JTfM Vol 1 No 1 2008 - ONLINE EDITION - Inclusionality Research

Superchannel—Inside and Beyond Superstring
Hadrons are composed of quarks and gluons. Their interaction is described by Quan
tum Chromo Dynamics, the theory of the strong force. Hadrons form more complex
systems, in particular atomic. Under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature
hadrons may lose their identity and dissolve into a new state of matter similar to the
primordial matter of the early Universe. (Project “Study of Strongly Interacting
Matter (acronym: HadronPhysics) of European Research Infrastructures (RI))
Specifically string theory started as the study of particles that carry the fundamental forces of
physics such as photon, electromagnetic, strong, W and Z forces called electroweak forces
and so on. The force-carrying particles are called bosons. Its name as of that time was Bosonic
String Theory. But this theory had problems. According to [Leonard Susskind, PHYS-
ICS WORLD, Superstrings]
“One of the spectacular discoveries made in this early period was that the mathematic
cal infinities that occur in quantum field theory are completely absent in string theory.
However, from the very beginning there were big problems in interpreting hadrons as
strings. For example, the earliest version of the theory could only accommodate bos
ons, whereas many hadrons - including the proton and neutron - are fermions”
Fermions are the fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons. They also include protons
and neutrons which are made of quarks. The fermionic version of string theory turns out
to be interesting. This is because “they turned out to have a surprising symmetry called supersymmetry
that is now totally pervasive in high-energy physics. In supersymmetric theories
all bosons have a fermionic superpartner and vice versa” [Susskind]
But why should there be bosonic and fermionic string theories at all? Indeed why are
they so crucial to the launching of the string project? For the string of string theory to perform
its duty of unifying physics forces of Nature, it must speak the language of the force
particle which is boson and that of the elementary particle which is fermion. There is a problem
here. Boson particle which is force is not like fermion particle which is the elementary
particle. In other words, proton and neutron which are fermions are not the same as the
strong force, which holds them together in the nucleus while electron is circling around
them. In the search for physics theory of everything, the demand is that the idea or concept
that has to perform the feat should speak the language of boson and fermion.
It is a tough demand. It is because the point of quantum mechanics has to be transformed
to behave like a line. In other words fermion and boson must speak a language that
both of them understand for string to perform its duty of TOE (Theory of Everything) of
physics.
In Euclidean Geometry which is at the foundations of atomic theory, a point is not a
line. This translated into the language of physics means that a fermion is not a boson. For the
string to speak the language of point and line, that is fermion and boson, it must be a line and
a point which would mean that fermion and boson must share a relationship that is beyond
quantum interconnection. To do this would require that the atomic point-like outlook on
which the whole of physics was originally built be thrown overboard. If this is done, then the
whole of mathematics has to be revolutionized because there is no language like that in either
classical or modern mathematics in which a point is a line.
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Journal of Transfigural Mathematics Vol.1 No.1.2008