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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Volume 3, No 1, 2012 

© Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0 

Research article ISSN 0976 – 4402 

A species checklist of family Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) along with 

keys to its subfamilies, genera & subgenera from India 

Saini M.S, Rathor Vikram S 

Department of Zoology & Environment Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002 

vikramrathor1412@gmail.com 

doi:10.6088/ijes.2012030131015 

ABSTRACT 

A species checklist of family Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) along with keys to its taxa 

above species level is provided. This is an up-to-date taxonomic statistics of family Halictidae 

from Indian faunistic limits. This work has been carried out keeping in view many major 

shuffling in the taxonomic statistics of Indian Halictidae after Bingham (1897). At present this 

family is represented by 4 subfamilies, 27 genera covering 194 valid species from India. 

Keywords: Pollination ecology, vegetation germplasm, conservation, anthophilic insects, 

Halictidae, checklist, identification keys. 

1. Introduction 

Halictid bees, sometime also called as sweatbees, play a vital role in the pollination ecology of 

a region. By having a wide range of adaptational capabilities, these inhabit all kind of 

ecological niches both in tropical and temperate regions. In number and kind these anthophilic 

insects surpass all other bees and thus are mainly responsible for conserving the vegetation 

germplasm by pollinating a bewildering variety of wild and cultivated entomophilic flora. So 

before any aspect of their life such as behavior, life history, distribution, phylogeny, 

morphology, ecology etc. etc. is studied, it is prerequisite to prepare a checklist of their 

diversity of a particular region. 

This paper covers the Halictine fauna so far recorded from India. The work is based on the 

literature for which Blüthgen’s Indo Malayan work (1925,1926,1927,1928a,1931), Ebmer’s 

revisionary works (1974,1978,1980,1983,1988,1998,2004,2008), Pauly’s Atlas Hymenoptera 

online (2012) & Asher’s World Checklist of Hymenoptera online (2012) deserve special 

mention. But as per Indian subregion is concerned these online sources does not contain a 

complete list of references and many species from Bluthgen, Pesenko, Ebmer, Sakagami, 

Murao, Taduachi, Pauly, Baker and others recent work on Palaearctic & Oriental fauna are 

missing. Online catalogue for bees of Indian region by Gupta (2005) is certainly incomplete as 

it has not mentioned many species of family Halictidae reported from India by recent workers. 

Present work provides the recent taxonomic statistics of Indian region of family Halictidae 

along with the list of synonymied species if any. Since after the compilation of “Fauna of 

British India” (Bingham, 1897) no such attempt had been made, so after a gap centuary or so 

it becomes imperative to purvey latest fostered classification & taxonomic status of species. It 

is almost incontrovertible that during such a long spell many new genera, subgenera and 

species have been described and various already existing one got synonymised. 

Referring the species to their exact type localities turned out to be a most laborious job. Due 

to very scattered and insufficient information, no uniform pattern could be evolved. The 

Received on May 2012 Published on July 2012 134

A species checklist of family Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) along with keys to its subfamilies, genera & 

subgenera from India 

species are simply referred to the state in which their type localities fall though in some cases 

areas are mentioned after state in parenthesis. If exact type locality does not exist in literature 

as well as in Holotype’s label then very vague terms such as N.W. India, N. India, N. E. India, 

W. India, W. Ghats and even India are used. Subsequent locality records rather than type 

localities have been provided from recent literature and online sources mentioned above. 

2. Systematic Position 

Order 

Suborder 

Superfamily 

Family 

Hymenoptera 

Apocrita 

Apoidea 

Halictidae 

The Halictidae are short-tongued bees with one subantennal suture, a pointed glossa and a 

strongly curved basal vein in the forewing. This is the largest family of short-tongued bees in 

the Indian Region distributed in all the zones. It accounts for about one-third of all the 

Oriental bee species, and this family is possibly the most abundant as many of its species 

occur in large numbers. Because of their extensive range of adaptation to different climatic 

conditions the halictine bees are the major pollinators of wide range of flowering plants.It 

contains four subfamilies namely Rophitinae, Nomiinae, Halictinae and Nomioidinae all over 

the world. From India it is represented by all the four subfamilies, 27 genera covering 194 

species. 

Key to the Subfamilies of the Indian Halictidae 

1. Antennae usually arising below midlength of eyes and antennal sockets separated from 

upper clypeal margin by little (if any) more than diameter of socket ; apex of labrum of 

female truncate or rounded, not produced to a process;hind basitarsus of female usually 

with apical angle or process but always without penicillus; trochanteral and femoral 

scopa reduced, longest hair ordinarily shorter than those of tibial scopa..........Rophitinae 

— Antenna usually arising near midlength of eyes, or, if below that level, then it is separated 

from upper clypeal margin by much more than diameter of antennal socket; apex of 

labrum of female, except in some cleptoparasitic forms, produced to a process 

commonly bearing a strong keel; hind basitarsus of female, except in some parasitic 

forms, with apical process bearing penicillus; trochanteral and femoral scopa well 

developed except in parasitic forms, longest hair ordinarily longer than those of tibial 

scopa and forming femoral corbicula [but femoral scopa poorly developed in some 

Lipotriches(Nomiinae)]…………….. ……...… ………………………………....…......2 

2. Episternal groove below scrobal groove absent or a weak depression, sometimes directed 

strongly forward; when there are three submarginal cells, third usually about as long as 

first, or,if shorter, then usually twice as long as second (apex of marginal cell rather 

broadly rounded, prepygidial fimbria of female not divided medially; S7 of male a 

transverse plate with short apodemal arms and no midapical projection)……..Nomiinae. 

— Episternal groove distinct and directed strongly downward below scrobal groove; when 

there are three submarginal cells, third is shorter than first and less than twice as long as 

second ……......................................................................................................................3 

Saini. M.S, Rathor Vikram S 

International Journal of Environmental Sciences Volume 3 No.1, 2012 

135



3. Apex of marginal cell pointed or minutely truncate; prepygidial fimbria of female divided 

by longitudinal median zone or triangle of very fine, dense hair and punctation or 

sometimes nearly bare integument, the fimbria and its median zone absent in some 

cleptoparasitic forms; S7 of male consisting of a small discal region, long basolateral 

apodemes, and usually a midapical angle or process; S8 of male broader than long, 

variable in shape …….......................................................................................Halictinae. 

— Apex of marginal cell rounded or truncate; prepygidial fimbria of female not divided 

medially; S7 of male a broad and little modified sternum; S8 of male longer than broad, 

with broad spiculum and often long apical process…….............................Nomioidinae. 

2.1. Subfamily Rophitinae 

In Rophitinae the antennal sockets are well below the midlength of eyes and somewhat closer 

to the upper clypeal margin. The apex of labrum of the female is rounded or sometime 

truncate & hind basitarsus without penicillus. This subfamily consists of 16 genera from the 

world which include: Ceblurgus, Conanthalictus, Dufourea, Goeletapis, Micralictoides, 

Morawitzella, Morawitzia, Penapis, Protodufourea, Rophites, Sphecodosoma, Systropha, 

Xeralictus, Flafodufourea, Rhophitoides, and Trilia. The majority of rophitine species occur 

in the Holarctic Region, whereas a few species inhabit Afrotropical, Oriental, and Neotropical 

regions as well. This subfamily is represented by only 2 genera i.e. Dufourea and Systropha 

& 4 species from India. 

2.1.1. Key to the Indian Genera of the Rophitinae 

1. Flagellum of male with first six segments more or less normal, remaining ones abruptly 

more slender than preceding segments, tightly curled, and sometimes reduced in 

number; metasoma of both sexes, at least laterally, with abundant, long, more or less 

erect hair; S8 of male with apical process very broad, projecting, thus suggesting in 

undissected specimens an eighth tergum (forewing with three submarginal cells) 

………………………………………………………………….……….Systropha Illiger. 

— Flagellum of male not so modified; metasoma without abundant long hair; S8 of male with 

apical process slender, capitate, often projecting but not suggesting a tergal plate (Male 

without pygidial plate, or sometimes with shiny bare area but this area not defined by 

carinae and not elevated; base of S8 of male deeply bilobed ; labial palpus with first 

two segments, or at least second, slender and similar in width to third and fourth 

segments (metasomal hair bands absent or sparse, integument thus visible through 

bands of hair) …................................................................................ Dufourea Lepeletier. 

Genus Dufourea Lepeletier, 1841 

Dufourea is a Holarctic genus of the Rophitinae. It consists of andreniform bees 3.5 to 11.0 

mm long, either nonmetallic black or dull greenish or bluish metallic, sometimes with the 

metasoma red. Metasomal pale hair bands are weak or absent.This genus is represented by the 

following three species from India. 

Dufourea gkuruensis 

Rophites gkuruensis (Warncke, 1979) 

Dufourea kashmirensis 

Ladakh (Gkuru) 

Kashmir (Nanga- Parbat) 



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Rophites kashmirensis (Warncke, 1979) 

Dufourea ladakhensis 

Rophites ladakhensis (Warncke, 1979) 

Ladakh, Zanskar Pass 

Genus Systropha Illiger, 1806 

This genus is widespread in the Palaearctic & Afrotropical region but also known from Asia 

(India, Sri Lanka and Thailand). The Palaearctic and Oriental species were reviewed by Baker 

(1996). From India this genus is represented by a single species. 

