The nucleus of BELLONCI in birds - DWC

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1104 American alligator, leaving alone if it is a constant feature, really receives op tic fibres. In the transverse WEIGERT-PAL~paracarmine series of this animal at my disposal the staining of the ce lis was not sufficient to decide whether this differentiated portion was present, but I greatly doubt if op tic fibres end in the reg ion where it must be situatcd. Moreover, this cell group, if present at all, does not correspond with the dorsal lateral geniculate, described by CAIRNEY (1926) and DURWARD (1930) in Sphenodon. The latter, in my opinion, really is the homologue of the mammalian dorsal lateral geniculate. But also in the crocodilians there are a ventral and a dorsal lateral geniculate, the corpus geniculatum laterale of the alligator of HUBER and CROSBY, according to my interpretation, being the dorsallateral geniculate, while their nucleus tractus tecto~thalamici cru cia ti is the ventral one (see fig. 3 of the previous paper). As stated at the outset, despite its distinctness, a great confusion prevails about the avian nucleus I interpret as the nucleus of BELLONCI. In order to try to make an end to this con fusion a short historical survey about the nuclei involved in it, may be appended here. The first authors to notice our nucleus were EDINGER und WALLEN BERG (1899) in their classica I paper on the bird's brain, who, however, do not mention it in the text, but only indicate it in their figures. KAPPERS (1921) in the first edition of his text~book in two figures . relating to Pratincola rubicola (Vol. 11, figs. 468, 469; p. 875, 876) labelled a nucleus in the dorsolateral part of the thalamus as nucleus lateralis anterior. It appears, however, from the text that the nucleus lateralis of EDINGER and WALLEN BERG is meant. Not before the lapse of the quarter of a century af ter EDfNGER and WALLENBERO's (1899) paper, the nucleus lateralis anterior was seen again, by RENDAHL (1924), in the embryo and adult chick. He, however, erroneously identified it with the nucleus of the septo~mesencephalic tra ct of EDINGER and W ALLENRERG, calling it nucleus fasciculi septi, and thus gave rise to the subsequent confusion. To the nucleus of the septo~ mesencephalic tract RENDAHL gave a new name. viz., nucleus superficialis parvocellularis, including with this cell group the nucleus lateralis of EDINGER and WALLENBERG. RENDAHL found his nucleus fasciculi septi also in reptiles (Varanus salvator and Alligator mississippiensis). From his description it is clear that this is no other than the nucleus of BELLONCI (alias ovalis) of these animals. Thus RENDAHL (1924) already before HUBER and CROSBY (1926) observed the nucleus ovalis, and moreover, already recognized its homology with the nucleus lateralis anterior of birds. CRAIGIE (1928) has followed RENDAHL in his error, the nucleus he describes in humming birds as nucleus tractus septi, being the nucleus lateralis anterior of EDINGER and WALLENBERG. It was HUBER and CROSBY (1929), who in their comprehensive studies on the avian diencephalon for the first time correctly identified the nucleus
1105 lateralis anterior. They failed, however, to see that this nucleus was mistaken by RENOAHL for the nucleus of the septo-mesencephalic tra ct. In his second paper on the avian brain (kiwi) CRAIGIE (1930) still designates the nucleus lateralis anterior as nucleus tractus septi. Moreover, he now described another cell group immediately dorsomedial to the latter as nucleus lateralis anterior, whereby the prevailing confusion was still enhanced. In his last paper, dealing with this subject, CRAIGlE (I 931), however, realized that his nucleus tractus septi was identical with the nucleus lateralis anterior of EDINGER and WALLEN BERG , and that, con sequently, the nucleus of the kiwi, Iying dorsomedial to the latter and called nucleus lateralis anterior by him, was something else. In my opinion this nucleus is the crusta peripeduncularis of EOINGER and WALLEN BERG, our interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis (figs. 5, 6, 7). Finally it may be mentioned, that, like H URER and CROSBY, to whom belongs the credit to have done so for the first time, also SHllNA (1932) and K UHLENBECK (1937) correctly identified the nucleus lateralis anterior. SUMMARY. It is argued that the nucleus lateralis anterior of birds, first described by EOINGER and W ALLE[\;BERG (1899), is the homologue of the nucleus of BELLONCI of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The crusta peripeduncularis of EOINGER and W AI.LENBERG is homologized with the interstitial nucleus of the stria medullaris. L I TER A TU R E . AOOENS , J. L., The presence of a nucleus of BELI.ONCI in reptiles and mamma Is. Proe. Kon. N ed. Akad. v . Wetensch., Amsterdam. 11 ; 1134- 1145 (1938) . CRAIGI E, E . H ., Observations on the brain of the humming bird (Chrysolampis mosquitus Linn. and Chlorostilbon caribaeus Laur.) . J. Comp. Neur., 45, 377- ~81 (1928) . - - ---, Studies on the brain of the kiwi (Apteryx australis). Ibid .. 49. 223- 357 (1930) . The cell masses in the dil'ncephalon of the humming bird. Proc. Kon. Akad. v . W etensch., Amsterdam. 34, \038- 1050 (1931) . EDINGER, L. und WALLENBEIW, A .. Untersuchungen über das Gehirn der Taubpn. Anat. Anz., 15, 245- 271 (1899). FREY, E ., Vergleichend-ana tomische Untersuchungen über die basale optische Wurzel u.s.w . Schweiz. Arch. Neur. u. Psychiatr., 39, 255-290; 40, 69- 126 (1937) . Also D iss. Zürich 1937. Zürich, Art. Inst. ORELL F ÜSSLI. GROEBBELS, F .. Untersuchungen liber den Thala mus und das Mittelhirn der Vögel. Anat. Anz., 57, 385- 415 (1924). HUBER, G. C. and CROSBY. E . c., The nuclei and fiber paths of the avian diencephalon, with consideration of telencephalic and certain mesencephalic centers and connections. J. Comp. N eur., 48. 1- 225 (1929) . KAPPERS, C. U . ARIËNS, Die \"l'rgleichende Anatomie des Nervensystems der Wirbeltierr und des Menschpn. 11. Haarlem, De Erven F . BOHN (1921) .
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Page 3 and 4: 1095 tr. sept~mesel1e ventr. I at .
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