Bioprospecting in Antarctica - UNU-IAS - United Nations University

Table of Contents Foreword 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Review of Biological Prospect<strong>in</strong>g Activities <strong>in</strong> <strong>Antarctica</strong> 7 2.1 Industry <strong>in</strong>volvement 7 2.1.1 The case of Micromat 7 2.1.2 Other projects and activities 8 2.2 Patents 10 2.3 Concusions 12 3. Overview of Biological Prospect<strong>in</strong>g Trends Elswhere 14 3.1 General <strong>in</strong>dustry trends 14 3.2 <strong>Bioprospect<strong>in</strong>g</strong> for extremophiles 15 4. <strong>Bioprospect<strong>in</strong>g</strong> and the Antarctic Treaty System 17 4.1 Legislative backgound 17 4.1.1 The Antarctic Treaty 17 4.1.2 Madrid Protocal 17 4.1.3 CCAMLR 18 4.1.4 CRAMRA 4.2 Activities of ATS Bodies 18 4.2.1 Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 19 4.2.2 Committee fo Environmental Protection 20 4.2.3 ATCM 20 5. International Policies Govern<strong>in</strong>g Biospheric Activities 22 5.1 UNCLOS 22 5.1.1 Part IX of UNCLOS, as modified fy the 1994 Agreement: The Area 22 5.1.2 Part XIII: Mar<strong>in</strong>e Scientific Research 22 5.1.3 Part XIV: Development and Transfer of Mar<strong>in</strong>e Technology 23 5.1.4 Regulations on Prospect<strong>in</strong>g and Exploration for Polymetallic Nodules 23 5.1.5 UNICPOLOS and bioprospect<strong>in</strong>g 24 5.2 The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) 25 5.2.1 The Bonn Guidel<strong>in</strong>es on Access and Benefit-Shar<strong>in</strong>g 26 5.2.2 The CBD’s applicability to <strong>Antarctica</strong>? 27 5.3 World Intellectual Property Organization 27 5.6 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 28 6. Conclusions 30 3