Systropha punjabensis Batra and Michener, 1966 

Punjab 

2.2. Subfamily Nomioidinae 

Nomioidinae is a group of minute species (3-6.5 mm) often with yellow integument 

maculations on head, mesosoma and metasoma; prepygidial fimbria of female not divided 

medially. The apex of marginal cell rounded or sometime truncate. There are 3 genera 

namely Cellariella, Ceylalictus, Nomioides under this subfamily from the world. Genus 

Ceylalictus includes 3 subgenera namely Ceylalictus s. str., Meganomioides and 

Atronomioides. The majority of species inhabit deserts and semi-deserts of Africa and Asia. 

Genus Cellariella endemic to the Afrotropical Region and other 2 genera are widely 

distributed in warm territories of Africa, Europe and Asia. 

This subfamily is represented by 2 genera i.e. Ceylalictus, Nomioides & 8 species from India. 

2.2.1. Key to the Genera of the Nomioidinae of the Indian Subregion 

1. Metasoma with pale integument bands on base of terga, S8 of male with long apical 

process [posterior depressed marginal zone of tergum 2 and frequently other terga 

translucent yellowish, so that yellow base of tergum 3 shows through]………………… 

…........................................................................................................Nomioides Schenck. 

— Metasoma with pale integument bands on apical part of terga, S8 of male without or with 

short apical process ….……………………………………….…….....Ceylalictus Strand. 

Genus Ceylalictus Strand, 1913 

This genus is mostly Palaeotropical in occurrence and only few species occur in Asian region. 

It consists of three subgenera which are readily distinguishable by the wing venation, 

coloration of the body, structure of the metanotum and propodeum, form of the inner 

metatibial spur of the female, structure of the male genitalia and pregenital sterna (see 

Pesenko 1983: 178-180).This genus is reprented by a single subgenus covering only 3 species 

from India. 

Subgenus Ceylalictus Strand s.str 

Ceylalictus punjabensis (Cameron, 1907) 

Nomioides excellens Saunders, 1908 

Nomioides comberi Cockerell, 1911 

Ceylalictus variegatus (Olivier, 1789) 

N. W. India, 

Punjab 

Northern India 



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Andrena variegata Olivier, 1789 

Andrena pulchella Jurine, 1807 

Allodape syrphoides Walker, 1871 

Andrena flavopicta Dours, 1873 

Nomioides jucunda Morawitz, 1874 

Nomioides fasciatus var intermedius Alfken, 1924 

Nomioides variegata var albopicta Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides variegata var luederitzi Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides variegata var quinquefasciata Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides variegata var simplex Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides variegata var unifasciata Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides labiatarum Cockerell, 1931 

Nomioides variegata var nigrita Blüthgen, 1934 

Nomioides variegata var nigriventris Blüthgen, 1934 

Nomioides variegata var pseudocerea Blüthgen, 1934 

Subgenus None or Uncertain 

Ceylalictus cereus (Nurse, 1902) 

Ceratina divisa Cameron, 1907 

Gujarat (Deesa) 

Genus Nomioides Schenck, 1867 

The genus is widespread in the Palaearctic region & also inhabits deserts of Asia and North 

Africa. But in India there are only 5 currently recognised species. Michener (2000) considered 

to place all members in the genus Nomiodes. However, Pesenko (1983, 1993), recognized 

three genera Nomioides s. str., Erythronomioides Pesenko, 1983 and Paranomioides Pesenko, 

1983. In this paper Michener (2000) has been followed for the placement of species. 

Nomioides curvilineatus (Cameron, 1907) 

Ceratina curvilineata Cameron, 1907 

Nomioides dubius Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides minutissimus (Rossi, 1790) 

Apis minutissima Rossi, 1790 

Halictus pulchellus Giraud, 1861 

Nomioides minutissima var schencki Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides minutissima var obscurata Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides minutissima var versicolor Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides minutissima var violascens Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides minutissima var fusca Blüthgen, 1934 

Nomioides minutissima var tristis Blüthgen, 1934 

Nomioides maurus Blüthgen, 1925 

Nomioides campanulae Cockerell, 1931 

Nomioides senecionis Cockerell, 1931 

Nomioides maura var tingitana Blüthgen, 1933 

Nomioides minutissimus maurus Blüthgen, 1925 


Madhya Pradesh 

(Jabalpur) 

India 



138



Nomioides patruelis Cockerell, 1919 

Nomioides pusillus Blüthgen, 1925 

India 


2.3. Subfamily Nomiinae 

The Nomiinae, at large, have the first and third submarginal cells in the forewing subequal in 

length and distinctly longer than the second submarginal cell. Antenna arises near midlength 

of eyes. Episternal groove present upto scrobe but sometime weak depression below scrobal 

groove. The exception is Steganomus, which has only two submarginal cells. There are 136 

valid species recognized in Oriental region which were recently reviewed by Pauly (2009) 

with brief illustrations & key to all the oriental species. 

This subfamily is represented by 15 genera & 72 species from India. 

2.3.1. Key to the Indian genera of Nomiinae 

1. Tergites with apical integumental bands ...............................................................................2 

—Tergites without apical tegumentary bands (only sometimes pubescent bands)...................8 

2. Metanotum with a double projection ....................................................................................3 

—Metanotum without double projection………………………...............................................4 

3. Scutellum and metanotum with projections......................................Crocisaspidia Ashmead. 

—Only the metanotum with a bifid projection…………..........Hoplonomia Ashmead (in part) 

4.Females with the complete basal plate of hind tibiae ............................................................5 

—Females with incomplete basal plate of hind tibiae….……………..……………................7 

5.Tegulae oval, smaller. Males with well developed mandibles often with one or hook on the 

inside edge……………………………………………………….....Gnathonomia Pauly. 

—Tegulae "auriforme", the apex being narrowed, greater. Male mandibles simple.................6 

6. Females: Posterior portion of hind tibia with a strong tooth subapically perpendicular. Basal 

plate of hind tibia carinated along margins forming a shield, the center largely setaceous. 

Both sexes: apical margin of forewing more or less smoky over its entire width. 

Punctation of scutum as usual but more downwardly. Males: Hind legs generally thicker 

and shorter……………….........…………………...….......Curvinomia Michener. 

— Females: Posterior portion of hind tibiae or regularly curved at its end, without strong 

subapical tooth. Basal plate of hind tibiae triangular, elevated plateau, hairless or nearly 

so. Both sexes: apical margin of forewing generally well smoky in the upper lobe. 

Punctation of the scutum of different appearance, generally more superficial, simple. 

Male: hind leg generally more slender and longer...................Maculonomia Wu (in part). 

7. Tergite 1 with an enamel band. Male with a preapical tooth underside of femurs…..... 

………………………………………………………………………Nomia s.str Latreille. 

—Tergite 1 without enamel band. Male without preapical tooth underside of femurs 

………………………………………………………………………..Leuconomia Pauly. 

8. Tegulae strongly developed, posteriorly reaching the apical margin of scutum………........9 

—Tegulae normal, much smaller.............................................................................................12 



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9. Forewing with only two cells submarginal. No subocular (below the eye) carina 

………………………………………………………..……………Steganomus Ritsema. 

—Forewing with three submarginal cells. Presence of a subocular carina.............................10 

10. Females with the incomplete basal plate of hind tibiae ...........................Pachynomia Pauly. 

—Females with the complete basal plate of hind tibiae............................................................11 

11. Tergites with apical pubescent band ...........................................................Pseudapis Kirby. 

—Tergites without apical pubescent band………………............................Nomiapis Cockerell. 

12. Metanotum with a double projection ...................................Hoplonomia Ashmead (in part) 

—Metanotum simple.……………............................................................................................13 

13. Pronotum with a carina along its anterior edge. Female with the basal plate of the tibia 

posteriorly incomplete, linear…………...…………………........Lipotriches Gerstaecker. 

—Pronotum without carina on the anterior edge or it largely interrupted. Females with the 

basal plate of hind tibiae posteriorly carinate or not…………………………………..14 

14. Large species with the antero-apical lobe of the wing strongly smoky. Females with the 

basal plate of hind tibiae completely carinate, triangular, glabrous.......Maculonomia Wu. 

—Generally smaller species, the antero-apical lobe of wing not particularly smoky but the 

entire margin apically slightly smoky or not. Females with basal plate of hind tibiae 

completely or incompletely carinate...............................................................................15 

15. Small species with metasoma mostly orange. Ocelli well developed. Glossa often very 

elongated. Scape of males often short…………………….................Maynenomia Pauly. 

—Small to large species. Ocelli normally developed. Metasoma black, rarely amber. Glossa 

often short. Scape of males of normal length.................................................................16 

16. Basal plate of hind tibiae of the females complete. Males generically 

uncharacterized..............................................................................Austronomia Michener. 

—Basal plate hind tibiae of the females incomplete. Males generically 

characterized……......................................................................…Macronomia Cockerell. 

