FIFTH REPORT - World Health Organization

EUROPEAN REGION 217
million kronor to the expenditure for health education
and the local authorities contributed an estimated sum
of 1 to 2 million kronor.
Medical and public health research
Medical and public health research activities are
carried out by the universities and the Swedish Medical
Research Council, which come under the Ministry of
Education, and by the university hospitals which are
financed by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs
and by the county councils. Medical and public health
research is also performed in various laboratories of
the public sector, such as the National Bacteriological
Laboratory, the National Defense Research Institute,
the National Food Administration, and the Institute
for Occupational Medicine.
In addition to the Swedish Medical Research
Council, the following bodies supporting medical and
public health research can be classified as research
councils: the Swedish Work Environment Fund, the
Cancer Society, the National Board for Technical
Development, The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary
Fund, etc. These research councils award grants to
individual research workers, groups or institutions,
and initiate and support new research activities. The
activities of the Swedish Medical Research Council
cover the entire field of medical, dental, veterinary -
medical and pharmaceutical sciences.
The total annual government allocations to medical
and public health research amount to approximately
200 million kronor. Private foundations provide
about 20 million honor. The amount spent by the
pharmaceutical industry for research has been estimated
at about 30 million kronor.
Government health expenditure
In 1971 total government expenditure amounted to
57 871 million kronor, of which 14 890 million were
spent on capital account and 42 981 million on current
account. Of this latter amount 15 887 million kronor
were spent at the central government level and 27 094
million at the local government level. The total
government health expenditure amounted to 12 630
million kronor, of which 11 040 million were current
expenditure and 1590 million capital expenditure. The
per capita government expenditure on health was 1519
kronor. The central health administration accounted
for 2230 million kronor, the compulsory social insurance
funds for 1600 million and the county councils for
8800 million.
SWITZERLAND
Population and other statistics
At the last census, taken in December 1970, the
population of Switzerland was 6 269 783. Population
estimates and some other vital statistics for the period
under review are given in the following table:
Mean population . . .
Number of live births . .
Birth rate
(per 1000 population) .
Number of deaths . . .
Death rate
(per 1000 population) .
Natural increase (%)
Number of infant deaths
Infant mortality rate
(per 1000 live births) .
Number of deaths,
1 -4 years
Death rate, 1 -4 years (per
1000 population at risk)
Number of maternal
deaths
Maternal mortality rate
(per 1000 live births) . .
1969
6 212 000
102 520
16.5
58 002
9.3
0.72
1 574
15.4
0.9
0.3
377
30
6
1970
267 000 6
99 216
15.8
57 091
9.1
0.67
1 495
15.1
0.8
0.2
318
24
1971
324 000
96 261
15.2
57 856
9.1
0.61
1 383
14.4
0.9
0.3
356
26
6
1972
385 000
91 342
14.3
56 489
8.8
0.55
1 216
Of the 57 856 deaths recorded in 1971, the main
causes were: 1 chronic rheumatic heart disease, hypertensive
disease, ischaemic heart disease, other forms of
heart disease (16 316), malignant neoplasms (12 046),
cerebrovascular disease (6641), accidents (3926, includ-
1 International Classification of Diseases, 1965 Revision.
13.3
0.8
327
20
0.2
ing 1811 in motor -vehicle accidents), diabetes mellitus
(1597), pneumonia (1412), bronchitis, emphysema and
asthma (1291), congenital anomalies, birth injury,
difficult labour and other anoxic and hypoxic conditions,
other causes of perinatal mortality (1198),
suicide and self -inflicted injuries (1160), cirrhosis of the
liver (960), influenza (739), symptoms and ill- defined
conditions (717), tuberculosis, all forms (380).
The communicable diseases most frequently notified
in 1972 were: influenza (12 348), measles (3375), scarlet
fever (2035), tuberculosis, all forms, new cases (1603),
whooping -cough (832), infectious hepatitis (768),
meningococcal infections (142), typhoid and paratyphoid
fevers (75), bacillary dysentery (65), Q -fever
(3), diphtheria (3), poliomyelitis (2).
Organization of the public health services
Switzerland is a Confederation in which the cantons
have a large degree of autonomy. The responsibilities
in the field of public health are divided between the
cantons and the Confederation. Regular contacts
have been established between the responsible cantonal
and federal public health authorities.
The Federal Government has legislative competence
in the following fields : control of communicable