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ordinance. It appears to have ended during the final months of 1912, after five years of activity. 302 Whitnall found no comrade in the new mayor, Bading, who had campaigned on “small parks and breathing centers.” 303 The Board of Public Land Commissioners did remain and continued to make improvements to the street ways by having the Common Council condemn areas and then widening those streets. In 1913 their powers were expanded by State Law and Milwaukee ordinance which allowed cities to ‘segregate’ residential and commercial areas. 304 Under this new law, the Board was also commanded to create a comprehensive plan for new city residential areas and the adjacent territories, an early attempt at zoning. 305 Yet, before they were able to start these new larger plans, Bading and the Common Council interfered. By 1914, though, friction had developed between the Common Council and the Board of Land Commissioners. Whitnall had reproached the Council in the Board’s annual review, claiming there were no “expenditures” or plans undertaken, for the year and that their only “transactions” for the year were an attempt “to understand the will of your Honorable Body in the execution of such work as naturally came within the province of this commission for your assistance.” 306 Originally, at the beginning of the year, the board had been given the duty to create a comprehensive plan, but the Council had objected to 302 “City Planning Body Held to be Illegal,” Milwaukee Journal, 24 May 1912. 303 “Bading’s Acceptance Speech,” Milwaukee Journal, 15 April 1912. 304 Milwaukee Common Council, Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Milwaukee for the years 1914-1915,(Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Council, 1915),Proceedings of Common Council, 9. 305 Milwaukee Common Council, Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Milwaukee for the years 1914-1915,(Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Council, 1915),Proceedings of Common Council , 46. 306 Milwaukee Common Council, Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Milwaukee for the years 1914-1915,(Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Council, 1915),Proceedings of Common Council, 1033. 73
Secretary Whitnall heading the operation. The Council had asked for the task to be undertaken by someone not appointed to the Board. After the matter was settled, and an outside party had been appointed to the job, the Common Council abruptly moved to abolish the Board. 307 Whitnall finished the 1914 annual report angrily: “Therefore, gentlemen, owing to what appears to be contradictory moves and instructions on your part, we have been unable as yet to accomplish anything; we are ready, however, to renew our efforts at your command, when understood.” 308 It is unclear why the Common Council and Bading moved to abolish the Board after a year after the new powers were granted. The Common Council could have wished to create a new Board and maybe felt that instead of amending the 1911 ordinance which created the Board, they would just start from scratch. Or the Common Council could have wanted could have been to change the make-up of the Board, which was adjusted to just five members to be the Commissioner of Public Works, the City Engineer and three citizens. 309 No matter the reason, the Board of Public Land Commissioners was officially abolished five days after submitting their 1914 annual review on January 18 th , 1915. 310 Just six months later a new Board of Public Land Commissioners (hereafter referred to as BPLC) was brought in front of the Common Council. The new Board passed in September of 1915 and 307 Milwaukee Common Council, Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Milwaukee for the years 1914-1915,(Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Council, 1915),Proceedings of Common Council, 1033. 308 Milwaukee Common Council, Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Milwaukee for the years 1914-1915,(Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Council, 1915),Proceedings of Common Council, 1034. 309 Milwaukee Common Council, Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Milwaukee for the years 1915-1916,(Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Council, 1916), 299. 310 Milwaukee Common Council, Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Milwaukee for the years 1914-1915,(Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Council, 1915),Proceedings of Common Council, 1027. 74
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[SOCIALISM AND CITY PLANNING: THE W
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ABSTRACT [This thesis examines the
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“The gods must have been in a ver
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Ch
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successful organizations. It was hi
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and John McCarthy. That is not surp
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Whitnall was not just a florist and
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Milwaukee were still left wanting f
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German immigrants carved out an are
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again. In 1870, Milwaukee had a pop
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Milwaukee’s blue collar workers b
Page 23 and 24:
Stuart Rose was born in 1856 in Dar
Page 25 and 26:
position to successfully gain the M
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 1: Formal studio portrait of
Page 29 and 30: campaign promise: municipal water f
Page 31 and 32: tendencies. 92 After returning to M
Page 33 and 34: a Nonpartisan Party developed to at
Page 35 and 36: Pioneer member of the newfound Soci
Page 37 and 38: Whitnall, died. 113 It was then bou
Page 39 and 40: Figure 6: View of Whitnall home on
Page 41 and 42: Entering the spacious hot-houses we
Page 43 and 44: first impressions and deep attachme
Page 45 and 46: were left to Charles. 147 C.B. Whit
Page 47 and 48: Figure 10: Annie Gordon Whitnall in
Page 49 and 50: Whitnall also became the subject of
Page 51 and 52: and a constitution and by-laws were
Page 53 and 54: the Telegraph Delivery Service,”
Page 55 and 56: It is possible Whitnall fell out wi
Page 57 and 58: paymaster to go out to them, saving
Page 59 and 60: Under the scrutiny and an inquisiti
Page 61 and 62: $960.25. 234 After ten years, the b
Page 63 and 64: Milwaukee. After his death, his ash
Page 65 and 66: introduction. After joining the Met
Page 67 and 68: Milwaukee area. And the 1906 report
Page 69 and 70: founders of the city, Kilbourn and
Page 71 and 72: “became evident to the members of
Page 73 and 74: Figure 12: 1909 Civic Center Plan,
Page 75 and 76: The Commission released several ‘
Page 77 and 78: Milwaukee Socialists . . . He is ca
Page 79: members who are not qualified by ex
Page 83 and 84: in Chicago, prominent Anarchist Alb
Page 85 and 86: one of the big men in the county in
Page 87 and 88: World War I had created an economic
Page 89 and 90: of housing corporations established
Page 91 and 92: Meant to be for Milwaukee’s worki
Page 93 and 94: dwellers for sewer upgrades and ext
Page 95 and 96: assistants at its disposal consider
Page 97 and 98: Figure 15: Revised plan for Civic C
Page 99 and 100: centerpiece for the project, finall
Page 101 and 102: industry, and unrestricted. Later,
Page 103 and 104: congested city, behind only New Yor
Page 105 and 106: eally kick-started Whitnall’s pla
Page 107 and 108: Socialist state assemblymen who in
Page 109 and 110: proposed parkways system became off
Page 111 and 112: Wauwatosa had already donated land
Page 113 and 114: took the time to write and lecture
Page 115 and 116: CONCLUSION Charles Whitnall was oft
Page 117 and 118: corresponded with a number of impor
Page 119 and 120: APPENDIX Poem by Eben E. Rexford, a
Page 121 and 122: of-saf (accessed June 12, 2012). Br
Page 123 and 124: Kerstein, Edward S. Milwaukee's all
Page 125 and 126: 2012). Pease, Otis A. The progressi
Page 127: Wachman, Marvin. History of the Soc
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