Genus Austronomia Michener, 1965 

The genus is primarily Australian but in the Oriental Region there are 14 species, 10 in New 

Guinea, 4 in the Solomon Islands. This genus is represented by 11 species from India. 

Austronomia albofimbriata (Cameron, 1902) 

Nomia albofimbriata Cameron, 1902 

Austronomia arcuata Pauly, 2009 

Austronomia capitata (Smith, 1875) 

Nomia capitata Smith, 1875 

Nomia (Austronomia) krombeini Hirashima, 1978 

Lipotriches (Austronomia) krombeini (Hirashima, 1978) 

W. Bengal 

C.India, Maharastra, 

Kerala, Karnataka, 

Pondichery 

Maharashra 



140



Lipotriches (Lipotriches) abuensis (Cameron, 1908) 

Lipotriches fulvinerva (Cameron, 1907) 

Nomia silhetica Smith, 1853, nomen nudum 

Nomia aurifrons homonym Smith, 1875 

Nomia fulvinerva Cameron, 1907 

Nomia andrenina Cockerell, 1911 

Nomia ceylonica Friese, 1913 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) andrenina (Cockerell, 1911) 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) ceylonica (Friese, 1913) 

Lipotriches kangrae (Nurse, 1904) 

Nomia kangrae Nurse, 1904 

Lipotriches minutula (Friese, 1909) 

Nomia minutula Friese, 1909 

Nomia elongatula Cockerell, 1915 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) elongatula (Cockerell, 1915) 

Lipotriches mollis (Smith, 1879) 

Andrena mollis Smith, 1879 

Lipotriches parciformis (Cockerell, 1913) 

Nomia parciformis Cockerell, 1913 

Lipotriches phenacopsis (Cockerell, 1911) 

Nomia phenacopsis Cockerell, 1911 

Lipotriches phenacura (Cockerell, 1911) 

Nomia phenacura Cockerell, 1911 

Lipotriches pulchriventris (Cameron, 1897) 

Nomia clavata homonym Smith, 1862 

Halictus pulchriventris Cameron, 1897 

Nomia dimidiata Vachal, 1897 

Nomia pulchriventris (Cameron, 1897) 

Nomia aureobalteata Cameron, 1902 

Nomia halictella var triangularis Cockerell, 1905 

Nomia pseudoceratina Cockerell, 1910 

Nomia halictura Cockerell, 1911 

Nomia levicauda Cockerell, 1919 

Rhopalomelissa xanthogaster Alfken, 1926 

Nomia wallacei Cockerell, 1939 

Rhopalomelissa (Trichorhopalomelissa) hainanensis Wu, 1985 

Rhopalomelissa (Trichorhopalomelissa) zeae Wu, 1985 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) aureobalteata (Cameron, 1902) 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) triangularis (Cockerell, 1905) 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) xanthogastra (Alfken, 1926) 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) hainanensis (Wu, 1985) 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) zeae (Wu, 1985) 

Maharashtra, Bihar 

Himachal Pradesh 

Maharashra 

Maharashra 

Maharashra 

Maharashra 

Maharashra 

Uttarakhand 



142



Lipotriches torrida (Smith, 1879) 

Andrena torrida Smith, 1879 

Nomia comperta Cockerell, 1912 

Lipotriches (Lipotriches) comperta (Cockerell, 1912) 

Lipotriches tubulisetae Pauly, 2009 

Lipotriches yasumatsui (Hirashima, 1961) 

Rhopalomelissa yasumatsui Hirashima, 1961 

Rhopalomelissa yasumatsui koreana Hirashima, 1961 

Maharashra 

Tamilnadu (Nilgiri Hills 

& Coimbatore) 

Meghalaya (Shillong) 

Genus Macronomia Cockerell, 1917 

The genus is widespread in Africa (Pauly, 1990) and 11 species are now known from the 

Oriental Region. Currently 8 species are on record from Indian faunistic limits. 

Macronomia anamalaiensis Pauly, 2009 

Macronomia antennata (Smith, 1875) 

Nomia antennata Smith, 1875 

Nomia sykesiana Westwood, 1875 

Nomia aureohirta Cameron, 1898) 

Macronomia dilatata Pauly, 2009 

Macronomia karnatakaensis Pauly, 2009 

Macronomia madrasensis Pauly, 2009 

Macronomia nilgiriensis Pauly, 2009 

Macronomia savannakheti Pauly, 2009 

Macronomia walayarensis Pauly, 2009 

India, Madras 

(Anamalai hills) 

Maharastra 

S. India, Kerala 

(Walayar Forest) 

S.India, Karnataka, 

Bangalore, Kerala 


India, Madras 

S. India, Tamilnadu 

(Nilgiri Hills) 





Genus Maynenomia Pauly, 1984 

The genus is mainly Oriental in occurrence with 14 species on record. Currently the following 

9 species are known from Indian subcontinent. 



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Maynenomia chalcea (Cockerell, 1920) 

Nomia chalcea Cockerell, 1920 

Maynenomia chaprensis (Cockerell, 1920) 

Nomia chaprensis Cockerell, 1920 

Maynenomia ghatensis Pauly, 2009 

Maynenomia immsi (Cockerell, 1920) 

Nomia immsi Cockerell, 1920 

Maynenomia keralaensis Pauly, 2009 

Maynenomia lonavlaensis Pauly, 2009 

Maynenomia nanensis (Cockerell, 1929) 

Nomia nanensis Cockerell, 1929 

Maynenomia nathani Pauly, 2009 

Maynenomia poonaensis Pauly, 2009 

Kerala 

Bihar, W.Bengal 

W. India, W. Ghats, 

Lonavla 

Uttarakhand 



W. India, W. Ghats 

(Lonavla) 

Maharashra 



W. India, 

Maharashtra (Poona) 

Genus Gnathonomia Pauly, 2005 

This genus is endemic to the Oriental Region. The represenntatives of this genus are easily 

recognized by the oval tegulae which are of the “auricle” (ear) form in Curvinomia. Currently 

3 species of this genus are known from India. 

Gnathonomia argenteobalteata (Cameron, 1902) 

Nomia (Paranomia) argenteobalteata Cameron, 1902; 

Gnathonomia aurata (Bingham, 1897) 

Nomia aurata Bingham, 1897 

Gnathonomia aurata (Bingham, 1897) 

Nomia nasicana Cockerell, 1911 

Nomia crassiuscula Friese, 1913 

Nomia perconcinna Cockerell, 1920 

Gnathonomia thoracica (Smith, 1875) 

Nomia albofasciata Smith, 1875 

Paranomia stantoni Ashmead, 1904 

Nomia thoracica stantoni (Ashmead, 1904) 

Nomia thoracica excellens homonym Cockerell, 1931 

Nomia melior Cockerell, 1931 

Maharashra 

Uttarakhand 

W.Bengal, Sikkim 



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Genus Hoplonomia Ashmead, 1904 

This genus is mainly Oriental with 11 species and Madagaskar (2 species).It differs from other 

Nomiinae by the presence of two lamelliform projections on metanotum. Currently 4 species 

are known from India. Pauly (2009) indicated Hoplonomia kulliensis to be a synonymy of 

some earlier described species but didn’t examined the holotype. So we think it needs further 

studies. 

Hoplonomia elliotii (Smith, 1875) 

Hoplonomia elliotii (Smith, 1875) 

Nomia simplicipes Friese, 1897 

Hoplonomia incerta (Gribodo, 1894) 

Nomia incerta Gribodo, 1894 

Nomia punctata homonym Westwood, 1875 

Nomia punctulata Dalla Torre, 1896 

Nomia pilosella Cameron, 1904 

Hoplonomia kulliensis (Tomar, S. & Tomar, M., 2005) 

Nomia kulliensis Tomar, S. & Tomar, M., 2005 

Hoplonomia westwoodi (Gribodo, 1894) 

Nomia westwoodi Gribodo, 1894 

Nomia simillima homonym Smith, 1875 

Nomia erythrogaster Cameron, 1898 

Maharashra 

India 


Maharashtra 

Genus Maculonomia Wu, 1982 

This genus is found in North amemica and throughout Africa to S.E.Asia. It is related to 

Curvinomia but differs in the basal plate of hind tibia, which is elevated, triangular and almost 

glabrous (in Curvinomia the plate is with border carinate and the center is largely setaceous). 

In both sexes the upper apical region of the forewing is usually smoky (in Curvinomia, the 

whole margin is more or less smoky). Currently only 2 species are known under this genus 

from India. 

Maculonomia anthophoroides (Meade-Waldo, 1916) 

Melitta anthophoroides Meade-Waldo, 1916 

Maculonomia interrupta (Cameron, 1904) 

Nomia interrupta Cameron, 1904 

Sikkim 

India, Maharashra 

Genus Curvinomia Michener, 1944 

This genus is occuring in North America and throughout Africa to S.E.Asia. The outer hind 

tibial spur in female bears a strong apical or subapical tooth projecting to one side. The basal 

plate of hind tibia in females is with border carinated, the center largely setaceous. Currently 

only 2 species are known from India. 

