I Bench aids for malaria microscopy

nch aids for

Bench aids for malaria microswpl
Contents
Plate 1 i
world H eg
Organizat -
d
Pl&2 llb

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Bench aids for malaria microscop!
Uk cycle of malaria
mm
ulYk*
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Bench aids for malaria microscop
Plate 2a
htroductiom
cdk, a d the cycle reawms. Fever
of ~ed c&. hptith oftho cy&

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Bench aids for malaria microscop
Plate 2b

Bench aids for malaria microscorn Plate 3:
Labmh-ks should tdbw mtimd safsty guiddha k d on
~~ etddihed stmda&. Mmd sam+ must be
c d d pobntdy inktiow, d ldwx&ory .stdshdd be
trained in setting up a d -=
a d guddines, a ugis:
torysu#m*.
11. cd wd 1;~~h~ets a d camind needles ad
rnatesharp
ccsntaisler.
12. Clean w d s&s at the d af each warking day with an
d-pur- ~ n a;uch M hypochlorite ~ t dution at a
ccmantr&im ofO.l% wailde &larim (1 gll).
13. Do wt eat or drink m y f m areas; making
'tdWddmhalM.
14. Restrict access b the ldmmbry to authorized p amd.
1. Ifding the paitieds MI hslad pah ~~, skt the
third fmthhd.Usetheb%gtoehri~hish
never the thud fix chikdmn tx hks.
R e m grease and dirt by ckanimg the ball of the 6-
~ ~ ~ d ~ p Y ~ k e r l h 7 ~ ~ r v
Use &rn strokes to stimuhe W chc-, d dry the
6qer with a chn cotton cloth.
2. With a &mile lancet, puncture the bell oA the fi-r w&h a
quidr rabg action.
Expa the first drop of Mood id w@e it off with dry cottm
d. Engure that rzo cotton strancls remain on the finger
." to later mix with the Mood.
3. Handle slides only by the edges, work quiddy to calk ttke
hod: apply gentle pmwre to the fiqer ad
cdlect a sin&
drop ofW, aht this size a, on the middie of tlae &&.
Express three larger dmp of W, &wt this size a, d
place them about 1 all ~m
thin film.
tk e p ths
Wipe the remaining W away, and apply pewre to the
puncture to stop tke bkd k.
4. 'Wimre.Ushga&ansliclezsa'
dide with blood resting an a @at, fir
small drop olf blood with the e(e
bhd runs dong its edge. Firmly
sprezbder along the sw!
angle of 45"; emure that
with tke surface of the slide.
5. 'LhMr fik To makg
tkedg,eserbq.acm
quddyjoin the dmps d
an wen, thick film.A d
rectangdar film can be
rnmmmmb. Circular hi& &h
diameter.

Bench aids for malaria microscopy Plate 3b ..
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w
0"-
Qrganiza
-& Bn @&
@@tic banam- ur
&Me they ap$oa rsqlndle-shaped bodies, the red cell membrane is often difficl b am
Ded bodiao rrllk naunded ends (m-o) Macroqametocytes have blue cytoplasm, ud #RIB

I Bench aids for malaria microscopy
plate 4a
ca slides
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Common faults in making blood films

sencn aids tor malaria microscopy
IasrnudWm fa/cipamrn thick film.
* Iw.wirvprzlMlhrg&M~~
mmphdogical ~WQEJS in g~~ that make a definite diagnosis of the stage dicd (A). Mixed infections may be mm common during the Brnsmhrsion seasol

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1 Bench aids for malaria micrmc~py &< '
. Plate 5a
z
Y. rl mre of the m~roscope
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in- .
thr .

