Pests of Specific Crops

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Pest Description Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha): The fungus overwinters in terminal buds. Greyishwhite fungus appears in felt-like patches on leaves, twigs, blossoms and fruit. Leaves become curled and distorted. Rust (Quince Rust, Gymnosporangium clavipes): Causes yellow to brown spots on upper surface of leaves. Fungal fruiting bodies (aecia) form on lower surface in summer. Alternate hosts are junipers. Cedar-apple rust infects trees in eastern North America, but is not known to occur in BC. Usually a minor disease west of the Rockies, not requiring control. Remove junipers from the vicinity. Scab (Venturia inaequalis): This disease causes shedding of blossoms and scab on leaves and fruit. Scabs begin as water-soaked spots that become velvety-green, then brown and dead. Diseased leaves can be curled and distorted. New infections may occur whenever there is a moderate to prolonged rainy period. Viruses: Several viruses occur in apples, some causing little noticeable effect unless combined during budding or grafting. Virus-free propagating material is more vigorous than infected stock and gives a much better success rate. Chemical Control (rate per 100 L water; or per Cultural Management unit area if indicated) See General Disease Management: Powdery Mildew, Chapter 9. For a list of resistant crabapple varieties, see Appendix D. FERBAM 76 WDG: see label for rates. May cause fruit russeting on ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonathan’ and some other varieties (see label). DITHANE DG, M-45 or WSP 80WP: 150-200 g INSPIRE: 292 mL/ha MANZATE DF & PRO-STICK: 5-6 kg/ha PENNCOZEB 75DF & 80WP: 150-200 g POLYRAM DF: 4.5-6 kg/ha Flowering crabapple: DACONIL 2787F: 250 mL DACONIL Ultrex: 150 g NOVA 40W: 34 g Apply every 10-14 days. No more than 6 applications per year. Protect new growth starting at pink-bud stage. Apply fungicide at least twice, 10 days apart. Use the higher rate for early sprays and the lower rate for later cover sprays or when disease pressure is low. Rake and burn, bury or compost fallen leaves, if practical. Grow scab resistant varieties. For resistant crabapples see Appendix D. Refer to the Ministry’s Tree Fruit Production Guide for additional chemical control options. BANNER MAXX: 14 mL COMPASS 50WG: 14-17.5 g DACONIL 2787F: 250 mL DACONIL Ultrex: 150 g DITHANE DG, M-45 or WSP 80WP: 150-200 g EQUAL 65 WP: 1.08-2.25 kg/ha FLINT 50WG: 140-175g/ha INSPIRE: 292 mL/ha KUMULUS DF: 400-750 g NOVA 40W: 34 g PENNCOZEB 75DF & 80WP: 150-200 g POLYRAM DF: 4.5-6 kg/ha PRISTINE WG: 1.0 kg/ha SULPHUR (DOMESTIC and COMMERCIAL): See labels. May cause fruit russeting at high temperature. Use virus-free rootstocks and budwood. 22 • Pests of Specific Crops Nursery Production Guide
Pest Description Insects and Mites: Apple Ermine Moth (Yponomeuta malinella): The moth has a 10-12 mm wing span, is white with many black spots on the wings and appears from June to August. Each female lays 10 or more eggs in one batch and covers them with a substance that dries into a hard flat scale about three to four mm in diameter and the colour of the bark. When eggs hatch the young larvae remain under the scale (called a hibernaculum) until the following spring. When the larvae emerge, they make a small tent and feed on leaves of apple and hawthorn. Apple Maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella): The larval stage damages apples and other fruit by tunnelling through them. The principal hosts are apple, crabapple and hawthorn trees, however it also occasionally attacks plum, cherry, peach and pear trees. The maggot was found for the first time in BC in 2006. Apple and Thorn Skeletonizer (Eutromula pariana): Monitor for caterpillars 2-3 weeks after leaves open. Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella): The pinkish-white larvae overwinter in cocoons under loose bark, in the soil or in trash at the base of trees. Larvae pupate in spring and adults emerge in May and June. Female moths lay eggs on fruit or on leaves near fruit. Soon after emerging, the larvae bore deep into the fruit. Up to 3 generations in a year. Chemical Control (rate per 100 L water; or per unit area if indicated) CYMBUSH 250EC: 400 mL/ha DIAZINON 50WSP: 100 g DIAZINON 50EC: 100 mL IMIDAN 50-WP: 3.75 kg/ha RIPCORD 400 EC: 7.5 mL SURROUND WP: 25-50 kg/ha Cultural Management See General Insect and Mite Management: Caterpillars and Moths, Chapter 11. Malus stock must be certified free from this pest to be shipped out of BC. See Federal Plant Quarantine Regulations: Comment 7, Chapter 2. Apple maggot is a quarantine pest in Canada, and regulatory controls are in place to prevent spread from the Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island. See Federal Plant Quarantine Regulations: Comment 6, Chapter 2. See General Insect and Mite Management: Caterpillars and Moths, Chapter 11. AMBUSH 500 EC: 400 mL/ha DIAZINON 50EC: 100 mL DIAZINON 50WSP: 100 g CONFIRM 240F (crabapple): 33-60 mL CYMBUSH 250EC: 400 mL/ha DECIS 5EC: 6.8-8.5 mL IMIDAN 50-WP: 3.75 kg/ha MALATHION 500E: 250 mL POUNCE 384 EC: 17.5 mL RIPCORD 400 EC: 7.5 mL Apply bands of corrugated cardboard to the trunk and scaffold limbs in early August to collect mature larvae exiting the fruit. Remove and burn the bands after harvest. Pick and crush infested fruit. Forest Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria): See General Insect and Mite Management: Caterpillars and Moths, Chapter 11. Leafrollers (several species): These insects are leaf and fruit feeders. Deep holes that scab over are produced on the fruit. The larvae are green with black heads. They drop on a silk thread when disturbed. AMBUSH 500 EC: 400 mL/ha DIAZINON 50EC or 50WSP: 100 mL or 100 g CYMBUSH 250EC: 400 mL/ha DECIS 5 EC: 6.8 mL DIPEL WP: 2.25-3.35 kg/ha DIPEL 2X DF: 1.125-1.675 kg/ha DOKTOR DOOM: 60-480 mL/0.4 ha FORAY 48BA: 2.8-4.0 L/ha IMIDAN 50-WP: 3.75 kg/ha MALATHION 500E: 180-250 mL POUNCE 384 EC: 17.5 mL RIPCORD 400 EC: 7.5 mL SEVIN T&O: 230-350 mL SURROUND WP: 25-50 kg/ha Dormant only: SUPERIOR 70 OIL: 2 L Oyster Shell Scale: See General Insect and Mite Management: Scales, Chapter 11. Pearleaf Blister Mite (Phytoptus pyri): Green blisters occur on leaves, later turning brown and drying up. Mites also attack developing fruit causing russeting and deformity. DIAZINON 50WSP: 150 g + 1 L of Horticultural Oil True dormant stage only: LIME SULPHUR 23%: 10 L See General Insect and Mite Management: Mites, Chapter 11. Nursery Production Guide Pests of Specific Crops • 23
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Page 3 and 4: Pest Description Bacterial Blight (
Page 5 and 6: Pest Description Rusts: Fungal frui
Page 7 and 8: Pest Description Mealybugs: These s
Page 9 and 10: Pest Description Insects: Mealybugs
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