Curvinomia iridescens (Smith, 1853) 

Tamilnadu (Nilgiri 



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Nomia iridescens Smith, 1853 

Nomia (Paranomia) zebrata Cameron, 1902 

Nomia (Paranomia) frederici Cameron, 1902 

Nomia iridescens var rhodochlora Cockerell, 1919 

Nomia subpurpurea Cockerell, 1920 

Curvinomia strigata (Fabricius, 1793) 

Nomia strigata (Fabricius, 1793) 

Andrena strigata Fabricius, 1793 

Nomia varibalteata Cameron, 1902 

Nomia iridescens var ridleyi Cockerell, 1910b 

Nomia selangorensis Cockerell, 1920 

Nomia mimosae Cockerell, 1925 

Nomia oryzae Cockerell, 1929 

Hills) 

India 

Genus Nomia Latreille, 1804, sensu stricto 

This genus is found from Africa to S.E.Asia. This is a subgenus of moderate-sized (9-13 mm 

long), conspicuously banded species with tegulae rather narrowly rounded posteriorly and the 

tibial spurs simple, i.e., without large teeth. It is the only subgenus of Nomia having one or 

two preapical teeth on the underside of the hind femur of the male. It is represented by only 2 

species from India. 

Nomia crassipes (Fabricius, 1798) 

Eucera crassipes Fabricius, 1798 

Nomia curvipes (Fabricius, 1793) 

Nomia indica Lepeletier, 1841 

Nomia combusta Smith, 1875 

Nomia calida Westwood, 1875 

Nomia varipes Cameron, 1898 

Nomia eburnigera Cockerell, 1911 


Maharashra, (Uttar 

Pradesh) 

Genus Leuconomia Pauly, 1980 

This genus is mainly found in Africa and have been revised by Pauly (2000). Only one species 

is known from Oriental Region and the same is recorded from India as well. 

Leuconomia interstitialis (Cameron, 1898) 

Nomia interstitialis Cameron, 1898 

Nomia rothneyi Cameron, 1904 

Uttar Pradesh 

Genus Crocisaspidia Ashmead, 1899 

This subgenus is primarily African, ranging from South Africa to Madagascar, Oman, Iran, 

Pakistan, and northern India. The 11 species were revised by Pauly (1990). Currently single 

species is known from India. 

Crocisaspidia buddha (Westwood, 1875) 




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Nomia buddha Westwood, 1875 

Nomia bahadur Nurse, 1904 

Genus Pseudapis Kirby, 1900 

Pseudapis is a widespread genus. It occurs in Europe, southern Russia, east to Turkey, central 

Asia, northern China, Japan, throughout Africa , south Asia to India and Thailand. Pseudapis 

is the major genus having greatly enlarged tegulae, extending far back behind the level of the 

scutoscutellar suture. Basitibial plate of female fully delimited, i.e., with a carina on both 

anterior and posterior margins. Currently only 5 species are known from India. 

Pseudapis carcharodonta (Baker, 2002) 

Nomiapis carcharodonta Baker, 2002 

Pseudapis edentata (Morawitz, 1876) 

Nomia edentata Morawitz, 1876 

Nomia minor Radoszkowski, 1893 

Nomia albifrons Vachal, 1897 

Nomia albolobata Cockerell, 1911 

Hoplonomia edentata (Morawitz, 1876) 

Pseudapis flavolobata (Cockerell, 1911) 

Nomia flavolobata Cockerell, 1911 

Nomia iranica Warncke, 1979 

Pseudapis oxybeloides (Smith, 1875) 

Nomia oxybeloides Smith, 1875 

Nomia latispina Cameron, 1898 

Nomia lepidota Cockerell, 1905 

Nomia biroi Friese, 1913 

Pseudapis patellata (Magretti, 1884) 

Nomia patellata Magretti, 1884 

Nomia chopardi Benoist, 1950 

Nomia (Pseudapis) patellata abassa Warcnke, 1980 

India 

Punjab 

Gujrat 

Punjab, Maharashtra, 

Uttar Pradesh, Gujrat, 

Tamilnadu,Pondichery 

Tamilnadu 

Genus Pachynomia Pauly, 1980 

Earliear this genus was known by four Afrotropical species, but Pauly (2009) confirmed two 

Oriental species out of which one is new. The genus differs notably from Pseudapis by the 

basitibial plate of female delimited by a carina only on posterior margin.Currently only 2 

species are known from India. 

Pachynomia aliena (Cameron, 1898) 

Nomia aliena Cameron, 1898 

Nomia opacula Cockerell, 1920 

Pachynomia nathani Pauly, 2009 

India 


(Nilgiri Hills),Kerala 




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Genus Nomiapis Cockerell, 1919 

This genus is mainly found in Palaearctic region. But it penetrates the limits of the region as 

Pakistan or southern China to India. But currently single species is known from India. 

Nomiapis bispinosa (Brullé, 1832) 

Nomia bispinosa Brullé, 1832 

Nomia rufiventris Spinola, 1839 

Nomia ruficornis Spinola, 1839 

Nomia perforata Lucas, 1849 

Nomia albocincta Lucas, 1849 

Nomia aureocincta Costa, 1861 

Nomia basalis homonym Smith, 1875 

Nomia albocincta var basirubra Magretti, 1884 

Nomia aureocincta var turcomanica Radoszkowski, 1893 

Nomia fletcheri Cockerell, 1920 

Nomia basalicincta Cockerell, 1922 

India (Gujrat) 

Genus Steganomus Ritsema, 1873 

Presentely this genus is represented by six species in the Oriental Region and four in the 

Afrotropical region. In its small (length 6-9 mm), robust body and enormous tegulae, this 

genus resembles Pseudapis. However, it differs from that genus and all other Nomiinae in 

having only two submarginal cells and by its larger tegulae. Currently only 4 species are 

known from India. 

Steganomus bipunctatus (Fabricius, 1804) 

Nomada bipunctata Fabricius, 1804 

Cyathocera nodicornis Smith, 1875 

Nomia matalea Strand, 1913 

Steganomus nodicornis (Smith, 1875) 

Steganomus fulvipennis Cameron, 1898 

Steganomus gracilis Cameron, 1898 

Steganomus lieftincki Pauly, 2009 

W.Bengal 

Maharashra 

Uttarakhand 

Delhi, W.Bengal 

Doubtful Species 

Nomia maculitarsis Cameron, 1898 

Nomia mahratta Cameron, 1898 

Maharashtra (Poona) 

Maharashtra (Bombay) 

2.4. Subfamily Halictinae 

The Halictinae have the pollen collecting females with a median specialized area on tergum 5 

(a longitudinal median furrow that divides the prepygidial fimbria), episternal groove extend 

well below scrobal groove. These two characters are unique to this subfamily. The antennal 



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sockets in the middle of the face, the anterior tentorial pit on the epistomal suture, the first 

submarginal cell of the forewing is longer than the second and third submarginals, which are 

similar in size. It is divided into two tribes; the Halictini and the Augochlorini, of which only 

the former occurs in India. This tribe i.e. Halictini comprises six pollen collecting (Halictus, 

Lasioglossum, Pachyhalictus, Homalictus Seladonia & Thrincostoma) and two cleptoparasitic 

genera (Eupetersia & Sphecodes). 

2.4.1. Key to the genera of Halictinae of the Indian region 

1. Hair on distal ends of metasomal terga 3-5 directed laterally; malar area usually long, onethird 

to four times as long as wide…………...........…..…….…Thrinchostoma Saussure. 

—Hair on distal ends of metasomal terga 3-5 directed backwards; malar area short……...…..2 

2. Cleptoparasitic (no scopa in female); without clear hair bands on distal ends of metasomal 

terga; metasoma often red (sometimes black or metallic blue), rarely with 

tomentum……………………………………………………………….…………….....3 

—Pollen collector, scopa on female hind leg; metasoma rarely red, often with distinct hair 

bands on base of metasomal terga……………………..……………………….…..…...4 

3. Body coarsely pitted; mandible of female often with preapical tooth; fourth antennal 

segment a little longer than third in females, twice as long as third in 

males………………………………………………………….……...Sphecodes Latreille. 

—Body usually more finely punctate; mandible simple; third and fourth antennal segment 

distinctly broader than long in both sexes………………….........…Eupetersia Bluthgen. 

4. Forewing with vein 2rs-m weakly developed than vein Rs (more prominent in 

females)……....................................................................................................................6 

—All veins of submarginal cells equally well developed……………………………………..5 

5. Body mostly black rarely metasoma red……………………………………........................7 

—Body with metallic green, gold or blue reflections………………….....Seladonia Robertson. 

6. Scopal hair plumelike with numerous lateral branches, those on sterna and ventrolateral 

parts of terga large, those of hind femur arising ventrally and especially at ends of 

femur forming femoral corbicula; gonobase of male genitalia, as seen from above, 

usually continuing contours of gonocoxites…................................Homalictus Cockerell. 

—Scopal hair with relatively few, longer branches, less developed on metasomal venter, those 

of hind femur arising subdorsally and curling around femur to form femoral corbicula; 

gonobase of male genitalia, as seen from above, relatively broad, usually not at all 

continuing contours of gonocoxites...................................................Lasioglossum Curtis. 