Vasmodiun, dvw thin film
Trophozoibs. It IS difficult to differentiate species when only the ring stage is present. In each of a, b and c, the infected red cells are not enlarged, then o SchW
Oppllng, and there are no amoeboidfmm. Each of these characteristics helps in diagnosing F! vim infection. Confirnation requires further examination .s fikn and
Hmlifkakn af W F? Ws?qgs. OY\sr &ges and the presence of rings, as in a, b and c, might suggest a mixed F! fakipam and P vivavinfection. Double infecticiner
would want to ensure that this is F! viwand not F! ode by continued examin
awd
Ilk
!rn
gchizonts. IniWy larw and amoeboid, the typical scWt d i quickly im an irregular mass, farmjng 12-24 rmmmki. Each fnmmb b roPnpo63ed of a a d ma%
& blue-&ining c ~ and a ~ diwete m dot of I'M chromiin. Schiifffiaf d~pI'ig is wident, and pigment gathers into one or two md irrwr clmm 0.
b y Often diff~culto d~st~ngu~sh from mature trophozo~tes, gametocytes usually have a reguli und outlln I blood cell conUning a gmwbcyt
$rpiially enlarged, with prominent SchW
swing (m,n). Macrogametocytes (m,@ kge and prmnm Mue, wtth a small, compact chromatin mass that staKO
I very deep dads& (W) -g with a Fit blue cm- tha~ m s to @in g2@ef~d gm&i
Mgment.

Bench aids for malaria microscopy
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buff^ solutions for staining for malaria parasites

I Bench aids for malaria microscopy
Plate 6t
lasmodium vivax thick film

lench aids for malaria microscopy 'late 72
World Heal&
- - Organizatim
Giemsa staining of malaria parasites in blood films
Staining results
w*
&%€
Preparation of stock Giemsa solutim

encn alas tor malaria mlcroscop
, re-

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Bench aids fc malaria
Giemsa staining of mama parasites in blRd films
World Health
Organization
$aining results
w*
Wmsapid (10%) method
. Zt

hfil iaktim, k t this is di&ult to monitor in areas where
trmsrnkkm L cmtbslt.
Maq ycwtqg riq i+xrns are usual$ men in the thick film; p-

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1 Bench aids for malaria micmqq Plate 81
'lasmodium malariae fhick fill
a
ti-

lench aids for malaria microscopy 'late 92
Routine examination of blood f-
for malaria parasites
counting malaria parasites in
thick blood films
*
Figure 2. Thin film examin-
I 1
Method 2

Bench aids for malaria microsc
Plasmodhm ovale thin film
b... Plate 9b
Tqhoaoites. Like P viva, P ovale favours young red cells, and early trophozoites are virtually indistinguishable from those in other species (a,b); cellular en
the presence of stippling quickly alters this (c-e). The oval shape of P ovale that gives the species its name can occur quite early with trophozoites but is due Iiw@&y bthe
blood film conditions. The description of P ovaleas 'a malariae-like parasite in a viva-like red cell' is helpful (see d-g,i,j), although the modest enlargement d
cells in P ovale is seldom stressed. Parasites have a dense chromatin with fewer amoeboid forms (f). Fimbriation of the red cell is often a deciding diagnostic factw (h,l).
Schizonts. Schizonts are easily recognized by the clarity of staining and separation between the merozoites, the modest cellular enlargement, frequent P ovale shapes and
Schiiffner stippling (i-k,l). The number of merozoites is between 6 and 12 but can reach 18. Pigment collects in small clumps in the centre of the schizont's mass.
Gametocytes. Differences d P s the enlarged red
cell, while the irregular mag bra m, which later form a
dark-brown mass with a greenish tinge. In well-stained thin films, Schiiffner stippling clearly shows bead-like, pink-staining granules.

Bench aids for malaria microscopy
I
mid staining of blood filmzor malaria parasites
vwdm
Organization

Plate lob

1 Bench aids for malaria microscow ate 11;

Bench aids for malaria microscopy
11

1 Bench aids h

Bench aids for malaria microscopy 'late 12b
@
Organiza
hrH Hea
gf W- or kw-beme
lWytrs seen I~I pernerd Mood fillr~s (r --owed, thick film and c, thin film) and may be present with