Evacuation in Complex Environments - Industrial Fire Journal

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Fourth International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, March 17-19, 2010 State to what extent you agree with the following statements. 1="Strongly agree" amd 4="Strongly disagree" 0 1 2 3 4 5 a) b) all c) d) e) f) remote from TMB control cabin and mess room in TBM control cabin or mess room g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p) Figure 3. Questionnaire results from TBM evacuation. The statements are presented in table 1 below. 186
Fourth International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, March 17-19, 2010 Table 1. Questionnaire statements for the experiment in Hallandsås tunnel. Statements a) I thought there was a fire when I heard the alarm. b) Evacuation drills are unnecessary. c) I thought it was a drill when I heard the alarm. d) Evacuation drills take unnecessary much time to perform. e) I thought an accident had occurred when I heard the alarm. f) I thought something wrong with the TBM when I heard the alarm. g) Fire drills take unnecessary much time to perform. h) Tidiness is necessary for fire safety. i) I thought the tunnel had caved in when I heard the alarm. j) I thought there was some electrical failure when I heard the alarm. k) Signs (se below) indicating the routes to the refuge chamber are not necessary. l) I thought something was wrong with the alarm when I heard the alarm. m) I thought it was a false alarm when I heard the alarm. n) Evacuation drills are necessary. o) I thought something serious had happened when I heard the alarm. p) Evacuation drills are a good way to practice. It is clear from the answers that persons being alone or together with just one colleague were more uncertain about the situation than those who were sitting in for example the mess room. Persons being at other locations than the mess room and pilot cabin did to a higher degree associate the alarm signal to fire and emergency, cf. statements a) and c). People sitting together in the mess room could agree more rapidly that this is probably an exercise and not a real fire. Other statements resulted in more similar answers, i.e. were not depending on the location of the participants and who they were together with. Notably is that all of the participants agree that tidiness is important and that safety procedures are important in order to keep a high level of fire safety. Walking speed The walking speed for the participant was rather fast at the point where speed was measured. In the stair the speed varied between 0,75 m/s and 1,0 m/s measured along the slope. The walking speed along a horizontal surface was naturally higher and ranged between 1,0 m/s and 1,7 m/s. The data points for the lower value included also some vertical movement as the participants jumped from a walking path along the TBM to the lower deck, a distance of approximately 0,8 m. This means that the average speed between two measuring points was lower than the actual local walking speed but the difference at the point of measuring cannot be determined. The walking speed at another measuring point showed higher values, up to 1,7 m/s. The variation was low as most of the participants moved together in groups with almost the same speed. Evacuation time and general observations In total the evacuation took approximately 3 minutes to perform from the time when the fire alarm started to all participants were inside one of the refuge chambers. The first participants arrived to the refuge chambers approximately 1 minute from the start of the fire alarm. The first ones to arrive started to prepare the mobile refuge chamber for the case they had to abandon the TBM and drive out of the tunnel. After this they entered the mobile refuge chamber. 187
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Evacuation in Complex Environments - Industrial Fire Journal

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