7. Female with clypeal truncation at the margins from distal to preapical fimbria, extended 

downward at each side of labrum as a small, rather sharp, impunctate projection; S4 of 

male unmodified or at least without coarse apical setae; ventral gonostylus of male 

absent or directed apically, not retrorse………………………….…....Halictus Latreille. 

— Female with clypeal truncation at the margins from distal to preapical fimbria, extending 

but little downward at each side of labrum forming only a low, rounded projection; S4 

of male usually shortened, commonly hidden by S3, frequently with several coarse 

apical or subapical setae; ventral gonostylus of male usually present, directed ventrally 

or basally, forming a retrorse lobe (Inner hind tibial spur of female pectinate with three 

to six long teeth; basitibial plate of male absent or indicated only at apex; male with 

comb on S4).................................................................................Pachyhalictus Cockerell. 

Genus Halictus Latreille, 1804 

The genus Halictus Latreille is mostly a Palaearctic group in its occurrence and includes 90 

currently recognized species (Pesenko 1984, 2000, 2004). Only five species inhabit North 



149



America (including the Holarctic H. rubicundus) and 4 species are Northern Oriental in 

occurrence (Pesenko, 2005) (H. acrocephalus Blüthgen, H. constrictus Smith, H.fimbriatus 

Smith (= H. asperatus Blngham), and H. latisignatus Cameron). But the exact number of 

species in Oriental region still doubtfull. Most of species are Mediterranean and Central 

Asian. Just the structure of the male genitalia was taken as a basis for the subgeneric 

classification of the genus Halictus by Pesenko, 1984. According to this classification, all 

species are divided into 12 subgenera namely Ramalictus, Halictus s. str., Nealictus, 

Lampralicutus, Protohalictus, Monilapis, Platyhalictus, Odontalictus, Hexataenites, 

Tytthalictus, Argalictus and another Seladonia which is raised to genus level by Pesenko, 

2004. Currently, out of these 12 only 6 subgenera with 8 species known to occur in India. 

2.4.2. Key to the Indian Subgenera of Halictus (modified from Pesenko, 2004) 

1. Clypeus of female with rounded tubercle in middle of lower margin; S5 of male with deep, 

triangular but rounded incision in distal margin; metasoma, at least T1 to T3, 

red .............................................................................................................H. (Ramalictus) 

—Clypeus of female with lower margin straight; S5 of male with margin straight or broadly, 

weakly emarginate; metasoma usually black....................................................................2 

2. Body length over 16 mm; scutum of female sparsely punctate; antennal flagellum of male 

flattened with long fringe on lower side, last segment flattened, curved; hind basitarsus 

of male curved…….............................................................................H. (Halictus s. str.) 

—Body length less than 14 mm; scutum of female densely punctate; antennal flagellum of 

male not flattened, not fringed except rarely with short hair, last segment unmodified; 

hind basitarsus of male nearly always straight….............................................................3 

3. Upper gonostylus of male broad with clump of very coarse bristles on inner surface; lower 

gonostylus a slender process……………………………......................H. (Protohalictus) 

—Upper gonostylus of male elongate, proximal half narrowed, without clump of coarse 

bristles on inner surface; lower gonostylus absent...........................................................4 

4. Hypostomal and lower genal areas of male, at least in ventral view, slightly concave to 

deeply excavated; first flagellar segment of male broader than long, following segments 

often convex ventrally and thus moniliform and each with glabrous, shiny area or band 

mesally; S4 of male with posterior margin broadly and deeply emarginate with extreme 

lateral angle distinct ..............................................................................H. (Platyhalictus) 

—Hypostomal and genal areas of male convex or flat in lateral view; first flagellar segment of 

male as long as or longer than broad, following segments usually not convex, without 

glabrous areas; S4 of male with posterior margin straight or shallowly incised medially, 

without strong angle at side .............................................................................................5 

5. Propodeum with carina bordering its posterior surface; last antennal segment of male 

usually hook-shaped; S4 of male trapezoidal, narrowed, and emarginate 

posteriorly ..............................................................................................H. (Hexataenites) 

—Propodeum without carina; last antennal segment of male of usual form; S4 of male not 

narrowed posteriorly, margin usually straight .........................................H. (Tytthalictus) 

Subgenus Ramalictus Pesenko, 1984 

Halictus acrocephalus Blüthgen, 1926 

Halictus latisignatus Cameron, 1908 

Bihar (Pusa),W.Bengal 

Gujrat (Deesa), 

Karnataka (Mysore), 



150



Subgenus Platyhalictus Pesenko, 1984 

Tamilnadu 

(Nillgiri Hills) 

Halictus minor Morawitz, 1876 

Halictus altaicus Pérez, 1903 

Halictus jarkandensis Strand, 1909 

Halictus yarkandensis Michener, 1978 

N. India: Himachal 

Pradesh, Swarghat 

Subgenus Halictus Latreille, 1804 

Halictus brunnescens (Eversmann, 1852) 

Hylaeus brunnescens Eversmann, 1852 

Halictus quadricinctus var aegyptiacus Friese, 1916 

Halictus quadricinctus var maximus Friese, 1916 

Halictus duplocinctus Vachal, 1902 

Halictus magnificus Nurse, 1903 

N.India: Himachal 

Pradesh, Kulu 

Kashmir 

Subgenus Tytthalictus Pesenko, 1984 

Halictus constrictus Smith, 1853 

Halictus paris Bingham, 1908 

Uttarakhand 

(Mussoorie, Baijnath) 

Jammu & Kashmir 

(Inshan, Margan Pass), 


(Swarghat, Kandaghat) 

Subgenus Protohalictus Pesenko, 1984 

Halictus fimbriatus Smith, 1853 

Halictus asperatus Bingham, 1898 

(synonymy by Pesenko, 2005) 

Himacal Pradesh 

Uttarkhand (Mussoorie) 

Subgenus Hexataenites Pesenko, 1984 

Halictus resurgens Nurse, 1903 

Halictus turkomannus Pérez, 1903 

Halictus holtzi Schulz 1906 

Halictus asiaeminoris Strand, 1921 

N.India & Kashmir 

Genus Seladonia (Robertson, 1918) 

This genus is almost a cosmopolitan group of bees in relation to distribution (absent in 

Australia). It includes 102 currently recognized species, three-fourths of which (72 species) 

are Palaearctic; only 8 species inhabit America, including the Holarctic S. confusa (Smith, 

1853), while 14 species are known from the Afrotropical Region and 9 species occur in the 

Oriental Region. The majority of species are Mediterranean and Central Asian, preferring 

deserts and semi-deserts. The genus was subdivided by the author into 6 subgenera namely 



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Mucoreohalictus Pesenko, Pachyceble Moure, Paraseladonia Pauly, Placidohalictus Pesenko, 

Seladonia Robertson, Vestitohalictus Blüthgen (Pesenko, 2004). Members of genus Seladonia 

are greenish, bluish, or brassy coloration (the metasoma sometimes nonmetallic) and small to 

moderate size (length 4.5-10.0 mm) so easily recognized. All representatives in India fall 

under single subgenus i.e. Seladonia Robertson. 

Subgenus Seladonia Robertson, 1918 

Seladonia (Seladonia) lucidipennis (Smith, 1853) 

Halictus lucidipennis Smith, 1853 

Halictus varipes Morawitz, 1876 

Halictus niloticus Smith, 1879 

Halictus vernalis Smith, 1879 

Halictus magrettii Vachal, 1892 

Halictus dives Pérez, 1895 

Halictus omanicus Pérez, 1907 

Halictus variipes var koptica Blüthgen, 1933 

Halictus (Seladonia) sudanicus Cockerell, 1945 

Halictus (Seladonia) tokarensis Cockerell, 1945 

Halictus (Seladonia) dissensis Cockerell, 1945 

Halictus (Seladonia) medanicus Cockerell, 1945 

Halictus (Seladonia) mogrensis Cockerell, 1945 

Halictus (Seladonia) tokariellus Cockerell, 1945 

Halictus (Seladonia) medaniellus Cockerell, 1945 

Halictus (Seladonia) morinellus hyemalus Warncke, 1982 

Seladonia (Seladonia) paropamisos (Ebmer, 1978) 

Halictus paropamisos Ebmer, 1978 

Seladonia (Seladonia) propinqua (Smith, 1853) 

Halictus propinquus Smith, 1853 

Halictus grandiceps Cameron, 1897 

Halictus alexis Cameron, 1897 

Halictus pinguis Vachal, 1902 

Seladonia (Seladonia) subauratoides (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus subauratoides Blüthgen, 1926 

Seladonia (Seladonia) vicina (Vachal, 1894) 

Halictus vicinus Vachal, 1894 

Halictus abuensis Cameron, 1908; 

Halictus propinquus silvaticus Blüthgen, 1926 

Halictus (Seladonia) daturae Cockerell, 1929 

Halictus daturae var laosina Cockerell, 1929 

Halictus (Seladonia) umbrosus Cockerell, 1929 

Halictus speculiferus Cockerell, 1929 

Seladonia (Seladonia) subaurata (Rossi, 1792) 

Halictus(Seladonia) subauratus (Rossi, 1792) 

Punjab, Haryana 

Karnataka & 

Tamilnadu 

Ladakh, Drass 

Uttarakhand, Himachal 

Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, 

W.Bengal, Orissa, 

Karnataka, Rajasthan 

Uttarakhand, Himachal 

Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, 

Meghalaya, Sikkim 

Rajasthan, Maharastra 

(Lonavla), Jammu & 

Kashmir (Drass, Leh, 

Zanaskar), Sikkim, 

Assam 


(Margan Pass), Uttar 



152



Apis subaurata Rossi, 1792 

Halictus subauratus Bluthgen, 1926 

Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus Ebmer, 1983 

Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus subauratus Ebmer, 1988 

Halictus virescens Lepeletier, 1841 

Halictus gramineus Smith, 1849 

Halictus meridionalis Morawitz, 1873 

Halictus subauratus syrius Bluthgen, 1933 

Pradesh 

Genus Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 

This genus is almost a cosmopolitan group of bees in relation to distribution. Lasioglossum is 

an enormous genus of morphologically monotonously similar bees. It is the only halictid 

genus other than Homalictus that shows weakened distal wing venation, at least in females. 

