“FEDERICO II” UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES PhD Program ... - FedOA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

VIII Contents Annalisa AGANGI CHAPTER 3. Toxoplasma gondii infection 3.1. Scientific background: toxoplasmosis in pregnancy pag. 15 3.2. Our Experience: Materials and methods pag. 18 3.3. The effectiveness of the screening pag. 19 3.4. References pag. 21 PAPER “Screening for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy” 3.5. The diagnostic procedures pag. 23 3.5.1 References PAPER “The role of targeted fetal ultrasound in women with acute toxoplasmosis in pregnancy” CHAPTER 4. Foetal Malformations: differential diagnosis 4.1. Introduction pag. 25 PAPER “Early prenatal diagnosis of concordant posterior urethral valves in male monochorionic twins” PAPER “Split notochord syndrome variant: prenatal findings and neonatal management” CHAPTER 5. Other challenging women conditions and complications 5.1. Introduction pag. 27 5.2. Our Experience: Material and methods pag. 28 5.3. Essential Thrombocythaemia pag. 29 PAPER “Interferon alfa treatment for pregnant women affected by essential thrombocythemia: Case reports and a review” 5.4. Budd-Chiari syndrome pag. 30 5.4.1. References PAPER “Pregnancy in a woman with a history of Budd-Chiari syndrome treated by porto-systemic shunt, protein C deficiency and bicornuate uterus” 5.5 Abnormal setting of pregnancy: ectopic pregnancy pag. 31 5.5.1. References PAPER “Is uterine artery embolization for cervical ectopic pregnancy always safe?” PAPERS’ LIST
High risk pregnancy subsequent to maternal infectious disease Annalisa AGANGI 1 INTRODUCTION. INFECTIOUS DISEASE DURING PREGNANCY The health and well-being of both mother and child largely depend on the environmental factors, which in other words is the environment that can influence the fertility of women or the outcome of pregnancy or of the foetus. Today, increased knowledge about basic virology and immunology, better diagnostic techniques and the development of vaccines and efficient antiviral open new perspectives for women in childbearing age, in pregnancy and for the foetus. Infections in pregnancy are one of the major causes of foetal morbidity and mortality. Infections are quite easily diagnoses and can, in many cases, be prevented; hence, risk assessment to the developing foetus is primarily based on the positive diagnosis of maternal infection. The foetus may be affected only if the causative agent is transmitted to it. This generally occurs in less than half of the cases of primary maternal infection, and to a much lesser degree in maternal reinfection. It was therefore important to develop methods for the direct diagnosis of foetal infection and/or to prevent vertical transmission. Maternal infections may spread to the embryo and foetus in one of two ways: ascending infections, from the upper vagina via the uterine cervix, infecting the amniotic fluid, or by hematogenous spread as a result of maternal viremia or bacteremia. Ascending infections are more common in bacterial infections, while the hematogenous spread is more common in viral infections. The possible adverse effects on the embryo and foetus include, besides distinct congenital anomalies, neonatal and perinatal effects that may lead to embryonic and foetal death, spontaneous abortions, premature labour and disturbances of foetal growth. In addition, the infection may have long term sequels, as for Congenital Toxoplasmosis, or, it may condition the life of the child and the adult it will be, as for HIV infection. In the 25 years since the first report, more than 65 million persons have been infected with HIV, and more than 25 million have died of AIDS. Worldwide, more than 40% of new infections among adults are in young people (15- 24years of age) and 60% are women. This crisis demanded a unique and truly global response. There is good evidence that available behavioural prevention strategies are effective, yet key prevention services currently reach less than 10% of person at risk. In the meantime, there is also a need for research on new approaches to prevention (vaccines) and treatment. A comprehensive response to HIV should