ialontolngia ndita,

FAUNA OF KACHH (CUTCH).
253
densicosta Quenstedt sp. (1886, pi. LXXII, fig. 1) or probably still more to
that new recticostate form recorded by Roman (1897, p. 47) from the Lower
Bathonian. Considering that Parkinsonidae include various grooved offshoots
.Qf Perishinctids, some with constrictions, Epimorphoceras might have been referred
to Parkinsonidae, especially since its suture-line is highly frilled, and
has dependant auxiliaries as in many Perisphinctids. Again the ribs of the
inner whorls of Epimorphoceras, like those of Reineckeia, bear smal1 spines, but
even this ould not separate the genus at once from Parkinsonids, for lateral
tubercles are found in Pseudostre.ooceras, gen. nov. (for P. hystricoides
Rollier, 1911, p. 290 =Amm. oontrarius d'Orbigny, 1846, pi. CXLV, figs. 3-4
only =Upper Bathonian, fide Lissajous, 1923, p. 53) as well as in Hemigara n­
tia, gen. nov. (for the group of Amm. julii d'Orbigny, ib., figs. 6-7).
The Upper Bathonian forms of Parkinsonids unfortunately are as yet
little known. Late species of Parkinsonia have been recorded from the East
of France (Wohlgemuth, 1883, Haug, 1907, p. 998, Grossouvre, 1919, p. 383) ;
and the doubtful P. calloviensis Loczy (1915, p. 379, pi. IV, fig. 11, pl. VI,
fig. 11, text-fig. 88) may be of Upper Bathonian (Oxyceritan) age like a few
other earlier forms d up with his Callovian Villany fauna. Recent writers•
however, like Wetzel (1911) and Nicolesco (1918) who dealt with the Parkinsonids
did not discuss the later developments, nor did Mr. Buckman (1920,
p. 29) who provisionally included in the family Parkinsonidae even the entirely
unrelated genus Cho.ffatia, based on the Kachh ' Perisphinctes ' cobra Waagen.
Epimorphoceras, however, is morphologically closer to certain Morphoceratids
than to the last Parkinsonids just discussed. Waagen very appropriately
compared it with Amm. polymorphus d'Orbigny and Amm. sulcatus Hehl ;
and he considered it transitional from the group of Amm. sulcatus (now Ebrayiceras)
to the group of Perisphinctes rehmanni (now Reineckeia). It is important
to note in this connexion that Thalmann (1925, p. 23) could find only
one certain difference between Morphoceras (Ebrayiceras) pseudo-anceps and
Reineckeia anceps, namely the position of the point of furcation of the ribs.
But Morphoceratidae have been defined by Mr. S. Buckman (1920, p. 22)
as in origin presumably akin to the Sphaeroceratidae, with comparatively simple
suture-line. This would exclude at once Epimorphoceras with its complex
lobes. Moreo;ver, Morphoceratids are commonly found only in the Upper
Bajoian (Parkinsonian) and especially in the Lower Bathonian (Zigzagiceratan
age). Thus Ebrayiceras S. Buckman 1920 (group of Amm. pse;u,do-anceps
Ebray sp.) with distinct ventral groove, and general resemblance to Waagen's
species, but according to Thalmann (1925, p. 21) very variable, occurs in the
Lower B.athonian, together with the true Morphoceras (including ' Patemorphoceras
' and 'Dimorphinites ' S. Buckman). It is possible that Morphoceratids
persisted into the Middle and Upper Bathonian, and in
the description of
Quenstedt's iVl . inflatum (Ammonites parkinsoni injlatus, 1849, pl. XI, fig. 6,
1886, p. 621) already identified by Oppel .(1856, p. 382) . with ilf. polymtJ'Tphum,
attention is drawn to the resemblance to Reineckeia ; but according to Krimmel
(1886, p. 34) M. injlatum occurs below Zigzagiceras ffl.lryodus (Schmidt).
o2