There are 18 subgenera under this genus namely Acanthalictus, Australictus, Austrevylaeus, 

Callalictus, Chilalictus, Ctenonomia, Dialictus, Eickwortia, Evylaeus, Glossalictus, 

Hemihalictus, Lasioglossum s. str., Paradialictus, Parasphecodes, Pseudochilalictus, 

Sellalictus, Sphecodogastra, Sudila. Out of these only 5 are represented in India. 

2.4.3. Key to the Subgenera of Lasioglossum of the Indian Region 

1. Second submarginal crossvein as strong as first (to be verified using females)……...….….2 

—Second submarginal crossvein, at least in female, weaker than first, although not always so 

weak as third or as second recurrent vein ……………....................................................3 

2. Inner hind tibial spur of female serrate or rarely pectinate with five or more 

teeth……….......................... …………………………..…….…L. (Lasioglossum s. str.) 

—Inner hind tibial spur of female pectinate with few large teeth, or with one large tooth 

followed by undulate margin…………………………………….….......L. (Ctenonomia) 

3. Subpleural signum of female usually elevated as distinct tubercle in front of middle coxa; 

inner hind tibial spur of male briefly pectinate (Oriental).................................L. (Sudila) 

—Subpleural signum of female inconspicuous or absent, not elevated as tubercle; inner hind 

tibial spur of male usually ciliate or minutely dentate .....................................................4 

4. Posterior surface of propodeum margined at side by vertical carina that extends upward to 

summit and then mesad at least partway across upper margin, so that there is a 

sometimes interrupted, transverse carina between basal area and posterior surface, i.e., 

across posterior margin of basal area; rarely transverse carina present but vertical carina 

reduced or absent; usually rather large, nonmetallic.....................................L. (Evylaeus) 

—Posterior surface of propodeum usually with lateral vertical carina extending only partway 

to summit, or, if attaining summit, then usually not extending mesad across upper 

margin, so that there is usually no carina between basal area and posterior surface, i.e., 

so that basal area is usually not enclosed; body commonly smaller, sometimes metallic 

...................................................................................................................... L. (Dialictus) 

Subgenus Evylaeus Robertson, 1902 

Evylaeus is the largest subgenus of the family Halictidae. It includes about 400 species 

occurring in all the continents except for Australia (and Antarctica). Evylaeus species are 

especially numerous in the Holarctic Region. The Evylaeus fauna of the Palaearctic Region (in 

the narrower understanding, i.e. not including Sudan, south of Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, 

India, southern half of China, Japanese Ryukyu Islands) consists of 318 currently recognised 

species (Pesenko, 1996). Ebmer recognized two groups in this subgenus carinate and 



153



carinaless. In carinate Evyleaus the posterior vertical surface of propodeum entirely carinate 

laterally or only along its dorsal margin sometimes carina weak or hardly noticeable (verify 

using females) and in carinaless Evyleaus the posterior vertical surface of propodeum without 

lateral carina at least at dorsolateral edges. 

This subgenus is represented by 27 species from India. 

Lasioglossum ablenum (Blüthgen, 1934) 

Halictus ablenus Blüthgen, 1934 

Lasioglossum catileps (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus catileps Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum didomenon Ebmer, 1980 

Lasioglossum epipygiale (Blüthgen, 1924) 

Halictus epipygialis Blüthgen, 1924 

Halictus massuriensis Blüthgen, 1926 

ssp. massuriense (Blüthgen 1926) 

Halictus malachuropsis (Bluthgen, 1931) 

Lasioglossum feai (Vachal, 1895) 

Halictus feae Vachal, 1895 

Lasioglossum fulgens (Nurse, 1902) 

Halictus fulgens Nurse, 1902 

Lasioglossum funebre (Cameron, 1897) 

Halictus funebris Cameron, 1897 

Halictus fuscus Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum himalayense (Bingham, 1898) 

Halictus himalayensis Bingham, 1898 

Halictus indicus Cameron, 1909 

Lasioglossum hydrocephalum (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus hydrocephalus Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum marginatum (Brullé, 1832) 

Halictus marginatus Brullé, 1832 

Halictus fasciatellus Schenck 1869 

Halictus gribodoi Kriechbaumer 1873 

Rajasthan (Mount Abu) 

Himachal Pradesh, 


(Ladakh) 


(Ladakh) 

Punjab, 

Uttarakhand 

(Nainital) 

Sikkim, Assam 

(Khasia Hills) 


(Simla, Kulu), 

Jammu & Kashmir, 

Uttarakhand 

(Mussoorie) 

Uttarakhand, 

W.Bengal 

(Darjeeling), 

Sikkim, Assam 



(Simla), Sikkim, 


Uttarakhand 

(Mussoorie) 

Assam (Khasia 

Hills) 


Uttarakhand (Garhwal, 

Dhanaulti), Himachal 

Pradesh (Naggar, Simla) 



154



Halictus riparius Morawitz 1873 

Halictus vulgaris Morawitz 1876 

Halictus kervilleanus Pérez 1910 

Lasioglossum massuricum (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus massuricum (Blüthgen 1926) 

Halictus massuricus chaprensis Blüthgen, 1931 

Lasioglossum matianense (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus matianensis Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum matianense pluto Ebmer, 1980 

Lasioglossum nursei (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus nursei Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum oppositum (Smith, 1875) 

Nomia opposita Smith, 1875 

Halictus multistictus Cockerell, 1911 

Lasioglossum perihirtulum (Cockerell, 1937) 

Halictus (Evylaeus) perihirtulus Cockerell, 1937 

Lasioglossum pheidolopse (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus pheidolopsis Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum pseudopalmeri (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Lasioglossum rugifrons (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus rugifrons Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum rugolatum (Smith, 1853) 

Halictus rugolatus Smith, 1853 

Halictus kodialicus Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum salutatrix (Cameron, 1897) 

Halictus salutator Cameron, 1897 

Halictus nireus Bingham, 1898 

Halictus zonatulus Cameron, 1902 

Lasioglossum shillongense (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Lasioglossum simlaense (Cameron, 1909) 

Halictus simlaensis Cameron 1909 

Lasioglossum subglobosum (Blüthgen, 1926) 



(Naggar, Kulu), 

Uttarakhand (Uttarkashi, 

Gangotri) 

Kashmir, Uttarakhand 

(Garhwal) 


Sikkim, Assam 



Uttarakhand, W.Bengal 

(Darjeeling & 

Kalimpong) 

Meghalaya 

Sikkim 

Sikkim (Yoksum) 

Himachal Pradesh (Simla), 

Uttarakhand (Mussoorie) 


Uttarakhand, W.Bengal 


Uttarakhand, 





155



Lasioglossum tunguense (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus tunguense Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum turneri homonym (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus turneri Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802) 

Melitta villosula Kirby, 1802 

Melitta punctulata Kirby, 1802 

Halictus villosulus (Kirby, 1802) 

Halictus hirtellus Schenck, 1868 

Halictus medinai Vachal, 1895 

Halictus pauperatulellus Strand, 1909 

Halictus barkensis Blüthgen, 1930 

Halictus (Evylaeus) rufotegularis Cockerell, 1938 

Halictus villiersi Benoist, 1941 

Halictus berberus Benoist, 1941 

Halictus trichopsis Strand, 1914 

Halictus melanomitratus Strand, 1914 

Halictus melanomitratus var mitratolus Strand, 1914 

Halictus villosulopsis Blüthgen, 1926 

Halictus pahanganus Blüthgen, 1928 

Lasioglossum villosulum trichopse (Strand, 1914) 

Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) villosulum arabicum Ebmer, 2008 

Lasioglossum orchidodeceptum Pauly & Bänziger, 2011 

N. Sikkim (Tung) 

Assam 


(Kulu) 

S. India (Anamalai Hills, 

Nilgiri Hills). 

Subgenus Ctenonomia Cameron, 1903 

Ctenonomia is the major group of Lasioglossum in Africa and tropical Asia. It occurs 

throughout sub-Saharan Africa to Asia and also occurs in Australia, New Guinea. Michener 

(2000) placed earlier subgenus Nesohalictus Crawford, 1910 & Ipomalictus Paully, 1999 

(with respectively L.serenum & L.nathanae) under this subgenus Ctenonomia. This subgenus 

is represented by 13 species from India. 

