Long Term Monitoring of Mechanical Properties of FRP Repair ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 2. TASK 1: COLLECT INFORMATION AND DEVELOP DATA ................................................... 3 COLLECTION AND TESTING PLANS FOR FIELD ASSESSMENT......................................... 3 2.1 The Castlewood Canyon Bridge ................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Renovation in 2003 ....................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Replacement of Spandrel Columns, Pier Caps, and Bridge Deck ...................................... 6 2.2.3 Initial Values and Quality Control of the Renovation in 2003 ........................................... 9 2.2.3.1 Tensile Properties of CFRP ................................................................................... 9 2.2.3.2 Bond Strength of CFRP ......................................................................................... 9 2.3 Biannual Bridge Inspections ....................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Planning Tests and Locations ..................................................................................................... 14 3. TASK 2: CONDUCT TESTING/OBSERVATIONS ON SITE AND COLLECT SAMPLES FOR THE LABORATORY............................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Preliminary Site Visit ................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Void Detection ............................................................................................................................ 18 3.3 Pull-Off Tests ............................................................................................................................. 20 3.4 Collecting Specimens for Laboratory Testing ............................................................................ 29 3.5 CFRP Repair ............................................................................................................................... 33 4. TASK 3: LABORATORY TESTING OF FRP SAMPLES AND ANALYSIS OF DATA .......... 37 4.1 Tensile Tests ............................................................................................................................... 37 4.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) .................................................................................. 44 4.3 Summary of Field Assessment and Laboratory Testing ............................................................. 52 5. TASK 4: LITERATURE REVIEW ON ADDITIONAL FRP TOPICS ....................................... 53 5.1 Fatigue of Concrete Beams with Externally Bonded FRP Strengthening .................................. 53 5.2 FRP Durability under Environmental and Chemical Exposure .................................................. 55 5.2.1 Accelerated Aging ............................................................................................................ 57 5.2.2 Field Evaluations .............................................................................................................. 58 5.3 Existing Design Guidance .......................................................................................................... 61 5.3.1 National Cooperative Highway Research Program .......................................................... 61 5.3.2 American Concrete Institute ............................................................................................. 62 5.3.3 Concrete Society Committee (UK) ................................................................................... 62 6. TASK 5: ESTABLISH LONG-TERM TESTING PLAN TO CONSIDER THE EFFECT OF DEICERS ON FRP ...................................................................................................................... 63 6.1 Importance of FRP – Concrete Bond .......................................................................................... 63 6.2 Bond Tests .................................................................................................................................. 63 6.2.1 Direct Shear Tests ............................................................................................................. 63 6.2.2 Double- Face Shear Tests ................................................................................................. 64 6.2.3 Direct Tension Pull-Off Tests ........................................................................................... 65 6.2.4 Three-Point Beam Bending Tests ..................................................................................... 67 6.3 Testing Plan Overview ............................................................................................................... 68 6.4 Environmental Exposure Scenarios ............................................................................................ 68 6.4.1 Exposure to Deicing Agents ............................................................................................. 69 6.4.2 Wet-Dry Cycles ................................................................................................................ 69
Page 1 and 2: Long Term Monitoring of Mechanical
Page 3: ABSTRACT Over the years, Fiber Rein
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 ASTM D7522
Page 9 and 10: Figure 3.15 Failure Modes B and F:
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fiber Reinforced
Page 13: 1. INTRODUCTION Fiber Reinforced Po
Page 16 and 17: Figure 2.2 Castlewood Canyon Bridge
Page 18 and 19: 2.2 Renovation in 2003 The renovati
Page 20 and 21: This alternating pattern created in
Page 22 and 23: project engineer regarding repairs
Page 24 and 25: 2.3 Biannual Bridge Inspections Bia
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.16 Crack identified in 200
Page 29 and 30: 3. TASK 2: CONDUCT TESTING/OBSERVAT
Page 31 and 32: elied upon to detect voids. In most
Page 33 and 34: A 5.7 cm (2 ¼”) outside diameter
Page 35 and 36: In anticipation of applying a two-p
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3.11 Adhered aluminum pucks
Page 39 and 40: Table 3.1. Summary of Failure Modes
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3.18 PDF of Pull-off test re
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.20 Void in CFRP with trans
Page 45 and 46: Both sections of CFRP removed from
Page 47: Figure 3.26 Allocating fabric for r
Page 50 and 51: Table 4.1 ASTM D3039 Letter Codes f
Page 52 and 53: Figure 4.5 Distribution of modulus
Page 54 and 55:
Figure 4.7 Probability density func
Page 56 and 57:
Table 4.5 Rupture Strain Values fro
Page 58 and 59:
Figure 4.12 DSC specimen chamber an
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The two glass transition temperatur
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Due to the erratic behavior near 30
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4.3 Summary of Field Assessment and
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Kim and Heffernan (2008) conclude t
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available - not easily accessible t
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Durability tests conducted in labor
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Saenz et al. (2004) conducted a dur
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NCHRP 514: Bonded Repair and Retrof
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Figure 6.1 Direct Shear Test Repres
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Prior to 2009, the standard used as
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Figure 6.6 Development length and f
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Figure 6.7 FRP Reinforced concrete
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dense medium strength structural co
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Figure 6.11 Concrete specimens rein
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sheets were applied on all 42 speci
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Figure 6.17 Characteristic failure
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Figure 6.21 Block #2 Results Table
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A Force vs. Displacement plot was c
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Table 6.9 Stage 1 Pull-off Test Res
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The last group of specimens consist
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the bundles. Figure 6.28 shows how
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6.9.2 Stage 2 Pull-off Tests A tota
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Once again, the most common failure
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Figure 6.32 Presence of moisture on
Page 108 and 109:
Table 6.15 Stage 2 Beam Average Res
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7. EVALUATION OF PULL-OFF TESTS 7.1
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Table 7.2 Bridges Characteristics (
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This example is limited by the smal
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8. CONCLUSION This project investig
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9. REFERENCES ACI 503R-93, Use of E
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Meneghetti, L.C., M.R. Garcez, L.C.
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APPENDIX A. VOIDS, DEFECTS, AND THE
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Table A1. Continued Summary of Defe
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Bay 1NE: 5 Voids, 1 Crack Figure A3
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Figure A7. Bay 2NE, Crack enclosed
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Figure A11. Enclosed in the red cir
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Bay 5SE: No Defects Found Figure A1
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Figure A19. Thermal image of cracks
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Bay 1SE: 1 Void Figure A23. Bay 1SE
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APPENDIX B. PULL-OFF TESTS Table B1
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Table B2. Continued Global Test Num
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Figure B3. Test No.3, Photograph of
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Figures B10 and B11. Test No.12, we
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Figures B18 and B19. Tests No.21 an
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APPENDIX C. TENSILE TESTS RESULTS T
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