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COPYRIGHT © 1989 BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. San Diego, California 9210 1 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sparks, Donald L., Ph. D. Kinetics of soil chemical processes I Donald L. Sparks. p, cm, Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN O-12-656440-X (alk. paper) 1. Soil physical chemistry. 2. Chemical reaction, Rate of. I. Title. S592.53.S67 1988 631.4'I-dcI9 88-14656 CIP PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 89 90 91 92 987654321
To my wife, Joy, and my late mother, Christine McKenzie Sparks, with love and respect
Page 2 and 3: Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes
Page 6 and 7: Contents Preface Index of Principal
Page 8 and 9: Contents ix 8 Redox Kinetics Introd
Page 10 and 11: xii Preface modeling and computer s
Page 12 and 13: XIV t::..G* t::..G,* t::..Gt o t::.
Page 14 and 15: n Introduction Kinetics of soil che
Page 16 and 17: Introduction 3 Many of the early st
Page 18 and 19: Rate Laws 5 chemical kinetics. Kine
Page 20 and 21: Rate Laws 7 being studied. Transpor
Page 22 and 23: Rate Laws 9 condition to solve rate
Page 24 and 25: Rate Laws 11 The most tractable for
Page 26 and 27: Equations to Describe Kinetics of R
Page 44 and 45: Temperature Effects on Rates of Rea
Page 46 and 47: Transition-State Theory 33 ABLE 2.4
Page 48 and 49: Transition-State Theory 35 say that
Page 50 and 51: Transition-State Theory 37 Activate
Page 52 and 53: Kinetic Methodologies and Data Inte
Page 54 and 55:
Batch Techniques 41 soil scientists
Page 56 and 57:
Batch Techniques 43 Titrator CO 2 t
Page 58 and 59:
Batch Techniques 45 There are sever
Page 60 and 61:
Flow and Stirred-Flow Methods 47 so
Page 62 and 63:
Flow and Stirred-Flow Methods 49 ,.
Page 64 and 65:
Flow and Stirred-Flow Methods 51 ov
Page 66 and 67:
Flow and Stirred-Flow Methods 53 of
Page 68 and 69:
Flow and Stirred-Flow Methods 55 C
Page 70 and 71:
Comparison of Kinetic Methods 57 1.
Page 72 and 73:
Conclusions 59 TABLE 3.4 Effect of
Page 74 and 75:
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Rapid Re
Page 76 and 77:
Introduction 63 .BLE 4.1 Relaxation
Page 78 and 79:
Theory of Chemical Relaxation 65 Th
Page 80 and 81:
Theory of Chemical Relaxation 67 Th
Page 82 and 83:
Theory of Chemical Relaxation rium
Page 84 and 85:
Pressure-Jump (p-Jump) Relaxation 7
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Pressure-Jump (p-J ump) Relaxation
Page 104 and 105:
Stopped-Flow Techniques 91 5 III 4
Page 106 and 107:
Stopped-Flow Techniques 93 Figure 4
Page 108 and 109:
Electric Field Methods 95 - c: ~ 6
Page 110 and 111:
Supplementary Reading 97 kinetics o
Page 112 and 113:
Ion Exchange Kinetics on Soils and
Page 114 and 115:
Fickian and Nernst-Planck Diffusion
Page 116 and 117:
Rate-Limiting Steps 103 i) FICKIAN
Page 118 and 119:
Rate-Limiting Steps 105 the sites.
Page 120 and 121:
Rate-Limiting Steps 107 9.23 8.72 o
Page 122 and 123:
Rate-Limiting Steps 109 Quantificat
Page 124 and 125:
Rate-Limiting Steps 111 where kos,
Page 126 and 127:
Rates of Jon Exchange on Soils and
Page 128 and 129:
Rates of Ion Exchange on Soils and
Page 130 and 131:
Binary Cation and Anion Exchange Ki
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Determination of Thermodynamic Para
Page 138 and 139:
Determination of Thermodynamic Para
Page 140 and 141:
Supplementary Reading 127 can be de
Page 142 and 143:
Pesticide Sorption and Desorption K
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Degradation Rates of Pesticides 139
Page 154 and 155:
TABLE 6.4 Degradation Rate Coeffici
Page 156 and 157:
Reaction Rates and Mechanisms of Or
Page 158 and 159:
Supplementary Reading 145 Karickhof
Page 160 and 161:
Rate-Limiting Steps in Mineral Diss
Page 162 and 163:
Feldspar, Amphibole, and Pyroxene D
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Dissolution Rates of Oxides and Hyd
Page 172 and 173:
Dissolution Rates of Oxides and Hyd
Page 174 and 175:
Supplementary Reading 161 TABLE 7.4
Page 176 and 177:
Redox Kinetics Introduction 163 Red
Page 178 and 179:
Reductive Dissolution of Oxides by
Page 180 and 181:
Oxidation Rates of Cations by Mn(l
Page 182 and 183:
Oxidation Rates of Cations by Mn(1l
Page 184 and 185:
Oxidation Rates of Cations by Mn( I
Page 186 and 187:
Kinetic Modeling of Inorganic and O
Page 188 and 189:
Modeling of Inorganic Reactions 175
Page 190 and 191:
Modeling of Inorganic Reactions [NH
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Modeling of Soil-Pesticide Interact
Page 198 and 199:
Modeling of Soil-Pesticide Interact
Page 200 and 201:
Modeling of Organic Pollutants in S
Page 202 and 203:
Supplementary Reading 189 to relate
Page 204 and 205:
Bibliography 191 Beek, J., and Fris
Page 206 and 207:
Bibliography 193 Davidson, J. M., R
Page 208 and 209:
Bibliography 195 jump methods. In "
Page 210 and 211:
Bibliography 197 Holdren, G. R., an
Page 212 and 213:
Bibliography 199 Lagache, M. (1965)
Page 214 and 215:
Bibliography 201 Olsen, S. R., and
Page 216 and 217:
Bibliography 203 recent advances. I
Page 218 and 219:
Bibliography 205 Stone, A. T. (1987
Page 220 and 221:
Index A Arrhenius equation, 31 Batc
Page 222 and 223:
Index of reductive dissolution mech
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