Prepared for Phase I and II
Archaeological Investigations of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998q Interpretative Summary of the Prehistoric Occupation in the Meyersdale Project Area.
In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass
Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VII: Interpretations
and Special Analyses Prepared for Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations of the U.S. 219
Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
40

Bernard K. Means
1998r Cultural Relations Beyond the Meyersdale Project Area. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VII: Interpretations and Special Analyses
Prepared for Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass.
Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998s Evaluating the Meyersdale Project Area Site Locational Model. In Phase I and Phase
II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219,
Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VII: Interpretations and Special
Analyses Prepared for Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
Means, Bernard K., compiler and editor
1998a Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass
Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume II: Phase I
Archaeological Investigations along the Eastern and Upgrade Alternatives and in the Northern
and Southern Termini of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared by Greenhorne &
O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998b Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I
and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass from the Casselman River to the Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and
Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
1998c Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I
and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to Field W-L. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998d Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VIII:
Appendices for Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale
Bypass. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
41

Bernard K. Means
Means, Bernard K. and Tom Bodor
1996 Management Summary Phase I Archeological Investigations, S.R. 0032, Section 78S:
Bridge Replacement Over Paunacussing Creek, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Report prepared
by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Means, Bernard K. and Carolyn Gates
1998 Projectile Point Analysis. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the
U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania:
Volume VII: Interpretations and Special Analyses Prepared for Phase I and II Archaeological
Investigations of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara,
Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Means, Bernard K. and Benjamin R. Fischler
1994 Addendum to the Summary of Phase I Results and Workplan For Additional Phase I
Archaeological Deep Testing and Phase II Investigations. E.R.# 92-0237-111-S. Submitted
May 16, 1994 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1995a Phase II Investigations of Site 36 SO 113: Interim Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-
111-OO. Submitted July 24, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
1995b Phase II Investigations of Site 36 SO 241: Interim Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-
111-AAA. Submitted October 13, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
1995c Phase II Investigations of Site 36 SO 244: Interim Summary of Results. E.R.# 92-0237-
111-JJJ. Submitted December 8, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
1998a Introduction to Volume III. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for
the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County,
Pennsylvania: Volume III: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western
Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick Creek.
Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998b Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 244. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
42

Bernard K. Means
County, Pennsylvania: Volume III: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick
Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998c Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 241. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume IV: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Elklick Creek to the Northern
Crossing of the Casselman River. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998d Phase I and II Investigations at 36 SO 113. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Casselman River to the
Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998e Phase I Investigations in Field E-S and Field W-P. In Phase I and Phase II
Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section
B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations
along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to
Field W-L. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
1998f Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 242. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume VI: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from Blue Lick Creek to Field W-L.
Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
43

Bernard K. Means
Means, Bernard K., and Benjamin R. Fischler, compilers and editors
1998 Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass
Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume VII: Interpretations
and Special Analyses Prepared for Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations of the U.S. 219
Meyersdale Bypass. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation.
Means, Bernard K., Benjamin R. Fischler, and Varna G. Boyd
1995 Phase II Investigations of Sites 36 SO 62 and 36 SO 240: Interim Summary of Results.
E.R.# 92-0237-111-NN. Submitted July 24, 1995 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
1998 Phase II Field Investigations at 36 SO 62. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Casselman River to the
Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek. Report prepared by
Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Means, Bernard K., Benjamin R. Fischler, and Danica Ziegler, with a Contribution by Leslie
Raymer and Mary Theresa Bonhange-Freund
1998 Archaeological Data Recovery, 36SO244: U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R.
6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume V: Phase I and II Archaeological
Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the
Casselman River to the Vicinity of the Confluence of the Casselman River and Blue Lick Creek.
E.R. No. 92-0237-111. Prepared for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation District
9-0 by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc.
Means, Bernard K. and Justine McKnight
2009 VDHR Threatened Sites Project Final Report: Constructing Chronologies from Curated
Collections for Northern Virginia's Late Woodland Period. Prepared for the Virginia
Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, Virginia.
44

Bernard K. Means
Zieglar, Danica L., Susannah L. Dean, Benjamin R. Fischler, Bernard K. Means, Sherri Marsh,
and David Berg
1998 Phase II Investigations at 36 SO 219. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological
Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset
County, Pennsylvania: Volume III: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the
Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick
Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. for the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation.
45