Lasioglossum albescens (Smith, 1853) 

Halictus albescens Smith, 1853 

Halictus albozonatus homonym Smith, 1879 

Halictus senescens Smith, 1879 

Halictus albicinctus Dalla Torre, 1896 

Halictus picipes homonym Cameron, 1897 

Halictus minikoiensis Cameron, 1902 

Halictus bengalensis Cameron, 1903 

Halictus manilae Ashmead, 1904 

Halictus luzonicus Strand, 1909 

Halictus javanensis Strand, 1910 

Halictus amblypygus Strand, 1913 

Halictus javanicus Friese, 1914 

Punjab, W.Ghats 

(Lonavla),Assam, 


(Tattapani) 



156



Lasioglossum cavernifrons (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus cavernifrons Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum cire (Cameron, 1897) 

Halictus ciris Cameron, 1897 

Halictus kandycola Strand, 1913 

Lasioglossum clarum (Nurse, 1902) 

Halictus clarus Nurse, 1902 

Lasioglossum compressum (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus compressus Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum cuniculum (Vachal, 1894) 

Halictus cuniculus Vachal, 1894 

Lasioglossum deliense (Strand, 1910) 

Nomia flavipes homonym Smith, 1858 

Halictus roepkei Friese, 1914 

Halictus eschscholtzi Cockerell, 1919 

Halictus latebralis Cockerell, 1922 

Lasioglossum nathanae Pauly, 2001 

Lasioglossum serenum (Cameron, 1897) 

Halictus serenus Cameron, 1897 

Halictus deesanus Cameron, 1908 

Halictus ceylonicus homonym Strand, 1910 

Halictus strandiellus Cockerell, 1911 

Halictus hornianus Strand, 1913 

Lasioglossum sikkimense (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus sikkimensis Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum splendidulum (Vachal, 1894) 

Halictus splendidulus Vachal, 1894; 

Halictus metenus Cockerell, 1937; 

Halictus (Evylaeus) bambusarum Cockerell, 1937; 

Halictus (Chloralictus) speculibasis Cockerell, 1937 

Lasioglossum vagans (Smith, 1857) 

Halictus vagans Smith, 1857 

Halictus cattulus Vachal, 1894 

Halictus cattulus var peguanus Vachal, 1894 

Halictus buddha Cameron, 1897 

Halictus vishnu Cameron, 1897 

Halictus phillipinensis Ashmead, 1904 

Halictus matheranensis Cameron, 1907 

Punjab (Ferozepur) 

Delhi, Maharashtra 

(Bombay) 

Gujrat (Deesa) 

W.Bengal (Darjeeling), 

Uttarakhand (Almora) 

Uttarakhand (Almora), 

Punjab (Chandigarh), 

N.E.India (Mishmi Hills) 

Sikkim 


(Trivandrum) 

Uttarakhand, Gujrat 

(Deesa) 

Sikkim, W.Bengal 

(Darjeeling) 

Punjab (Amritsar) 

& Delhi, Himachal 

Pradesh (Binji), 

Uttarakhand 

(Dehradun), Sikkim 

Uttarakhand (Mussoorie), 

Whole Indian subcontinent 



157



Halictus emergendus Cameron, 1908 

Halictus luteitarsellus Strand, 1910; 

Halictus micado Strand, 1910; 

Halictus nasicensis Cockerell, 1911; 

Halictus perhumilis Cockerell, 1911; 

Halictus statialis Cockerell, 1911; 

Halictus bleharophorus Strand, 1913 

Halictus centrophorus Strand, 1913 

Halictus nalandicus Strand, 1913 

Halictus javanicus Friese, 1914, male 

Halictus schmiedeknechti Friese, 1914 

Halictus phillipinensis var nigritarsellus Cockerell, 1919 

Halictus chaldaeorum Morice, 1921 

Halictus semivagans Cockerell, 1937 

Lasioglossum xystonotum (Vachal, 1894) 

Halictus xystonotus Vachal, 1894 

Sikkim 

Subgenus Dialictus Robertson, 1902 

Dialictus consists of mostly small (body length 3.5-8.0 mm), greenish bees or blackish; 

sometimes the metasoma is red. The metasoma is not conspicuously banded, although in a 

few Palaearctic and Oriental species females have apical hair bands. This subgenus is 

represented by 15 species from India. 

Lasioglossum algirum (Blüthgen, 1923) 

Halictus algirus Blüthgen, 1923 

ssp. pseudannulipes (Blüthgen 1924) 

Lasioglossum cameronellum (Cockerell, 1911) 

Halictus cameronellus Cockerell, 1911 

Halictus himalayensis homonym Cameron, 1904 

Halictus matianicus Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum cavillosum (Vachal, 1894) 

Halictus cavillosus Vachal, 1894 

Lasioglossum dolus Ebmer, 1974 

Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) dolus submarginellum Ebmer, 1997 

Lasioglossum eduardi (Blüthgen, 1931) 

Halictus eduardi Blüthgen, 1931 

Lasioglossum hypsiston Ebmer, 1980 

Lasioglossum krishna (Nurse, 1902) 

Halictus krishna Nurse, 1902 

N.W.India, Uttarakhand 

(Mussoorie) 

Himachal Pradesh (Simla) 


Himachal Pradesh (Kulu), 

Uttarakhand (Ranikhet), 

Meghalaya (Shillong), 

W. Bengal (Kalimpong) 

N.India, Himachal 

Pradesh (Kulu) 

W.Bengal (Darjeeling) 


(Ladakh) 

N.W.India, Uttarakhand 

(Kedarnath, Govindghat, 



158



Almora) 

Lasioglossum melachloron Ebmer, 1983 

Lasioglossum orpheum (Nurse, 1904) 

Halictus testaceus homonym Nurse, 1902 

Halictus kangranus Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum plasunicum (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus plasunicum Bluthgen 1926 

Lasioglossum polyctor (Bingham, 1908) 

Halictus polyctor Bingham 1908 

Lasioglossum sanitarium (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus sanitarius (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Lasioglossum serratum (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus serratus Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum schoichi Ebmer 2004 

Lasioglossum tschibuklinum (Blüthgen, 1931) 

Halictus tschibuklinus Blüthgen, 1931 


(Inshan & Margan Pass) 

N.W.India, Himachal 

Pradesh (Simla), Jammu 

& Kashmir 

India (Plasun) 


(Simla), Uttarakhand 

(Gangotri) 

N.E.India & W.Bengal 

(Darjeeling) 

N.E India 


(Kulu, Mandi) 



(Inshan & Margan Pass) 

Subgenus Sudila Cameron, 1898 

Sudila is known from mountains of Sri Lanka, southern India, and Java. The six species were 

revised by Sakagami, Ebmer & Tadauchi (1996).Females of Sudila are morphologically like 

large (body length 10-11 mm), black, nonmetallic or slightly greenish Dialictus except for the 

mesepisternal tubercle (the subpleural signum, a minute structure shown in front of the middle 

coxa, which is strongest in females but absent in both sexes of Lasioglossum (Sudila) 

paralphenum Sakagami, Ebmer & Tadauchi. This subgenus is represented by 2 species from 

India. 

Lasioglossum alphenum (Cameron, 1897) 

Halictus alphenus Cameron, 1897 

Halictus ceylonicus Cameron, 1902 

Ceylonicola submicans Friese, 1918 

Lasioglossum paralphenum Sakagami, 

Ebmer and Tadauchi, 1996 

S.India, Uttarakhand 

(Mussoorie) 

S.India, Tamilnadu 


Subgenus Lasioglossum s.str Curtis, 1833 

Lasioglossum dynastes (Bingham, 1898) 

Uttarakhand (Uttarkashi, 

Halictus dynastes Bingham, 1898 

Badrinath), Himachal 



159



Halictus itinerans Cameron, 1903 

Halictus reflexus Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum excisum Ebmer, 1998 

Lasioglossum inoum (Cameron, 1904) 

Andrena inoa Cameron, 1904 

Halictus maymyonicus Blüthgen, 1926 

Pradesh (Simla, Kulu) 

W.Bengal, Jammu 

& Kashmir (Kishtwar, 

Palmar) 

Sikkim (Gangtok) 

N.E.India (Mishmi Hills, 

Delai valley) 

Sikkim (Kurseong), 

Assam 

Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) leucozonium (Schrank, 1781) Jammu & Kashmir 

Apis leucostoma Schrank, 1781 

(Kistwar, Inshan, 

Halictus similis Smith, 1853 

Margan Pass, Pahalgam) 

Halictus bifasciatellus Schenck, 1875 


Halictus leucozonius var nigrotibialis Dalla Torre, 1877 (Simla) 

Halictus deiphobus Bingham, 1908 

Halictus satschauensis Blüthgen, 1934 

Halictus leucozonius clusium Warncke, 1975 

Lasioglossum leucozonium cedri Ebmer, 1976 

Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) satschauense (Blüthgen, 1934) 

Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) satschauense mandschuricum Ebmer, 1978 

Lasioglossum pseudoccidens (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus pseudoccides Blüthgen, 1926 

Lasioglossum spodiozonium (Vachal, 1894) 

Halictus spodiozonius Vachal, 1894 

Halictus subopacus Smith, 1853 

Lasioglossum sublaterale (Blüthgen, 1931) 

Halictus sublateralis Blüthgen, 1931 

Lasioglossum tardum (Cameron, 1897) 

Halictus tardus Cameron, 1897 

Halictus relexoides Blüthgen, 1926 

Sikkim (Lachen, 

Chungthang) 


(Simla), Meghalaya 

(Khasia hills, Shillong), 


N.W.India, Jammu 

& Kashmir, Himachal 

Pradesh (Naggar) 


(Srinagar, Gulmarg), 


(Manali, Naggar, Simla) 

Genus Homalictus Cockerell, 1919 

This genus includes 3 subgenera namely Homalictus s. str., Papualictus, Quasilictus. Out of 

which only the first one occur in India. Papualictus is known from New Guinea, northern 

Queensland & Australia. Quasilictus occurs in Northern and Western Australia with a single 

species. The scopal hair on the hind femora and metasoma are plumose, with numerous 

branches diverging from a distinct rachis. The hair forming the hind femoral corbicula arise 

on the lower surface of the femur, not on the dorsal surface. This genus is represented by 2 

species from India. 