include intensified effort while simultaneously expanding access to treatment and care, this is especially true for women in childbearing age. While Toxoplasmosis infection in women is often benign, Congenital Toxoplasmosis can lead to severe consequences for the foetus and the newborn, such as visual or neurological impairment or death. To deal with this problem, European countries have adopted contrasting public health policies, ranging from focusing on primary prevention in the general population to intensive screening programs. One hypothesis to explain the lack of consensus is the fact that the epidemiology of Congenital Toxoplasmosis varies across countries and time. Another is that the evidence regarding the advantages and disadvantages of possible interventions is not clear. In Italy, both screening for HIV and Toxoplasmosis are strongly recom-
Page 1: “FEDERICO II” UNIVERSITY OF NAP
Page 4 and 5: VI Acknowledgement Annalisa AGANGI
Page 8 and 9: 2 Introduction. Infectious disease
Page 10 and 11: 4 Chapter 1. HIV infection in Campa
Page 16 and 17: 2 Abstract Purpose: To analyze the
Page 18 and 19: 4 [h1]METHOD [h2]Population The stu
Page 20 and 21: 6 The sociodemographic characterist
Page 22 and 23: 8 Most women delivered by elective
Page 24 and 25: 10 an increased use of ART, particu
Page 26 and 27: 12 screening. They also suggest tha
Page 28 and 29: 14 [refh]REFERENCES 1. Palella FG,
Page 30 and 31: 16 20. Forna F, Miles AM, Jamieson
Page 32 and 33: 18 Married Cohabitating Divorced/se
Page 34 and 35: 20 Gestational age at delivery (n =
Page 37 and 38: High risk pregnancy subsequent to m
Page 39 and 40: High risk pregnancy subsequent to m
Page 41 and 42: BJOG: an International Journal of O
Page 43 and 44: SUBSEQUENT CHILD-BEARING IN IDENTIF
Page 49: High risk pregnancy subsequent to m
Page 52 and 53: 2326 AIDS 2004, Vol 18 No 17 surfac
Page 54 and 55: Copyright © Lippincott Williams &
Page 56 and 57:
2330 AIDS 2004, Vol 18 No 17 would
Page 58 and 59:
2332 AIDS 2004, Vol 18 No 17 clinic
Page 60 and 61:
2334 AIDS 2004, Vol 18 No 17 sought
Page 62 and 63:
2336 AIDS 2004, Vol 18 No 17 Ospeda
Page 64 and 65:
2338 AIDS 2004, Vol 18 No 17 Table
Page 66 and 67:
2340 AIDS 2004, Vol 18 No 17 (a) HC
Page 69 and 70:
The mother-to-child HIV transmissio
Page 71 and 72:
Mother-to-child HIV transmission in
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77:
Page 80 and 81:
in which HIV-1-infected pregnant wo
Page 82 and 83:
Table 2. Characteristics of study p
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 2. Survival curves for the t
Page 86 and 87:
ias in the comparison of a treatmen
Page 88 and 89:
25. Bocket L, Cheret A, Deuffic-Bur
Page 90 and 91:
196 European Collaborative Study th
Page 92 and 93:
198 European Collaborative Study He
Page 94 and 95:
200 European Collaborative Study (G
Page 96 and 97:
202 European Collaborative Study ha
Page 98 and 99:
204 European Collaborative Study Jo
Page 100 and 101:
16 Chapter 3. Toxoplasma gondii inf
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Correspondence prenatal treatment f
Page 111:
Abstract preview The role of target
Page 115 and 116:
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS Prenat Diagn 200
Page 117 and 118:
POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES IN MONOCH
Page 119 and 120:
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS Prenat Diagn 200
Page 121 and 122:
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT O
Page 123:
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT O
Page 126 and 127:
28 Chapter 5. Other challenging wom
Page 129 and 130:
American Journal of Obstetrics and
Page 131 and 132:
2018 Martinelli et al Table III Sum
Page 133 and 134:
2020 Martinelli et al bocythaemia:
Page 135 and 136:
©2006 Schattauer GmbH, Stuttgart C
Page 137:
High risk pregnancy subsequent to m
Page 140 and 141:
Martinelli et al Safety of emboliza
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Papers’ List Annalisa AGANGI [15]
Page 148 and 149:
Papers’ List Annalisa AGANGI [12]
show all

“FEDERICO II” UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES PhD Program ... - FedOA

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?