160



Homalictus buccinum (Vachal, 1904) 

Halictus buccinus Vachal, 1904 

Homalictus discursum (Cameron, 1897) 

Halictus discursus Cameron, 1897 

Sikkim (Teesta bridge) 

N.India, Sikkim 

Genus Pachyhalictus Cockerell, 1929 

Pachyhalictus is the only Indo-Australian genus. It ranges from Sri Lanka and India east 

through Southeast Asia to Yunnan Province, China, the Philippines, and Taiwan, thence south 

through Indonesia and New Guinea to Australia, at least as far south as middle Queensland. 

This genus consists of robust bees with basal bands, or at least basal lateral areas, of 

tomentum on the metasomal terga. The body length is 5 to 8 mm. The first recurrent vein is 

near the distal end of the second submarginal cell or meets the second transverse cubital vein. 

This genus includes 5 species from India. 

Pachyhalictus assamica (Blüthgen, 1926) 

Halictus assamicus Blüthgen, 1926 

Pachyhalictus interstitialis (Cameron, 1903) 

Halictus interstitialis Cameron, 1903 

Pachyhalictus intricata (Vachal, 1894) 

Halictus intricatus Vachal, 1894 

Halictus validus Bingham, 1903 

Halictus thoracicus Friese, 1914 

Pachyhalictus liodoma (Vachal, 1894) 

Halictus liodomus Vachal, 1894 

Halictus scopipes Friese, 1918 

Pachyhalictus reticulosa (Dalla Torre, 1896) 

Halictus reticulates homonym Vachal, 1894 

Halictus reticulosus Dalla Torre, 1896 

Assam (Tinsukia) 

W.Bengal (Barrackpur) 

N.E.India 

N.E.India 

N. India 

Genus Eupetersia Blüthgen, 1928b 

This genus is parasitic so lack scopa on their hind legs. Eupetersia Bluthgen has a coarsely 

pitted body, it differs from another parasitic genus from India which have moderate to fine 

punctuation of the body. This genus includes 2 sugenera Eupetersia s. str., Nesoeupetersia. 

(Blüthgen, 1928b). This genus is represented by a single subgenus i.e. Nesoeupetersia with 

single species from India. 

Subgenus Nesoeupetersia Blüthgen, 1928b 

Eupetersia nathani Baker 1974 

S. India 

Genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 



161



This is common and widespread parasitic genus among the Halictinae. It is usually black with 

a partly or wholly red metasoma, but sometimes, especially in males, the metasoma is entirely 

black. Sphecodes is widespread on all continents except Australia. In India it is reprented by 

21 species (Bluthgen, 1927). 

Sphecodes abuensis Nurse, 1903. 

Sphecodes albifrons Smith, 1879. 

Sphecodes assamensis Blüthgen, 1927. 

Sphecodes chaprensis Blüthgen, 1927. 

Sphecodes crassicornis Smith, 1879. 

Sphecodes decorus (Cameron, 1897). 

Halictus decorus Cameron, 1897 

Halictus cameronii Bingham, 1897 

Sphecodes dissimulandus (Cameron, 1897). 

Sphecodes fumipennis Smith, 1853. 

Sphecodes gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Sphex gibba Linnaeus, 1758 

Nomada gibba Fabricius, 1775 

Apis glabra Füessly, 1775 

Andrena ferruginea Olivier, 1789 

Apis biggosa Christ, 1791 

Melitta picea Kirby, 1802 

Melitta sphecoides Kirby, 1802 

Andrena austriaca Fabricius, 1804 

Dichora analis Illiger, 1806 

Sphecodes apicatus Smith, 1853 

Sphecodes nippon Meyer, 1922 

Sphecodes castilianus Blüthgen, 1924 

Sphecodes lustrans Cockerell, 1931 

Sphecodes pergibbus Blüthgen, 1938 

Sphecodes gibbus var rufispinosus Meyer, 1920 

Sphecodes nigripennis Morawitz, 1876 

Sphecodes sutor Nurse, 1903 

Sphecodes gibbus var turkestanicus Meyer, 1920 

Sphecodes gibbus rufispinosus Meyer, 1920 

Sphecodes gibbus nigripennis Morawitz, 1876. 

Sphecodes indicus Bingham,1898. 

Sphecodes iridipennis Smith,1879. 


N.W.India, Assam 

Assam (Tinsukia) 

W. Bengal (Chapra) 

W.Bengal (Kolkata) 


Uttarakhand(Mussoorie) 

Sikkim (Rangit valley) 

N. India, Himachal 

Pradesh & Kashmir 

N.India, Himachal Pradesh 

N.India, Himachal Pradesh 



162



Sphecodes lasimensis Blüthgen,1927. 


Sphecodes monilicornis (Kirby, 1802) 

Kashmir 

Melitta monilicornis Kirby, 1802 

Sphecodes maculatus Lepeletier, 1841 

Sphecodes subquadratus Smith, 1845 

Sphecodes gibbus var ephippium subvar rufipes homonym Sichel, 1865 

Sphecodes gibbus var ephippium subvar dubious Sichel, 1865 

Sphecodes gibbus var ephippium subvar incertus Sichel, 1865 

Sphecodes gibbus var ephippium subvar nigrescens Sichel, 1865 

Sphecodes gibbus var ephippium subvar testaceipes Sichel, 1865 

Sphecodes ruficrus homonym Dalla Torre, 1896 

Sphecodes hanuman Nurse, 1903 

Sphecodes monilicornis var nigerrima Blüthgen,1927 

Sphecodes caucasicus Meyer, 1920 

Sphecodes monilicornis quadratus Meyer, 1920 

Sphecodes monilicornis berberus Warncke, 1992. 

Sphecodes montanus Smith,1879. 

Sphecodes olivieri Lepeletier, 1825 

Sphecodes desertus Nurse, 1903 

Sphecodes chionospilus Cockerell, 1911 

Sphecodes chionospilus var sanguinatus Cockerell,1911 

(synonymy by Warncke, 1992) 

Sphecodes perplexus Nurse, 1903. 

Sphecodes shillongensis Blüthgen,1927. 

Sphecodes sikkimensis Blüthgen,1927. 

Sphecodes simlaellus Blüthgen,1927 

Sphecodes tantalus Nurse,1903. 

Sphecodes turneri Cockerell,1916. 

N.India, Uttarakhand 

(Mussooree) 

Gujrat (Deesa) 

Kashmir 

Meghalaya 

Sikkim 


Kashmir 

Assam 

Genus Thrinchostoma Saussure, 1890 

This genus includes a nonmetallic black species with apical tergal hair bands and brownish 

tergal margins. Body length is 9 to 10 mm. The face is elongate, the clypeus being both 

strongly produced downward and protuberant anteriorly, and the malar area being distinct, 

half as long as wide in the female and longer than wide in the male. It includes 3 subgenera 

Eothrincostoma, Diagonozus, Thrinchostoma s. str. Only one subgenera i.e. Thrinchostoma 

occur in India with 2 representative’s species. 



163



Subgenus Thrinchostoma 

Thrinchostoma assamense Sladen, 1915. 

Thrinchostoma sladeni Cockerell, 1913 

Halictus (Rostratilapis) sladeni homonym Friese 1914 

Assam 

Assam (Khasia Hills) 

Subgenus None or uncertain 

Thrinchostoma wroughtoni (Cameron, 1897) 

Halictus wroughtoni Cameron, 1897 

Acknowledgement 

We gratefully acknowledge the help of Claus Rasmussen (Aarhus University, Denmark), 

Alain Pauly (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium), M.S.Engel (Lawrence, 

Kansas) for providing us with literature and valuable suggestions. Laboratory facilities & 

financial assistance as university fellowship provided by Punjabi University, Patiala is 

gratefully appreciated. Help rendered by laboratory colleagues Muzamil Ahmad, Sajad H. 

Parey, Lakhwinder Kaur, Rifat H. Raina & Manpreet Singh is highly acknowledged. 

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